老托福听力30篇下载之地球内部构成(原文+翻译)
老托福听力30篇下载之天文学家(原文+翻译)
官方网站：老托福听力30篇下载之天文学家（原文+翻译）老托福听力30篇下载之天文学家（原文+翻译）。
托福考试备考资料你选老托福听力30篇了吗？没选也不要紧，下面小马编辑为大家精选了老托福听力30篇中天文学家相关的原文及翻译，同学们不用下载完整版的老托福听力30篇也可以，还等什么，赶快来下载吧。
老托福听力30篇是托福听力考试备考必备的材料，下面为大家整理了老托福听力30篇中天文学家相关内容，还附带有原文及翻译，同学们可下载进行练习。
Most people think of astronomers as people who spend their time in cold observatories peering through telescopes every night. In fact, a typical astronomer spends most of his or her time analyzing data and may only be at the telescope a few weeks of the year. Some astronomers work on purely theoretical problems and never use a telescope at all. You might not know how rarely images are viewed directly through telescopes. The most common way to observe the skies is to photograph them. The process is very simple. First, a photographic plate is coated with a light-sensitive material. The plate is positioned so that the image received by the telescope is recorded on it. Then the image can be developed, enlarged, and published so that many people can study it. Because most astronomical objects are very remote, the light we receive from them is rather feeble. But by using a telescope as a camera, long time exposures can be made. In this way, objects can be photographed that are a hundred times too faint to be seen by just looking through a telescope.许多人认为天文学家是那种每晚都把时间花在冰冷的天文台上，通过望远镜仔细观察的人。
托福TPO听力文本翻译Lecture1(上)
今天，环球托福为备考托福听力的考友们带来托福TPO听力文本翻译Lecture1Astronomy （上），帮助大家复习托福听力以及分析听力文章的重点通常出现在哪些关键词后。
下面，请看环球托福分享的托福TPO听力文本：Geocentric&Heliocentric theoryNarrator Listen to part of a lecture in a history of science class. Aristarchus-Heliocentric Theory ProfessorOk, we have been talking about how throughout history, it was often difficult for people to give up ideas which have long been taken for granted as scientific truth, even if those ideas were false. In Astronomy, for example, the distinction between the solar system and the universe wasn’t clear until modern times. The ancient Greeks believed that what we called the solar system was in fact the entire universe, and that the universe was geocentric. Geocentric means Earth-centered, so the geocentric view holds that the Sun, the planets, and the stars, all revolve around the Earth, which is stationary. Of course, we now know that the planets, including Earth, revolve around the Sun, and that the solar system is only a tiny part of the universe.托福TPO听力文本翻译我们已经讨论过，纵观历史，当人们要放弃长久以来已经被理所当然地视为科学真理的观点，是如何的困难，即使这些观点是错的。
托福听力词汇知识之地球科学
托福听力词汇知识之地球科学托福听力词汇知识之地球科学地球科学Earth’s interior 地球的内部Seismic waves地震波Compression 压缩Shear (a deformation of an object in whichparallel planes remain parallel but are shiftedin a direction parallel to themselves)Slow down 减慢速度Reflect 反射Depth深度Density 密度Boundary边界Mantle 地幔Crust 地壳Core地心Continental plate 大陆板块Tectonic plate (地球表面的)构造板块Continental drift 大陆漂移Layer, strata 层Stratify 分层Crack 裂缝Molten lava 融化的岩浆Climatic shift=Climatic changes气候变化Consistent pattern 统一的，始终一致的Solar energy太阳能Radiate 发射，放射Crude approximation 大概的猜测Speculation猜测Cooling down 冷却Mechanism 机制Length of the dayPhysical force 体力Imaginary line 虚拟线Artificial reservoir 人工水库LatitudeRedistribute再分配，再分布Spin 快速旋转Minerals 矿物质Diverse 多样的Specimen，Sample 样品Abundant 丰富的Glassy像玻璃的Amazon stones天河石Firing vapor 炙热的水蒸汽Wipe out 根除，彻底消灭Mt Everest 珠穆朗玛峰Elevation 海拔，海拔增高Precise measurement 精确的测量Global Positioning System全球定位系统Longitude 经度Latitude 维度Alternative sources of energy 可替代资源Gas hydrate气体水合物Trap 困住Flame 火焰Potential 潜在的Model 模式Geological fault地质断层Crack 裂缝seismic gap地震活动空白地带postulate 假设chunk 大块cylinder 圆柱cylindrical 圆柱形的ground tilt measurement 地倾斜观测evacuate 撤出sedimentary adj. 沉淀性的accumulate 积累托福听力高分笔记技巧1.记关键词所谓关键词，是指与听力中心内容有密切关系的词汇和短语，是考点的主要出处。
SAT阅读 托福听力自然科学场景补充之地质篇
地幔mantle是位千地壳下面的种间层，厚度约2865公里，主要由致密的造岩物质构成， 这是地球内部体积最大、质晕最大的 一层。地幔又可分成上地幔up per mante l 和下地幔l ower mante l 两层。 一殷认为上地幔顶部存在 一个软流层 ats hen os p heer , 推测是由千放射元素大 量集中， 蜕变放热， 将岩石熔融后造成的。 据推测， 这里品度约1300 �右， 压力有3万 个大气压， 已接近岩石的熔点，因此形成了超铁镁物质的塑性体，在压力的长期作用下，以 半枯性状态缓慢流动， 故称软流层。软流层被认为是岩浆的发源地。软流层以上的地幔部分
与核交界处的品度为3500 沈上， 外核与内核交界处品度为6300 ?C核心品度约6600 �c
横波不能在外核中传播，表明了外核的物质在高品和高压环境下呈液态或熔融状态，而地球 内核呈固态。 外核相对千地壳的“流动” ， 可能 是地球磁场产生的主要原因。
2
大陆漂移假说
大陆漂移Continental Drift假说是解释地壳运动和海陆分布、 演变的学说。 大陆彼此之 间以及大陆相对千 大洋盆地间的大规模水平运动，称大陆漂移。大陆漂移说认为，地球上所 有大陆在中生代以前曾经是统一的巨大陆块，称之为泛大陆或联合古陆Pangaea, 中生代开 始分裂并漂移，逐渐达到现在 的位置。大陆漂移的动力机制与地球自转的两种分力有关： 向 西漂移的潮沙力Tidal Force 和指向赤道的离极力pole-fleeing force。较轻硅铝质的大陆块漂 浮在较重的黏性的砫镁层之上， 由千潮沙力和离极力的作用使泛大陆破裂并与砫镁层分离， 而向西、 向赤道作大规模水平漂移， 并且向附近移动的活动。
老托福听力30篇下载之植树项目（原文+翻译）（合集5篇）
老托福听力30篇下载之植树项目（原文+翻译）（合集5篇）第一篇：老托福听力30篇下载之植树项目(原文+翻译)官方网站：老托福听力30篇下载之植树项目（原文+翻译）老托福听力30篇是托福听力考试备考必备的材料，下面为大家整理了老托福听力30篇中植树项目相关内容，还附带有原文及翻译，同学们可下载进行练习。
托福考试备考资料你选老托福听力30篇了吗？没选也不要紧，下面小马编辑为大家精选了老托福听力30篇中植树项目相关的原文及翻译，同学们不用下载完整版的老托福听力30篇也可以，还等什么，赶快来下载吧。
Now that we've all introduced ourselves to the new members, let's get down to work.As the committee in charge of this year's tree-planting project, we have several items on our agenda.First, we have to review the budget.The president has informed me that the trustees have set aside $3,000 for the purchase of trees and our environmental T-shirt sale netted a profit of $1,500.Second, we have to finalize the choice of trees.As you know, we're working with Richardson's Nursery again this year since everyone seemed pleased with the work he did for us last year.Mr.Richardson has presented us with several choices within our price range that he thinks would meet our needs.He's sent us pictures of the trees for us to look at, but he wanted me to tell you that we're welcome to visit the nursery if we want to see the trees stly, we need to plan some kind of ceremony to commemorate the planting.Several ideas, including a garden party of some sort, have been suggested.So let's get on with it and turn to the first order of business.既然现在我们已经向新成员们做了自我介绍，让我们开始工作吧。
托福TPO1-30听力原文文本全集18 版整理
智课网TOEFL备考资料托福TPO1-30听力原文文本全集18 版整理摘要：托福TPO听力1-30听力原文文本全集1.8 版整理!大家都知道托福听力TPO试题都来源于历年考试机经，对于该试题内容的权威性和仿真性自不用说，为方便大家更深入的研究小编特给出了托福TPO听力1-30听力原文文本全集1.8 版资料，同学们可以好好练习一下。
托福 TPO听力1-30听力原文文本全集1.8 版整理!大家都知道托福听力 TPO试题都来源于历年考试机经，对于该试题内容的权威性和仿真性自不用说，为方便大家更深入的研究小编特给出了托福TPO听力1-30听力原文文本全集1.8 版资料，同学们可以好好练习一下。
1.Why does the student go to see the librarian? #To sign up for a seminar on using electronic sources for research #To report that a journal is missing from the reference area #To find out the procedure for checking out journal articles #To ask about how to look for resources for a class paper #2.What does the librarian say about the availability of journals and articles in the library? #They are not easy to find if a professor put them on reserve #Most of them are accessible in an electronic format #Most of them can be checked out for three weeks #Printed versions from the past three years are located in the reference section #3.What does the librarian suggest the student should do to save time? #Choose an easier research topic#Concentrate on five journals#Read the summaries of the articles first#Install a new program on her home computer#4.What can be inferred about why the woman decides to use the computer in the library?#She thinks she might need additional help from the man#She does not have a computer at home#She has to hand in her assignment by the end of the day#She will be meeting a friend in the library later on#5.Why does the woman say this #She had forgotten about the information#She is surprised she was not aware of the information#She is annoyed that the information was published only recently#She is concerned that the librarian gave her incorrect information针对大家托福听力提分困难的复习处境，小马有开发出模拟托福听力考场环境的托福听力APP,小马托福听力APP中涵盖了TPO1-34听力真题全部内容的，答案解析应有尽有。
托福阅读经典加试题及答案地核物质成分附
托福阅读经典加试题及答案：地核物质成分（附下载）
托福加试一般分为托福听力经典加试，跟托福阅读经典加试。
那么托福加试算分吗，加试是不算分的，但并不意味着你可以随便做。
新航道英语学校为大家整理了下托福阅读经典加试-地核物质成分的试题及答案。
希望对大家有帮助。
地核物质成分
讨论地核物质成分，科学家根据地震波传导的快慢，确定了地核的成分与地表的成分不同。
然后科学家发现火山爆发出来的物质有钻石，证明地球深层是一个高温高压的环境，因为钻石只能在这种情况下产生。
然后来了一段很长的，TMD,如果他分开好了。
说根据陨石里面的材料来判定地核的材料。
因为科学家可以估计地核的密度，如果发现陨石的密度与地核密度差不多，很有可能他们的element(元素成份)是相同的。
有一道题目问地核的构成物质最多是什么，有iron, silicon(硅),还有两个忘记了。
托福阅读考试时间一般是60分钟，在托福阅读加试的情况下会再加40分钟，总体考试即100分钟。
新航道提醒大家托福阅读加试题的位置不固定，考生很难分辨哪一道是加试题，只能通过日常积累来判断。
大家一定要认真做每一道题目。
TOEFL？老托福听力PartC原文5篇word版
英语学习无论对于学生还是职场人士来说都是非常重要的，很多要出国留学的学生需要准备对应的托福、雅思、SAT、GRE、GMAT等留学考试，获得较高的分数才能申请相对较好的国外大学。
国内大学生经常要备考的是四六级考试，能在四六级考试中获得较高的分数，在今后的职场工作总也会有一定的优势。
英语的学习词汇是基础，各个不同等级的考试对于词汇量的要求也不同，一般要求的词汇量在3000-20000不等。
学好英语在掌握足够词汇量的基础上还要对语法有一定的了解，生活中多练习口语，掌握一些口语交流技能。
为大家整理汇总了下述英语学习材料，方便大家学习查看。
为了让大家更好的准备托福考试，给大家整理老托福听力PartC原文，下面就和大家，来欣一下吧。
老托福听力PartC原文1Everyone is interested in improving their diet.每个人都对他们的饮食感兴趣。
Adding grains is one of the easiest ways.增加谷物是最容易的方法之一。
Many people in the United States have a growing concern about nutrition, sograins are often served in restaurants.在美国，关于营养，许多人越来越关注，所以谷物在餐厅里经常摆上餐桌。
And many grains are now available in grocery stores, too, though for someyou still have to go to health food stores.而且，现在许多谷物也可在食品杂货店买到，尽管你们中的某些人依然不得不去健康食品店。
You can stock up when you go, though, because uncooked grains keep a longtime.不过，当你去的时候你可以囤货，因为没有煮过的谷物保存时间长。
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老托福听力30篇下载之地球内部构成（原文+翻译）
老托福听力30篇下载之地球内部构成（原文+翻译）。
托福考试备考资料你选老托福听力30篇了吗？没选也不要紧，下面小马编辑为大家精选了老托福听力30篇中地球内部构成相关的原文及翻译，同学们不用下载完整版的老托福听力30篇也可以，还等什么，赶快来下载吧。
老托福听力30篇是托福听力考试备考必备的材料，下面为大家整理了老托福听力30篇中地球内部构成相关内容，还附带有原文及翻译，同学们可下载进行练习。
I'm glad you brought up the question of our investigations into the makeup of the Earth's interior. In fact, since this is the topic of your reading assignment for next time, let me spend these last few minutes of class talking about it. There were several important discoveries in the early part of this century that helped geologists develop a more accurate picture of the Earth's interior. The first key discovery had to do with seismic waves. Remember they are the vibrations caused by earthquakes. Well, scientists found that they traveled thousands of miles through the Earth's interior. This finding enabled geologists to study the inner parts of the Earth. You see, these studies revealed that these vibrations were of two types: compression or P waves and shear or S waves. And researchers found that P waves travel through both liquids and solids, while S waves travel only through solid matter. In 1906, a British geologist discovered that P waves slowed down at a certain depth but kept traveling deeper. On the other hand, S waves either disappeared or were reflected back, so he concluded that the depth marked the boundary between a solid mantle and a liquid core. Three years later, another boundary was discovered, that between the mantle and the Earth's crust. There's still a lot to be learned about the Earth. For instance, geologists know that the core is hot. Evidence of this is the molten lava that flows out of volcanoes. But we're still not sure what the source of the heat is.
我很高兴你对我们关于地球内部构成的研究提出问题。
事实上，这个话题将是你们的下一个阅读作业，现在让我用占用课堂上的几分钟说说这个话题。
在这个世纪有几个重要的发现，它们帮助地质学家显影出一张更精准的地球内部构成图。
第一个关键的发现与震波有关。
记住震波是地震引起的震动。
于是科学家发现这些震波是穿过数千英里从地球内部传来的。
这个发现使科学家能够研究地球里面的部分。
你看，这些研究显示震动有两种类型：压缩波或者叫P型波，和切变波或者叫S型波。
研究人员还发现P型波可以穿过液体和固体，而S型波只能穿过固体物品。
在1906年，一位英国地质学家发现P型波在一定的深度传播很慢，但是会继续向更深的地方传播。
另一方面，S型波不是消失就是被反射回来，所以他推断出深度标志着固体地幔与液体地心的边界。
三年后，另一个边界被发现，是地幔与地壳的边界。
还有很多关于地球的奥秘等着我们去了解。
例如，地质学家根据从火山流出的熔岩知道地心是炎热的，但是我们还是不能确定地心热量的来源是什么。