皮亚杰文集主题索引

主题索引AApriori 先验的Abstractions，抽象Basic to logical operations 逻辑运算的基础Empirical 经验的～Reflective 反省的～Simple 简单的抽象Accommodation 顺化Action implications 动作蕴涵Action schemes 动作格式Actions，动作Causality of ～的因果性Coordination of ～的协调Meaning of ～的意义Transforming 转换的～Activities，spontaneous 活动，自发的～Additive identity 加法的同一性Additive relationships 加法的关系dominance of 加法关系的支配地位Additive-multiplicative relationships 加法的-乘法的关系Age 年龄of acquisition of concepts 概念获得的年龄of subjects in cross-cultural studies 跨文化研究中被试的年龄of acquiring conservation of physical quantities 获得物理量守恒的年龄Anticipations 预期Inferential 推断的～PartialAssertion 断定Assimilation 同化Attributive 归因（属）的～Integrative 整合的～Norms of 同化的常模Process of ～的过程Association 联想mechanisms of 联想的机制Attention 注意changes in 注意中的变化and conservation 注意与守恒Attribution of 归因（属）Actions 动作的～Assimilation schemes 同化格式的～Autonomy of comparisons and transformation 比较与转换的自主性Autoregulation 自动调节BBehavior，行为Instrumental 工具的～Behaviorists 行为主义者Organizational competence ignored by 行为主义所忽视的组织化能力On knowledge 行为主义论知识Bever 贝弗Bijection 双射Biological competence 生物的能力Blanchet 巴莱特Bourbaki 布尔巴基Bovet 博维尔Braine 布莱恩Brandt 布莱迪Bruner 布鲁纳On verbal training and cognitive structuring 布鲁纳论言语训练和认知结构Cross-cultural studies of 布鲁纳的跨文化研究CCalculation 计算Calculus，计算Extensional 外延的～Truth-functional 真值函项的～Propositional 命题的～Cantor’s Paradox 康托尔悖论Category 范畴Causality 因果性Center for Cognitive studies 认知研究中心Center for Genetic Epistemology 发生认识论中心Chronology of conservation 守恒概念的获得年龄Conservation of matter 物质守恒Conservation of length 长度守恒Class inclusion 类包含And conservation of matter 类包含与物质守恒Logical of language 类包含中的语言的逻辑Role of memory in 类包含中的记忆的作用Classes 类Logic of 类的逻辑And simultaneity 类与同时性Classification 分类Infralogical 逻辑内的～Of variable elements5 可变元素的～Operational 运算的～Training in 分类中的训练Classification grouping 分类的群集Clinical method 临床方法Closure 封闭性Cognitive constructions 认知的建构As hereditary 具有遗传性质的认知建构Cognitive development 认知发展And experiments on learning 认知发展与关于学习的实验And competence 认知发展与能力Stages of 认知发展的阶段And total response 认知发展和全部的反应Comparative terms 比较的词汇And conservation 比较的词汇与守恒Collections 集合Combinations 组合Commutability 可交换性Commutativity 交换性Comparisons 比较Compensation of reciprocal relationships 互反关系的补偿Partial vs. complete 部分的补偿和（对）完全的补偿Between addition and subtraction 在加法和减法之间的互反关系的补偿Competence 能力Stages of ~ in development 发展中的能力阶段Biological ~ 生物学的能力Complementary substitution 补偿性替代Composition 组合Between neighboring elements 相邻元素之间的～Inferential 推理的～Operatory 运算的～Ternary 三元的～Concepts，Formation of 概念，～的形成Conceptualization 概念化Conditional implications 条件蕴涵Conditions far from equilibrium 远离平衡的条件Conflict 冲突Role of ~ in dynamics of development 冲突在发展动力学中的作用Acquisition of ~ in concept of length 长度概念获得中的冲突~ leading to new equilibrium 导致新的平衡状态的冲突~ excluded in programmed learning 程序学习中冲突的被排除Conjunctions 合取Constrained 约束的～Free 自由的～Intensional 内涵的～Intraobjective 对象内的～Poorly structured 弱结构的～Possible 可能的～Primitive 初始的～Pseudo-constrained 伪-约束的～Connectives 联结词Binary 二元的～Conjunction 合取～Constrained 约束的Free 自由的～Intensional 包含的～Logical 逻辑的～Poorly constructed 弱构造的～Truth-functional 真值函项的～Conservations 守恒Concepts of ~ 守恒的概念Experiments in ~ 守恒中的实验Influence of language on ~ 语言对守恒的影响~ of physical quantities 物理量的守恒semilogical systems of ~ 守恒的半逻辑的系统liquids ~ experiment 液体守恒实验one-to-one experiments 守恒与一一对应实验from numerical equality to ~ 从数的相等性到守恒~ of matter and number 物质和数的守恒cross-cultural study of ~ 守恒的跨文化研究~ of length 长度守恒~ and quantification of inclusion 守恒与包含的定量化training for ~ 对守恒的训练developmental stages leading to ~ 导致守恒的发展阶段derivation and chronology of ~ 守恒（获得）的年龄差异和年龄特点hindrances to ~ 守恒的障碍Contradiction 矛盾Constructivism 建构主义~ and continuity between psychological 建构主义与心理维度与逻辑的and logical dimensions 维度之间的连续性~ and regulatory processes 建构主义与调节过程Constructivist theory 建构主义的理论Content 内容Extramorphic 超态射水平的Functorial 函子的Morphsimic 态射的Contiguity 接近（邻近）Laws of ~ 接近律Continuity 连续性Concept of ~ 连续性的概念Continuous quantities 连续量Conservation of ~ 连续量的守恒~ via numerical conservation 经由数的守恒达于连续量的守恒expressions for describing ~ 用于描述连续量的言语表达cross-cultural studies in conservation of ~ 连续量守恒的跨文化研究length ~ 长度连续量developmental stages leading to conservation of ~导致连续量守恒的发展阶段chronology of acquisition of ~ 连续量守恒的获得年龄Contradiction 矛盾Convergence of operatory and morphsimic transformation 操作型与态射型,转换的融合Coordinations 协调Of actions 动作的～Of inferences 推理的～Partial 局部的～Precocious 早熟的～Temporary 时间（相）的～Correspondences 对应One-to-one 一一对应Biunivocal 一一对应Contransformational 协转换的Intermorphic 内态射水平的Intertransformational 间转换的Intramorphic 内态射水平的Precursive 先驱的Premorphic 前态射的Protransformational 可预测转换的Univocal 单一的Counting 计数（数数）~ as attempted solution 作为尝试解决方法的计数Counting in a circular order 循环计数Courant 康特尔Covariation 共变（协变）Concept of ~ 共变（协变）的概念Critical exploration 批判的探索Method of ~ 批判探索的方法Changes in ~ 批判探索的变化Cross-cultural studies 跨文化研究~ of basic concepts 基本概念的跨文化研究~ of conservation of continuous quantities 长度守恒的跨文化研究~ of conservation of length 长度守恒的跨文化研究interpretations of ~ 跨文化研究的解释DDaniel 丹尼尔Décalage 滞差Deduction，Natural 自然演绎Delayed progress 延迟的进步Delemos 狄勒莫斯Demonstrations 显示Descriptive terms 描述性的词汇~ and conservation 描述性的词汇与守恒Development 发展Diachronic aspects of ～的历时性Synchronic aspects ～的同时性Dynamic factors of 发展的动力因素Necessary stages of 发展的必然阶段Speeded ~ through learning experiments 通过学习实验的发展加速Universality of operative 运算发展的普遍性Developmental constructivism 发展的建构论Developmental factors 发展的因素Dynamic 发展的动力学Interaction of ~ 发展因素的相互作用Developmental stages 发展阶段Confirmed ~ 发展阶段的确定~ leading to conservation of continuous quantities 导致连续量守恒的发展阶段Diachronic study 历时的研究Diachrony 历时性,历时分析Dialectical spiral 辨证的螺旋Dialectics 辩证法Dichotomy 二分任务Experiments for ~ 二分任务的实验Differentiated terms 分化的词汇~ and conservation 分化的词汇与守恒Discontinuity，StructuralDiscontinuous quantities 非连续量Conservation of ~ 非连续量的守恒Expressions for describing ~ 用于描述非连续量的言语表达~ and continuous quantities 非连续量的守恒与连续量的守恒training in conservation of ~ 非连续量守恒的训练chronology of acquisition of 非连续量获得的年龄Disequilibration 去平衡化Disjunction 析取Exclusive 排它的Non-exclusive 非排它的Primitive 原始的Displacement 位移~ and elongation 位移与延伸Dynamics of development 发展的动力学EEilenberg 艾林伯格Elementary number 基本数Conservation of 基本数的守恒Preliminary experiments on 关于基本数守恒的初步实验研究Training procedures 训练程序Analysis of responses 反应的分析Training sessions 训练阶段Protocols form 实验记录Complementary experiments 有关基本数的补充实验Conclusions concerning 有关基本数的结论And competence 基本数守恒与能力Factor in development 基本数守恒发展中的因素Experiments described 说明基本数守恒的实验Elongation vs. displacement 延伸与位移Embodiments，Intensional meaning of 体现，～的内涵意义Empiricism，Logical 经验论，逻辑的Contrasted with constructivism 与建构论相对立Methods of 经验主义的方法Enclosures 完备性Entailments 衍推Calculus of ～的计算Elimination of ～的消除Explicit，tautological，primitive 外显的～，冗余的～，原初的～First degree 一阶的～In normal form 标准形式的～Intensional 内涵的～Introduction ～导论Logic of(LE) ～的逻辑Not valid 无效～Semi 半～Tautological 冗余的～Transitivity of ～的传递性Valid 有效的～Environment 环境Interaction with 与环境的相互作用And competence 环境与能力Factor in development 发展中的环境因素Epigenetic system 后成（衍生）系统And learning 后成系统与学习Epistemology，Genetic 认识论，发生的Piaget’s 皮亚杰的认识论Biological approach 生物学的研究途径Interaction 相互作用Developmental constructivism 发展的建构论And learning 认识论与学习Equilibration 平衡化Mechanics of 平衡化的机制“heightening”“递进的”平衡化Equilibrium 平衡状态Levels of 平衡的水平And conflict 平衡与冲突Equivalence 等价Exclusion 排除In action 动作中～Reciprocal 互反的～Experience 经验Experimenter 主试Role of 主试的作用Explanations 解释Expressions used for 用于守恒的言语表达Of quantitative comparisons 定量比较的言语表达By conserving and unobserving children 守恒儿童与非守恒儿童所使用的言语表达Extension 外延Extensional logic 外延逻辑Extensionality 外延性FFacts 事实Fallacies of extensional logics 外延逻辑的缺陷Filiation 亲属关系Formal thought 形式思维Formal operations 形式运算Formalisms，Limitations of 形式化，形式化的局限Frames of reference 推理框架Function，Semiotic 功能，符号的Functional dependency 函数的从属性In preoperatory period 前运算时期的函数的从属性Functors 函子GGeneralization 归纳Genevan research 日内瓦研究Epistemological background of ~ 日内瓦研究的认识论背景On memory 日内瓦的记忆研究On logical empiricism 日内瓦学派论逻辑经验注意Empiricist learning experiments 经验主义的学习研究On development of concrete operations 关于具体运算发展的日内瓦研究Genotypes 基因型Going beyond 超越Group 群INRC group INRC四元群Groupings，Goupement 群集Complete hierarchical 完全层级的～Concrete operational 完全运算的～Epistemological problems of 认识论问题的～Normal 标准的～Of classes 类的～Operationally complete 运算上完全的～Operatory 运算的～HHenriques 亨里克Heredity 遗传And linguistic competence 遗传与语言能力Hemeorhesis 动态平衡Hypothetico-deductive thought 假设演绎思维IIconic representation symbolic 肖像的和（对）符号的表征Identity 同一性In preoperatory period 前运算时期的同一性Qualitative vs. quantitative 定性的同一性和（对）定量的同一性Inhelder 英海尔德Implication 蕴涵A relation between actions 动作之间的～关系Amplifying 扩大的～Conditioning 条件的～Extensional 外延的～Intentional 内涵的～Justifying 证明的～Material 实质的～Meaning 意义的～Natural 自然的Necessary 必然的Implications 蕴涵Actional 动作～Among actions 动作之间～Among operations 运算之间～Among ordinals and cardinals 基数和序数之间～Among statements 陈述之间～Amplifying 扩大的～Arithmetical 算术的～Between actions 动作之间的～Between operations 运算之间的～Between sensorimotor action 感知运动的动作之间的～Between statements 陈述之间～Causal 因果的～Conditioning 条件的～Justifying 证明的～Local 局部的～Meaning 意义的～Mutual 相互的～Natural 自然的～Necessary 必然的～Paradoxical 悖论的～Predictive 预言的～Proactive 前摄的～Reciprocally exclusive 互反地排除～Retroactive 后摄的～Retroactive 回溯的～Sensorimotor 感知运动～Structural 结构的～Systemic 系统的～Weak 弱的～Impossibility 不可能性INRC group INRC群Inclusion relation 包含关系Inclusions 包含Operatory 运算的～Quantification of 包含的定量化Sharing 共享的～Training procedure ~的训练程序Pre-test vs. post-test 前测和（对）后测Justifications 包含的证明Analysis of responses 包含的反应分析Protocols 包含实验的记录Conclusions from preliminary experiment 从包含的初步实验结果中得出的结果Compared with conservation-inclusion learning 与守恒-包含学习的比较Effect on conservation of exercises in 包含练习对守恒的影响Incompatibility 不相容Inferences 推理Coordinations of 协调～Implicative 蕴涵～Inherences 内在的～Instruments 工具（手段）～Injections 内射Integration 整合Into new structures 整合进新的结构Intelligence quotient 智商Intension and extension 内涵与外延Interactions 交Interiorization 内化Intermediate cases between levels 水平之间的中介（过渡）情形Interpretation 解释Intersection 交集Intuitive thought 直觉思维Invariance 不变形Invariants 不变量of replacement 置换不变量of transformation 转换不变量Inversion，Infralogical 反演，逻辑内的Of reversibility 可逆性的反演JJoseph 约瑟夫Justifications 证明And logical argument 证明和逻辑的论据Juxtaposition 并列KKernel，Structural 核心，结构的Kinetogenesis 运动发生说（运动起源说）Klein 克莱茵Knowledge，知识Condition for 知识的条件Objects of 知识的对象functional a priori of 认识的功能性前提LLanguage，Mediation of 语言，语言的中介Lattice 格LE（Logic of Entailment）衍推逻辑Level，水平Intermediate 中介（过渡）～Non-instrumental 非工具的～Protological 原始的～Links，联系Among propositions 命题间的～Between meanings 意义之间的～Inter-operatory 意义间的～Intra-operatory 意义内的～Logical 逻辑的～Logico-arithmetic 逻辑-数学的～Trans-operatory 超－运算～LO（Operational Logic）运算逻辑LO’（Logic of Meanings）意义逻辑Logic 逻辑Beginning of ～的开端Categorial 范畴～Epistemology of ～的认识论Extensional 外延～Foundation of ～的基础Intentional 内涵～Limitations of ～的局限Natural 自然～Of actions 动作～Of entailment（LE）衍推～Of meaning（LO’）意义～Of meaning implications 意义蕴涵～Of relevance（and necessity）（LR）相干的（必然的）～Operatory（LO），运算的逻辑Propositional 命题～Psychogenetic roots of ～的心理发生根源Roots of ～的根源Truth-functional 真价函项的～And learning 逻辑和学习Reflective abstraction basic to 作为逻辑之基础的反省抽象Class inclusion problems dependent on 依赖于逻辑的类包含问题And conservation 逻辑和守恒Logical classes 逻辑的类Logical connectives 逻辑联结词Intensional meanings of ～的内涵意义Logical empiricism 逻辑经验主义Logical inclusion 逻辑的包含And conservation of matter 逻辑的包含与物质的守恒A prerequisite for 逻辑包含的一个先决条件Logical intension and extension 逻辑内涵与外延Logical theory，Structure of 逻辑理论LR（Logic of Relevance）相干逻辑Lucacs 卢卡斯MMaclane 麦克莱恩MacLane’s “Cartesian product” 麦克莱恩的“Cartesian product”积Mapping 映射Material implication 实质蕴涵Materialism，Dialectical 唯物论，辩证～Mathematics 数学Axiomatic 公理的～Intuitive 直觉的～Maturationism 成熟论Relation of Genevan School to 日内瓦学派与成熟论的关系Confusions concerning 有关成熟论的纷争Measurement 测量And conservation of length 测量与长度守恒Constructs of 测量的建构Meanings 意义Action 动作～Arithmetical 计算的～Extension of ～的外延Formation of ～的形成Forms of ～的形式Functional 功能的～Implications of 意义的蕴涵In natural logic 自然逻辑中的～Instrumental 工具的～Local 局部的～Logic of（LO’）～的逻辑Meaning of 意义的～Of actions 动作的～Of an object 一个对象的～Of collections 集合的～Of operations 运算的～Of predicates 属性的～Structural 结构的～Systemic 系统的～Monoid 带有中性元的半群Morphisms 态射Automorphisms 自态射Endomorphisms 内态射Homomorphisms 同态intermorphisms间态射isomorphisms 同构transmorphisms 超态射Multiplicative relationship 乘法的关系NNativist theories 先天论Limitations of 先天论的局限Natural numbers 自然数Necessity 必然性Logical 逻辑的～Nearly complete 几近完全的～Negative 否定的～Pseudo 伪～Necessity and relevance 必然性与相干Negation 否定Calculus of ～的计算Conjunct 合取～Distal 远端的～Inter-object 对象内的～Partial 部分的～Proximal 近端的～Neonativism 新先天论Number as a quantity 作为量的数Number conservation 数守恒And problem of continuous quantity 数守恒与连续量的守恒问题Associated with length 数守恒与长度的联系Constructs of 数守恒的建构Numbers 数Cardinal 基～Ordinal 序～Natural 自然～Numeration，Verbal 言语计数Numerical equality as path to conservation 作为通向守恒之途径的数的相等性Numerosity 多数（量）性OObject permanence 物体稳定性Object，Formation of 对象，～的形成Objectivity 客观性Attainment of 客观性的实现（到达）Observables 可观察的One-to-one correspondence 一一对应One-way dependencies 单向的依存性As autoregulatory 作为自动调节的单向依存性Psychological mechanisms for structuration of 单向依存性构造的心理机制Confirmation of 单向依存性的确定Open systems 开放系统Operations 运算16 Binary 16种二元～Based on meanings 建立在意义基础上的～Binary 二元～Concrete 具体～Elementary 基本的（初级的）～Formal 形式～Formation of ～的形成Of addition and subtraction 加、减法的～On interrelated meanings 基于相关意义的～Ternary 三元运算Operatory grouping 运算的群集Operatory logic（LO）运算逻辑Ordination of physical actions 物质动作的序列Organizational competence 组织化的能力PPapert 巴贝尔Paradoxes，悖论（怪论）Of extensional logic 外延逻辑的～Of material implication 实质蕴涵的～Of negation 否定的～Parallelograms 平行图Partial coordination 部分的协调Partial inclusions 部分的包含Perception 知觉Permutations 排列Phenotypes 表现型Physical quantities 物理量Concepts of conservation of 物理量的守恒概念Piaget 皮亚杰On kinds of learning ~ 论学习的种类Epistemology of ~ 皮亚杰的认识论On memory ~论记忆On competence ~论能力On developmental constructivism ~论发展的建构论On autoregulatory mechanisms ~论自动调节机制On the method of clinical exploration ~论临床探索（研究）方法On conservation ~论守恒On semilogical systems ~论半逻辑系统On recurrence ~论重复On number ~论数On measurement ~论测量Interdisciplinary approach of ~的跨学科研究方法On causality 皮亚杰论因果性Equilibration model 平衡化模型Possibilities 可能性Predicates 属性Absolute 配对的～Coupled 成对的～Meaning of ～的意义Relativized 相对化的～Preconcepts 前概念Integration of ~的整合Preoperations 前运算Preoperatory period 前运算时期Prediction 预期Function of errors in 预期中的错误的功能Prestructures 前结构Existence of 前结构的存在Pre-tests and post-tests 前测和后测Relationship between 前测和后测的关系Problems to be solved 有待解决的问题Developmental links between concepts 概念之间的发展联系Connections between cognitive constructions 认知建构之间的联系Dynamic factors of development 发展的动力因素Interaction of developmental factors 发展因素的相互作用Processes 过程Organizing 组织化的～Self-Organizing 自组织～Programmed learning 程序学习Dynamic conflict excluded by 程序学习排除的动力冲突Progress 进步（发展）Dynamic processes of 进步（发展）的动力过程Propositions，Extensional 命题，外延的～Protologic 原始逻辑（前逻辑）Psycholinguistics 心理语言学And developmental constructivism 心理语言学与发展的建构论Psychological links between concepts 概念之间的心理联系Psychological regulatory mechanisms 心理调节机制Related to biological 与生物调节的联系And structuration of operatory systems 心理调节机制与运算系统的构造QQualitative identity 定性的同一性Quantification 量化Cardinal 基数的～Intensive 包含的～Ordinal 序数的～Intension vs. extension in 定量化中的内涵和（对）外延Arithmetical vs. physical 算术的（计算的）定量化和（对）物理的定量化Quantification of inclusion 包含的定量化Counting method 计数（数数）方法Spatial evaluation 空间的评估Substitution strategy 替换策略Experiments described 说明包含定量化的实验Quantitative comparison 定量的比较Experiment on use of expressions for 用于定量比较的言语表达的实验Learning study of 定量比较的学习实验Quantities，physical：concepts of 量，物理量，物理量的概念Conservation of 物理量的守恒Continuous vs. discontinuous 连续量和（对）不连续量Quantum mechanics 量子力学Quotity 概估（括）量Related to counting ~与计数的关系And numerical correspondence ~与数的对应And logical inclusion ~与逻辑包含RReactions，反应Operatory 运算的～Preoperatory 前运算的～Reality 现实Reasoning，Hypothetical-deductive 推理，假设－演绎～Reasons 推理Reasoning 推理Biological approach to 推理的生物学研究方法Reciprocity 互反性Reconstitutions 重构And reversibility 重构与可逆性Interiorized 内化的重构Reconstruction，Rational 重构，理性的～Recurrence 重复Recursivity 循环性Re-equilibration 再平衡化Referents of statements 陈述的参照Reflective abstraction 反省抽象Regularity 调节Regularity mechanisms 调节机制As equilibrating factor 作为平衡化因素的调节机制Role of 调节机制的作用Reiteration 重述Relations 关系Among actions and operations 动作和运算之间的～Between meanings 意义之间的～Causa 因果～Dialectical 辩证的～Implicative 蕴涵的～Inherence 内在的（本质的）Innate 先天的～Intra-objective 对象内的～Logical 逻辑的～Neighboring 邻近的～Of implication 蕴涵的～Quantitative 定量的～Resemblance and difference 相似的和差异的～Spatial 空间的～Within an object 一个对象内的～Relationships，Causal 关系，因果的～Relevance 相干Relevance and necessity，Logic of（LR）相干和必然～Repeated step 重复的步骤Repetition 重复Replacement, see also Invariants of replacement 置换参见置换不变量Reversibility 可逆性Forms of 可逆性的形式Empirical vs. logical 经验的可逆性和（对）逻辑的可逆性And reconstitution 可逆性与重构In problems of subclass 子类问题中的可逆性Ring 环Robbins 罗宾斯SSamuel’s “universal arrow”撒缪尔“泛箭矢”Schemes，格式Action 动作～Assimilation 同化的～Attributions of ～的归属Coordination of 协调的～Definition of ～的意义Relational 关系的～Schemes in knowing 认知活动中的格式Scientific concepts 科学概念Operations underlying 作为科学概念基础的运算Self-organization 自组织化～Semilogical systems 半逻辑系统Operations underlying 作为科学概念基础的运算One-way mapping as 作为半逻辑系统的单向映射Semiotic function 符号功能Seriation 系列化Modifications in ～的改变Set of all subsets of a given set 一个给定集合的Similarity 相似性Simply abstraction 简单抽象Simultaneity 同时性Sinclair 辛克莱Sixteen binary operations 所有子集的集合Spatial correspondence 空间的对应Spatial evaluation 空间的评估As strategy 作为策略的空间评估Stages 阶段，见对应Piagetian 皮亚杰的～Theory of ～的理论Transition ～的过渡State 状态Steady state 稳定态Stimulus-response theories 刺激-反应理论Limitations of 刺激-反应理论的局限Structures 结构Categorical 范畴结构existence of 范畴结构的存在forms of 结构形式Logical 逻辑的～Operatory 操作型结构Role of logical 逻辑～的作用The filiation of ～的关系Topological 拓扑结构Transformation of ～的转换Subclass 亚（子）类Subject，Knowing 主体，认识的～Substitution 替换As strategy 作为策略的替换Substitution, complementary 补偿性替代Successions 连续性Surjections 满射Syllogism，Disjunctive 三段论，析取的～Symmetry 对称Synchrony 同时性Systems 系统Biological 生物的～Cognitive 认知的～Formal 形式的～Open 开放的～Self-organizing 自组织的～TTautology 冗余的Tools 工具Assimilatory 同化的～Topology 拓扑学And idea of space 拓扑学与空间概念Training procedures for conservation 守恒的训练程序And reflective abstraction ~与反省抽象To reveal models of transition 揭示过渡模式的~Construction of ~的建构Of discontinuous quantities 非连续量守恒的训练程序Of continuous quantities 连续量守恒的训练程序Categories of subjects 被试的类别Quantification of inclusion problem 包含定量化的问题Analysis of response 守恒训练程度反应的分析Transfer 迁移Transference 转换Transitivity 传递性Transformation 转换Categorical 范畴的转换Material 物理的转换Morphismic 态射型转换Operatory 操作型转换reversal with correspondence 对应中转换的逆Transition 过渡Transitional cases 过渡的情形Transitivity 传递性Tree structure 树状结构Displacements in a ～式的位移Truth 真值Functions ～函项Necessary 必然的～Table ～表Values ～的值Two-part structures 两部分结构Use of ~的运用UUndifferentiated terms 未分化词汇And conservation ~与守恒Unpredictability 不可预见性VValidity，Necessary 效度，必然的～Venn diagrams 文氏图Verbal training 言语训练And conservation ~与守恒Procedure ~程序Analysis of responses ~中反应的分析V olume 容积Conservation of ~ 容积的守恒WWeight 重量Conservation of 重量守恒Transitivity of 重量的传递性Experiments for 重量守恒的实验Wertheimer 惠特海默Wittman 惠特曼。