(完整版)年产30万吨合成氨合成工段工艺设计毕业论文
产30万吨合成氨工艺设计
毕业设计题目名称：年产30万吨合成氨转变工序设计系别：化学工程系专业：应用化学班级：06101学生：学号：指导教师（职称）：（教授）摘要氨是重要的基础化工产品之一，在国民经济中占有重要地位。
合成氨生产经过多年的发展，现已发展成为一种成熟的化工生产工艺。
本设计是以天然气为原料年产三十万吨合成氨转变工序的设计。
近年来合成氨工业发展很快，大型化、低能耗、清洁生产均是合成氨设备发展的主流，技术改进主要方向是开发性能更好的催化剂、降低氨合成压力、开发新的原料气净化方法、降低燃料消耗、回收和合理利用低位热能等方面上。
设计采用的工艺流程简介：天然气经过脱硫压缩进入一段转化炉，把CH4和烃类转化成H2，再经过二段炉进一步转化后换热进入高变炉，在催化剂作用下大部分CO和水蒸气反应获H2和CO2，再经过低变炉使CO降到合格水平，去甲烷化工序。
本设计综述部分主要阐述了国内外合成氨工业的现状及发展趋势以及工艺流程、参数的确定和选择，论述了建厂的选址；介绍了氨变换工序的各种流程并确定本设计高-低变串联的流程。
工艺计算部分主要包括转化段和变换段的物料衡算、热量衡算、平衡温距及空速计算。
设备计算部分主要是高变炉催化剂用量的具体计算，并根据设计任务做了转化和变换工序带控制点的工艺流程图。
本设计的优点在于选择较为良好的厂址和原料路线，确定良好的工艺条件、合理的催化剂和能源综合利用。
另外，就是尽量减少设备投资费用。
关键字：合成氨；天然气；转化；变换；AbstractAmmonia is the most important one of basic chemical products, plays an important role in the national economy. Ammonia production after years of development, now has developed into a mature chemical production processes.The design is based on annual output of 300,000 tons of natural gas as raw material, the design of synthetic ammonia transformation process. In recent years, the large-scale industrial development soon ammonia, low energy consumption, the clean production of synthetic ammonia equipment development are the main direction of technical improvement, is to develop better performance of catalyst, reducing ammonia synthesis pressure, the development of new materials gas purification methods, reduce fuel consumption, low heat recovery and reasonable utilization, etc.The design process used in brief are: compressed natural gas after desulfurization and conversion into a furnace, the methane and hydrocarbons into hydrogen, through the Secondary reformer further transformed into the highly variable furnace heat exchanger, the great catalyst part of the reaction of carbon monoxide and hydrogen and carbon dioxide vapor, then through the low-temperature shift to reduce to an acceptable level of carbon monoxide to methanation process.The design review described some of the major domestic and international situation and the development of synthetic ammonia industry trends and technological process, parameter identification and selection, discusses the plant's location; introduced the transformation process of the various processes and determine the design of high temperature shift and low temperature Transformation series of the process. Calculation of some of the major transformation process, including segment and transform section material balance, heat balance, equilibrium temperature and airspeed calculation. Calculation of some of the major equipment is a high temperature shift catalyst of specific terms, and according to the design task to do the conversion and transformation process flow chart with control points.Advantage of this design is to choose a better site and raw materials line to determine the good conditions, reasonable catalyst and energy utilization. In addition, investment in equipment designed to minimize costs. Keywords: ammonia; natural gas; transformation; transformation；目录摘要.................................................................................................................. I Abstract ..........................................................................................................II 目录............................................................................................................... IV 1 综述 ........................................................................................................ - 1 -1.1 氨的性质、用途及重要性.................................................................... - 1 -1.1.1 氨的性质 ................................................................................. - 1 -1.1.2 氨的用途及在国民生产中的作用.................................................. - 1 -1.2 合成氨生产技术的发展....................................................................... - 2 -1.2.1世界合成氨技术的发展 ............................................................... - 2 -1.2.2中国合成氨工业的发展概况......................................................... - 4 -1.3合成氨转变工序的工艺原理 ................................................................. - 6 -1.3.1 合成氨的典型工艺流程介绍 ........................................................ - 6 -1.3.2 合成氨转化工序的工艺原理 ........................................................ - 8 -1.3.3合成氨变换工序的工艺原理......................................................... - 8 -1.4 设计方案的确定 ................................................................................ - 9 -1.4.1 原料的选择.............................................................................. - 9 -1.4.2 工艺流程的选择........................................................................ - 9 -1.4.3 工艺参数的确定...................................................................... - 10 -1.4.4 工厂的选址............................................................................ - 11 -2 设计工艺计算.......................................................................................... - 13 -2.1 转化段物料衡算 .............................................................................. - 13 -2.1.1 一段转化炉的物料衡算 ............................................................ - 14 -2.1.2 二段转化炉的物料衡算 ............................................................ - 17 -2.2 转化段热量衡算 .............................................................................. - 20 -2.2.1 一段炉辐射段热量衡算 ............................................................ - 20 -2.2.2 二段炉的热量衡算................................................................... - 27 -2.2.3 换热器101-C、102-C的热量衡算 ........................................... - 28 -2.3 变换段的衡算 ................................................................................. - 30 -2.3.1 高温变换炉的衡算................................................................... - 30 -2.3.2 低温变换炉的衡算................................................................... - 32 -2.4 换热器103-C及换热器104-C的热负荷计算...................................... - 35 -2.4.1 换热器103-C热负荷.............................................................. - 35 -2.4.2 换热器104-C热负荷.............................................................. - 35 -2.5 设备工艺计算 ................................................................................. - 36 -参考文献.................................................................................................... - 40 -致谢.......................................................................................................... - 41 -附录.......................................................................................................... - 42 -1 综述1.1 氨的性质、用途及重要性1.1.1 氨的性质氨分子式为NH3，在标准状态下是无色气体，比空气轻，具有特殊的刺激性臭味。
年产30万吨合成氨脱碳工段工艺设计
（签字）
年月日
注：本表可根据内容续页。
六．进度安排及参考文献
1．进度安排
2013.10-------2013.12工厂实习，采集数据
2014.2.23-------2014.3.08查阅文献，选定脱碳工艺方案，准备开题
2014.3.10-------2014.4.10脱碳工段主要装置工艺计算
2014.4.10-------2014.5.10绘制脱碳塔、脱水塔、氨冷器设备图，脱碳工段工艺流程图，脱碳工段车间平面图
电耗×10-6／KJ
1.302
1.1
1．016
冷却水／m3
15
80
70
综合能耗×10-6／KJ
2.725
5.233
4.186
①注：以氨计。
4．NHD脱Βιβλιοθήκη 脱碳技术通过比较，我选择的是NHD脱硫脱碳技术，它是一种新型的低能净化工艺。NHD溶剂的主要成分为聚乙二醇二甲醚的混合物，属于物理吸收溶剂.该工艺适用于天然气为原料的氨厂，也可用于以煤为原料，硫化物和二氧化碳含量较高的氨合成气、甲醇合成气等气体的净化。其优点有：吸收气体能力强、净化度高。溶剂的化学稳定性和热稳定性好，不氧化、不降解、不起泡，溶剂蒸汽压极低，使用过程中挥发损失少，运行中不需添加消泡剂、活化剂，生产运行稳定，操作方便，且运行及维修费低。NHD溶液无毒、挥发少、对环境无污染。溶剂无腐蚀性，吸收能力强。
四．在毕业设计中我要完成的任务
1.绘制脱碳塔氨冷气、脱水塔设备装配图、NHD脱碳系统带控制点流程图、脱碳车间平面布置图
2.对主要设备作物料衡算和热量衡算
五．本课题的研究目标和意义
通过对本课题的研究，对现在生产过程中的各种脱碳方法的研究和比较，对脱碳工段各个单元生产指标的计算和对比，可以对以往所学的专业知识进行全方位的巩固和梳理，将所学到的理论知识完全应用到生产实践上。本课题的目的是为了寻找出一套合理的脱碳工艺，以获得较高纯度的净化气，提高二氧化碳的回收率，简化合成氨脱碳流程，降低生产能耗，达到生产的较高经济效益指标。
【毕业设计】年产30万吨合成氨工艺设计
毕业设计题目名称：年产30万吨合成氨转变工序设计系别：化学工程系专业：应用化学班级： 06101学生：学号：指导教师（职称）：（教授）摘要氨是重要的基础化工产品之一，在国民经济中占有重要地位。
合成氨生产经过多年的发展，现已发展成为一种成熟的化工生产工艺。
本设计是以天然气为原料年产三十万吨合成氨转变工序的设计。
近年来合成氨工业发展很快，大型化、低能耗、清洁生产均是合成氨设备发展的主流，技术改进主要方向是开发性能更好的催化剂、降低氨合成压力、开发新的原料气净化方法、降低燃料消耗、回收和合理利用低位热能等方面上。
设计采用的工艺流程简介：天然气经过脱硫压缩进入一段转化炉，把CH4和烃类转化成H2，再经过二段炉进一步转化后换热进入高变炉，在催化剂作用下大部分CO和水蒸气反应获H2和CO2，再经过低变炉使CO降到合格水平，去甲烷化工序。
本设计综述部分主要阐述了国内外合成氨工业的现状及发展趋势以及工艺流程、参数的确定和选择，论述了建厂的选址；介绍了氨变换工序的各种流程并确定本设计高-低变串联的流程。
工艺计算部分主要包括转化段和变换段的物料衡算、热量衡算、平衡温距及空速计算。
设备计算部分主要是高变炉催化剂用量的具体计算，并根据设计任务做了转化和变换工序带控制点的工艺流程图。
本设计的优点在于选择较为良好的厂址和原料路线，确定良好的工艺条件、合理的催化剂和能源综合利用。
另外，就是尽量减少设备投资费用。
关键字：合成氨；天然气；转化；变换；AbstractAmmonia is the most important one of basic chemical products, plays an important role in the national economy. Ammonia production after years of development, now has developed into a mature chemical production processes. The design is based on annual output of 300,000 tons of natural gas as raw material, the design of synthetic ammonia transformation process. In recent years, the large-scale industrial development soon ammonia, low energy consumption, the clean production of synthetic ammonia equipment development are the main direction of technical improvement, is to develop better performance of catalyst, reducing ammonia synthesis pressure, the development of new materials gas purification methods, reduce fuel consumption, low heat recovery and reasonable utilization, etc.The design process used in brief are: compressed natural gas afterdesulfurization and conversion into a furnace, the methane and hydrocarbons into hydrogen, through the Secondary reformer further transformed into the highly variable furnace heat exchanger, the great catalyst part of the reaction of carbon monoxide and hydrogen and carbon dioxide vapor, then through the low-temperature shift to reduce to an acceptable level of carbon monoxide to methanation process. The design review described some of the major domestic and international situation and the development of synthetic ammonia industry trends and technological process, parameter identification and selection, discusses the plant's location; introduced the transformation process of the various processes and determine the design of high temperature shift and low temperature Transformation series of the process. Calculation of some of the major transformation process, including segment and transform section material balance, heat balance, equilibrium temperature and airspeed calculation. Calculation of some of the major equipment is a high temperature shift catalyst of specific terms, and according to the design task to do the conversion and transformation process flow chart with control points.Advantage of this design is to choose a better site and raw materials line to determine the good conditions, reasonable catalyst and energy utilization. In addition, investment in equipment designed to minimize costs.Keywords: ammonia; natural gas; transformation; transformation；目录摘要 (I)Abstract (II)目录 (IV)1 综述.................................................................. - 1 -1.1 氨的性质、用途及重要性.......................................... - 1 -1.1.1 氨的性质................................................... - 1 -1.1.2 氨的用途及在国民生产中的作用............................... - 1 -1.2 合成氨生产技术的发展............................................ - 2 -1.2.1世界合成氨技术的发展....................................... - 2 -1.2.2中国合成氨工业的发展概况................................... - 5 -1.3合成氨转变工序的工艺原理......................................... - 6 -1.3.1 合成氨的典型工艺流程介绍................................... - 6 -1.3.2 合成氨转化工序的工艺原理................................... - 8 -1.3.3合成氨变换工序的工艺原理................................... - 8 -1.4 设计方案的确定.................................................. - 9 -1.4.1 原料的选择................................................. - 9 -1.4.2 工艺流程的选择............................................ - 10 -1.4.3 工艺参数的确定............................................ - 10 -1.4.4 工厂的选址................................................ - 11 -2 设计工艺计算......................................................... - 13 -2.1 转化段物料衡算................................................. - 13 -2.1.1 一段转化炉的物料衡算...................................... - 14 -2.1.2 二段转化炉的物料衡算...................................... - 17 -2.2 转化段热量衡算................................................. - 20 -2.2.1 一段炉辐射段热量衡算...................................... - 20 -2.2.2 二段炉的热量衡算.......................................... - 27 -2.2.3 换热器101-C、102-C的热量衡算............................. - 28 -2.3 变换段的衡算................................................... - 30 -2.3.1 高温变换炉的衡算.......................................... - 30 -2.3.2 低温变换炉的衡算.......................................... - 32 -2.4 换热器103-C及换热器104-C的热负荷计算......................... - 35 -2.4.1 换热器103-C热负荷........................................ - 35 -2.4.2 换热器104-C热负荷........................................ - 35 -2.5 设备工艺计算................................................... - 36 -参考文献............................................................... - 40 -致谢................................................................... - 41 -附录................................................................... - 41 -1 综述1.1 氨的性质、用途及重要性1.1.1 氨的性质氨分子式为NH，在标准状态下是无色气体，比空气轻，具有特殊的刺激性臭味。
(完整版)年产30万吨合成氨合成工段工艺设计毕业论文
年产30万吨合成氨合成工段工艺设计目录摘要 .......................................................................................................................................... Abstract ..................................................................................................................................引言......................................................................................................................................第一章合成氨综述............................................................................................................1.1 氨的用途....................................................................................................................................1.2 氨的性质....................................................................................................................................1.2.1 氨的物理性质 .......................................................................................................................1.2.2 氨的化学性质 .......................................................................................................................1.3 合成氨的生产方法 .................................................................................................................1.4 合成工艺条件的选择.............................................................................................................1.4.1操作压力.................................................................................................................................1.4.2 反应温度 ................................................................................................................................1.4.3空速..........................................................................................................................................1.4.4合成塔进口气体组成..........................................................................................................1.5 合成氨工业的发展 .................................................................................................................第二章合成工段工艺简介..............................................................................................2.1 合成工段工艺流程简述 ............................................................................................2.2 工艺流程方框简图 ....................................................................................................2.3 设备简述.....................................................................................................................2.3.1 氨合成塔..................................................................................................................2.3.3 冷交换器..................................................................................................................2.3.4 氨冷器......................................................................................................................第三章工艺设计计算 .......................................................................................................3.1 设计要求.....................................................................................................................3.2 工艺流程图.................................................................................................................3.3 物料计算.....................................................................................................................3.3.1合成塔入口气体组分 ..............................................................................................3.3.2 合成塔出口气体组分 .............................................................................................3.3.3 合成率......................................................................................................................3.3.4 氨分离器气液平衡计算 .........................................................................................3.3.5 冷交换器气液平衡计算 .........................................................................................3.3.6 液氨储槽气液平衡计算 .........................................................................................3.3.7 液氨储槽物料计算 .................................................................................................3.3.8 合成系统物料计算 .................................................................................................3.3.9 合成塔物料计算 .....................................................................................................3.3.10 水冷器物料计算 ...................................................................................................3.3.11 氨分离器物料计算................................................................................................3.3.12 冷交换器物料计算 ...............................................................................................3.3.13 氨冷器的物料计算 ...............................................................................................3.3.14 冷交换器物料计算 ...............................................................................................3.3.15 液氨贮槽物料计算 ...............................................................................................3.4 热量衡算.....................................................................................................................3.4.2 氨冷凝器热量计算 .................................................................................................3.4.3 循环机热量计算 .....................................................................................................3.4.4 合成塔热量衡算 .....................................................................................................3.4.5 废热锅炉热量计算： .............................................................................................3.4.6 热交换器热量计算 .................................................................................................3.4.7 水冷器热量衡算： .................................................................................................3.4.8 氨分离器热量衡算： .............................................................................................第四章设备的选型与计算..............................................................................................4.1 设备选型.....................................................................................................................4.1.1 设备简述..................................................................................................................4.1.2 流程说明..................................................................................................................4.2 合成塔设计.................................................................................................................4.2.1 合成塔筒体设计 .....................................................................................................4.2.2 催化剂层设计 .........................................................................................................4.2.3 下换热器..................................................................................................................4.2.4 层间换热器..............................................................................................................4.3 辅助设备选型 ............................................................................................................4.3.1 废热锅炉..................................................................................................................4.3.2 热交换器..................................................................................................................4.3.3 水冷器......................................................................................................................4.3.4 冷交换器..................................................................................................................4.3.5 氨冷器I ...................................................................................................................结论......................................................................................................................................致谢......................................................................................................................................参考文献.................................................................................................................................附录......................................................................................................................................年产30万吨合成氨合成工段工艺设计摘要：氨是一种重要的化工产品，在国民经济中有重要的作用。
年产30万吨合成氨工艺设计毕业论文
年产30万吨合成氨工艺设计毕业论文目录摘要 (I)Abstract (II) (IV)1 综述.................................................................. - 1 -1.1 氨的性质、用途及重要性.......................................... - 1 -1.1.1 氨的性质................................................... - 1 -1.1.2 氨的用途及在国民生产中的作用............................... - 1 -1.2 合成氨生产技术的发展............................................ - 2 -1.2.1世界合成氨技术的发展....................................... - 2 -1.2.2中国合成氨工业的发展概况................................... - 4 -1.3合成氨转变工序的工艺原理......................................... - 6 -1.3.1 合成氨的典型工艺流程介绍................................... - 6 -1.3.2 合成氨转化工序的工艺原理................................... - 8 -1.3.3合成氨变换工序的工艺原理................................... - 8 -1.4 设计方案的确定.................................................. - 9 -1.4.1 原料的选择................................................. - 9 -1.4.2 工艺流程的选择............................................. - 9 -1.4.3 工艺参数的确定............................................ - 10 -1.4.4 工厂的选址................................................ - 11 -2 设计工艺计算......................................................... - 13 -2.1 转化段物料衡算................................................. - 13 -2.1.1 一段转化炉的物料衡算...................................... - 14 -2.1.2 二段转化炉的物料衡算...................................... - 17 -2.2 转化段热量衡算................................................. - 20 -2.2.1 一段炉辐射段热量衡算...................................... - 20 -2.2.2 二段炉的热量衡算.......................................... - 27 -2.2.3 换热器101-C、102-C的热量衡算............................. - 28 -2.3 变换段的衡算................................................... - 30 -2.3.1 高温变换炉的衡算.......................................... - 30 -2.3.2 低温变换炉的衡算.......................................... - 32 -2.4 换热器103-C及换热器104-C的热负荷计算......................... - 35 -2.4.1 换热器103-C热负荷........................................ - 35 -2.4.2 换热器104-C热负荷........................................ - 35 -2.5 设备工艺计算................................................... - 36 -参考文献............................................................... - 40 -致谢................................................................... - 41 -附录................................................................... - 42 -1 综述1.1 氨的性质、用途及重要性1.1.1 氨的性质氨分子式为NH3，在标准状态下是无色气体，比空气轻，具有特殊的刺激性臭味。
年产30万吨合成氨基础工艺设计
毕业设计题目名称: 年产30万吨合成氨转变工序设计系别: 化学工程系专业: 应用化学班级: 06101 学生: 学号: 指导老师（职称）: （教授）摘要氨是关键基础化工产品之一, 在国民经济中占相关键地位。
合成氨生产经过多年发展, 现已发展成为一个成熟化工生产工艺。
本设计是以天然气为原料年产三十万吨合成氨转变工序设计。
多年来合成氨工业发展很快, 大型化、低能耗、清洁生产均是合成氨设备发展主流, 技术改善关键方向是开发性能愈加好催化剂、降低氨合成压力、开发新原料气净化方法、降低燃料消耗、回收和合理利用低位热能等方面上。
设计采取工艺步骤介绍: 天然气经过脱硫压缩进入一段转化炉, 把CH4和烃类转化成H2, 再经过二段炉深入转化后换热进入高变炉, 在催化剂作用下大部分CO和水蒸气反应获H2和CO2, 再经过低变炉使CO降到合格水平, 去甲烷化工序。
本设计综述部分关键叙述了中国外合成氨工业现实状况及发展趋势以及工艺步骤、参数确定和选择, 叙述了建厂选址; 介绍了氨变换工序多种步骤并确定本设计高-低变串联步骤。
工艺计算部分关键包含转化段和变换段物料衡算、热量衡算、平衡温距及空速计算。
设备计算部分关键是高变炉催化剂用量具体计算, 并依据设计任务做了转化和变换工序带控制点工艺步骤图。
本设计优点在于选择较为良好厂址和原料路线, 确定良好工艺条件、合理催化剂和能源综合利用。
另外, 就是尽可能降低设备投资费用。
关键字: 合成氨; 天然气; 转化; 变换;AbstractAmmonia is the most important one of basic chemical products, plays an important role in the national economy. Ammonia production after years of development, now has developed into a mature chemical production processes.The design is based on annual output of 300,000 tons of natural gas as raw material, the design of synthetic ammonia transformation process. In recent years, the large-scale industrial development soon ammonia, low energy consumption, the clean production of synthetic ammonia equipment development are the main direction of technical improvement, is to develop better performance of catalyst, reducing ammonia synthesis pressure, the development of new materials gas purification methods, reduce fuel consumption, low heat recovery and reasonable utilization, etc.The design process used in brief are: compressed natural gas after desulfurization and conversion into a furnace, the methane and hydrocarbons into hydrogen, through the Secondary reformer further transformed into the highly variable furnace heat exchanger, the great catalyst part of the reaction of carbon monoxide and hydrogen and carbon dioxide vapor, then through the low-temperature shift to reduce to an acceptable level of carbon monoxide to methanation process. The design review described some of the major domestic and international situation and the development of synthetic ammonia industry trends and technological process, parameter identification and selection, discusses the plant's location; introduced the transformation process of the various processes and determine the design of high temperature shift and low temperature Transformation series of the process. Calculation of some of the major transformation process, including segment and transform section material balance,heat balance, equilibrium temperature and airspeed calculation. Calculation of some of the major equipment is a high temperature shift catalyst of specific terms, and according to the design task to do the conversion and transformation process flow chart with control points.Advantage of this design is to choose a better site and raw materials line to determine the good conditions, reasonable catalyst and energy utilization. In addition, investment in equipment designed to minimize costs.Keywords: ammonia; natural gas; transformation; transformation;目录摘要........................................................ 错误!未定义书签。
年产三十万吨合成氨合成工段任务书
题目：
年产30万吨合成氨合成工段工艺设计
学院
化学与材料工程学院
专 业
煤炭利用与深加工
班 级
1013101
学 号
101310127
学生姓名
庞雷
指导教师
赵海鹏
发放日期
2013.4.1
河南城建学院毕业设计（论文）任务书
一、主要任务与目标：
设计任务：合成氨厂合成工段的工艺设计
设计题目：年产30万吨合成氨合成工段的工艺设计
指导教师意见：
（建议就任务书的规范性；任务书主要内容和基本要求的明确具体性；任务书计划进度的合理性；提供的参考文献数量等方面写出意见。）
指导教师签名：
年月日
教研室审核意见：
教研室主任签名：
年月日
注：任务书必须由指导教师和学生互相交流后，由指导老师下达并交教研室主任审核后发给学生，最后同学生毕业论文等其它材料一起存档。
5、工艺流程图绘制
以单线图的形式绘制，表出主题设备和辅助设备的物料流向、物流量、能量流量和主要工艺参数测量点和控制点（即带控制点的工艺流程图）。
6、主要设备结构图的绘制
7、编写设计说明书：对工段概况的说明，流程叙述，设计特点，主要设备选型或计算说明，生产制度，并列表说明原材料与产品技术规格。
基本要求
设计条件:
新鲜氮氢气组成
组分
H2
N2
CH4
Ar
合计
体积％
73.16
25.17
1.29
0.38
100
新鲜气体温度：35℃
合成操作压力：30
水冷却器的冷却水温：25℃
气体部位的温度和压力自定
设计目标：
合成氨毕业设计论文
合成氨毕业设计论文【篇一：毕业论文合成氨】目录前言 (2)第一章总论 (3)1.1生产方法论述 (4)1.2氨合成催化剂的使用 (5)第二章氨合成工艺 (5)2.1氨合成工艺流程叙述 (5)2.2主要设备特点 (6)2.2.1氨合成塔(r1801) (7)第三章冷冻工艺流程说明 (8)3.1冷冻工艺流程叙述及简图 (9)第四章自动控制 (10)4.1控制原则 (10)4.2 仪表选型 (10)第五章安全技术与节能 (11)5.1 生产性质及消防措施 (11)5.1.1生产性质 (11)5.1.2消防措施 (11)5.2节能措施 (12)参考文献 (13)致谢 (14)前言在常温常压下，氨是有强烈刺激臭味的无色气体，氨有毒，且易燃易爆，空气中含氨0.5％，在很短时间内即能使人窒息而死，含氨0.2％，在几秒钟内灼烧皮肤起泡，含氨0.07％，即会损伤眼睛。
氨的燃点150℃，在空气中的爆炸范围为16％～25％（体积）。
在标准状态下氨的密度0.771克/升，沸点－33.35℃，熔点（三相点）－77.75℃，气态氨加热到132.4℃以上时，在任何压力下都不会变成液态，此温度称为氨的临界温度。
氨极易溶于水，在常温常压下1升水约可溶解700升氨，氨溶于水时放出大量的热氨易与许多物质发生反应，例如：在催化剂的作用下能与氧反应生成no与co2反应生成氨基甲酸铵，然后脱水生成尿素。
4nh3?5o2?4no?6h2o2nh3?co2?nh4coonh2 （氨基甲酸铵）nh4coonh2?co(nh2)2?h2o氨还可与一些无机酸（如硫酸、硝酸、磷酸）反应，生成硫酸铵、硝酸铵、磷酸铵等。
除了化肥工业以外，氨在工业上主要用来制造炸药和化学纤维及塑料。
氨还可以用作制冷剂，在冶金工业中用来提炼矿石中的铜、镍等金属，在医药工业中用做生产磺胺类药物、维生素、蛋氨酸和其他氨基酸等。
氨是在1754年由普利斯特里（priestly）加热氯化铵与石灰而制得。
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年产30万吨合成氨合成工段工艺设计目录摘要 .......................................................................................................................................... Abstract ..................................................................................................................................引言......................................................................................................................................第一章合成氨综述............................................................................................................1.1 氨的用途....................................................................................................................................1.2 氨的性质....................................................................................................................................1.2.1 氨的物理性质 .......................................................................................................................1.2.2 氨的化学性质 .......................................................................................................................1.3 合成氨的生产方法 .................................................................................................................1.4 合成工艺条件的选择.............................................................................................................1.4.1操作压力.................................................................................................................................1.4.2 反应温度 ................................................................................................................................1.4.3空速..........................................................................................................................................1.4.4合成塔进口气体组成..........................................................................................................1.5 合成氨工业的发展 .................................................................................................................第二章合成工段工艺简介..............................................................................................2.1 合成工段工艺流程简述 ............................................................................................2.2 工艺流程方框简图 ....................................................................................................2.3 设备简述.....................................................................................................................2.3.1 氨合成塔..................................................................................................................2.3.3 冷交换器..................................................................................................................2.3.4 氨冷器......................................................................................................................第三章工艺设计计算 .......................................................................................................3.1 设计要求.....................................................................................................................3.2 工艺流程图.................................................................................................................3.3 物料计算.....................................................................................................................3.3.1合成塔入口气体组分 ..............................................................................................3.3.2 合成塔出口气体组分 .............................................................................................3.3.3 合成率......................................................................................................................3.3.4 氨分离器气液平衡计算 .........................................................................................3.3.5 冷交换器气液平衡计算 .........................................................................................3.3.6 液氨储槽气液平衡计算 .........................................................................................3.3.7 液氨储槽物料计算 .................................................................................................3.3.8 合成系统物料计算 .................................................................................................3.3.9 合成塔物料计算 .....................................................................................................3.3.10 水冷器物料计算 ...................................................................................................3.3.11 氨分离器物料计算................................................................................................3.3.12 冷交换器物料计算 ...............................................................................................3.3.13 氨冷器的物料计算 ...............................................................................................3.3.14 冷交换器物料计算 ...............................................................................................3.3.15 液氨贮槽物料计算 ...............................................................................................3.4 热量衡算.....................................................................................................................3.4.2 氨冷凝器热量计算 .................................................................................................3.4.3 循环机热量计算 .....................................................................................................3.4.4 合成塔热量衡算 .....................................................................................................3.4.5 废热锅炉热量计算： .............................................................................................3.4.6 热交换器热量计算 .................................................................................................3.4.7 水冷器热量衡算： .................................................................................................3.4.8 氨分离器热量衡算： .............................................................................................第四章设备的选型与计算..............................................................................................4.1 设备选型.....................................................................................................................4.1.1 设备简述..................................................................................................................4.1.2 流程说明..................................................................................................................4.2 合成塔设计.................................................................................................................4.2.1 合成塔筒体设计 .....................................................................................................4.2.2 催化剂层设计 .........................................................................................................4.2.3 下换热器..................................................................................................................4.2.4 层间换热器..............................................................................................................4.3 辅助设备选型 ............................................................................................................4.3.1 废热锅炉..................................................................................................................4.3.2 热交换器..................................................................................................................4.3.3 水冷器......................................................................................................................4.3.4 冷交换器..................................................................................................................4.3.5 氨冷器I ...................................................................................................................结论......................................................................................................................................致谢......................................................................................................................................参考文献.................................................................................................................................附录......................................................................................................................................年产30万吨合成氨合成工段工艺设计摘要：氨是一种重要的化工产品，在国民经济中有重要的作用。