无名的裘德读书报告(英文版)
全英文读书报告《无名的裘德》
Reading Report on Jude the ObscureI. Author: Thomas Hardy1. His LifeThomas Hardy, (2 June 1840 – 11 January 1928) is an English poet and regional novelist, whose works depict the county "Wessex", named after the ancient kingdom of Alfred the Great. Hardy's career as writer spanned over fifty years. His earliest books appeared when Anthony Trollope (1815-82) wrote his Palliser series, and he published poetry in the decade of T.S. Eliot's The Waste Land. Hardy's work reflected his stoical pessimism and sense of tragedy in human life.Hardy was born in Upper Bockhampton, a hamlet in the parish of Stinsford to the east of Dorchester in Dorset, England in 1840. His father Thomas worked as a stonemason and local builder. His mother Jemima was well-read. She educated Thomas until he went to his first school at Bockhampton at age eight. For several years he attended Mr. Last's Academy for Young Gentlemen in Dorchester. Here he learned Latin and demonstrated academic potential. However, a family of Hardy's social position lacked the means for a university education, and his formal education ended at the age of sixteen when he became apprenticed to James Hicks, a local architect. Hardy trained as an architect in Dorchester before moving to London in 1862; there he enrolled as a student at King's College, London. He won prizes from the Royal Institute of British Architects and the Architectural Association. Hardy never felt at home in London. He was acutely conscious of class divisions and his social inferiority. However, he was interested in social reform and was familiar with the works of John Stuart Mill. He was also introduced to the works of Charles Fourier and Auguste Comte during this period by his Dorset friend, Horace Moule. Five years later, concerned about his health, he returned to Dorset and decided to dedicate himself to writing.While on an architectural mission to restore the parish church of St Juliot in Cornwall, Hardy met and fell in love with Emma Lavinia Gifford, whom he married in 1874. Although he later became estranged from his son her death in 1912 had a traumatic effect on him. After her death, Hardy made a trip to Cornwall to revisit places linked with their courtship, and his Poems 1912–13 reflect upon her death. In 1914, Hardy married his secretary Florence Emily Dugdale, who was 39 years his junior. However, he remained preoccupied with his first wife's death and tried to overcome his remorse by writing poetry.Hardy became ill with pleurisy in December 1927 and died at Max Gate just after 9 pm on 11 January 1928, having dictated his final poem to his wife on his deathbed; the cause of death was cited, on his death certificate, as "cardiac syncope", with "old age" given as a contributory factor. His funeral was on 16 January at Westminster Abbey, and it proved a controversial occasion because Hardy and his family and friends had wished for his body to be interred at Stinsford in the same grave as his first wife, Emma. However, his executor, Sir Sydney Carlyle Cockerell, insisted that he be placed in the abbey's famous Poets' Corner. A compromise was reached whereby his heart was buried at Stinsford with Emma, and his ashes in Poets' Corner.Shortly after Hardy's death, the executors of his estate burnt his letters and notebooks. Twelve records survived, one of them containing notes and extracts of newspaper stories from the 1820s. Research into these provided insight into how Hardy kept track of them and how he used them in his later work. In the year of his death Mrs. Hardy published The Early Life of Thomas Hardy,1841–1891: compiled largely from contemporary notes, letters, diaries, and biographical memoranda, as well as from oral information in conversations extending over many years.Grave of Thomas Hardy's heart at Stinsford parish churchHardy's work was admired by many writers of a younger generation including D. H. Lawrence and Virginia Woolf. In his autobiography Goodbye to All That, Robert Graves recalls meeting Hardy in Dorset in the early 1920s, and Hardy received him and his new wife warmly, and was encouraging about his work.Hardy's cottage at Bockhampton and Max Gate in Dorchester are owned by the National Trust.Thomas Hardy was bestowed many honors during his lifetime, including being nominated President of the Society of Authors in 1909; the Order of Merit from King George V in 1910; the Gold Medal from the Royal Society of Literature in 1912; an honorary degree from Cambridge University, and an honorary fellowship of Magdalene College, Cambridge.2. His Literary ThemesHardy‟s witness of the change of the Victorian society made his later works seem to be more desperate too. Life after 1870s in England became drastically different with drastic changes in mood and tenor. Science and industrialization went hand in full swing, the nation was heading to the phase of aggressive and barbaric capitalism, and millions of people found themselves struggling for mere existence. Factories straggled across the country; farms went bankrupt; and huge numbers of the poor landed in city slums. The world became increasingly more amoral. Man was no longer a free ethical being in face of the forces out of his control. He was manipulated by fate and destiny and chances, and there was nothing he could do about it. The mood of frustration, despair, and pessimism hanged over the nation, and the age of Emile Zola‟s naturalism had arrived. Although Hardy did not embrace Zola‟s naturalistic aesthetic, he was apparently affected; the spirit of determinism characteristic of the naturalistic works of the period permeated his later novels as well. Hence in this aspect and more, Hardy anticipated the coming of the modern novel in his country.Hardy criticizes certain social constraints that hindered the lives of those living in the 19th century. Considered a Victorian Realist writer, Hardy examines the social constraints that are part of the Victorian status quo, suggesting these rules hinder the lives of all involved and ultimately lead to unhappiness. In Two on a Tower, Hardy seeks to take a stand against these rules and sets up a story against the backdrop of social structure by creating a story of love that crosses the boundaries of class. The reader is forced to consider disposing of the conventions set up for love. Nineteenth-century society enforces these conventions, and societal pressure ensures conformity. Swithin St Cleeve's idealism pits him against contemporary social constraints. He is a self-willed individual set up against the coercive strictures of social rules and mores.Hardy‟s characters often enco unter crossroads, which are symbolic of a point of opportunity and transition. But the hand of fate is an important part of many of Hardy's plots. Far From the Madding Crowd tells a tale of lives that are constructed by chance. “Had Bathsheba not sent the valentine, had Fanny not missed her wedding, for example, the story would have taken an entirely different path.”[9] Hardy's main characters often seem to be in the overwhelming and overpowering grip of fate.3. His WorksNovels of Character and Environment:The Poor Man and the Lady (1867, unpublished and lost)Under the Greenwood Tree (1872)Far from the Madding Crowd (1874)The Return of the Native (1878)The Mayor of Casterbridge (1886)The Woodlanders (1887)Wessex Tales (1888, a collection of short stories)Tess of the d'Urbervilles (1891)Life's Little Ironies (1894, a collection of short stories)Jude the Obscure (1895)Romances and Fantasies:A Pair of Blue Eyes (1873)The Trumpet-Major (1880)Two on a Tower (1882)A Group of Noble Dames (1891, a collection of short stories)The Well-Beloved (1897) (first published as a serial from 1892)Novels of IngenuityDesperate Remedies (1871)The Hand of Ethelberta (1876)A Laodicean (1881)Hardy also produced a number of minor tales and a collaborative novel, The Spectre of the Real (1894). An additional short-story collection, beyond the ones mentioned above, is A Changed Man and Other Tales (1913). His works have been collected as the 24-volume Wessex Edition (1912–13) and the 37-volume Mellstock Edition (1919–20). His largely self-written biography appears under his second wife's name in two volumes from 1928–30, as The Early Life of Thomas Hardy, 1840–91 and The Later Years of Thomas Hardy, 1892–1928, now published in a critical one-volume edition as The Life and Work of Thomas Hardy, edited by Michael Millgate (1984).Short Stories (with date of first publication):"How I Built Myself A House" (1865)"Destiny and a Blue Cloak" (1874)"The Thieves Who Couldn't Stop Sneezing" (1877)"The Duchess of Hamptonshire" (1878)"The Distracted Preacher" (1879)"Fellow-Townsmen" (1880)"The Honourable Laura" (1881)"What The Shepherd Saw" (1881)"A Tradition of Eighteen Hundred and Four" (1882)"The Three Strangers" (1883)"The Romantic Adventures Of A Milkmaid" (1883)"Interlopers At The Knap" (1884)"A Mere Interlude" (1885)"A Tryst At An Ancient Earthwork" (1885)"Alicia's Diary" (1887)"The Waiting Supper" (1887–88)"The Withered Arm" (1888)"A Tragedy Of Two Ambitions" (1888)"The First Countess of Wessex" (1889)"Anna, Lady Baxby" (1890)"The Lady Icenway" (1890)"Lady Mottisfont" (1890)"The Lady Penelope" (1890)"The Marchioness of Stonehenge" (1890)"Squire Petrick's Lady" (1890)"Barbara of the House of Grebe" (1890)"The Melancholy Hussar of The German Legion" (1890) "Absent-Mindedness in a Parish Choir" (1891)"The Winters And The Palmleys" (1891)"For Conscience' Sake" (1891)"Incident in Mr. Crookhill's Life"(1891)"The Doctor's Legend" (1891)"Andrey Satchel and the Parson and Clerk" (1891)"The History of the Hardcomes" (1891)"Netty Sargent's Copyhold" (1891)"On The Western Circuit" (1891)"A Few Crusted Characters: Introduction" (1891)"The Superstitious Man's Story" (1891)"Tony Kytes, the Arch-Deceiver" (1891)"To Please His Wife" (1891)"The Son's Veto" (1891)"Old Andrey's Experience as a Musician" (1891)"Our Exploits At West Poley" (1892–93)"Master John Horseleigh, Knight" (1893)"The Fiddler of the Reels" (1893)"An Imaginative Woman" (1894)"The Spectre of the Real" (1894)"A Committee-Man of 'The Terror'" (1896)"The Duke's Reappearance" (1896)"The Grave By The Handpost" (1897)"A Changed Man" (1900)"Enter a Dragoon" (1900)"Blue Jimmy: The Horse Stealer" (1911)"Old Mrs. Chundle" (1929)"The Unconquerable"(1992)Poetry Collections:The Photograph (1890)Wessex Poems and Other Verses (1898)Poems of the Past and Present (1901)The Man He Killed (1902)Time's Laughingstocks and Other Verses (1909)The V oice (1912)Satires of Circumstance (1914)Moments of Vision (1917)Collected Poems (1919)Late Lyrics and Earlier with Many Other Verses (1923)Human Shows, Far Phantasies, Songs and Trifles (1925)Winter Words in Various Moods and Metres (1928)The Complete Poems (Macmillan, 1976)Selected Poems (Edited by Harry Thomas, Penguin, 1993)Hardy: Poems (Everyman's Library Pocket Poets, 1995)Thomas Hardy: Selected Poetry and Nonfictional Prose (St. Martin's Press, 1996)Selected Poems (Edited by Robert Mezey, Penguin, 1998)Thomas Hardy: The Complete Poems (Edited by James Gibson, Palgrave, 2001)[edit] DramaThe Dynasts (verse drama)The Dynasts, Part 1 (1904)The Dynasts, Part 2 (1906)The Dynasts, Part 3 (1908)The Famous Tragedy of the Queen of Cornwall at Tintagel in Lyonnesse (1923) (one-act play)II. The Novel Jude the ObscureJude the Obscure, published in 1895, met with overwhelming negative outcries from the Victorian public for its frank treatment of sex, and was often referred to as "Jude the Obscene". Heavily criticized for its apparent attack on the institution of marriage through the presentation of such concepts as erotolepsy (erotolepsy is a term first used by English author Thomas Hardy in his 1895 novel Jude the Obscure to describe a passionate sensual desire and longing which is more violent and urgently felt than erotomania(色情狂). It has been variously described as "love-seizure" and "sexual recklessness". The term has since made its way into more widespread common parlance, being used by such writers as American poet Susan Mitchell in her 2001 poetry collection Erotikon), the book caused further strain on Hardy's already difficult marriage because Emma Hardy was concerned that Jude the Obscure would be read as autobiographical. Some booksellers sold the novel in brown paper bags, and the Bishop of Wakefield is reputed to have burnt his copy. In his postscript of 1912, Hardy humorously referred to this incident as part of the career of the book: "After these [hostile] verdicts from the press its next misfortune was to be burnt by a bishop – probably in his despair at not being able to burn me".In Jude the Obscure, Thomas Hardy presents the characters Jude Fawley and Sue Bridehead who violate the conventions of the repressive Victorian society while attempting to follow their natural instincts. Their journey of pursuing true love has never been joyful under the pressure from the Victorian society, especially when Jude is a romantic and lower-class man who is ambitious to enter university and Sue is a so educated and wise woman. Just before they got to know clearly the love between each other, both of them had paid their marriage or freedom forpublic pressure----Jude had to marry Arabella for his first curiosity of woman and that resulted in a unhappy marriage; Sue had to promise Phillotson that she would marry him after she finished the teaching work Phillotson introduced to her. However, both of them cannot live such boring life. Finally Jude, being rejected by his dream of entering university, ran away with Sue and could at least live with his love. Though both of them were kind of suffering the pain of escaping or abandoning their former marriage, they had a relatively happy life and had two children of their own and one eldest kid from Arabella and Jude who was very peculiar and nicknamed …Father Time‟. At this time, though the family did everything to get better off, gossips always haunted them, which made Sue grow more and more depressed and doubt whether she made the wrong choice. Unfortunately, her painful words were heard by Father Time, and he thought all these sorrow and pain in life was caused by the three kids. Thus he killed the other two children and committed suicide. The huge grief of losing three kids made Sue so desperate that she turned to be another totally different woman all of sudden. She began to believe in those creeds she ever scorned and started to pray all the time in the church and considered only her former formal marriage in church to be the only accepted sacred marriage. Thus finally she went back to Phillotson as an atonement of her …crime‟, leaving Jude in frustration and hopelessness. Till the end, Jude not only did not realize his university dream, but also failed to make his true love survive in cruel Victorian society.Every reader should recognize that the failure of realizing a dream or having romantic love could never be the only thing Hardy wants to tell them. The themes of the novel consist of enormous issues, such as the struggle of the lower class people, reveal and critique of traditional Victorian values, and the struggle of female consciousness and so on. This reading report is aimed to analyze the three themes mentioned, mainly focused on the last one and taking Sue as the example.Firstly, in this novel, Jude stands for many other lower class people who were born to be poor and had to work hard to make a living. Even though Victorian Age in people eyes seems to be full of gold and luxury, what cannot be ignored is the more and more furious contradiction between the bourgeoisie and the working class. Workers have to work very hard to survive, not to mention realizing dreams. In this case, readers will never think of that in real life an ordinary worker would struggle to seize every opportunity to study on his own, dreaming one day he could go to university just like those noble students. That is what mostly makes Jude so peculiar and lovely in readers‟eyes. His persistent longing to being a university student and all his seemingly silly efforts for that has touched many readers‟ heart. Furthermore, his desperate love also arises much contemplation. When a man meets his true love, should he rushes to catch it disregarding anything else, especially when he was nobody? Actually the reason why readers conclude Jude is so special is that in real life few people pay a little attention to those common and obscure workers around them. Every worker must have their dreams just like Jude, dreams of having better life. Every worker must have their love just like Jude, love they think they could never leave behind. Both these workers and Jude live their life as every other higher class people do, only harder and tougher. But Jude in the novel Hardy depicts to readers still has something special----Jude seeks for knowledge, and entering university is a good approach. This kind of dream makes readers more surprised and more sensitive about Jude‟s experience. Thus Jude‟s similarity with other workers and his peculiarity as a seeker of education form a tension and exaggeration which lead readers to penetrate workers‟ both life and mind problems. As a result,it is a little one-sided to consider the novel as a song of failure of one man, instead taking Jude in a background where though workers have been exhausted to make a living in a very tough environment, they still have dreams and also exert all their energies to try to finish it. However, Jude does not realize his dream. Though his dream itself seems to be romantic and unpractical, the workers‟ struggle will not end for some time.Secondly, readers could easily find many Victorian values broken in this novel in not only the character‟s behaviors and words but also Hardy‟s description of sex. Generally speaking, the whole Victorian Age is a period when light and darkness, grace and dirty, saint and evil coexist with each other. What people and the society accept and praise at that time is always the good side, even if all the people are doing bad things simultaneously. Reason, moral integrity and self-restrainment become people‟s creed and at the same time the suppression of human and freedom. What is most emphasized is that marriage is sacred and couples should not have sex before they get married. However, in this background, Hardy tells readers a fresh story. The hero and heroine should abandon their respective lawful marriage and live together unmarried in church and have two children. No doubt that more and more gossips appear and linger on. And over once Hardy describes the sex boldly (in Victorian Age women should not be seen any piece of skin from head to toe). Thus it is imaginable that Jude the Obscure must be an atomic bomb at that time. However, modern readers should believe that what Jude and Sue do is not wrong and they just want to pursue the true love. What stop them are the society and the traditional value system. Even only the heroine, Sue, is a rather educated woman with wisdom. Her bold contact with a college man, her scorn toward those traditional creed and her bravery to run away with Jude, show that her mind goes far more advanced than other people, even than Jude. Nevertheless, in the end Jude and Sue‟s marriage gets broken like a bubble, Jude loses his ambition and his love and dies lonely and desperately, and Sue go away from her love and suffers the spiritual pain. At the ultimate moment, the particular couple cannot go through the pressure of the traditional values and morality.Thirdly, compared to Jude, Sue, as an smart enough woman, shows more spiritual conflict and arouses more controversy and readers‟ rethinking about women at that time. Just as what is mentioned in last paragraph, women in Victorian Age are both respected and despised. In life they should cover themselves up to teeth for protection but one man could buy any thirteen-year-old girl by 3 pounds. Women have no right to make big decisions at home and are considered by men to be the attachment to men. Women from higher class are treated like a vase, and those from lower should go out to work. Even the greatest politician at that time thinks that the vote right can destroy women‟s purity. Patriarchy is the dominant force. All these lead to many unsatisfied responses from women. Women's suffrage movement began in 1872in the United Kingdom unquestionably. As a tide-chasing writer, Hardy is deeply influenced by it. Not only in Jude the Obscure, but in his many other works can readers find his attention toward and remarkable description of women. Sue, a fresh female figure Hardy depicts, not only reads many books but also has wise brain. She looks down on those religion creeds, believes that marriage is just used to be shown to others to prove love and she never thinks that man is superior to woman so that she ever makes friends with a university student for a long time but when the schoolboy show his love to her, she thinks that is not actually what she wants and leaves him. Even when she finally lives together with Jude, she still refuses Jude‟s suggestion that they get married in church. Her passion and honesty in love, in her opinion, does not need to be proved withmarriage, or the cage of marriage could only make her love fade. Such a new female in Hardy‟s novel indeed reflects the females‟ situation at late nineteenth century: women were no longer the embodiment of innocence and obedience but became a new knowledgeable force against the patriarch society. They began to know the world and fought for themselves for freedom and rights. Sue is an example of them. She is undoubtedly learned, which astonishes Jude, and her words and behaviors show her reversal of the established rules at that time. However, she pays a lot for these so that she falls into endless guilty and identity crisis. Her faith changes and she turns to be a devout believer. She not only abandons her love, her passion but also her all definition of her life. Equality, freedom and true love have been cast away and are replaced by religion, atonement, obedience, self-restrainment dominating her later life. From here, it can be considered that Hardy could not offer a right way for women to fight a way out or he also cannot totally put women on the equal position with men. Thus Sue, and Arabella who manages to get everything she wants by any means, the two women, do not achieve real freedom and become the sacrifice of abnormal society under the pressure of traditional values in the end.。
TheLoons英文读后感
TheLoons英文读后感On Theme of The LoonsThe Loons, one of the well-known fictions of Margaret Laurence, portrays the living conditions of the protagonist, Piquette T onnerre, who is an Indian girl. On the other hand, we can find that the loons are mentioned several times in the story, which echoes the title. As far as I am concerned, the loons and the growth of Piquette serve as two clues from which two branch themes are expressed respectively.Piquette is a plain-looking girl coming from a humble family. She has to do family chores and cannot attend school regularly. She limps because of tuberculosis of the bone. The father of the narrator Vanessa is the doctor of Piquette. He took Piquette with the families to Diamond Lake for a vacation because of sympathy for her. Piquette was an unsociable and mocking girl and sensitive to the topic of woods and loons mentioned by Vanessa. During the vacation they remained ill at ease with each other. Four years later Vanessa got startled at Piquett e’s great change when meeting her occasionally n a café. She became much more beautiful and opener than before but seemed to being living a disordered life. She blew about her approaching marriage with her handsome boy friend. Inthe end when Vanessa because a college student Piquette died with her children in a fire.From the contrast of the different lives of the two girls we can find the huge gap between the minorities and the mainstream of Canadian society. Indians were the aborigines of the Continent of North America before Europeans immigrating here and driving them away to secluded areas. So Indians remaindiscriminated against by the white-dominated society. They are of humble status and cannot adapt themselves to the mainstream culture. Piquette is just a representative of those present living condtions of them.In the story the narrator tells us about her two experiences of listening the cry of loons. Once during the vacation Vanessa listened to them with her father. The crying of the loons was described as ululating, plaintive and mocking. She went to the Diamond Lake again after hearing about the death of Piquette. However, the loons disappeared because more cottages were built and more people came in. The habitats of the loons were destroyed by human beings gradually and they might die out sooner and lataer.The loons are the symbol of nature as well as ecosystem, and the extinction of loons reflects the ecological crisis caused in the process of human civilization as well as the predatory exploitation human beings have exerted to nature.The author conveys great concern for the harmonious coexistence of human beings with nature and equality between people of different races, sexes or classes by criticizing the relationship of dominating and being dominated between human beings and nature as well as their fellows. What the loons and Piquette have in common is that they represent the culture and civilization of minorities. In the modern society of multiculturalism different kinds of cultures and different races are treated unequally. To reach the goal of harmonious development we human beings have to protect and respect nature and minority groups. This is just what the author wants to convey to us.。
英文书籍阅读报告——Dorian Gray
Lord Henry
“My dear boy, the people who love only once in their lives are really the shallow people. What they call their loyalty, and their fidelity, I call either the lethargy of custom or their lack of imagination. Faithfulness is to the emotional life what consistency is to the life of the intellect--simply a confession of failure. Faithfulness! I must analyse it some day. The passion for property is in it. There are many things that we would throw away if we were not afraid that others might pick them up. But I don't want to interrupt you. Go on with your story.”
A beautiful young man is on his way to the abyss of evil because he has a magical portrait（肖像画） which can bear the cost of his becoming old.……
《无名的裘德》中的人物悲剧命运研究 英语、
《无名的裘德》中的人物悲剧命运研究一、概述《无名的裘德》是美国作家托马斯·哈代的代表作之一，也是世界文学史上的经典之一。
小说讲述了主人公裘德·弗吉尼亚·克劳的悲剧人生，其情节曲折、发人深省。
裘德所遭受的一切命运安排成为了小说中最为突出的悲剧元素，对此，不禁让人去深入思考裘德的人物形象和命运。
二、裘德的成长经历裘德生于一个贫困的家庭，他的父母无力负担他的学费，裘德只能在农场劳作，读书成为了他的奢望。
他自小聪慧过人，渴求知识，渴望改变自己的命运。
然而，由于家境贫寒，裘德在接受教育方面遇到了极大的阻碍。
这一切似乎注定了裘德的命运注定平凡，甚至是悲剧的。
三、裘德的爱情经历裘德对爱情有着执着的追求，他深爱着美丽的女孩苏珊，在苏珊面前，他表现出了他特殊执着的一面。
然而，不幸的是，裘德的爱情并没有得到成功，他因为家境贫寒而被苏珊的母亲驱逐出家门，爱情的挫折使裘德的心灵受到了沉重的伤害。
四、裘德的事业经历裘德追求成功，在事业上也是奋发向前，奋斗不懈。
他到了城市，加入了一个艺术团体，通过自己的努力，逐渐在团体中崭露头角。
然而，正当裘德事业蒸蒸日上之时，他却因为一场悲剧意外而早早离世，这一切似乎都注定是他的命运。
五、裘德的悲剧命运裘德的一生就像是一个悲剧，他从出身时便注定了平凡命运，他的爱情得不到成功，最终在事业的巅峰前夭折。
这一切似乎都是他命运的不公平安排。
裘德的命运悲剧令人唏嘘不已，引起了人们对命运的深刻思考。
六、结语通过对《无名的裘德》中裘德的悲剧命运研究，我们可以看到裘德的一生充满了悲剧色彩，他所经历的一切都是对命运不公平的抱怨。
裘德的命运引发了人们对生命的思考，对命运的探讨。
裘德的悲剧命运也警示着我们珍惜眼前拥有的一切，不要追求虚无的东西，真正的幸福在于珍惜当下。
小说《无名的裘德》通过裘德的悲剧命运，使我们对人生有了更深刻的领悟。
七、裘德的人生启示裘德的悲剧命运给人们留下了深刻的启示。
工作报告之无名的裘德开题报告
无名的裘德开题报告【篇一：英文论文开题报告无名的裘德】本科毕业论文开题报告（人文社科类适用）注：1. 此表前五项由学生填写后交指导教师签署意见，否则不得开题；此表作为毕业论文（设计）评分的依据。
2. 学生填写部分可以用电脑输入，教师填写部分必须手填。
本表要求双面打印。
【篇二：论文写作的开题报告】浅析《无名的裘德》中裘德的悲剧产生的原因一、研究背景本文主要通过从社会原因和裘德周边的人对裘德的影响、裘德自身的原因三个方面对《无名的裘德》的悲剧原因进行解析，并且在此基础上揭示托马斯哈代小说中蕴涵的悲剧感。
二研究问题三研究方法和理论框架本文采用文献资料进行研究，文献资料是了解《无名的裘德》内容和相关资料的一个重要途径，对《无名的裘德》的主题、人物形象、意象等方面都有详细的研究。
本文主要从社会原因和从周边人物的影响，还有从主人公自身的原因来分析裘德为什么勤奋好学，却求职无门，遭受爱情和事业双重打击的原因。
再总结全文并分析了研究的现实意义。
四文献综述国内研究综述：近几年（2001-2007）国内的研究者都从不同的角度研究《无名的裘德》。
总共有十九篇文章直接研究《无名的裘德》。
1994年浙江文艺出版社出版《哈代研究》，评论了《无名的裘德》中的悲剧意识。
2003年河北师范大学王平在（《无名的裘德》悲剧魅力）中则从裘德学业和事业追求的失败研究这部小说的悲剧主题。
国外研究综述：从1995年到2006年，有60篇文章研究《无名的裘德》。
比如说，美国学者altick richard d. dale kramer.五主要要点和结论本文研究中有以下的要点：第一部分简单介绍哈代的生平及他的作品的梗概。
第二部分是从社会角度和周边人物的影响来分析其悲剧的原因。
第三部分是从主人公自身原因来探究其悲剧的原因。
基于上述分析本文得出的结论：裘德悲剧的原因在于个人条件的限制，基本、普遍的社会原因，现实与理想之间的矛盾。
六参考文献(1)出版社，2004.(3) 荆兴梅，用生态批评理论分析哈代的《德伯家的苔丝》和《无名的裘德》[ma],北京：外国语学院，2005.(4) 罗云霞，解读《无名的裘德》中裘德的悲剧形象，《延边党校学报》第5期，2009：98-99.（5）吴宝康，裘德悲剧的社会原因初探，《上海海关高等专科学校学报》第2 期，1999：53-56.（6）李迎丰.无名的裘德一个分裂文本[j].外国文学，2000（3）.（7）聂珍钊.哈代的小说创作与达尔主义[j].外国文学评论，2002（2）.（8）陈文婷.从《无名的裘德》看哈代的宗教观[j].福建师大福清分校学报，2010，（03）.（9）刘建辉.希望的呐喊者—析哈代式悲观主义[j]内蒙古名族大学学报（社会科学报），2006，（02）.(10) 王化学，西方文学经典导论，2004,1月第一版.(11) howe, irving thomas hardy(引自jude the obscure ed .by norman page 第348页)(12)cecil, david .hardy the novelist. london: constable, 1946.（13）carpenter, richard, thomas hardy. new york:st.martin’s press.1964（14） hardy, t.jude the obscure [m]. london: penguin classics, 2（15） mallett,p. sexual ideology and narrative form in judetheobscure[j]. english, 1989(38):211-224.七大纲和论文观点论文观点：浅析《无名的裘德》中裘德的悲剧性的原因。
《无名的裘德》读后感
《无名的裘德》读后感《无名的裘德》读后感《无名的裘德》是英国作家托马斯。
哈代所写的一本书，因为《无名的裘德》讲述的是一对表兄妹的爱情故事，所以这本书的作者受到了人们的舆论攻击。
这本书讲述的是一名叫裘德的青年，他勤奋好学，拥有者远大的抱负，渴望着上大学，但却被大学拒之门外。
而他所深爱的表妹容貌过人，思想开放，但是她跟裘德的爱情却不被世俗接受，因此她离开了裘德，而造成了裘德郁郁成疾，英年早逝的悲剧。
裘德一直都是一个勤奋好学的人，希望能成为一名牧师，于是他刻苦努力学习，但在他的那个时代，一个黑暗的时代，一切都是为有钱有势的人而服务，出身穷寒，没有金钱没有势力的裘德注定上不了大学，他的家庭环境像一道隐形的墙把他阻挡在大学的门外。
这是多么可悲的`一件事，一个知识渊博，富有才华的人就因此被埋没了。
有的人曾质疑过高考是否要取消，因为它给学生带来了过大的压力。
可是如果没有高考，那会不会出现更多的裘德呢，就是因为高考的存在，许多普通学子才能拥有属于自己的未来，是能通往自己梦想的道路发，才不会出现裘德这样的悲剧。
而书中的女主人公淑，一开始是一个热情开朗的人，不屑于遵守传统习俗，大胆地与裘德相爱，因此受到了人们的唾弃，强大的社会旧势力压的喘不过气，在社会势力的压迫下，她变成了一个传统守旧的人，她变得麻木，不再像以前那样热情，乐观，也是旧传统习俗的下而造成的一个悲剧。
就像我国古代，封建势力也是让女性禁锢在传统的思想里，三从四德，“饿死事小，失节事大”在当时人们看来礼节比性命还要重要，蒲松龄所写的《婴宁》也是像淑一样，开始热情开朗，在旁人的指指点点下，她也从一个不拘小节的人变成了规规矩矩，遵守传统的人，这些传统的旧思想让女性受到了压迫，造成了许多的悲剧。
这本书充分质疑了当时黑暗的社会环境和对传统婚姻观念的否定。
无名的裘德英文观后感
无名的裘德英文观后感《无名的裘德》（No Country for Old Men）是一个由乔尔·科恩和伊桑·科恩执导的犯罪惊悚片，改编自Cormac McCarthy的同名小说。
这部影片于2007年上映，并因其引人入胜的故事情节、精彩的演技以及精心打造的氛围而备受赞誉。
故事背景设在20世纪80年代的得克萨斯州，剧情围绕着一起被裘德·贝尔（Llewelyn Moss）无意中发现的毒品交易案展开。
裘德·贝尔是一个守法的前越战老兵，他发现了一个被毒贩和歹徒们遗弃的大笔现金。
面对如此巨大的诱惑，裘德·贝尔决定将钱据为己有，这引来了一位名叫安东·陶查（Anton Chigurh）的残忍无情的杀手的追捕。
电影以一连串的暴力事件、逃亡和冷血杀戮为主线，通过讲述裘德·贝尔与安东·陶查之间的殊死追逐，展现了人性的脆弱和罪恶的存在。
影片以真实、残酷和引人思考的方式探讨了道德、命运和暴力的主题。
《无名的裘德》的成功在于它的故事的深度和人物的刻画。
裘德·贝尔这个角色展示了一个极具复杂性和矛盾性的人物形象。
他是一个有血性的男人，但又重视家庭的价值观。
他的坚毅和果断使他能够应对残忍的追捕，然而，他的思想和心灵却逐渐被这一连串的事件所侵蚀，最终导致他陷入绝望的境地。
安东·陶查则是电影中的反面角色，他是一个没有人性和情感的杀手。
他用冷酷的方式追捕裘德·贝尔，毫不留情地消灭一切妨碍他追踪的人。
安东·陶查的形象给人留下了深刻的印象，他以他冰冷的目光和无情的行为塑造了一个可怕而又令人震惊的角色。
影片的视觉效果和音效也是其成功的关键因素之一。
导演乔尔·科恩和伊桑·科恩用大量的静默画面和环境音效来营造紧张的氛围，使观众陷入影片所创造的紧张气氛中。
影片的摄影也相当出彩，利用得克萨斯州的荒凉景色和富有视觉冲击力的画面，为故事增加了一种独特的氛围。
英文论文开题报告 无名的裘德
本科毕业论文开题报告
（人文社科类适用）
论文（设计）题目
从达尔文主义浅析《无名的裘德》中的向善思想
学生姓名
专业
英语
指导教师
选题目的和意义：
《无名的裘德》是哈代小说中最受争议的一部作品，哈代的悲观主义命运观是与他的哲学理念息息相关的，而这一理念又源于19世纪中期的达尔文主义。然而这部小说的悲观主义色彩并不是哈代真正的意图所在，本研究的真实意图是要通过作品中人物的悲观主义来映衬出哈代对社会改良的希望,以及对积极乐观向善的渴求,即进化向善论。
注：1.此表前五项由学生填写后交指导教师签署意见，否则不得开题；此表作为毕业论文（设计）评分的依据。
2.学生填写部分可以用电脑输入，教师填写部分必须手填。本表要求双面打印。
完成论文的条件、方法及措施：
研究本课题过程中的难点在于如何将达尔文主义、积极向善论与主人公生活的背景和环境相结合，进入深入的探讨。想要解决这个问题，在对环境背景、人物性格和情节的研究基础上，更需要对理论知识有深刻的了解，具体方法如下：
1.引证法
2.文献综述法
3.整理法
指导教师意见及建议：
签字：
年月日
然而，在这方面的研究主要集中于对《无名的裘德》中的向善思想，具体到从达尔文主义对其研究却少之又少。所以本研究选取从达尔文主义浅析《无名的裘德》中的向善思想这一角度进行研究分析，在了解达尔文主义的相关知识的前提下对《无名的裘德》中的向善思想进行分析，为日后的学习和工作提供帮助。
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The Book Report of Jude the ObscureJude the Obscure is one of the most famous novels in Victorian age written by Tomas Hardy, which has withstood the test of time. It is also the last of Tomas Hardy's tragic novels. When I first read this book, I was deeply touched by the anfractuous characters, plots and space-time structure of this masterpiece.This is a story full of tragedies. Jude Fawley is a young Wessex villager who has intellectual aspirations but had no chance to be admitted to a university all through his life. Heroine Sue is a beautiful woman with independent personality and thoughts. She looked down upon the secular and rigid religions. They fall in love with each other for their similar interests. But under the double pressure of poverty and social disapproval, their relationship deteriorates and tragedy overtakes them. Jude has no way to support his family and trapped into a dilemma. At the same time, Jude's eldest child by Arabella hangs Jude and Sue's two children. Sue was distressed by this reality, eventually succumbed to the fate and the church, left Jude and returned to Phillotson. After that, Jude begins to drink heavily and dies miserably soon after under the age of thirty. This is the main plot of the novel. When I finished reading this book, hardly can I believe in such pure love between Jude and Sue.What caused the tragedy of Jude at that period? Of course, it was because of his poverty, low status that led him no way to escape from the lowest depths of the actual social world. Jude failed in his career as well as his marriage. So Jude suffered a double blow. The novel devotes too much space to discuss the relationship between love and marriage. Generally speaking, if one has deep feelings to his spouse, they will have a perfect marriage undoubtedly. However, in Victorian age, it is not a truth in real life. It also involved with the limitation and affection of the social customs and values. Jude first lived with Arabella and then lived with Sue, while the two women has distinct personalities. Arabella is a practical woman with strong desire. In terms of personality, she is not suitable for Jude and the gap between them is enormous. While for the lack of possessiveness, Jude had sex with Arabella, and later, Arabella cheats him that she was pregnant, Jude had no choice but to got married with her. Thereupon, they started their tragic marriage with no love. Arabella doesn't care that they have love or not, what she cares is that whether it is useful for her. Once she knows that one cannot bring benefits to her, she can leave at any time. It is no wonder that she left Jude and went abroad to marry another man later. And at last, she went out of her way to let remarried with her. This is the image of Arabella.However, Sue is utterly different from Arabella, but her personality has changed a lot by suffering a lot of hard times. Previously, Sue is a well-educated, intelligent and independent girl. She has brave rebellion to the old traditional customs. For instance, she brings that little statue to her room which is not accepted by the social life then. In addition, she interacts with Jude openly regardless of the objections of school. She is so unique that Jude praised her a progressive female with V oltaire spirits. And it's a good summary for her. Nevertheless, she is not strong and powerful enough as well as Jude to struggle against the traditional Victorian values. She suffered blows one by one. Firstly, she was confined to prison by the school becauseshe escaped from her room to make appointments Jude. Then she left Phillotson and eloped with Jude to pursue her own happiness. However, she still cannot live happily with Jude ever after. She believed that all the tragedies were the punishments by God, they cannot get rid of the shackles and obstacles of fates. Both of them become the victims of the old traditions.Although in this novel, a lot of space is devoted to describing the matter of love and marriage. What is the true essence of the two notions? How to deal with the relationship between them? Is there true love in the world? These are all the matters discussed by people in all ages. While in the Victorian age, the true love between Jude and Sue is defeated by the conventions of the repressive society. At that time, people believed that it is illegal to live together before one get married with another, so Jude and Sue have trouble in finding jobs and renting house. They were so severely judged by the secular society. But now, without any trouble, we can pursue our own happiness and life patterns. And I am firmly believed that all of us can lead a happy life with the true love for that love is a rare and precious thing which can help us overcome any difficulties. Despite that we may come across some practical matters, we can get through all the obstacles by strong convictions.Although the novel use a large amount of word to describe love and marriage. The true essence is to reveal the tragedies of the lower class like Jude, whom is too powerless to struggle against the unfair society and inhumane bourgeoisie. In addition, the themes of the novel consist of enormous issues, such as the struggle of the lower class people, reveal and criticize the traditional Victorian values, and the struggle of female consciousness and so on. From Hardy's point ot view, it seems like a conflict between individuals and society. As a matter of fact, it's a clash between workers and bourgeoisie. Only when we have had solved this contradiction, can our society make big advancements in the future.The book becomes a world classic not only because of the rich connotations, but also the deep thoughts and profound themes. The author exquisitely detailed portrays the characters. A masterpiece will succeed not in plots but the implied meaning of the work though it reflected a lot of intricate relationships. So when we read a famous work, we must use patience to appreciate every line and every word carefully to understand the true essence. Just as Jude the Obscure, it needs your careful reading and tasting. Not like the popular fiction, we just enjoy the interesting plots only and do not need to consider the language structures. The more famous works you read, the more knowledge you will get. You will find it deserves all the efforts you spared sooner or later.。