(完整版)现在完成时趣味讲解
(完整版)现在完成时态讲解
• 特殊： • am/is-was-been are-were-been, • do (does)-did-done go-went-gone • see-saw-seen • show-showed-shown (showed)
③ She has gone home． 她回家去了。
注意：1）该句式中的have或has是助动词，has用于第三人称单数，其它人称 一律用have。
2）该句式中have（has）和过去分词之间可用just插入。 3）把该句式译成汉语时，往往用“已经”,“刚刚”,“过”或“了”等.
2．现在完成时一般疑问句式是把助动词have或has提到主语之前。 如： ④ Have you read this story book yet？ 你读过这本故事书吗？ ⑤ Has he eaten that apple yet？ 他吃那个苹果了吗？
动词的过去分词的规则变化
动词的过去分词的规则变化，在动词后加ed，规则变化有以下四种： ①原形+ed 如：worked, passed ②词尾是e时，直接加d 如：liked lived ③若词尾为“辅音字母加y”，则改y为i加ed；词尾 为“元音字母+y”时， 直接加d。如: played stayed studied cried ④末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节是，双写最后一个辅音字母加ed. 如： stopped dropped
• put-put-put
cut-cut-cut
• let-let-let
set-set-set
• beat-beat-beat
hit-hit-hit
• hurt-hurt-hurt
spit-spit-spit
• rid-rid-rid
(完整)初中英语现在完成时详解.doc
在完成一、在完成构成构成：在完成由助have + 去分构成，助have 有人称和数的化。
第三人称数用has，其余用have.在完成的否定式直接在助后面加上not、疑式是把助提到主之前。
以study 例，其否定式、疑式和回答形式如下：否定式疑式I have not (haven ’ t) studied ⋯. Have I studied ⋯?You have not (haven ’ t) studied ⋯. Have you studied ⋯?He has not (hasn ’ t) studied ⋯. Has he studied ⋯?否定疑式回答（肯定 /否定）Have I not (Haven ’ t I) studied ⋯? Yes, you have. No, you haven ’ t.Have you not (Haven ’ t you) studied ⋯?Yes, I have. No, I haven ’ t.Has he not (Hasn ’ t he) studied ⋯? Yes, he has. No, he hasn’ t.二、在完成用法1、在完成通常表示在之前已完成的作或存在的状。
人的是作或状在的果或影响。
My daughter has just gone out.我女儿出去。
I ’ m sure we’ ve met before我肯.定我以前面。
She has arrived. 她到了。
2、表示持到在的作或状，往往和包括在在内的表示一段的状用，如recently, already, just, lately, for⋯, sinceyt等⋯,。
如：I haven’ t heard from her these days.些日子我没有收到她的信。
We haven ’ t seen you recently.最近我没有到你。
They have been away for two years.他离开已两年了。
(完整版)现在完成时讲解
I have had this watch for five years / since 5 years ago.
2.这位老人已经死了十年了。
WThe old man has died for ten years.
The old man has been dead for ten years/since 10 years ago.
I have learnt English for more than ten years.我已经学了10多年的英语。
(从10年前开始,持续到现在还在学)
上一页
She has swum since half an hour ago. 我已经游泳了半个小时
(半个小时前已经开始游泳,到现在还在游)
主菜单
于助动词或系动词后，实义动词前。 • never用于句中，助动词或系动词后，实
义动词前，表示否定意义。
• He has ever been to Paris.
• He has never been to Paris.
3） just表示“刚刚”（用于完成时态时，与already， never 等副词的位置一样，多用在助动词have/has和 动词过去分词之间）
He has been here for three days.
He has been here since yesterday.
He has been here since two days ago / last Monday.
He has been here since his wife died.
Since he was a child ,he has lived in England.
现在完成时讲解(完整版)(共17张PPT)
4. My friends haven’t visited me ___s_in_c_efew days ago.
5. We haven’t used our car _____faorlong time .
I have planted all the trees. 注：主语假设是第三人称单数助动词用 has
finished 9. goes 10. have, found 11. is He’ll be back soon.
Where’s Li Ming ? He __________ (go) to the teacher’s office.
否认形式 haven’t ( have not 〕 +过去分词 I ________ (see) it last week.
Where’s Li Ming ? He __________ (go) to the teacher’s office.
hasn’t ( has not ) +过去分词 have, stayed 8.
have, finished
have, stayed
• 1. have, seen, saw 2. Has, finished 3. has, —Yes, I ___________ New York twice.
You have planted all the trees. since: (自…以来)
6. She hasn’t had a good cup of coffee _____yefaorrs.
7. Tom has worn glasses _______he was 7 years old. since
现在完成时超级讲解
现在完成时超级讲解构成：助动词have/has+过去分词①表示过去发生的动作，对现在造成的结果或影响。
常与already, just, yet, in the last few years, so far,--Have you had your lunch yet?--yes, I have. I have just had it.（现在我不饿了）I have already posted the photos.(这些照片已不在这里了)②表示动作或状态从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到现在，可能刚刚结束，也可能继续下去。
常与for, since引导的时间状语连用，可以用how long提问，谓语动词用延续性动词。
I have known Li Ming for three years. They have lived here since 1996.She has taught us since I came to this school. How long have you worked in this factory?★注意：1）since和for的区别since后接时间点，如1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got therefor后接一段时间，表示“长达多久”，如ten years, a while, two days等。
Exercise: 用since和for填空1. Jim has been in Ireland ______ Monday.2. Jill has been in Ireland ______ three days.3. His aunt has lived in Australia ______15 days.4. Mary is in her office. She has been there ______ 7 o'clock.5. India has been an independent country ______1974.6. The bus is late. They've been waiting ______ 20 minutes.7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty ______ many years.8. Mike has been ill ______a long time. He has been in hospital ______ October.现在完成时的时间状语1）现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。
现在完成时语法总结讲解
现在完成时一．定义现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,也可表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态.二．构成主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + 其他。
(当主语是第三人称单数时用has,其余人称用have) 过去分词:规则动词的过去分词构成与动词过去式相同;不规则动词需要特殊记忆。
三．句式否定式:主语+ haven't/hasn't + 过去分词+ 其他。
疑问式: Have /Has + 主语+ 过去分词+ 其他?简略答语: Yes, 主语+ have/has.(肯定)No, 主语+ haven't/hasn't.(否定)四．时间词already （”已经”用于肯定句的中间和末尾处）never (“从不”用于中间处，放在过去分词前面)ever （”曾经”用于疑问句和肯定句的中间处，放在过去分词前面。
not ever=never）just (“刚刚”用于中间处)yet (“已经”用于疑问句的末尾处/ “还”用于否定句的末尾处)so far(往往表示到目前为止动作或状态已经发生)for+时段since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来）since+时段+agosince+从句（过去时）It is+时段+since+从句（过去时）before ,recently,still,lately1.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用，(如表示过去的时间状语）如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等，除非与for,since连用.2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用如already（肯定）, yet（否定，疑问）, just, before, recently,still, lately等: He has already obtained a scholarship.I haven't seen much of him recently (lately).We have seen that film before.Have they found the missing child yet ?3. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion等:Have you ever been to BeijingI have never heard Bunny say anything against her.I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.George has met that gentleman on several occasions.4. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用如now, up to these few days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/ year, just, today, up to present, so far等:Peter has written six papers so far.Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom.There has been too much rain in San Francisco this year.The friendly relations and cooperation between our two countries have been enhanced in the past few years.Up to the present everything has been successful.5. 现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作.We have had four texts this semester.have been to…表示“去过某地”（表示过去的经历，现在已经回来）have gone to…表示“去了某地”（表示出去了，还没有回来）。
初中英语现在完成时讲解全(共24张PPT)
I studied English ten years ago.
（come来到某地….
left the team
has been on C.
表示动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响。
)
be over
went to bed
填空使用for和since
Tom ___for several hours.
表示动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响。
• She has lived here ______1996.
• 2 标准词：so far/up to now (到目前为止） ;lately/recently(最近）
• Up to now/So far ,I haven’t been successful.
• Lately/Recently,I haven’t seen my teacher.
3. He bought the motorbike a month ago.
---He ____ ____ the motorbike for a month. 4. He arrived here three days ago.
--- He ____ ____ here since three days ago. 5. They turned off the light 2 hours ago.
(finish结束....)
be over
1.我买这本书三年了。Buy I have bought the book.
(1) I have had the book for 3 years. (2) I have had the book since 3 years ago.
了borrow He has borrow the book. (1）He has kept the book for 2 months . (2) He has kept the book since 2 months ago.
现在完成时讲解(完整版) - 刘
时态：时间状态 不同时间使用不同动 词形态
Present PerfectTense
现在完成时
影响持续过去past Nhomakorabea现在present
将来future
1、表示过去发生的动作对现在造
成的影响或结果影响到现在。
I have eaten a meal already.
yet在疑问句中意为“已经”，用在否定句中意为：“还“。 Has he found his watch yet? No,not yet.
just“刚刚” He has just come back from school. 注意区分just now “刚刚”用于句尾，且代表”一般过去时“
so far“到现在为止，迄今为止” =up to now=up till now I have traveled by plane twice sofar. So far Ihave traveled br plane twice.
• 8. I _h_a_v_e____ just __f_i_n_is_h_e_d___ (finish) my homework.
• Exercise:
• I. Fill in the blanks with the proper form.
划线提问: 对时间段提问，用How long
句型转化：
1. I have watched TV already. 否定句：I haven't watched TV yet. 疑问句：Have you watched TV yet? 回答:Yes,I have./No,I haven't. 划线提问：What have you done yet? 2.She has lived here for 2 years. 否定句：She has lived here for 2years. 疑问句：Has she lived here for 2years? 回答:Yes,she has./No,she hasn't. 划线提问:How long has she lived here?
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现在完成时趣味讲解
现在完成时的含义
可与现在完成时态相连用的常见时间状语
瞬间动词在现在完成时态中的用法
现在完成时的含义
在当今常见的语法书中对现在完成时的定义大多是：现在完成时是指过去发生的至今已经完成或还在继续的动作。
在笔者2011年于《海外英语》中发表的《have + -en的构式研究》中曾指出这一说法的稍欠妥之处。
因为过去发生的“已经完成”或“未完成”容易让学生产生疑惑：究竟是不是完成时？
笔者认为易仲良教授提出的“式态”的说法以及马承老师提出的“现在完成时表示过去已经发生而与现在情况有关系的动作”这一说法更能让学生理解。
事实上，我在初中的教学过程当中也是这样跟学生讲解的，学生们能够较好的理解这一说法，并能自然地将现在完成时与一般过去时区分开来。
常与现在完成时相连的时间状语
在初中阶段，多数考查现在完成时的句子当中都有较为明显的时间状语标志词，
比如以下的这些句子（均摘录自人教版教材）：
Have you read Treasure Island yet?
I’ve already read it.
Have you ever been to a museum?
I’ve never been to a science museum.
I’ve had this bike for three years.
如果在实际的教学过程当中孤立地让学生记忆这些时间状语标志，无疑会给学生增大学习难度。
为了能够提高学生的学习兴趣，我认为可以通过口诀韵律的方式让学生较快地掌握：以前（before）从来不（never）出现，最近（recently）曾经（ever）一两遍（once/twice/many times…）, 自从（since+时间点）刚刚（just）for一段（for+一段），至今（so far/up to now）已经（already/yet）很明显。
在实际的教学过程当中，教师可有意识地讲述两个“已经”(already/yet)及（since/for）的区别着重分章节讲解，让学生在有了整体概念的基础上对各个考点进行突破。
瞬间动词在现在完成时中的用法
在人教版的课本附录的语法讲解中，我们可以看到：“某些动词的现在完成时可表示过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在（包括”现在“在内）的动作或状态，可以和表示延续的时间状语连用。
表示持续动作或状态的动词多是延续性动词”。
如：
I have known Bob for three years.
They have lived here since 1996.
She has taught us since I came to this school.
但在实际的语言运用过程当中，有很多的非延续性动词也有需要用于“过去已经发生对现在有影响”这一时态用法中，比如“我买这台自
行车已经三年了”；“我借这本书两个星期了”等等。
在这种情况下，作为老师，或许我们首先是要向学生们讲明：1.区分延续性动词与非延续性动词；（非延续性动词表达的动作暗含了状态改变的临界点，如die, marry and open）
2. 非延续性动词可以用于现在完成时中，只是不能和表示延续的时间状语连用。
如： I have just arrived here. (我刚刚到这。
正确) I have arrived here for three minutes. (我到这三分钟了。
错误)
3.常见的非延续性动词如果要表达一个延续的概念时，应该怎样转变：我在教学的过程中，用的是一种故事法，先通过一个有趣的故事让学生明确哪些是常见的非延续性动词，然后再将故事中的非延续性动词一一转化为延续性动词，以便学生学生做题。
故事如下：
有一个男孩，来(come)来（arrive）去（go）去（leave）遇到一个姑娘，然后他们就结婚（marry），随后男孩参（join）军，上战场后不幸死（die）了，姑娘借（borrow）钱给男孩买（buy）棺材，姑娘打开（open）棺材开始（begin）哭了起来。
在学生能清晰地记住这些常见的非延续性动词之后，再将这些非延续性动词与延续性动词的转化表格一一讲解：
come/arrive-------have been in
go/leave-------have been away from
marry------have been married
join------have been a member of
die-----have been dead
borrow------have kept
buy------have had
open------have been open
begin------have been on
学生通过故事联想法能够将常见的非延续性动词记忆清楚，并在老师的帮助下学会做题。
结语：实际的教学过程当中，通过这样的故事及口诀的方法，也许更能调动学生的积极性，激发学生兴趣。