大学英语期末复习资料

Reading Comprehension

Passage 1

The United States is full of automobiles. There are still many families without cars, but some families have two or even more. However, cars are used for more than pleasure. They are necessary part of life.

Cars are used for business. They are driven to offices and factories by workers who have no other way to get to their jobs. When salesmen are sent to different parts of the city, they have to drive in order to carry their products. Farmers have to drive into the city in order to get supplies.

Sometimes small children must be driven to school. In some cities school buses are used only when children live more than a mile from the school. When the children are too young to walk that far, their mothers take turns driving them to school. One mother drives on Mondays, taking her own children and neighbors' children as well. Another drives on Tuesdays, another on Wednesdays, and so on. This is called forming a car pool. Men also form car pools, with three or four men taking turns driving to the place where they all work.

More car pools should be formed in order to put fewer automobiles on the road and to use less gasoline. Parking is a great problem, and so is the traffic in and around cities. Too many cars are being driven. Something will have to be done about the use of cars.

1. Many families in the U.S. own cars because ________.

A) cars are a source of pleasure for them B) they need a car to form a car pool

C) they live more than a mile away from the school D) cars form necessary part in their life

2. Which of the following groups is NOT mentioned though they certainly drive cars?

A) Office workers. B) Police and mail carriers. C) Salesmen and farmers. D) Factory workers.

3. Paragraph 3 suggests that in the United States ________.

A) children have to walk to school B) school buses take all the children to school

C) mothers drive children to school D) families usually live within a mile from the school

4. "A car pool" most probably means ________.

A) a number of people sharing the use of a car B) a place for parking cars

C) a group of tourists driving alternatively D) a place for learning to drive

5. What is the author's advice about the use of cars?

A) To provide larger parking spaces. B) To build better roads.

C) To produce fewer automobiles. D) To form more car pools.

Passage 2

Recent fires have destroyed much of Indonesian forests and pose the latest threat to the survival of the endangered orangutans（红毛猿）. Thirty orangutans fleeing their burning forest home have been killed by villagers, who see the animals as crop raiders. Orangutan mothers have been killed so that their young can be captured and sold into the illegal wildlife pet trade. Orangutan experts continue to receive orangutan infants whose mothers have been killed while searching for food in plantations and fields.

The fires, caused by drought and coupled with fire-setting methods to clear forests, have destroyed more than two million acres. When fire gets into the rainforests' layer of dry peat (partly decayed plant material which covers the soil), it can burn slowly off and on for months or years after the original fire. These fires continue until heavy rainfall soaks the peat through and

through.

Orangutans once numbered in the hundreds of thousands, but their population has dropped to roughly 25 000 due to fire, the destruction of forests from felling trees for timber and agriculture, and losses linked to the live-animal trade. Before the fires, only 40 percent of the orangutans' original habitat remained, and now, their habitat has become even smaller.

1. What can be the best title for this passage?

A) Fires Drive Orangutans to Danger. B) Orangutans Are Precious Animals.

C) Fires in Indonesia Keep on Flaming. D) Orangutans Endanger the Crops of Indonesia.

2. Which of the following is true about villagers?

A) They set fire in order to kill orangutans for food.

B) They are ignorant of wild life pets trade.

C) They dislike orangutans because they destroy crops.

D) They continue to receive orangutans infants.

3. According to this passage, fires in Indonesia ________.

A) will not end until it starts to rain B) will be eventually put out by human effort

C) will die out when the winds stop blowing D) will only stop when the peat is totally wet

4. Some people buy orangutans because ________.

A) they want to save orangutans B) they want to keep orangutans as pets

C) they want to build new homes for orangutans D) they want to take care of orangutan infants

5. Which of the following is NOT a reason for the decreasing of orangutans in Indonesia?

A) The forests have been burned to make land for agriculture.

B) Most of orangutans' forests have been destroyed.

C) Mother orangutans have been caught and sold in pet-animal market.

D) Trees have been cut down for human profits.

Passage 3

Don't try kicking the tires on a very modern and strange car developed by students at Coventry University. Not only does the car have no tires, it has no steering wheel, either.

The Coventry Concept Car, as it is called is a completely new design that looks more like a snail（蜗牛）than an automobile. No working model, or functional form of the vehicle exists yet, but its designers recently introduced a life-sized model and explained how a real one would work. Electric motors would move rapidly undulating pad（形成波浪状气垫）underneath the car; moving the vehicle in any direction at speeds up to 480 km per hour. The motion would be a much faster way of crawling? The way snails move. (Muscles in the bottom of a snail's flat foot contract （收缩）in waves that push the snail along the ground.)

Steering of the snail car would be handled automatically by an onboard computer, which would receive signals from orbiting satellites. Those signals would help guide the snail car along a preprogrammed route.

Even the car's color could be computer-controlled, the student designer suggested. Instead of a painted out appearance, the snail car would sport an electronically sensitive film that changes color according to its surroundings.

1. The Coventry Concept Car is designed mainly based on ________.

A) the appearance of a snail B) the movement of a snail

C) the life-size of a snail D) the behavior of a snail

2. Which of the following is true about the Coventry Concept Car?

A) Its first working model can run at 480 km per hour.

B) Its direction is controlled by a steering wheel.

C) It moves in all directions on a pair of flat feet.

D) It travels automatically along preprogrammed routes.

3. The color of the car can be changed ______.

A) by applying different films onto its exterior

B) automatically in accordance with its surroundings

C) by signals received by the car computer

D) according to the customer's requirement

4. The word "sport" in the last but one line most probably means _______.

A) apply B) wear C) run D) notice

5. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?

A) A Car at a Speed of a Snail B) A Computer-Controlled Electronic Vehicle

C) A Car Without Tires and Steering Wheel D) A Car with No Functional Form

Passage 4

Have you ever been afraid to talk back when you were treated unfairly? Have you ever bought something just because the salesman talked you into it? Are you afraid to ask someone for a date?

Many people are afraid to assert themselves（坚持自己的权利）. Dr. Alberti, author of Stand Up, Speak Out, and Talk Back, thinks it's because their self-respect is low. "Our whole set-up is designed to make people distrust themselves," says Alberti. "There's always a 'superior' around: a parent, a teacher, a boss who 'knows better'."

But Alberti and other scientists are doing something to help those people assert themselves. They offer "Assertiveness Training" courses? AT for short. In the AT course people learn that they have a right to be themselves. They learn to speak out and feel good about doing so. They learn to be aggressive without hurting other people.

In one way, learning to speak out is to overcome fear. A group taking an A T course will help the timid person to lose his fear. But AT uses an even stronger motive ? the need to share. The timid person speaks out in the group because he wants to tell how he feels.

Whether or not you speak up for yourself depends on your self-image. If someone you face is more "important" than you, you may feel less of a person. You start to doubt your own good sense.

You go by the other person's label. But, why should you? AT says you can get to feel good about yourself. And once you do, you can learn to speak out.

1. The problem the writer talks about is that _______.

A) some people buy things they don't want

B) some people are afraid of arguing for themselves

C) there are too many "superiors" around us

D) there is too much pressure from our society

2. The cause of the problem discussed in this passage is that _______.

A) some people have a low self-image

B) there is always someone around who "knows better"

C) salesmen talk people into buying things they don't want

D) people don't share opinions in a group

3. The set-up of our society often _______.

A) makes people distrust themselves

B) makes things more favorable for "superiors"

C) keeps people from knowing as much as their "superiors"

D) helps people to learn to speak up for their rights

4. AT is one solution to the problem in this passage, but one thing AT doesn't promote is to help people ________.

A) to share their feelings B) to have a right to be oneself

C) to overcome their fear before others D) to be more aggressive

5. The title for this passage could be ________.

A) Assertiveness Training B) Loss of Self-respect

C) The Importance of Human Rights D) Share Your Feelings with Others

Passage 5

An unusual cooperation between the local university and other education providers in East Anglia has seen the establishment of Norwich's new Learning Shop. At the city center shop, local people can look through booklets and leaflets to find out about learning opportunities ranging from evening classes to postgraduates（研究生）degrees. Skilled staff are on hand to give accurate information about courses and training in the region.

More than 11,000 people have visited the shop since it opened in 1997. The majority of inquiries have been about courses in further education, but 17 percent have related to higher education in general.

Customer feedback（反馈）confirms how valuable the resource is. A woman's comment is typical: "It's a brilliant idea ― less daunting than going to the different institutions." A seller told us: "This really gives you hope you can get back into something."

Fellow institutions are welcome to set up exhibitions and events at the shop: to date, these have included poetry readings, a recorder concert and numerous exhibitions and displays. The shop is staffed by two advisers and other colleagues from the fellow institutions in the region.

Speaking at the "Norwich as a Learning City" conference, Prof. Mike Campell at the local university, said the first barrier（障碍）to learning was lack of information. The Learning Shop aims to break down that barrier.

1. For what purpose is the Learning Shop set up?

A) To help people know more about higher education.

B) To sell booklets and leaflets of the institutions.

C) To provide educational opportunities to old people.

D) To promote courses and training in the region.

2. The word "daunting" (Line 2, Para. 3) is close to________ in meaning.

A) disappointing B) boring C) worrying D) discouraging

3. What are the visitors to the Learning Shop mainly interested in?

A) Further education courses. B) University degree courses.

C) Evening classes. D) Part-time courses.

4. The events we can find in the Learning Shop include the following EXCEPT ________.

A) recorder concerts B) local conferences

C) poetry readings D) displays and exhibitions

5. Which of the following is TRUE according to Prof. Mike Campell?

A) The city authorities should run more learning shops.

B) People have difficulties in finding out about learning opportunities.

C) The staff should provide customers with accurate information.

D) Most people want to go back to college.

Passage 6

Not all language is verbal. Some of our communication occurs without words. We often use our entire bodies for communication. We may raise our eyebrows（眉毛）to indicate surprise. Perhaps we nod our heads to show that we agree with something. There are hundreds of nonverbal signals that can be used to communicate. These signals are part of language, and they are governed by rules in the same way that our spoken language is. For this reason, people who speak different languages often use different nonverbal signals as well.

In addition to verbal communication and the type of nonverbal communication discussed above, there are other message systems that we use to communicate. When we speak to some people, we may stand very close to them, while we may stand far away from other people. Use of space, then, is a way we can communicate the relationship we feel with another person. The way we dress can also communicate for us. The person who wears dirty jeans and a T-shirt communicates a different attitude from a person who wears neat trousers and an attractive shirt. We can even use time to communicate. The person who is on time for an appointment shows a different attitude from the person who is an hour late does. Can you think of other message systems we use in communication?

1. Language, according to the passage, is actually ________.

A) verbal only B) verbal and nonverbal as well

C) the use of our bodies D) nonverbal signals

2. Nonverbal signals ________.

A) have few rules B) are more useful than speech

C) are often used in communication D) are entirely separate from language

3. If a person wears a suit and a tie, it is a matter of ________.

A) attitude B) relationship C) formality D) habit

4. People who do not speak the same language ________.

A) have no nonverbal signals in common

B) cannot communicate with nonverbal signals

C) often have different nonverbal signals

D) use the same nonverbal signals

5. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a form of nonverbal communication?

A) Pace. B) Time. C) Dressing. D) Space.

Passage 7

The market is a concept. If you are growing tomatoes in your backyard for sale, you are

producing for the market. You might sell some to your neighbors and some to the manager of a local store. But in either case, you are producing for the market. Your efforts are directed by the

market. If people stop buying tomatoes, you may stop producing.

If you take care of a sick person to earn money, you are producing service for the market. If your father is a steelworker or a truck driver or a doctor or a grocer, he is producing goods or services for the market.

When you spend your income, you are buying things from the market. If you spend money in stores, supermarkets, gas stations, and restaurants, you are buying from the market. When the local grocer hires you to drive the delivery truck（送货车）, he is buying your labor in the labor market.

The market is everywhere, and it's very real. If nobody buys your tomatoes, it won't be long before you get the message. The market is telling you something. It's telling you that you are using energies and resources in doing something the market doesn't want you to do.

1. When we are producing for the market, ______.

A) our life will become much easier B) we can help others in a better way

C) our efforts are directed by the market D) we can avoid much waste of money

2. You are buying from the market when you ______.

A) fix your bike by yourself B) look after your children

C) take care of a sick person D) eat out in a restaurant

3. The word "real" (line 1, Para. 4) probably means ______.

A) urgent B) important C) serious D) concrete

4. According to the passage the market can tell people ______.

A) how to drive a bargain B) what should be produced

C) when to stop selling D) how to increase profits

5. What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?

A) To show what the market can do. B) To explain what the market consists of.

C) To indicate how to succeed in the market. D) To argue for the necessity of the market.

Passage 8

It is important to point out that the electronic universe is not without problems. Sometimes data bank producers do not make their products up-to-date as frequently as they should; other on-line systems seem to be forever responding to a single command. In addition, despite the simplicity of concept, no one would argue that the search for information is easy. It can be difficult, for example, to locate the data bank that most likely contains the information you seek.

On the other hand, the electronic universe is still young. For all its practical purpose, it is only a decade old, and like our own physical universe, it is constantly expanding. According to Cuadra Associates, publisher of an authoritative directory（指南）of data banks, many new data banks become available on-line each business day.

There is every reason to believe that this trend will continue. Indeed, I have long been convinced that in the future, communications and on-line information retrieval（检索）may well be seen as the single most important result of the revolution in personal computers. Indeed, the electronic universe holds as yet unimagined possibilities.

1. Which of the following is mentioned as a problem concerning the electronic universe?

A) There is no authoritative directory for the use of data banks.

B) Data bank producers do not modernize their products as needed.

C) The electronic universe is expanding too fast.

D) On-line data banks can not meet the needs of a single command.

2. What do we know about the development of the electronic universe?

A) It is popular everywhere now. B) It is constantly expanding.

C) It appeared long time ago. D) It has caused a lot of problems.

3. Cuadra Associates' directory can help people ________.

A) to learn about the available online data banks B) to become an authoritative director

C) to build a successful data system D) to update business data banks online

4. What will be expected to be the most significant achievement in the revolution in personal computers?

A) Locating the data bank containing your information.

B) Up-to-date information and rapid communications.

C) Communications and on-line information retrieval.

D) Frequent responses to computers' command.

5. The passage mainly discusses ________.

A) the increase of on-line information B) the improvement of personal computers

C) the expansion of electronic universe D) the new ways of communications

Passage 9

Just like children, deer often cross British roads to get to the other side. But the cost is the deer's life. At night, speeding cars hit and kill the animals. Now foresters are using natural animal instincts（本能）to prevent dangerous crossings.

In England, the British Forestry Commission has installed thousands of glowing red "wolf eyes" along woodland roads. The eyes are actually reflectors, plastic bars like the red reflectors on your bike. The ten-centimeter long bars are fixed on top of posts, with only these signs directed towards the woods rather than the roads.

When cars speed by, light rays from car headlights reflect off the reflectors' shining surface and flash into the woods. Deer are instantly scared by the wolf eyes ― even though wolves haven't hunted deer in Britain or even lived there for a hundred years!

Scientists think the glowing light imitates the "eye shine" of nightly beasts. (You've probably seen eye shine on cats. Mirror-like cells in the eyes reflect some light that hits them.) The deer must not have "forgotten" that a wolf can run up to 72 km per hour in hot pursuit, or can sniff（嗅）deer out from 2.4 km away. In some areas where "wolf eyes" keep watch, 90 percent fewer deer have been killed at night.

1. In Britain, deer's life is threatened _____ .

A) by worsening environment B) by nightly beasts

C) by automobiles D) by illegal hunting

2. The word "foresters" (Line 2, Para. 1) refers to _____.

A) workers in charge of forests B) traffic policemen

C) raisers of wild animals D) road-building engineers

3. The nightly beasts' eyes _____.

A) are as bright as mirrors B) are as shiny as car headlights

C) can work as plastic bars D) can reflect incoming light

4. The success of "wolf eyes" proves that _____.

A) the deer is a kind of very timid animal B) animals can always be easily cheated

C) all things in nature are related to each other D) the deer's fear of wolves is genetically built

5. It is implied in the passage that _____.

A) a wolf can run very fast in hot pursuit

B) Great Britain pays great attention to animal protection

C) a wolf's smell is ten times more sensitive than man's

D) Britain has built many highways through woodlands

Passage 10

"Mind over matter" is an English saying meaning that we can control our bodies with our minds. Now scientists are finding increasing evidence that our mind can have a great effect on our physical health. Since our mind influences how we feel, it's not impossible to say that someone is ill just because he feels ill.

The influence of the mind on how well we feel is the basis of what is known as the placebo (which is Latin for "I shall please") effect. A placebo is a harmless, inactive substance. Patients are sometimes given placebo pills and begin to feel better because they believe that they have been given real drugs and expect to respond to them. The placebo effect is very strong: research on pain suggests that up to 30% of the effect of most painkillers is a placebo effect.

So if it's so powerful, why don't doctors use it today?

According to Dr. Persaud, they do. "Things like wearing a white coat, going to a hospital, being scanned（扫描）all have a very strong placebo effect," he says.

1. The English saying "mind over matter" means that _____.

A) sound mind is more important than good health

B) our mind has strong effect on our body

C) our physical health has nothing to do with our mind

D) mental health mainly depends on physical health

2. According to the first paragraph, if you feel ill, _____.

A) you don't need to see a doctor B) you are still in good condition

C) it doesn't necessarily mean that you're physically ill D) it means that you're physically ill

3. According to the passage, placebos _____.

A) are real effective pills B) are not real drugs

C) can relieve all kinds of pain D) may make patients feel worse

4. The placebo effect is based on _____.

A) a response of the body to drugs B) a harmless, inactive substance

C) the constant use of some special drugs D) the influence of our minds on our bodies

5. Which of the following may least have a placebo effect?

A) Concentrating one's mind over a matter. B) Taking sleeping pills before going to bed.

C) Taking a physical examination. D) Talking with a doctor.

Passage 11

It is often thought that science fiction is a fairly new development in literature, but its ancestors （先驱）can be found in books written hundreds of years ago. These books were often concerned with the presentation of some form of ideal society, a theme which is still often found in modern stories.

Most of the classics of science fiction, however, have been written within the last one hundred

years. Books by writers such as Jules Verne and H. G. Wells, to mention just two well-known authors, have been translated into many languages.

Modern science fiction writers don't often write about men from Mars or space adventure stories. They are more interested in predicting the effects of technical developments on society and the human mind; or in imagining future worlds which are a reflection of the world which we live in now. Because of this their writing has obvious political undertones.

In an age where science fact frequently overtakes science fiction, the writers may find it difficult to keep ahead of scientific advances. Those who are sufficiently clear-sighted to see the way we are going, however, may provide a valuable lesson on how to deal with the problems which society will inevitably face as it tries to master its new technology and come to terms with a continually changing view of the world.

1. Science fiction appeared _____.

A) a few decades ago B) within the last one hundred years

C) hundreds of years ago D) thousands of years ago

2. Which of the following is less likely to be written in modern science fiction?

A) Imagined space adventure and conquering new stars.

B) Prediction of effects of technical developments on society.

C) Prediction of effects of technical developments on human mind.

D) Imagination of the future world in reflection of today's world.

3. It can be concluded that modern science fiction writers _____.

A) tend to show their political views in their works

B) follow the model set by Jules Verne and H.G. Wells

C) are more creative than those in the past

D) are more interested in classic works

4. The presentation of an ideal society is found _____.

A) neither in classic and modern science fiction B) both in classic and modern science fiction

C) only in classic science fiction D) as a fairly new trend in science fiction

5. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) Science fiction often overtakes science fact.

B) Writers may find it easy to keep ahead of scientific advances.

C) Science fiction is based on successful adventurous events.

D) Science fiction helps us to face challenges of the future.

Passage 12

My mother never let herself get down; no matter how bad things were, she stayed cheerful. Even though we had a hard life, she still maintained the attitude that everything was fine. I remember her coming home tired from her job at the restaurant and saying that we were lucky. We didn't have a lot of clothes or toys, but my mother always made sure we had enough to eat.

Her love and devotion for my brother and me made our lack of material possessions seem insignificant. Even today, if I were given a choice between having love at home with no wealth and having wealth with no love, I would want it just the way I had it. I grew up poor in material things but rich in love.

Since my father was never around long enough to teach me physical things or to play games with me, I didn't succeed in any competitive sport. My mother did her best as a substitute,

throwing a ball with me in the lot behind our house, but it wasn't the same. She was too protective of me, and I didn't have enough confidence in my own abilities to really try anything physically demanding.

1. We can see from the story that the author is _____ his mother.

A) proud of B) worried about

C) pitiful for D) concerned about

2. "My mother never let herself get down" means _____.

A) she never got tired B) she never felt sad

C) she never fell ill D) she was never impatient

3. The author's mother often played games with him because _____.

A) his mother tended to protect him too much

B) his father was not good enough at sports

C) his father didn't have enough time to be with him

D) his mother was excellent at physical things

4. The story implies that the author's mother was least likely _____.

A) to be pleased with her role in the family

B) to make friends wherever she went

C) to do things which were to be done by her husband

D) to cry over difficulties in life

5. According to the author, a child won't be happy unless he _____.

A) enjoys love at home B) gets enough to eat

C) lives with his parents D) has a lot of clothes and toys

Passage 13

Eye contact is a nonverbal technique that helps the speaker “sell” his or her ideas to an audience. Besides its persuasive powers, eye contact helps hold listener interest. A successful speaker must maintain eye contact with an audience. To have good relationship with listeners, a speaker should maintain direct eye contact for at least 75 percent of the time. Some speakers focus exclusively on their notes. Others gaze over the heads of their listeners. Both are likely to lose audience interest and esteem. People maintain eye contact while speaking, whether from a podium or from across the table, are “regarded not only as exceptionally well-disposed by their target but also as more believable and earnest.”

To show the potency of eye contact in daily life, we have only to consider how passers-by behave when their glances happen to meet on the street. At one extreme are those people who feel obliged to smile when they make eye contact. At the other extreme are those who feel awkward and immediately look away. To make eye contact, it seems, is to make a certain link with someone. Eye contact with an audience also lets a speaker know and control the listeners. It is, in fact, essential for analyzing an audience during a speech. Visual cues (暗示. from audience members can indicate that a speech is dragging, that the speaker is dwelling on a particular point for too long, or that a particular point requires further explanation. As we have pointed out, visual feedback from listeners should play important role in shaping a speech as it is delivered.

1. This passage is mainly about _______________.

A. the importance of eye contact

B. the potency of nonverbal techniques

C. successful speech delivery

D. an effective way to gain visual feedback

2. According to the passage, a good speaker must _____________________.

A. “sell” his or her ideas to an audience

B. maintain direct eye contact with listeners

C. be very persuasive and believable

D. be exceptionally well-disposed

3. The word “target” in the last sentence of the 3rd paragraph can best be replaced by _______.

A. destination

B. goal

C. audience

D. followers

4. In daily life, when the glances of two passers-by happen to meet, these two person will _____.

A. smile to each other

B. feel awkward and look away immediately

C. try to make a conversation with each other

D. none of the above

5. Eye contact with an audience, according to the author, has all the following benefits for the speaker EXCPT that it doesn’t help the speaker __________.

A. to control the audience

B. to gain audience interest and esteem

C. to know whether he is talking too much about a certain point.

D. to analyze his audience when he is beginning his speech.

Passage 14

Babies start learning in their first months, but newborns arrive in the world already are equipped with certain capabilities in the form of “built-in” instinctive behaviors. They include simple reflexes, such as the sucking reflex. These “pre-installed” capacities to act help the baby to survive, especially in the early months before there has been time to gain capabilities through learning.

Some of the capacities that human infants already possess at birth are ones that will help them to make use of opportunities to learn. For example, they can see patterns, they have a preference for human faces over other objects and can distinguish between different facial expressions, and they can move their heads in response to sounds. Even in the first week of life babies can distinguish their mother’s voice.

On the whole, as a baby builds up a repertoire of learned abilities, simple reflexes and instincts become less important. However, some of those capabilities that are largely acquired or learned retain substantial innate elements. For example, language depends on learning, but it also depends on the fact that our brains are innately organized in ways that make it possible for language learning to take place quickly and efficiently.

1. According to the passage, _____ help newborn babies survive the early months.

A. the tender care of parents

B. innate capacities

C. learned abilities

D. simple reflexes

2. As a baby grows up, “pre-inst alled” capacities _____.

A. become more and more important

B. is as important as it used to

C. become less important

D. is of no importance at all

3. Language depends on _________________.

A. learning

B. instinctive behaviors

C. the peculiar organization of human brain

D. both A and C

4. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A. The sucking reflex is the ability that a human infant already possesses at birth.

B. It is in nate capacities that make it possible for babies to learn to distinguish their mother’s voice even in the first week of life.

C. Babies have a preference for human faces over other objects because they acquire this ability with the guidance of parent.

D. Innate elements make it possible for learning ability to take place quickly and efficiently.

5. The key point of this passage is ______________.

A. the importance of innate capacities in human survival and learning

B. the importance of learned capacities in human survival

C. the difference between innate capacities and learned abilities.

D. the change from innate capacities to learned abilities

Passage 15

Cultural differences largely determine differences in the way the elderly are treated by others. In the Oriental, Middle Eastern, African and American Indian cultures, for example, young men are expected to be aggressive and strive for success in the real world, while old men devote themselves to the supernatural and their own afterlife. Because of the scarcity of their numbers and their association with the supernatural, old men were usually respected in preliterate societies, often becoming chiefs.

Long life and experience make elderly people a valued source of knowledge in some cultures, but in technologically advanced societies, the rising number of elderly has decreased their “scarcity value”. At the same time, their children and grandchildren have increasingly turned to mass communication media, schools, and libraries as superior sources of information. This has resulted in diminishing the prestige of the aged. The increasing proportion of elderly people in many countries will have a widespread impact on society. Growing demands on financial, welfare, medical, recreational, and environmental resources and a larger number of non-working individuals dependent on the working population will necessitate many changes in social systems.

1. The main subject of this passage is ______________.

A. the importance of old people

B. the social role of old people

C. the attitudes towards old people

D. the concerns about old people

2. This passage is developed by ____________________.

A. analogy

B. comparison

C. hypothesis test

D. problem solving

3. What is the rea son for the decrease of old people’s “scarcity value” in developed nations?

A. The rising number of the elderly

B. The decreasing number of the elderly

C. The poor health of the elderly

D. Old people lack modern knowledge

4. The pronoun “this” (Para2, L4) stands for ________________.

A. the rising number of old people

B. the growing demands on resources

C. the availability of mass communications media, schools, and libraries as superior sources of information

D. long life and experience of the elderly

5. This passage is aimed to ___________________.

A. introduce the social role of old people

B. compare the different treatment old people receive in history and modern societies

C. arouse public attention to the fate of elderly people

D. arouse public concern about the social impact of increasing population of the elderly

Passage 16

“I get by with a little help from friends” is a popular saying with age-old wisdom behind it. That people need people is something we have long understood, but more recent research has confirmed the relationship between good health and good social relationships. For infants, the lack of human interaction may actually retard the development of intelligence. Adults who seek supportive social relationships find greater longevity and have less chance of developing a disease. Most of us don’t develop relationships to increase our life spans or to improve our minds and bodies. Such improvements are side effects. Instead, most people seek relationships with others to feel love, gain companionship, or simply to have fun. Mutual interests can be basis for new relationships. A good way to find new friends is to get busy doing the things you love to do. That way, you’re likely to meet more peop le who share a similar interest and a similar view of the world.

A good relationship helps you feel lovable and capable. It serves as a support system, allowing you to develop your full potential as a person. One of the most wonderful things you can do for friends is to help them develop their self-concept as they help you develop yours. Reinforcing people’s positive perceptions of themselves frees them to discover their strengths and to wrestle with their shortcomings. What’s even more remarkable is tha t such reinforcement also helps you feel better about yourself.

1. By quoting the popular saying, the author wants to tell us that ______________.

A. people don’t need friends very much nowadays

B. friends are no longer of great help

C. people today need friends more than ever before

D. friends help people pass their lives easily

2. According to the passage, the pursuit of healthy relationships with others __________.

A. retards the development of intelligence

B. leads to the development

C. makes a significant contribution to health

D. consumes a lot of time and energy

3. The word “wrestle” in L5, Para3 could best be replaced by _____________.

A. twist

B. struggle

C. shelter

D. interfere

4. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A. Most people develop relationships simply to enjoy a long life.

B. Rewarding human relationships are essential to life.

C. New relationships can be established on mutual interests

D. Telling friends about their strengths will make them feel better about themselves.

5. This passage is primarily concerned with __________________.

A. the impact of mutual interest

B. the establishment of relationship

C. the reinforcement of positive perceptions

D. the purpose of relationships

V ocabulary and Structure

1. Those high school students _____ to computer games will usually lose interest in their studies.

A) absorbed B) addicted C) approached D) adapted

2. What did you put in your suitcase? It's almost _____ mine.

A) four times as heavy as B) four times heavier as

C) as four times heavy as D) as heavy as four times

3. In some countries today, it is still illegal for doctors to help a woman have a(n) _____.

A) pregnancy B) abortion C) miscarriage D) embryo

4. Metal _____ when cooled and expands when heated.

A) decreases B) reduces C) condenses D) contracts

5. The employees were afraid to ask for a salary raise _____ they should lose their jobs.

A) lest B) or else C) so that D) in order that

6. There has been a heated controversy over the new traffic _____ forbidding automobiles in downtown during the daytime.

A) laws B) bans C) alerts D) regulations

7. She has won a _____ prize for her poems published in the past 10 years.

A) privileged B) awarded C) prestigious D) rewarded

8. Each man and woman must sign _____ full names before entering the examination room.

A) his B) her C) their D) one's

9. It is pleasant to see that the whole community has participated in this environmental action with great _____.

A) validity B) vow C) vigor D) vision

10. As they can't have a child of their own, they're going to _____ a little girl.

A) adapt B) adopt C) adjust D) receive

11. It's no use _____ wit him. You might as well argue with a stone wall.

A) arguing B) of arguing C) in arguing D) to argue

12. The official figures of unemployment revealed that millions of citizens could hardly make a _____ living.

A) honest B) decent C) appropriate D) suitable

13. The company has been found guilty violating copyright laws _____ a regular _____.

A) for ... reason B) by ... way C) on ... basis D) to ... degree

14. Believe it or not, he arrived in America with only 25 dollars _____.

A) by his name B) to his name C) in his name D) with his name

15. _____ is no reason for dismissing her.

A) A few minutes late B) Owing to a few minutes late

C) Because she was a few minutes late D) Being a few minutes late

16. I handed in the application two months ago, but I have not received any response _____.

A) in date B) out of date C) to date D) on date

17. In the course of a day our students do far more than just _____ classes.

A) attending B) attended C) to attend D) attend

18. The newspaper didn't mention its secret _____ who provided the information for the event.

A) resource B) source C) origin D) cause

19. The clothes a person wears may express his _____ or social position.

A) state B) significance C) determination D) status

20. If I hadn't turned off the power before you touched the wires, you _____ now.

A) wouldn't have smiled B) didn't smile C) wouldn't be smiling D) couldn't have smiled

21. Giving the child problems he can't solve will only ________ him.

A) frustrate B) challenge C) conquer D) press

22. In fact, to make life _____ easier for themselves, some Americans prefer less demanding jobs, even with less pay.

A) somewhat B) somehow C) sometime D) somewhere

23. Human cloning has been the most controversial _____ in life sciences this year.

A) question B) issue C) problem D) trouble

24. We hope the measures to control water pollution, _____ taken by the government, will succeed.

A) that B) because C) since D) as

25. It is one thing to enjoy listening to good music, but it is quite _____ to perform skillfully yourself.

A) other thing B) another C) something D) the other

26. The chemical works that has _____ the fertile fields faces billions of dollars in fines.

A) injured B) rotted C) spoiled D) upset

27. The first two items of this contract are especially _____ of notice.

A) worth B) worthy C) worthwhile D) worthless

28. What was intended as a peaceful demonstration rapidly _____ into violence.

A) caused B) resorted C) generated D) degenerated

29. "Do you want to see my ID card or student card?" "Oh, _____."

A) either one does well B) each one is good C) either one will do D) each will be fine

30. The number of people invited to the party _____ two hundred, but a number of them _____ absent for various reasons.

A) were … was B) was … were C) was … was D) were … were

31. The two most common _____ in making a cake are flour and sugar.

A) elements B) factors C) components D) ingredients

32. We had to refuse the dinner invitation because of a _____ engagement.

A) primary B) preceding C) prior D) prevalent

33. On no _____ will you be allowed to drive after drinking alcohol.

A) occasion B) circumstance C) situation D) condition

34. The student was _____ his head and wondering how he could afford such an expensive computer.

A) scratching B) scraping C) screening D) screeching

35. The visitors were amazed to see so many _____ and precious treasures in the museum.

A) strange B) infrequent C) rare D) odd

36. In summer I like to go to the seaside. It _____ good to lie on the beach or swim in the cool sea.

A) feels B) does C) gets D) makes

37. The last ten years _____ tremendous changes in the city.

A) searched B) investigated C) witnessed D) overlooked

38. Mr. Jason is an _____ force ― he pushes his students to excel far beyond their own expectations.

A) excessive B) agreeable C) aggressive D) inspirational

39. Foreign tourists who have paid tax on things they have brought into the country can _____ it when they leave the country with them.

A) claim B) acclaim C) exclaim D) reclaim

40. _____ in thought, Mr. Smith almost ran into the car in front of him.

A) Losing B) Lost C) Having lost D) To lose

41. For the health of babies, breastfeeding is far superior _____ bottle-feeding.

A) to B) than C) beyond D) versus

42. He still _____ the memory of his carefree childhood spent in that small wooden house of his grandparents'.

A. scans

B. fancies

C. cherishes

D. nourishes

43. A carpenter can work best when he uses the _____ tools.

A. fit

B. suitable

C. proper

D. appropriate

44. The ceremony will _____ as soon as the minister arrives.

A. complete

B. commence

C. disperse

D. descend

45. To _____ for his unpleasant experiences he drank a little more than was good for him.

A. commence

B. compromise

C. compensate

D. compliment

46. The Space Age _____ in October 1957 when the first artificial satellite was launched by the Soviet Union.

A. initiated

B. originated

C. embarked

D. commenced

47. It is our _____ policy that we will achieve unity through peaceful means.

A. consistent

B. continuous

C. considerate

D. continual

48. Our journey was slow because the train stopped _____ at different villages.

A. unceasingly

B. gradually

C. continuously

D. continually

49. It is not—— _____ for me to return all the books to the library now because I still need some of them for my research.

A. continuous

B. difficult

C. convenient

D. sufficient

50. All _____ is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.

A. what is needed

B. for our needs

C. the thing needed

D. that is needed

51. The continuous rain _____ the harvesting of the wheat crop by two weeks.

A. set back

B. set off

C. set out

D. set aside

52. We do not have a _____ school in our institute. The highest degree we provide for the students is a B. A. and a B. S. .

A. continue

B. bay

C. assistance

D. graduate

53. The rain was heavy and _____ the land was flooded.

A. consequently

B. continuously

C. constantly

D. consistently

54. The _____ work continued for more than a week but there was still no sign of the missing boy.

A. research

B. rescue

C. vessel

D. vast

55. "Crime is increasing worldwide, and there is every reason to believe the _____ will continue into the next decade."

A. emergency

B. trend

C. pace

D. schedule

56. "Up to now, the majority of the undergraduates _____ enrolled for this selected course."

A. has been

B. have

C. had been

D. would have been

57. "The new teaching building must be completed _____ two months, because we'll enroll new students two months later."

A. in

B. within

C. for

D. during

58. "We have arranged to go to the cinema on Friday, but we can be _____ and go another day."

A. reliable

B. probable

C. feasible

D. flexible

59. Some plants are very _____ to light; they prefer the shade.

A. sensible

B. flexible

C. objective

D. sensitive

60. "The growth of part-time and flexible working patterns, and of training and retraining schemes, _____ more women to take advantage of employment opportunities."

A. have allowed

B. allow

C. allowing

D. allows

61. "He works in our university as a visiting _____ , not as a formal faculty member."

A. traditional

B. scholar

C. nurse

D. pilot

62. "Government reports, examination compositions, legal documents and most business letters are the main situations _____ formal language is used."

A. in which

B. on which

C. in that

D. at what

63. Most broadcasters maintain that TV has been unfairly criticized and argue that the power of the medium is _____ .

A. granted

B. implied

C. exaggerated

D. remedied

64. "If businessmen are taxed too much, they will no longer be _____ to work hard, with the result that tax revenues might actually shrink."

A. cultivated

B. licensed

C. motivated

D. innovated

65. The elderly Russians find it hard to live on their state _____ .

A. pensions

B. earnings

C. salaries

D. donations

66. "_____ the enormous flow of food from the entire globe, these countries have for many years not felt any population pressure."

A. Thanks to

B. By means of

C. In line with

D. With regard to

67. "The pressure _____ causes Americans to be energetic, but it also puts them under a constant emotional strain."

A. to compete

B. competing

C. to be competed

D. having competed

68. He has recently _____ chess to provide himself with some relaxation.

A. taken on

B. taken up

C. held on

D. held up

69. —Why are you going to _____ from that company. Don't forget it's a high-paid job?—Because

I don't like the way they _____ me.

A. leave; think

B. retire; regard

C. resign; treat

D. design; behave

70. "My friend, who _____ on the International Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next month."

A. served

B. is serving

C. had served

D. has served

71. "As one of the world's highest paid models, she had her face _____ for five million dollars."

A. deposited

B. assured

C. measured

D. insured

72. Workers in the fine arts _____ thoughts and feelings through their creative works.

A. transmit

B. elaborate

C. convey

D. contribute

73. The engineers in this lab spent several weeks _____ their plans for the new bicycle.

A. counting

B. stripping

C. elaborating

D. casting

74. "If you expenses _____ your income, you will be in debt."

A. surpass

B. exceed

C. survive

D. pass

75. "When you take medicine, be careful not to _____ that amount printed on the bottle."

A. exceed

B. substitute

C. exert

D. surpass

76. Most of the earliest _____ into America came from Europe.

A. migrants

B. emigrants

C. immigrants

D. inhabitants

77. "In Britain, the best season of the year is probably _____ spring."

A. later

B. last

C. latter

D. late

78. We don't know why so many people in that region like to wear dresses of such _____ colors.

A. low

B. humble

C. mild

D. dull

79. She cooked the meat for a long time so as to make it _____ enough to eat.

A. mild

B. slight

C. light

D. tender

80. This light is too _____ for me to read by. Don't we have a brighter bulb some where; said the elderly man.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/6d10023594.html,d.

B.dim.

C.minute.

D.slight

81. He made such a _____ contribution to the university that they are naming one of the new buildings after him.

A. genuine

B. minimum

C. modest

D. generous

82. There is a _____ of impatience in the tone of his voice.

A. hint

B. notion

C. dot

D. phrase

83. Almost all job applicants are determined to leave a good _____ on a potential employer.

A. illusion

B. reputation

C. impression

D. reflection

84. "Although the two players are in the tennis court, they are really good friends _____ ."

A. partners

B. enemies

C. rivals

D. companions

85. There are not many teachers who are strong _____ of traditional methods in English teaching.

A. sponsors

B. contributors

C. advocates

D. performers

86. The police are trying to find out the _____ of the woman killed in the traffic accident.

A. evidence

B. recognition

C. status

D. identity

87. The clothes a person wears may express his _____ or social position.

A. curiosity

B. status

C. determination

D. significance

88. He wrote an article criticizing the Greek poet and won _____ and a scholarship.

A. status

B. fame

C. faith

D. courage

89. We do not have a _____ school in our institute. The highest degree we provide for the students is a B. A. and a B. S. .

A. continue

B. bay

C. assistance

D. graduate

90. Shelly had prepared carefully for her biology examination so that she could be sure of passing it on her first _____ .

A. intention

B. attempt

C. purpose

D. desire

91. You _____ all those calculations! We have a computer to do that sort of thing.

A. needn't have done

B. must not have done

C. shouldn't have done

D. can not have clone

92. The university has launched a research center to develop new ways of _____ bacteria which have become resistant to drug treatments.

A. regulating

B. halting

C. interrupting

D. combating

93. "After several nuclear disasters, a _____ has raged over the safety of nuclear energy."

A. quarrel

B. suspicion

C. verdict

D. controversy

94. "In spite of the _____ , it seemed that many of the invited guests would still show up."

A. comparison

B. controversy

C. distinction

D. deviation

95. The 1986 Challenger space-shuttle _____ was caused by unusually low temperatures immediately before the launch.

A. expedition

B. controversy

C. dismay

D. disaster

96. Cancer is a group of diseases in which there is uncontrolled and disordered growth of _____ cells.

A. irrelevant

B. inferior

C. controversial

D. abnormal

97. You must have the experience that you find your voice _____ on the telephone.

A. distorted

B. irregular

C. twisted

D. deformed

98. The group of technicians are engaged in a study which _____ all aspects of urban planning.

A. inserts

B. grips

C. performs

D. embraces

99. It is a well known fact that the cat family _____ lions and tigers.

A. enriches

B. accommodates

C. adopts

D. embraces

100. One of the attractive features of the course was the way the practical work had been _____ with the theoretical aspects of the subject.

A. integrated

B. embedded

C. embraced

D. synthesized

Blanking

1.

The Proctor & Gamble company has grown a bit since it was founded in 1837 in Cincinnati, Ohio, by a pair of immigrants named William Proctor and James Gamble, each of whom

__1__ $3596.47 to the enterprise. For ___2___ Proctor & Gamble manufactured candles and soap in relatively ___3___ quantities. It took more than twenty years for sales to ___4___ one million dollars, which they did shortly before the Civil War. The company’s big break came with the

___5___ of its floating soap and the realization that an ___6___ advertising campaign could turn a simple, though high-quality, product into a phenomenon. The soap’s brand name was lifted from “out of ivory palaces,” a phrase found in the Bible. So successful was this new product and the marketing ___7___ that placed it in the hands of nearly every American that the company soon built an enormous new factory in a place called Ivorydale.

Proctor & Gamble never forgot the advertising lessons it learned with Ivory. For instance, it was among the first manufacturers to use radio to reach consumers ___8___. In 1933 Proctor & Gamble’s Oxydol soap powder ___9___ a radio serial called Ma Perkins, and daytime dramas were forever after known as “soap operas.” Over the years the company added dozens of new product lines such as Prell shampoo, Duncan Hines cake mixes, and the ever-present Tide, “new and improved” many a time. To this day, however, Ivory Soap __10__ a Proctor & Gamble backbone product.

A. remains I. nationwide

B. assured J. effort

C. introduction K. registered

D. precise L. decades

E. top M. modest

F. attain N. elaborate

G. sponsored O. pledged

H. market

2.

Severino Antinori, a controversial doctor, is __1__ to clone his patients to create the babies they so desperately want. And of course it’s __2__ quite a stir. However, his idea of using cloning to

__3__ infertility is not as mad as it sounds. Many people have a hard job seeing the __4__ of reproductive cloning. But for some couples, cloning __5__ the only hope of having a child carrying their genes, and scientists like Antinori are probably right to say that much of our __6__ to cloning as a fertility treatment is irrational. In future we may want to change our minds and allow it in ___7__ circumstances.

But only when the science is ready, and that’s the real problem. Five years on from Dolly, the science of cloning is still stuck in the dark ages. The failure rate is a __8__ 97 percent and deformed babies all too common. Even when cloning works, nobody understands why. So forget the __9__ moral arguments. To begin cloning people now, before even the most basic questions have been answered, is simply a waste of time and __10__.

A. point I. energy

B. adopted J. created

C. represents K. instinct

D. excessive L. complex

E. offering M. special

F. regulation N. combat

G. opposition O. offering

H. shocking

Writing : A Letter