《呼啸山庄》爱情悲剧的根源剖析
浅析_呼啸山庄_爱情悲剧的原因
东方企业文化·百家论坛 2012年5月157浅析《呼啸山庄》爱情悲剧的原因司铜生（河南工业职业技术学院，南阳，473009）摘 要：《呼啸山庄》中主人公希斯克里夫和凯瑟琳的爱情悲剧深刻而震撼人心。
本文从悲剧根源的角度对小说展开分析，社会背景造成妇女地位的不平等，男女主人公复杂的性格导致了悲剧的发生。
关键词：爱情悲剧 社会背景 性格中图分类号：I206 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1672—7355（2012）05—0157—0119世纪英国女作家艾米丽·勃朗特的杰作《呼啸山庄》让无数读者为之着迷。
小说以主人公希斯克里夫和凯瑟琳超凡的爱情悲剧和由此导致的复仇为主线，讲述了两个家族的两代家史。
本文对《呼啸山庄》中主人公的悲剧根源进行分析以期待对作品有更深的理解。
小说中女主人公凯瑟琳在爱情与现实之间做出的选择成为悲剧的导火索。
男主人公希斯克里夫是呼啸山庄的主人老恩肖从利物浦带回的流浪街头的弃儿，得到了他超乎寻常的关爱，并赢得了小姐凯瑟琳的倾心，却遭到了少爷亨德莱的忌恨。
老恩肖死后，亨德莱成了呼啸山庄的新主人，希斯克里夫被迫沦为奴仆，被剥夺了受教育的权力，而凯瑟琳依然保持着对希斯克里夫的挚爱。
相邻的画眉山庄的少爷埃德加·林顿的出现改变了这一切。
凯瑟琳选择了富有的少爷作为丈夫而背叛了爱情，出走的希斯克里夫几年后重回呼啸山庄并开始了疯狂的复仇，成为悲剧的开始。
凯瑟琳对待婚姻的功利性似乎是悲剧的直接原因，但分析下维多利亚时期的妇女地位就会发现，凯瑟琳和希斯克里夫的爱情悲剧有着深刻的社会原因。
从当时的时代背景来看．父权制主导着英国的家庭生活和子女的婚姻及命运，因此，凯瑟琳和希斯克里夫的爱情注定了是悲剧性的，而社会原因也成为了悲剧的根本原因。
首先．凯瑟琳和希斯克里夫虽然在同一个家庭中长大，却有着不同的出生背景和阶级地位。
凯瑟琳是呼啸山庄的主人恩肖之女，她受到众人的眷顾，并被认为应该嫁给一位有地位、有财富、有身份的绅士，而希斯克里夫只是山庄主人收养的弃儿，当他失去唯一的庇护恩肖后，便难以在家里找到立足之地了，只能在众人的唾弃中受尽磨难。
呼啸山庄爱情悲剧的根源资料
摘要：《呼啸山庄》是爱米莉的唯一一部作品，而爱情则是该书的焦点，书中描写了凯瑟琳和希斯克厉夫、凯瑟琳和林顿、希斯克厉夫和依莎贝拉、小凯瑟琳和小哈里顿之间的不同的感情，说明在艾米莉心中,爱情必由天性的相近产生,由对天性的忠诚而成功,爱情的幸福只来源于对天性的忠诚；然而他们的爱情却均以悲剧告终。
本文在分析他们之间爱情的基础上并对悲剧根源做必要的探究。
关键词：《呼啸山庄》爱情悲剧因素爱情是《呼啸山庄》中的焦点，书中描写了凯瑟琳和希斯克厉夫、凯瑟琳和林顿、希斯克厉夫和依莎贝拉、小凯瑟琳和小哈里顿之间的不同的感情，然而他们的爱情果实却都是苦涩的，都以悲剧告终。
艾米莉·勃朗特想告诉读者的是爱情可以是狂野、自由和无坚不摧,也可以平和绵延如旭日阳光,两种爱情之间没有褒贬,但无论哪种爱情必由天性的相近产生,由对天性的忠诚而成功,爱情的基点是天性,爱情的幸福只来源于对天性的忠诚。
一、凯瑟琳和希斯克厉夫凯瑟琳和希斯克厉夫之间的爱情是深沉、激烈而狂热的。
在对压迫的共同对抗中,希斯克利夫与凯瑟琳结为同盟,保持着精神上的高度契合。
他们情感的纽带也越系越紧,直到最后不可分离。
而他们之间的情感纽带是在无意识中形成的,甚至连他们自己都没有意识到,直到一切的变故发生之后。
凯瑟琳十分真挚地爱着希斯克利夫,但现实是无情的,一贫如洗的孤儿希斯克利夫无法给她以生活的基本保障。
最终他决定嫁给画眉田庄的男主人埃德加·林顿，而在凯瑟琳对爱情的背叛又使他们相继迷失了真正的自我，希斯克厉夫无止尽的报复中，他们彼此伤害，继而自我分裂的痛苦又使他们踏上了追寻自我的艰苦历程；在死前的那一刻，她才有足够的勇气去面对自己的内心，而当一切都明了之后，希斯克厉夫在小凯瑟琳和小哈里顿之间看到了他们的影子，这时他才觉得着一切的报复是毫无意义可言的，他也将在痛苦和内疚之中或下去。
最后,在死神的拥抱中,他们的自我得以复归,重返最初的和谐。
在凯瑟琳心中是由于背叛而变得黑暗的爱情,希克利的痛苦,以及无法分割的不同人的关系———希克利、林顿,给她带来的缠绕和痛苦,这种痛苦一直延续到她死前,在死前,她在意的并不是自己的生死,她在意的是与希克利恢复以往的那种“你就是我,他比我更像我自己”的关系,并永不再分开,也就是说,她祈求的是抹去背叛的痕迹,祈求的是本性的回归和灵魂的复合。
读书心得——《呼啸山庄》的悲剧根源探析
读书心得——《呼啸山庄》的悲剧根源探析一.凯瑟琳对于自我的背叛在小说当中，凯瑟琳和希斯克利夫之间的爱情是从小就萌发的，不过希斯克利夫是凯瑟琳的父亲在利物浦捡来的流浪儿。
所以他们两人之间的身份是有着一定的差异，不过他们之间却有着非常多的性格相似点，从小她们的性格之间就是两小无猜，而且青梅竹马，性格上面的相似点也让他们有着非常深厚的感情基础。
由于希斯克利夫从小就是一个流浪儿的身份，因此，在小的时候经常在凯瑟琳的家中受到其他人的欺负，不过凯瑟琳却从来没有看不起希斯克利夫，反而把希斯克利夫作为自己一个非常好的朋友进行交往。
在小说当中，凯瑟琳和希斯克利夫长期的在一起游玩，小说里面讲到她们一大清早就会到荒原那里奔跑，一起干活一起玩。
不过他们这样的一种关系，最后却没有让凯瑟琳留在希斯克利夫的身边，实际上也是因为希斯克利夫和凯瑟琳之间存在的这种身份差异。
小说不断地体现出凯瑟琳对于希斯克利夫的深刻爱意，但是却没有办法让凯瑟琳和希斯克利夫真正的走在一起，凯瑟琳为希斯克利夫承受了过多的打骂，但是凯瑟琳对于希斯克利夫的感情却从来没有被动摇过。
最后凯瑟琳选择里没有和希斯克利夫一起，这个从本质上来看是凯瑟琳对自我真实想法的背叛。
由于凯瑟琳因为经历了一次特殊的造访，所以他对于希斯克利夫兰也不再有那么强烈的爱意，她不再是一个非常野蛮的女孩子，而选择打扮的像淑女一样，因为凯瑟琳意识到自己还是一个出身于贵族的女子，所以凯瑟琳最终还是选择了和贵族的男子结合在一起，而抛弃了流浪儿出身的希斯克利夫。
在这个变成淑女的凯瑟琳面前，希斯克利夫觉得非常的自卑，因为他非常清楚自己的出生是十分卑微的，而现在的凯瑟琳已经不再和自己一样，而是一个贵族的女子了。
所以凯瑟琳实际上选择了和林顿在一起，这是符合了他自己内心的想法，但是从本质上看，凯瑟琳应该选择和自己感情和趣味更加相投的希斯克利夫，不过因为自己的出身是比希斯克利夫更高，所以凯瑟琳还是选择成为了贵族家里面的女子，这一点实际上也是凯瑟琳对自己真实感情的一次最为严重的背叛。
从呼啸山庄看男女关系的悲剧
从呼啸山庄看男女关系的悲剧《呼啸山庄》是英国女作家艾米莉·勃朗特的经典之作，这部作品以其深刻的情感、复杂的人物关系和激烈的冲突，展现了一段令人唏嘘不已的男女关系悲剧。
故事中的男女主角，希斯克利夫和凯瑟琳，他们的爱情从一开始就充满了矛盾和挣扎。
凯瑟琳出生在富裕的家庭，而希斯克利夫则是一个被收养的流浪儿。
社会地位的悬殊，使得他们的爱情从萌发之际就面临着巨大的压力。
凯瑟琳内心深处深爱着希斯克利夫，然而她的虚荣心和对世俗观念的屈服，让她最终选择嫁给了富有且地位显赫的埃德加。
这一抉择，成为了悲剧的导火索。
对于希斯克利夫来说，凯瑟琳的背叛是致命的打击，他的内心被仇恨所占据，从此走上了复仇的道路。
希斯克利夫的复仇行为，不仅伤害了曾经伤害过他的人，也深深伤害了他自己和他所爱的人。
他的仇恨让他变得冷酷无情，失去了人性中的善良和温暖。
而凯瑟琳在婚后，虽然物质生活富足，但精神上却陷入了极度的痛苦和矛盾之中。
她意识到自己真正爱的是希斯克利夫，却无法挽回自己的错误选择。
男女关系中的沟通不畅也是导致悲剧的一个重要因素。
希斯克利夫和凯瑟琳都没有能够坦诚地表达自己的内心感受，而是选择将情感深埋在心底，或者用极端的方式来表达。
这种缺乏有效沟通的状况，使得他们之间的误会越来越深，最终无法挽回。
再者，社会环境和阶级差异对男女关系产生了极大的影响。
在当时的社会背景下，婚姻往往被视为一种利益的结合，而非纯粹基于爱情。
凯瑟琳在这样的社会压力下，无法勇敢地追求自己的真爱，而希斯克利夫则因为自己低下的社会地位，感到自卑和无力。
此外，人性的弱点在这段男女关系中也起到了推波助澜的作用。
凯瑟琳的虚荣、软弱和希斯克利夫的偏执、极端，都使得他们的爱情在现实的考验面前不堪一击。
他们无法克服自身的弱点，去坚守那份纯粹的爱情。
从《呼啸山庄》中我们可以看到，男女关系的悲剧并非单一因素造成的，而是多种因素相互交织的结果。
社会的压力、人性的弱点、沟通的缺失，都让爱情在残酷的现实面前变得支离破碎。
简析《呼啸山庄》中男女主人公爱情悲剧的原因
简析《呼啸山庄》中男女主人公爱情悲剧的原因摘要《呼啸山庄》是由艾米丽·布朗特所创的世界上最伟大的小说之一。
艾米丽在小说中成功的塑造了爱与恨为主题的爱情悲剧故事。
自该小说诞生以来，国内外学者对于《呼啸山庄》主题的研究从未停止。
本文选取希斯克利夫和凯瑟琳爱情故事原因的角度进行探究，致力通过对男女主人公所处的阶级，受到的教育，各自成长环境的变化，及各自性格原因，来分析男女主人公的爱情悲剧。
通过本次研究，能够使读者对希斯克利夫和凯瑟琳的爱情悲剧有更清晰的理解和认识。
关键词：爱；恨；凯瑟琳；西斯克里夫；呼啸山庄ContentsAbstract (i)摘要 (ii)1．Introduction. (1)1.1Introduction of Emily Bronte and her Wuthering Heights (1)1.2 Introduction of the tragic love story (1)1.3 The structure of this paper (2)2．Literature Review (4)2.1 Review on the oversea studies (4)2.2 Review on the domestic studies (4)3．The External Reasons for the Tragedy (6)3.1 The class barrier (6)3.2 The educational reasons (7)3.2.1The family education for Heathcliff and Catherine (7)3.2.2Education conducted by European upper class (7)4．The Internal Reasons for the Tragedy (9)4.1 Catherine’s own reasons (9)4.1.1 Catherine’s growing environment (9)4.1.2 Catherine’s dual personality (9)4.1.3 Catherine’s betrayal (10)4.2 Heathcliff’s own reasons (10)4.2.1 Heathcliff’s growing environment (11)4.2.2 Heathcliff’s extreme pe rsonality (11)4.2.3 Heathcliff’s revenge (12)5．Conclusion (14)References (15)Acknowledgements (16)1. Introduction1.1Introduction of Emily Bronte and her Wuthering HeightsEmily Jane Bronte (July 30, 1818 – December 19, 1848) was a great British novelist and pet in the 19th century and one of the extraordinary women writers in the literary history of England, and she is also best remembered for her only novel Wuthering Heights, which is now an acknledged classic of English literature.Emily was born at Thornton in Yorkshire. She was the younger sister of Charlotte Bronte, and the fifth of six children. It was the discovery of Emily's poetic talent by her family that led her and her sisters, Charlotte and Anne, to publish jointly a book of poems entitled Poems by Currer, Ellis and Action Bell in 1846. To evade contemporary prejudice against female writers, all three used male pseudonyms, Emily's being "Ellis Bell". She wrote many poems of her own and some of these during her short life, in the form of powerful lyrics. These lyrics have been esteemed highly as passionate utterances of the author’s innermost feelings and thoughts.She subsequently published her only novel, Wuthering Heights, in 1847, a powerful, poetic work, but whose innovative structure somewhat puzzled critics. Although it received mixedreviews when it first came out, the book subsequently became an English literary classic.Wuthering heights depicts the foundling boy Heathcliff after the adoption by the Earnshaw. He lived with Mr. Earnsh aw’s son Hindley and daughter Catherine. Hindley treat Heathcliff badly.He insulted and maltreated Heathcliff in veery possible way afther Mr.Earnshaw’s death. At the same time, peculiar emotion occurred between Cath erine and Heathcliff. Because of her vanity and ignorance, Catherine decided to marry Linton. Heathcliff left with anger. Three years later, Heathcliff returned to revenge. He succeeded in annexing all the property of Hindley’s and the Linton’s. However,Catherine’s ghost pestered him all the time and he died in the dream with Catherine.1.2Introduction of the tragic love storyWuthering Heights shows us the life scenes in a deformity society through a tragic love story, outlines all kinds of the terrible events caused by the human nature in the distorted society. The title of the novel comes from the Yorkshire manor on the moors of the story (as an adjective, Wuthering is a Yorkshire word referring to turbulent weather). The narrative tale centers on the all-encompassing, passionate, but ultimately doomed love between Catherine Earnshaw and Heathcliff, and how this unresolved passion eventually destroys them and the people around them.The plot of story is actually spread gradually through four stages.The first stage describes the childhood life of Heathcliff and Catherine Earnshaw who the two children spend hours on the moors together and hate every moment; the special feeling between a homeless gypsy boy and an honored, upper-class lady in the unique environment, and their rebel against the tyranny ofCatherine’s brother Hindley.The second stage focuses on describing Catherine as a common lady who pursues the traditional “human love” and denies Heathcliff’s love; at last she married to Layton, a young and rich, educated gentleman, and becomes the mistress of Thrushcross Grange. She admitted Nelly that she loves Layton, because he is young, handsome, and rich and loves her, and the most important one is that he can make her become the most respected woman. While Catherine patted on her forehead and chest said: “In my soul my heart, I know I was wrong.”She also loves Heathcliff, but here love for Heathcliff is derived form “he and I are the same piece of material”. Love, from the pursuit of happiness to the pursuit of oneself, has become just “super-human love”.In the third stage, the novel, by using a lot of words, describes how Heathcliff who is filled with hatred and despair makes all kinds of actions on his revenge. This part is the main theme of the whole story. With the death of Catherine, Edgar, Isabella, Heathcliff’s son and himself, Heathcliff achieves his revenge on those who treated him badly.At last, the novel only narrates the death of Heathcliff, but reveals a brand new change of his minds when he found that Hareton and Cathy fell in love with each other. His minds changes from love, hatred, and revenge to the recovery of human nature, which reveals a light of hope in this tragic love which is full of horror color.In the novel, Heathcliff and Catherine later grow close, and their love becomes the central theme of the first volume; his revenge and its consequences are the main theme of the second volume. Therefore, his minds change from love, hatred, revengeto the revival of human nature, is not only the essence of the novel, but also the theme throughout the whole novel. The author layouts and arranges the changed scene unpredictably according to this theme, sometimes full of dark clouds, wail like ghosts and howl like wolves in the wilderness, and sometimes like the storms blow hard, or in a dark courtyard. The tragic love story is always surrounded in a mysterious and terrible atmosphere.1.3The structure of this paperWuthering Heights is the most unusual novel in the history of English Literature.By describing Catherine and Heathcliff's love; it shows the variation of deformity society, and the distorted humanistic. This article analyzes the book from the reasons of the tradgic love Catherine and Heathcliff. The first chapter is introduction; it gives a brief introduction on Emily Bronte and the Wuthering Heights. The second chapter is literature review, in this part it introduces thestudies of this novel on the oversea and domestic .The third chapter is the external reasons for the tragedy. The fourth is the internal reasons for the tragedy. The last, chapter five, is the conclusion of this paper.2. Literature ReviewToday considered as a classic of English literature, Wuthering Heights was met with mixed reviews when it first appeared, mainly because of mental and physical cruelty of the narrative's stark depiction. Although Charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyre was generally considered the best of the Bront? sisters' works during most of the nineteenth century, many subsequent critics of Wuthering Heights argued that it was a superior achievement.The novel has been studied, analyzed, and discussed fromevery imaginable critical perspective and from every aspect, yet it remains unexhausted. Most of them are focused on the character of the hero or the complicated love between the characters. Catherine, the heroine of the Wuthering Heights, is a typical tragic role in Western literature. Caterine’s emotional has different changes with different environment.(Chen le,2007).Heathcliff, in Wuthering Heights, is the real dramatic center of the story. Heathcliff is a coalescence of several characters and elements, one is the concept of a man whose mind of hatred is pitiless and ruthless, and another is of a man whose desire for revenge degenerates into avarice (Davy Cecil, 1934). There are man y factors to deal with Heathcliff’s distortion; many of the previous studies attempt to explore the reasons for Heathcliff’s tragedies. In aboard, t hey are respectively Davy. L. Robert’s analysis based on prototype theory, Davy Cecil’s analysis based on b ackgrounds theory and James. C. Janet’s analysis based on love theory.2.1 Review on the oversea studiesAccording to Davy L Robert(1985)，The Prototype of Heathcliff suggests the sensational revenge and tragic characters. He addressed in his The Prototype of Heathcliff that Emily Bronte created the name “Heathcliff” to tell the readers the man’s temperament in a metaphorical way. Davy L Robert argues that the figure of Heathcliff created by Bronte stands for evil and revenge, and he also thinks that Heathcl iff’s prototype would be the devil from hell. According to James C Janet’s (2009) On Bronte’s Wuthering Heights,the relationship determines Heathcliff and Catherine’s love. Their love is thus formed in the rebellion against those social forces, families and classes, which restrict the ideals. Catherine’s choice of love, her choicefondness of wealth, position and social distinction in other words, are the primary reasons for forming Heathcliff’s tragic characters (James C. Janet, 2009). According to Davy Cecil the backgrounds deal a lot with Heathcliff’s distortion. Davy Cecil believes that the change of class state and life experience con tribute a lot to form Heathcliff’s distortion.2.2 Review on the domestic studiesIn China, many scholars combine characteristics and the fate of life experience of character types in Wuthering Heights with author’s personality and characteristic, such as Tang Zheng(2009) believed that, to a certain extent, Heathcliff in Wuthering Heights is just the author’s true portraitu re. In recent years, there are many scholars wrote many articles to discuss the hero Heathcliff. Zhao Yunmei(2009) wrote: Heathcliff’s wild and intractable personality, his stronglove, lonely character and the violent perverse revenge figure, reflect the characteristics of Byron effect. After the rise in symbolism, many scholars also do research in this aspect, such as the Wang Zhe(2011) thought, Emily in her" the one and only " novel used a large number of symbolic description, through images shaping, turns out the understanding to the deep and mystical philosophy of life.3. The External Reasons for the Tragedy3.1 The class barrier reasons for the tragedyIn England, the 18th Century, is an age of the bourgeoisie. The old aristocratic class was fast losing its power politically and economically to the rising urban middle class or bourgeoisie who worked hard, economized and accumulated great wealth and became the mainstream of the nation; the social and economic values were changing and land ownership did not always theman make, it is a world of patriarchal values. Along with the emergence of this "industrial revolution" came a class- conscious society. The new London would benefit the wealthy and the middle class but exploit and oppress the working and poor classes. The social changes taking place in England between 1801 and1847 provides context for an appreciation of Wuthering Heights. As industrialization spread, a growing middle class challenged the position of landed gentry. The Earnshaws and Heathclif f represent this moment. Heathcliff’s rise from an orphaned urchin to landholder in Wuthering Heights is a paradigm for the origins of capitalism within society.Heathcliff was a fatherless child when he was brought into Catherine’s family. He has some wil dness and strength in his bones. Belonging to a lower class, he tries to get his rights by opposing the upper class. He must do what he wants to do and follows his nature but does not care about others’ attitude. His action shows his capricious and resistant character. The influence of Heathcliff and Edgar leads to Catherine’s complex personality---strength, brawniness, a little wildness, dignity and vanity. At the beginning, due to Heathcliff’s influence, Catherine keeps her strength and brawniness.Catherine is very ambivalent in her love .Due to human nature, she loves Heathcliff deeply with childlike passion, and he r soul can’t live without him. But the social culture made her betray the love in order to satisfy her yearning for fame and wealth. She chooses Linton; hereby her love becomes a tragedy. Catherine learns dignity and vanity through contacting with Edgar. Edgar who is proud of his social status is a well-educated gentleman, so his action follows traditional manners. Besides, he is proud of his social status. She wants to marry Edgar to satisfyher vanity, so she is nearer to the social class to which Edgar belongs. In brief, Heathcliff makes Catherine keep her nature, while Edgar guides her into true middle class.Catherine’s utilitarian treatme nt of marriage is entirely caused by the social environment. The world was full of patriarchal values. Women's status was unequal in politics and economics. Their values can only be reflected in their marriage. As to Catherine, she does not overcome her vanity and weakness. The love can not escape from the times. They ruined their best things in this era. Because of this, their love must be a tragic love.In 19th century of England, economy, society, and politics had a great change. At that time, the prosperity of the middle and upper classes and the wrenched condition of the poor differed greatly. People of the underclass hardly had right in law, and destined to be abused by upper classes. Undoubtedly, cruel social environment and fierce class origin are regarded as root for their tragic love. Heathcliff is on behalf of these poor ones. He begins his life as a foundling boyadopted by Mr.Earnshaw. Uncared for and unloved, he lives in a hostile and frightening world in himself, which is caused by the real society. Heathcilff owned almost the love of Mr. Earnshaw, but he is badly treated by young Hindley, whose behaviors even make him distorted humanity. It is the injury inflicted on him during his childhood results in the tragedy later. Even when coming back y ears after Catherine’s marriage with great possessions, Heathcliff does not belong to the upper class because of his poor origin. That is to say, for a person from the lower, no matter how rich one is now, he is always what he is. The discrimination from others make they lose whatever they are longing for, including love, and dignity. The only thing left is toretaliate the world to balance the pain of the loss. More pains, more retaliations. It is natural for the appearance of distortions. In a word, such distortions come from the social reality and Heathcliff is a representative of the effects of cruelty, deprivation and alienation that are the products of civilization.3.2 Educational reasons for the tragedy3.2.1The family education for Heathcliff and CatherineHeathcliff's character determines his tragedy; however the formation of character is inseparable from the growth process of family education. He is a foundling boy; adopted by Mr. Earnshaw His arrival does not get the love and the warmth of family. Mr. Earnshaw’s son Hindley treats Heathcliff badly. After Mr. Earnshaw’s dead, Heathcliff is treated as a servant. He is deprived of dignity, and not educated. At last his only sustenance, Catherine also away marries Linton. He suffers from serious injuries. After that, he made the terrorist revenge for everyone include their descendants.Catherine has a superior family; all the family pampers her, so she has a little capricious. When she was young Mrs. Earnshaw was dead, her father is always busy on the business no time to train and educate her. After Mr. Earnshaw’s death, Heathcliff is misused by Hindley Catherine also be affected. She can not get education, she become a wild child.She wrestles with the self-willed and rational, dead with painful.3.2.2 Education conducted by the European Upper classIn the early 19th Century, when UK was a classic patriarchy society with a strong sense of hierarchy and class contradiction, divided human into several levels. Their working people not only were exploited and oppressed by the corrupt landed aristocracy, but also ruled by the emerging bourgeois nobles. Meanwhilewomen and proletariats were oppressed too, whose personal rights had been deprived. Too much education would "ruin" girls, making them unfit for marriage and motherhood. Consequently, most middle and upper middle class girls were taught little beyond basic reading and writing, and instead were trained in "accomplishments," such as music, drawing, and dancing, to better attract eligible suitors. As far as they were concerned, marriage was the best home they turned to, on which their all success or failure depended. Adiscussion of whether or not a man was really a gentleman would consider such questions as how much land he owned, how many tenants and servants he had, how he spoke, whether he kept horses and a carriage, and whether his money came from land or “trade”—gentlemen scorned banking and commercial activities.Charlotte Bronte in her preface to the 1850 edition of Wuthering Heights, refers to Edgar as "an example of constancy and tenderness and goes on to suggest that her sister Emily was using Edgar to point out that such characteristics constitute true virtues in all human beings, and not just in women, as society tended to believe. At the top of British society was the royalty, followed by the aristocracy, then by the gentry, and then by the lower classes, who made up the vast majority of the population. The social status of aristocrats was a formal and settled matter, because aristocrats had official titles. A discussion of whether or not a man was really a gentleman would consider such questions as how much land he owned, how many tenants and servants he had, how he spoke, whether he kept horses and a carriage, and whether his money came from land or "trade"—gentlemen scorned banking and commercial activities. Considerations ofclass status often crucially inform the characters' motivations in Wuthering Heights. Catherine's decision to marry Edgar so that she will be "the greatest woman of the neighborhood" is only the most obvious example. The Lintons are relatively firm in their gentry’s status but nonetheless take great pains to prove this status through their behaviors. The shifting nature of social status is demonstrated most strikingly in Heathcliff's trajectory from homeless waif to young gentleman-by-adoption to common laborer to gentleman again (although the status-conscious Lockwood remarks that Heathcliff is only a gentleman in "dress and manners").4. The Internal Reasons for the Tragic Love4.1 Catherine’s own reasons4.1.1 Catherine’s growing environmentCatherine’s change is mainly from her values during the different environment between Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange.Cath erine’s natural environment is stabbed as “wild child”. In her narrow world, Heathcliff isher only stabbed playmates and spirit. Her stay at the grange has brought about changes for her that affect the course of the lives Heathcliff and her own, both present and future. She has awared of the social difference between Heathcliff and herself. She has looked and acted as a lady after she returns to Wuthering Heights. She laughs at Heathcliff's unkempt appearance. When the Lintons visit Catherine the next day, Heathcliff dresses up himself to impress her. It fails when Edgar, one of the Linton children, argues with him. Heathcliff is locked in the attic, where Catherine later tries to comfort him. Unfortunately she could never marry Heathcliff because of his lack of status andeducation. She therefore plans to marry Edgar who is a cultured gentleman with enough wealth to make herself as the greatness woman of the neighborhood. In fact, Catherine is totally absorbed in the new way of life and values as her spirit and nature belong to upper-class. Heathcliff has overheard the first part about not being able to marry him and runs away, disappearing without a trace. After three years, Edgar and Catherine are married.4.1.2 Catherine’s dual personalitiesCatherine’s character is filled with contradictions. On one hand, she is pure and free; on the other hand, she is selfish and vanity, which cause her into a dilemma since Edgar proposed her, and makes her mind collapse at last and she dies in childbirth.In the childhood, Catherine has the spirit of revolting, she always reacts against her father and her brother. During the process, she falls in love with Heathcliff. And she can bear all the punishment from her brother, except the separation from Heathcliff. "Without Heathcliff", she says, "the universe would turn to a mighty stranger". (Emily Bronte, 2005)As she grows up, Catherine hates the meaningless freedom. She seems to become another person after back home from Thorncross Grange. Catherin’s alternative could be easily found in many aspects: the changes of her manners, dress and social attitudes. Her dress is suitable in the Grange rather than in the Heights and she has become used to a life that is centered on the inside of houses and she can do no work. She has accustomed to such a style of living: others work for her, produce for her and satisfy her needs. She is attracted by the “cultural life” in the Lintons, and she starts to long for it.Catherine has thrown herself into a dilemma since EdgarLinton proposed her. She is eager for the honorable life in Thorncross Grange, where she can become a rich and great woman, but she also loves Heathcliff with her soul, just like she said to Nelly "My love for Edgar is like the foliage in the woods: time will change it, I'm well aware, as winter changes the trees. My love for Heathcliff resembles the eternal rocks beneath: a source of little visible delight, but necessary. Nelly, I am Heathcliff"(Emily Bronte, 2005)The duality of Catherine's character revealed a crisis point with her marriage to Edgar - the one event in the novel above all others which determine the futures of the central characters. Catherine's marriage to him is a betrayal of her nature. Not only has she broken with her kindredspirit, Heathcliff, but she has physically removed herself from the wildness and freedom from the Heights. Catherine's marriage to Edgar and her rejection of Heathcliff is a rejection of herself. This choice made by Catherine favored wealth, civilization and social position over her natural affinity with the untamed, uncivilized world represented by Heathcliff.Catherine’s dual characters cause her tragedy, which has aroused the readers’ sympathy. As she lies dying, she says，“I wish I were girl again, half savage and hardy, and free, and laughing at injuries, not maddening under them! Why am I so changed?”(Emily Bronte,2005) she regrets her choice but now she has to face it and gives up her life at last.4.1.3Catherine’s betrayalWhen Catherine is a little girl, she is pure and free, she loves Heathcliff without minding his identity, and she falls in love with Heathcliff and bears all the punishment from her brother. But when she encounters Edgar, she realizes that from him she canget more respects and she would be the greatness woman of the neighborhood. She knows that she would never marry Healthcliff. In her heart, she still loves Heathcliff but she is totally absorbed in the new way of life and values as her spirit and nature belong to upper-class. Compared with Heathcliff, Linton is young, handsome, rich and in love with her. The most important is Linton can make her become the most respected woman. Catherine is a faithful partner of Heathcliff, they develop the true love in common resistance. However, Catherine finally betrays Heathcliff.Catherine’s betrayal of Heathcliff is the distortion of her personality and self-betrayal.The relationship determines the nature of their love. Their demand for love is conveyed in the process of their struggle for individual fulfillment and humanity.Catherine shows her passionate love for Heathliff and inseparability of them. But the nature of love should be explored within a context, because the novel shows love is based on mutual bullion and mutual aspirations. Catherine eventually betrays Heathcliff and becomes the mistress of Thrush cross Grange.Seduction by the glamour of the Grange is the beginning of Catherine’s change and distortion.Because Catherine is kind, she loves Heathcliff by the mercy. Because of her vanity, selfish and arrogant, she had betrayed her love to marry Edgar. Eventually Catherine becomes all the fuses of the tragedy. Catherine has been living in the pain of contradiction, her efforts herself to become an upper-class lady. She chooses to marry Linton, the real gentleman, although she still loves healthcliff. After the marriage, Catherine is still not out of pain, and contradictions until her death. Because her betrayal, a direct result of the tragic misfortune of her life, because her death, Heathcliff makes all the crazy revenge.So Catherine’s betrayal is the beginni ng of his own personal hell; for Heathcliff，Catherine’s betrayal is the turning point of his life; For Heathcliff, Catherine’s b etrayal leads him to cruel punishment or treatment to anyone who has relationship with Catherine or anyone he hates.4.2Heathcl iff’s own reasons4.2.1 Heathcliff’s growing environmentYoung Heathcliff’s childhood is full of both half-happiness and half-sadness, and it formats his life experience and social status and distorts his nature at the same time.A homeless gypsy boy named “Heathcliff” was abandoned by his parents after he was born, and this has a huge influence on his unreasonable disposition. Later he was adopted by Mr. Earnshaw. He is treated well by Mr. Earnshaw, and from Mr. Earnshaw, Heathcliff learns the kindness. The children of the Earnshaw family are the teenaged Hindley and his younger sister, Catherine. Hindley finds himself robbed of his father's affections and becomes bitterly jealous of Heathcliff. However, Catherine grows much attached to him. After Mr. Earnshaw dies, Hindley becomes master of Wuthering Heights, and forces Heathcliff to become a servant instead of a member of the family and exterts tyranny on Heathcliff. Despite the abuse of Hindley, Heathcliff still endure and tolerate on the support of Cathe rine’s love until they meet the Lintons . The seed of hatred has planted in his heart gradually. So his character is formed in this discrimination and betrayal of Catherine, both kindness and cruelty during his teenage time.4.2.2 Heathcliff’s extreme pers onalitiesHeathcliff is an orphan taken to Wuthering Heights by Mr. Earnshaw and reluctantly cared for by the rest of the family. Heand Catherine later grow close, and their love becomes the central theme of the first volume; his revenge and its consequences are the main theme of the second volume. So his extreme character is love and hatred.At first, Heathcliff is a pure and kind boy. When Mr. Earnshaw died, Heathcliff was very sad and made a heart-breaking cry. From this we can see his natural kindness character. He also has a strong love in his heart. It is the love that is natural and pure. He loves Catherine so much and faithfully and long-lasting. Only when he learned that Catherine was engaged with Edgar Linton, he left Wuthering Heights with angry, before this happened, he never thought that he would leave here for any reason, even when Hindley treated his badly. That’s because of his love for Catherine that gave him the hope. After three years, when he returned to Wuthering Heights, he still loves Catherine. Only having Catherine’s love, he can own the happiness.Heathcliff’s death for love expresses his everlasting love for Catherine, and the resurgence of his human nature.Due to the unfair life, misery experience and the betrayal love of Catherine, he becomes cruel, selfish and fierce. He deprived Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange step by step. He also hurts the young generation, making Cathy marry to his sick son. For revenge, Heathcliff‘s heart is distorted, of course, we admit that his revenge on people who had hurt his is successful. But his revenge is pointless; he spent all his life on revenge and at last, he lives lonely and is empty in spirit. He finally dies and achieves the reunion with Catherine.Healthcliff himself is contradicting. On one hand, he is kind and pure in nature; on the other hand, he becomes cruel when he returns to Wuthering Heights and take revenge on people。
_呼啸山庄_中男女主人公爱情悲剧的伦理原因剖析
《呼啸山庄》中男女主人公爱情悲剧的伦理原因剖析程梦雨(华中师范大学 文学院,湖北 武汉 430079)摘 要:一直以来,关于希刺克厉夫和凯瑟琳之间的爱情悲剧的原因众说纷呈,不一而论,有人认为这场爱情悲剧具有社会必然性,不仅是社会的悲剧也是时代的悲剧。
也有人把它归结于希刺克厉夫和凯瑟琳的性格原因。
本文主要对主人公之间爱情悲剧做出伦理层面的简要分析,在爱的悲剧面前,人性本质中潜在的恶的因素,现时的行为规范,个人的行为抉择对他人的影响,以及社会大环境下人和人之间的关系就很值得我们探讨。
关键词:伦理原因;潜在“恶”;行为;虚伪环境;介入者 一直以来,对于呼啸山庄的主题合乎逻辑的解释就是“关于爱与恨、善与恶之间的冲突”。
希刺克厉夫和凯瑟琳之间的爱情悲剧的原因也是众说纷呈,不一而论,从作品的阅读中,笔者发现他们之间爱情悲剧有着深刻的伦理层面的根源,作品中人与人之间的关系,个人的行为抉择以及那个时代人们所遵循的约定俗成的行为规范都在潜移默化中推动着希刺克厉夫和凯瑟琳之间爱情的发展走向。
甚至作品中所出现的几乎每一个人,善良的,邪恶的,有意的,无心的,都是那场爱情悲剧直接的凶手或者帮凶,无一逃脱。
一、潜在“恶”的直接推动每个人的心里面都有邪恶的种子,只是在现实的生活中它们有无被激发。
一直以来,纳莉在我们的心目中都是一个正面的人物形象。
可是事实并非如此。
纳莉作为全文的叙述者,有人说她是一个客观冷静的叙述者,但从阅读中笔者认为她可以说是作者有意安排在书中的一个是非标准,“照着我自个儿的方式把故事讲下去”,1p80一切的人和事都要经过她的标准筛选后才会向我们传达。
同时也是由于她的所作所为构成了故事情节发展的一个重要的因素。
比如文中一个重要的转折点:希克厉的出走。
纳莉明明知道希刺克厉夫就在屋子里,却没有阻止凯瑟琳的谈话,直接导致了希刺克厉夫的雨夜出走。
在作品中,纳莉表现在我们面前的都是一个善良的家庭主妇形象,一个类似于救世主的模样,她给了小哈里顿缺失的母爱,为小凯瑟琳带去了书籍,她一直站在林敦的那一边,认为他是最好的东家。
《呼啸山庄》的悲剧色彩解读
《呼啸山庄》的悲剧色彩解读《呼啸山庄》是英国著名小说家艾米丽所创作的一本爱情小说，是以主人公希斯克里夫与凯瑟琳的爱情为主线的叙事型小说，被认为是艾米丽的代表作。
《呼啸山庄》也被称之为英国历史上最奇特的小说，不仅深刻反映了当时英国社会所存在的各种社会问题，同时整体情节设置也较为惊心动魄，在阅读过程中会给人们带来一种别样的体验。
但是，《呼啸山庄》的结局是一个悲剧，同时整个故事的悲剧色彩也极为鲜明。
本文重点对《呼啸山庄》的悲剧色彩进行研究。
一、《呼啸山庄》悲剧色彩的来源解读任何文学都是以作者的亲身经验与情感为依据所进行的创作，因而对《呼啸山庄》的悲剧色彩进行解读，并对其作者艾米丽的生活经验进行研究，可以发现艾米丽的悲剧情感是塑造《呼啸山庄》悲剧色彩的重要源泉。
艾米丽的父亲是爱尔兰人，在爱尔兰解放之初，作为农民的他在经济方面极为拮据，直到35岁时才遇到艾米丽的母亲并与她结婚。
艾米丽的父母在结婚之后为了生计决定举家搬往英国，最终在英国北部一个偏僻的小村庄落脚。
但他们在搬到英国之后未能有效改变自身的生活境遇，同时先后又有六个孩子出生，整个家庭的经济负担也来越重，艾米丽的母亲与姐姐都因为贫困交加而先后去世。
作为家中第五个孩子的艾米丽自小就需要参加劳动生产与做家务，同时她也未能进入学校接受教育，只能在业余时间自学。
尽管如此，艾米丽依然坚持不懈地与命运展开顽强地斗争，利用有限的教育资源进行学习，同时也充分发挥了自身的想象，先后尝试通过诗歌、小说来表达自身的情感。
在此过程中，艾米丽的祖父对她产生了深远的影响，他在年轻时候曾经游历过很多地方，在艾米丽小的时候他经常为她讲故事，给她留下了深刻的印象，同时也对她的创作产生了深远影响。
艾米丽的祖父由于长期生活在社会底层，他所讲述的故事往往也带有一定的悲剧色彩。
加之艾米丽自小就受到贫困生活的磨难，在长期的生活中逐渐形成了一种悲剧式的思维模式，在进行《呼啸山庄》的创作时艾米丽甚至不自觉地加入了个人的情感，从而为小说注入了更鲜活的悲剧色彩。
绝望的存在《呼啸山庄》爱情悲剧的原因探析
在爱情悲剧主题方面，《荆棘鸟》和《呼啸山庄》有着异曲同工之妙。两部 小说中的爱情都充满了压抑与无奈，主人公们都在追求着不可实现的爱情。梅吉 与拉尔夫、希斯克利夫与凯瑟琳，他们的爱情都像是一场无声的战争，既没有胜 利的喜悦，也没有失败的绝望，只有无尽的痛苦与挣扎。
具体情节方面，《荆棘鸟》中，梅吉与拉尔夫的爱情从一开始就注定是一场 悲剧。拉尔夫对梅吉有着深深的情感，但出于对教义的忠诚和对家族的责任感， 他无法与梅吉厮守一生。而梅吉，她对拉尔夫的爱从始至终都没有改变过，即便 面对丈夫的背叛和儿子的死亡，她依然坚持着这份爱情。在《呼啸山庄》中，希 斯克利夫和凯瑟琳的爱情也是一场无尽的折磨。
最后，家庭观念也是《呼啸山庄》中爱情悲剧的一个重要因素。在小说中， 家庭观念对个人的影响非常深刻。希斯克利夫在外出致富之后，为了报复凯瑟琳 的背叛和林顿家族的压迫，不惜牺牲自己的家庭和后代。而凯瑟琳和伊莎贝拉则 因为家庭利益而被迫放弃了爱情。这种家庭观念的束缚，使得他们无法自由地追 求自己的幸福。
然而，在复仇的过程中，希斯克利夫也失去了他的人性和爱，最终导致他的 死亡。这种自我毁灭的过程也是解构主义所强调的主题之一，即揭示了结构和规 则的内在矛盾。
德里达解构主义视角下的《呼啸山庄》主题还到小说中存在的权力关系。希 斯克利夫从一个弃儿变成了一个富有的人，他在整个过程中所获得的权力和地位 使他有足够的能力去实现他的报复计划。他在表面上是一个弱者，但他的精神和 毅力却使他变得强大。这种权力关系的转变也是解构主义所的一个重要方面。
绝望的存在《呼啸山庄》爱情 悲剧的原因探析
01 一、背景介绍
目录
02 二、分析原因
03 三、展开论述
04 四、举例支撑
05 五、总结结论
06 参考内容
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《呼啸山庄》爱情悲剧的根源剖析
摘要：《呼啸山庄》是一出展现惊天地、泣鬼魂的爱恨交织生死恋情的爱情悲剧。
本文从凯瑟琳背叛和希斯克利夫复仇的视角，着重剖析其悲剧演绎的社会与人性的根源所在，从而揭示小说人物刻画的艺术构想。
关键词：呼啸山庄爱与恨凯瑟琳希斯克利夫
1 爱恨交加的情缘
《呼啸山庄》的剧情主题反映在爱情与复仇的故事情缘之中。
它既充满强烈的反压迫、争幸福的斗争精神，又笼罩着离奇、紧张的浪漫气氛。
其狂放不羁的浪漫主义风格蕴含在阴冷与暴力，神秘怪诞与隐隐约约的神圣温情中。
故事的男主角希斯克利夫是山庄主人恩肖捡回来的一个弃儿，地位低下，遭到山庄主人的儿子辛德雷蔑视和虐待，而女主角凯瑟琳小姐却与希斯克利夫相爱。
但是后来，凯瑟琳却绝情变故，答应了来自画眉山庄的绅士林顿的求爱，并嫁给了他。
由此，希斯克利夫便愤而出走。
三年过后，希斯克利夫发财归来，并开始了自己的复仇计划。
最终，凯瑟琳在悔恨和病痛中死去，希斯克利夫也在思念中抑郁而亡。
显而易见，《呼啸山庄》演绎的是一场浪漫中带着压抑、豪放中透着温情、平凡却又超脱世俗的爱情悲剧。
女主人公的背叛导致了整个悲剧的产生，古老的庄园，凄凉的荒原也都为这个悲剧的产生埋下了伏笔，在这个自然文明与人类文明的斗争中，爱恨交加的极端对抗，更加凸显了这场爱情悲剧的戏剧化。
2 失去自我的背叛
作为呼啸山庄的大小姐，家庭的富裕使天真善良的凯瑟琳养成骄傲任性的性格。
凯瑟琳深爱着希斯克利夫，虽然亨德雷对他们百般压迫，但他们对爱坚贞不移，共同反抗，相互搀扶：“在这个世界上，我最大的悲苦就是希斯克利夫的悲苦……我活着的最大目的，就是他。
即使别的一切全都消亡了，只要他留下来，我就能继续活下去；而要是别的一切都留下来，只有他毁灭了，那么整个世界就成了一个极其陌生的地方，我就不再像是它的一部分了。
”[1]p78可是凯瑟琳终究是上流社会的产物，无论她的思想境界有多崇高，她仍然不可能脱离上流社会。
他们坚固的爱情在林顿的出现后产生了变化。
凯瑟琳爱林顿，因为他年轻，长得俊俏，满脸春风，而且富有，会让她成为当地最尊贵的女人，就可以帮助希斯克利夫摆脱辛德雷的虐待，并进入上流社会。
“如果希斯克利夫和我结婚，我们就得作乞丐吗？而如果我嫁给林顿，我就能帮助希斯克利夫高升，并且把他安放在我哥哥无权过问的地方。
”[1]P72凯瑟琳面对的，不仅是希斯克利夫与林顿之间、呼啸山庄与画眉田庄之间的选择，也是理想与现实、自然与文明之间的选择，最终后者战胜了前者，凯瑟琳离开了呼啸山庄，离开了她深爱着的希斯克利夫，嫁给了林顿。
从人格上看，凯瑟琳这时已经失去了自我意识，成了物质上的“超我”，所以这个愿望根本不可能实现，注定了是场悲剧。
实际上，凯瑟琳的背叛是整个爱情悲剧的重要开端，究其根本之一，还是凯瑟琳对家族势力的反抗不够坚决。
在金钱与爱情驱使下，失去了自我，在背叛他人的同时，也背叛了她自己，她只能挣扎在自己编织的落网中并最终死去。
可以说，凯瑟琳的死既是社会悲剧的产物，也是命运悲剧的结果。
在忏悔自己的选择的同时，唯有死亡才能铭记自己刻骨铭心的爱情。
3 性格扭曲的复仇
希斯克利夫是老恩肖捡回来的孩子，流淌着叛逆的血液，在那个等级观念强烈的时期，加之他又来到这么一个封闭的庄园，这里的人们的保守和自私使得这个孩子毫无自尊，更不用说社会地位。
希斯克利夫在这里受尽欺凌，特别是在老恩肖去世后，他所受到的不平等的对待，这一切都在幼小的希斯克利夫心里留下了深刻的烙印。
希斯克利夫的地位卑微，一直受到呼啸山庄的新主人亨德雷的仇恨与虐待，亨德雷禁止妹妹跟他在一起。
后来凯瑟琳在画眉山庄养伤归来后，她选择了文明、英俊、举止优雅的林顿，在婚姻上，凯瑟琳却未能超越世俗，“他将来会有很多钱，我会成为这儿一带最尊贵的女人，嫁给这样一个丈夫，我会感到得意
的。
”[1]p73她既背叛了希斯克利夫，又作出了有悖于自己灵魂与情感的婚姻选择，为复仇埋下了祸患的种子。
在这样一个特殊的环境下，可以说产生悲剧是必然的。
这正如袁若娟分析指出的那样，可以把希斯克利夫的这种变态心理“看作是罪行邪恶、人类软弱和堕落的标志，但也可以用更深的同情和洞察力，把它理解为一个恐惧的人为争取健全、发展和自我实现而作的非直接努力。
”[2]p33
寄人篱下的生活，最后苦苦追求的爱情抛弃了希斯克利夫。
当凯瑟琳离开他后，他心中最后的爱也消失殆尽了。
他对整个世界充满了仇恨，他不仅报复那些伤害过他的人，甚至还牵扯到许多无辜。
希斯克利夫成了一个被复仇压变了形的人，复仇使他的人生偏离了正常的轨道，造就了他的人生悲剧。
许多人认为他太残忍，丧失了人性。
然而，希斯克利夫复仇的疯狂正是他对爱的绝望心理的畸形表露，他用不可理喻的报复来彰显自己对爱的执着、对那个时代无言的抗争。
4 拜金主义的孽根
凯瑟琳对待婚姻的功利性似乎是悲剧的直接原因，但她作出这样的选择完全是由当时的社会环境造成的。
凯瑟琳因为林顿的丰厚的资产与优越的生活条件嫁给他，而放弃希斯克利夫。
凯瑟琳失去了自我，但代表着文明和势力的画眉山庄却从来没有让她真正快乐起来，相反只有无尽的孤寂。
尽管她从一开始就能预测到这种结果，但是在这样一个金钱至上的拜金主义的维多利亚时代，她克服不了秉性的虚荣与无知、霸道与虚伪、骄纵与愚昧，她最终迷失了自我，成为自己阶级的囚徒。
凯瑟琳屈从了世俗，她在撕扯着自己人性的时候，没能端正自己，没
能克服自身的虚荣和软弱，他们的爱情也无法摆脱维多利亚时代冷酷无情的等级制度和金钱观念，最后却把人性中的真善美葬送于这个私有制的社会中。
她也克服不了人性自身的弱点，自己原有的真诚和善良也被当时腐朽的社会所摧残和扭曲，最终成为那个社会的俘虏，葬送了自己的青春、爱情和生命。
希斯克利夫也正如凯瑟一样，爱恨交织、灵魂与贪欲的激烈较量，他不断地背叛自己的内在需求与渴望。
但他却把爱的这份狂热化成满腔的仇恨，这无疑违背了人正常的感情，在报复中，他克服不了本性的自私，连人性最基本的那点良知，人性最基本的伦理道德观念也丧失殆尽。
而凯瑟琳屈从了世俗，她在撕扯着自己人性的时候，没能端正自己，没能克服自身的虚荣和软弱，他们的爱情无法摆脱维多利亚时代冷酷无情的等级制度和金钱观念，最后却把人性中的真善美葬送于这个私有制的社会中。
残酷的社会现实致使他们都丧失了理智，违背了自己的天性，背叛了他们的“自我”。
正因为这样，这份爱情才会有了悲剧，一个源于社会、源于他们本身的人性被异化和扭曲的爱情悲剧。
尽管希斯克利夫就那个时代来说，是值得同情的，甚至是可以理解的，但他只是用这个社会所给予他的仇恨来拯救他心中那至真至善至美的爱情。
这个社会是如此的残忍而冷漠，它摧残人们心中仅存的美好。
虽然这个爱情悲剧让人惋惜，但正是这样一个悲剧才造就了这样一个饱受苦难和屈辱、对爱情至死不渝的渴求、对命运不屈不挠的抗争的悲壮人物；虽然这是段注定失败的爱情悲剧，但却也向全世界诠释了爱的真谛。
参考文献：
[1]（英）艾米莉·勃朗特，方平译.呼啸山庄[M].上海：上海译文出版社，1995.
[2]袁若娟.《呼啸山庄》的主旋律：人性的扭曲与复归[J].外国文学研究，1992，（4）：32-36.。