2019大学英语四级快速阅读模拟练习题(9)

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2019年四级英语阅读理解模拟题

2019年四级阅读理解模拟题Why are America’s kids so stressed? The report cites two main causes: increasing physical isolation—s—and a growing perception that the world is a more dangerous place.Given that we can’t turn the clock back, adults can still do plenty to help the next generation cope.At the top of the list is nurturing (培育Limit the amount of virtual (虚拟的) violence your children are exposed to. It’s not just video games and movies; children see a lot of murder and crime on the local news.Keep your expectations for your children reasonable. Many highly successful people never attended Harvard or Yale.Make exercise part of your daily routine. It will help you cope with your own anxieties and provide a good model for your kids. Sometimes anxiety is unavoidable. But it doesn’t have to ruin your life.21. The author thinks that the conclusions of any research about people’s state of mind are ________.A) surprising B) confusing C) illogical D) questionable22. What does the author mean when he says, “we can’t turn the clock back”(Line 1, Para. 3)?A) It’s impossible to slow down the pace of change.B) The social reality children are facing cannot be changed.C) Lessons learned from the past should not be forgotten.D) It’s impossible to forget the past.A) were less isolated physicallyB) were probably less self-centeredC) probably suffered less from anxietyD) were considered less individualistic24. The first and most important thing parents should do to help their children is ________.A) to provide them with a safer environmentB) to lower their expectations for themC) to get them more involved sociallyD) to set a good model for them to follow25. What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?A) Anxiety, though unavoidable, can be coped with.B) Children’s anxiety has been enormously exaggerated.C) Children’s anxiety can be eliminated with more parental care.参考答案：DBCCAThe process of perceiving others is rarely translated (to ourselves or others) into cold, objective terms. "She was 5 feet 8 inches tall, had fair hair, and wore a colored skirt. " More often, we try to get inside the other person to pinpoint (强调y —perhaps with a two-second glance.(刺激因素) , asking people who have had or have frequent contact with the person about him or her, and using various strategies in face-to-face interaction to uncover information about another person—question, self-disclosures, and so on.Getting to know someone is a never-ending task, largely because people are constantly changing and the methods we use to obtain information are often imprecise. You may have known someone for ten years and still know very little about him. If we accept the idea that we won't ever fully know another person, it enables us to deal more easily with those things that get in the way of accurate knowledge such as secrets and deceptions. It will also keep us from being too surprised or shocked by seemingly inconsistent behavior. Ironically, those things that keep us from knowing another person too well(e. g. secrets and deceptions) may be just as important to the development of a satisfying relationship as those things that enable us to obtain accurate knowledge about a person (e. g. disclosures and truthful statement).21. According to the passage, if we perceive a person, we are likely to be interested inA. what he wearsB. how tall he isC. how happy he isD. what color he dyes his hair22. Some people are often surprised by what other people do. According to Berger, that is mainly because_______.A. some people are more emotional than othersC. some people are sensitive enough to sense the change of other people's attitudesD. some people choose to keep to themselves23. We may have known someone for ten years and still know very little about him because_______.A. we don't accept the idea that we might never fully know another personB. we often get information in a casual and inexact wayC. we pay more attention to other people's motivations and emotions ? 62 ?D. we often have face-to-face conversation with him24. There are things that we find preventing us from knowing others. These things areA. disclosuresB. deceptionsC. stimuliD. interactions25. This passage mainly concerns_______.A. the relationship between peopleB. the perception of other peopleC. secrets and deceptions of peopleD. people's attitudes and characters参考答案：21. C 22. B 23. B 24. B 25. BAs the 11 of life continues to increase, we are fast losing the art of relaxation. Once you are in habit of rushing through life, being on the go from morning till night, it is hard to slow down. But relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body.Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to avoid it. In fact, it is not the bad thing it is often 12 to be. A certain amount of stress is 13 to provide motivation and give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor 14 and ill health.A. cancelB. paceC. extremeD. automaticallyE. removeF. vitalG. performanceH. supposedI. rate J. exposure K. achievement L. unusualM obviously N withstand O harsh参考答案：11. B 12. H 13. F 14. G 15. N 16. M 17. L 18. C 19. J 20. EIn the early days of nuclear power, the United States make money on it. But today opponents (反对者The greatest fear of nuclear power opponents has always been a reactor "meltdown". Today, the chances of a meltdown that would threaten U. S. public health are very little. But to even further reduce the possibility, engineers are testing new reactors that rely not on human judgment to shut them down but on the laws of nature. Now General Electric is already building two advanced reactors in Japan. But don't expect them even on U. S. shores unless things change in Washington.21.The author's attitude toward the development of nuclear power is______.A. negativeB. neutralC. positiveD. questioning22.What has made the procedure for licensing nuclear power plants a bad dream?B. The enormous cost of construction and operation.C. The length of time it takes to make investigations.D. The objection of the opponents of nuclear power.23.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that______.A. there are not enough safety measures in the U. S. for running new nuclear power plantsB. it is not technical difficulties that prevent the building of nuclear power plants in the U. S.C. there are already more nuclear power plants than necessary in the U. S.D. the American government will not allow Japanese nuclear reactors to be installed in the U. S.24. Governor Mario Cuomo's chief intention in proposing the settlement was to_______.A. stop the Shoreham plant from going into operationC. permit the Shoreham plant to operate under certain conditions25. The phrase "single out" is closest in meaning to_______.A. delayB. end up参考答案：21. C 22. D 23. B 24. A 25. DThere are two ways by which this pollution problem can be lessened. The first relates to the treatment of wastes to decrease their pollution hazard. This involves the processing of solid wastes "prior to" disposal and the treatment ofliquid wastes, or effluents (废料) , to permit the reuse of the water or best reduce pollution upon final disposal.A second approach is to develop an economic use for all or a part of the wastes. Farm manure is spread in fields as a nutrient (养料) or organic supplement. Effluents from sewage disposal plants are used in some areas both for irrigation and for the nutrients contained. Effluents from other processing plants may also be used as a supplemental source of water. Many industries, such as meat and poultry processing plants, are currently converting former waste production into marketable byproducts. Other industries have potential economic uses for their waste products.26. The purpose of this passage is_______.A. to warn the reader of the dwindling water supplyB. to explain industrial uses of waterC. to acquaint the reader with water pollution problems外语学习网D. to demonstrate various measures to solve the pollution problemich of the following points is not included in the passage?B. Diluting wastes needs certain amount of water.C. Demands for water will go up along with the expanding population.D. Intensive cultivation of land requires more and more chemicals.The reader can conclude that_______.A. countries of the world will work together on pollution problemsB. byproducts from wastes lead to a more prosperous marketplaceD. some industries are now making economic use of wastesThe author gives substance to the passage through the use of_______.A. interviews with authorities in the field of water controlsB. opinion and personal observationsC. definitions which clarify important termsD. strong argument and persuasionsThe words "prior to" (Para. 2) probably mean_______.A. afterB. duringC. beforeD. beyond参考答案：26. C 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. Cr’s interest, clearly a __4__child will be likely to “play safe”. He will tend to write only words within his spelling range,choosing to avoid __5__ language. That’s why teachers often __6__ the early use ofdictionaries and pay attention to content rather than technical ability.I was once shocked to read on the bottom of a sensitive piece of writing abouta personal experience ：“This work is __7__ !There are far too many spelling errors andyour writing is illegible( 难以辨认的).”It may have been a sharp__8__ of the pupil’stechnical abilities in writing, but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omittedto read the essay, which __9__ some beautifulexpressions of the child’s deePfeelings.The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors, but if his priorities had centredon the child’s ideas, an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would havegiven the pupil more __10__ to seek improvement.A)priorityB)criticismC)containedD)clearlyE)adventurousF)discourageG)motivationH)terribleI)ignoredJ)difficultK)encourageL)expressedM)confidentlyN)brightO)motive参考答案：1. I2. A3. M4. N5. E6. K7. H8. B9. C10. GAnne Whitney, a sophomore (大学二年级学生) at Colorado State University, first had a problem taking tests when she began college. "I was always well prepared for my tests. Sometimes I studied for weeks before a test. Yet I would go in to take the test, only to find I could not answer the questions correctly. I would blank out because of nervousness and fear. I couldn't think of the answer. My low grades on the tests did not show what I knew to the teacher. " Another student in biology had similar experiences. He said, "My first chemistry test was very difficult. Then, on the second test, I sat down to take it, and I was so nervous that I was shaking. My hands were moving up and down so quickly that it was hard to hold my pencil. I knew the material and I knew the answers. Yet I couldn't even write them down!"These two young students were experiencing something called test anxiety. Because a student worries and is uneasy about a test, his or her mind does not workas well as it usually does. The student cannot write or think clearly because of the extreme tension and nervousness. Although poor grades are often a result of poor study habits, sometimes test anxiety causes the low grades. Recently, test anxiety has been recognized as a real problem, not just an excuse or a false explanation of lazy students.An expert ? at the University of California explains, " With almost all students, relaxation and less stress are felt after taking our program. Most of them experience better control during their tests. Almost all have some improvement. With some, the improvement is very great. "26. To "blank out" is probably______.A. to be like a blanketB. to be sure of an answerC. to be unable to think clearlyD. to show knowledge to the teacher27. Poor grades are usually the result of______.A. poor sleeping habitB. lazinessC. lack of sleepD. inability to form good study habits28. Test anxiety has been recognized as______.A. an excuse for lazinessB. the result of poor study habitsC. a real problemD. something that cannot be changed29. To deal with this problem, students say they want to______.A. take a short course on anxietyB. read about anxietyC. be able to manage or understand their anxietyD. take tests to prove they are not anxious30. A University of California advisor said______.B. almost all students felt less stress after taking a University of California advising courseC. students found it difficult to improve even though they had taken a special test anxiety courseD. students found it easy to relax as soon as they entered a University of California advising course参考答案：26. C 27. D 28. C 29. A 30. BLife Is a Test. It Is Only a TestOne of my favorite posters1 says, “Life is a test. It is only a test. Had this been a real life you would have been instructed where to go and what to do.”Whenever I think of this humorous bit of wisdom2, it reminds me to not take my life so seriously.When you look at life and its many challenges as a test, or series of tests, you begin to see each issue you face as an opportunity to grow, a chance todiscover more about life. Whether you're being bombarded(攻击;质问) with problems,responsibilities,even insurmountable(不能克服的，不能超越的) difficulties, when looked at as a test, you always have a chance to succeed, in the sense of rising above that which is challenging you. If, on the other hand, you see each new issue you face as a serious battle that must be won in order to survive, you're probably in for a very rocky6 journey. The only time you're likely to be happy is when everything is working out just right. And we all know how often that happens.As an experiment, see if you can apply this idea to something you are forced to deal with. Perhaps you have much pressure from your parents or you have a demanding7 boss. See if you can redefine the issue you face from being a “problem”to being a test. Rather than8 struggling with your issue, see if there is something you can learn from it. Ask yourself, “Why is this an issue in my life? What would it mean and what would be involved to rise above it? Could I possibly look at this issue any differently? Can I see it as a test of some kind?”Questions 1 to 5 are based on the passage above.1.According to the passage,what is the author's attitude towards life?A.He takes his life seriously.B.He considers life as test.C.He knows where to go and what to do.B.He thinks life is full of humorous wisdom.2.When you begin to consider life as a test,you will find _____.A.you are bombarded with problems and responsibilitiesB.the result of the test is so good that you are delightedC.you have many opportunities to growD.you have to go to school to take tests everyday3.Which of the following statement is TRUE according to the author?C.When you see each problem as a serious battle,you have more chance to survive.D.When everything is working out just right,you can know how often it happens.4.It is implied from the passage that you'd better look at life as a test when_____.A.you try to get the meaning of the posterB.your parents give you much pressureC.you are carrying out an experimentD.you are in a rocky journey5.Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?A.My Favorite PosterB.Take Life SeriouslyC.Face Challenge of LifeD.Life Is Only A Test文章精要：议论文.本文作者建议人们将生活看成一个测验，以更好地应对生活中的种种困难和挫折.斟词酌句：demanding adj.过分要求的，苛求的当大公司的执行总裁真的是一件费力的工作.指点迷津：Had this been a real life you would have been instructed where to go and what to do. 本句用了虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反.句中省略了连词if.在书面语中条件从句可以不用连词if，只须将谓语中的过去式had移至主语之前即可.2.Whether you're being bombarded with (problems,responsibilities,even insurmountable difficulties), when looked at as a test, you always have a chance to succeed, in the sense of rising above that [which is challenging you].本句的主干是you always have a chance to succeed.whether和when分别引导让步和时间状语从句.注意looked在此处是一个省略用法，相当于they are looked.方括号里的从句是that的定语.句中“in the sense of”表示“从某种意义上来说(你总有机会成功)”.试题精析：选B.本题为观点态度推断题.文中第一段第一句说作者“最喜欢的标语上写着：生活是个测验”，这句话暗示了作者的生活态度.2.选C.本题为主要细节正误题.第二段第一句说“you begin to see each issue you face as an opportunity to grow”，选项C与其意思一致.3.选A.本题为文章细节正误题.第二段第二句“……in the sense of rising above that which is challenging you”中的“rise above”与A选项中的“e”相呼应.4.选D.本题为主要细节正误题.A选项与题干无关;C选项过于牵强；D选项在文中并无相应论述；从第三段第二句“Perhaps you have much pressure from your parents……”可知，B选项正确.5.选D.本题为主旨归纳题.A选项只在文章开头出现，后面就未再提及；B选项与原文意思相反；C选项和D选项相比，后者更加切题.Reading is thought to be a kind of conversation between the reader and the text. The reader puts questions, as it were, to the text and gets answers. In the light of these he puts __1__ questions, and so on.For most of the time this “conversation”There is another conversation which from our point of view is __7__ important, and that is to do not with what is read but with how it is read. We call this a “process”conversation as __8__ to a “content”conversation. It is concerned not with meaning but with the __9__ we employ in reading. If we are an advanced reader our ability to hold a process conversation with a text is usually pretty well __10__. Not so our ability to hold a content conversation.A)opposedB)converseC)equallyD)writtenE)developedF)strategiesH)awakeI)higherJ)expectations K)dealL)absolutely M)awareN)betterO)further参考答案：1. O2. M3. J4. B5. D6. I7. C8. A9. F10.EPsychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can __1__ performance at work and school. Cognitive( 认识派的) researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on __2__ and gifts from others.The latter view has gained many supporters, __3__ among educators. But the careful use of small __4__ rewards speaks creativity in grade school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements( 刺激) indeed __5__inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.“If kids know they’re working for a reward and can focus on a relatively __6__ task, they show the most creativity,”says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. “But it’s easy to __7__ creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards.A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands our high grades for __8__ achievement ends uPwith uninspired students, Eisenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and __9__ failing grades.In early grades, the use of so-called token economies, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points to ward valued rewards, shows __10__ in raising efforts and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims.A)mentalB)promiseC)killD)avoidE)hopeF)especiallyG)aidH)ordinaryI)approvalJ)monetaryK)generallyL)improveM)challengingN)restoreO)excellent参考答案：1. L2. I3. F4. J5. G6. M7. C8. H9. N10. BA lot of animals are afraid during an eclipse1 of the sun. Birds stop singing. Sometimes people too are afraid. Astronomers2 know the dates of eclipses and they are not afraid. The old astronomers of Babylon and Egypt had no telescopes3; but the sky in those countries is usually clear，and so they could watch the stars easily. They studied everything in the sky and they also noticed both total and partial eclipses.Because they knew the dates of eclipses，they had great power. People believed that the sky was important. They believed that an eclipse could kill a man.About 2500 years ago there was a very long war. One battle followed another，and the end never came. During one of the battles，there was a partial eclipse of the sun. The day got very dark，and the soldiers on both sides were filledwith fear. They believed that the gods were angry. So they stopped fighting，and ended their long war.The sun is a star. It appears to be bigger than any other star. That is because it is near us; but the other stars are far away. The sun shines because it is very hot，but the moon shines because it reflects the sun's light. It is like a big mirror. If we visited the moon，we should see the earth. It is also like a mirror and it reflects the light of the sun.Does the sun ever get dark during the day? It does so when the moon hides it. Sometimes the moon goes in front of the sun. We can watch its edge when it slowly crosses the sun's disc5. Everything gets darker and darker; then，at last，Questions 1 to 5 are based on the passage above.The passage is mainly about____.A.the old astronomersB.eclipse of the sunC.the eclipses in Babylon and EgyptD.the correlation between the sun and the earth2.We can conclude from the passage that_____.A.all people are afraid of eclipse of the sunB.the old astronomers could watch the stars easily with telescopesC.the old astronomers had mo interest in the skyD.the date of eclipse could be forecast3.The war mentioned in the third paragraph ended because_____.A.the astronomers used their great power to stop itB.an eclipse killed the soldiers on both sidesC.the war took so long time that the soldiers felt tiredD.a partial eclipse of the sun happened during one of the battles4.Which of the following statements is TRUE?A.The sun is very hot because it shines.B.The moon can shine because it is a star.C.Other stars appear to be smaller than the sun because they are far away.D.The earth cannot reflect the light of the sun because it isn't a real mirror.5.It can be concluded that an eclipse of the sun happens because_____.A.the moon passes between the sun and the earthB.the sun gets dark during the dayC.the earth's shadow falls on the moonD.no light from the sun can reach the moon文章精要：说明文.本文首先介绍了日食对动物和人类的影响，然后解释了日食发生的原因.斟词酌句：eclipse n./vt. (日、月)食;(地位、声誉登的)消失，黯然失色Our happiness was eclipsed by the terrible news. 我们的快乐被可怕的消息蒙上了一层阴影.试题解析：选B.本题为主旨归纳题.本文主要介绍了日食对动物和人类的影响以及日食发生的原因，都和日食有关.所以选B.2.选D.本题为推断题.原文第一段说“Astronomers know the dates of eclipses……”，由此可知，日食发生的日期可以推测出.3.选D.本题为主要细节题.从第三段可知，日偏食发生后，双方士兵以为天神发怒了，“So they stopped fighting,and ended their long war.”，所以D选项是战争结束的原因.4.选C.本题为文章细节正误题.第四段说“It appears to be bigger than any other star.That is because it is near us;but the other stars are far away.”，由此可知他星球看上去比太阳小是因为它们离我们很遥远.5.选A.本题为主要细节正误题.聪最后一段可知，当月亮在地球和太阳之间，遮挡住太阳时，太阳就变黑了，这称为日食，所以A选项为正确答案.B选项为干扰项，它只是日食的现象，而不是原因.A)transplantB)solutionC)gaduallyD)transportE)elementalF)conflictG)continuallyH)mobileI)couplesJ)agriculturalK)includingM)requiresN)primaryO)consisting参考答案：1. 选J).此处应填形容词，修饰名次societies.文章第一句就说The typicalpre-industrial family...“工业化之前的典型家庭模式......”，即“extended" family存在于工业化之前的社会，即agricultural society.故J)正确.选项中的primary”最初的，原始的“不符合原文意思.2. 选A).由be hard to do sth.可知，此处应填动词原形.They are immobile“这样的家庭很难流动”，这说明这样的家庭are hard to...，选项中由transplant和transport 两个动词原形，前者指的是“迁居，迁移”，后者指的是运输，不难推断前者符合原文意思，故A)transplant正确.3. 选C).因为这句话的句子结构完整，固此处应填副词.选项中的副词有gradually和continually,原文中...and the so-called "nuclear" family emerged.所谓的“核心家庭”便出现了“，emerge的意思是“浮现" ，强调经过一个过程后出现的.由此可以判断，这句话坏死说明核心家庭从无到有逐渐出现，而不是连续不断地出现，故选择C)gradually4. 选O).该句可拆分理解，即a family unit... of parents and a smell set of children "一个家庭单元......父母和不多的孩子“，由此可以推出这里要填的词是表示”包含，由......组成“的.选项中的including和consisting均可以表示此意，但由原文中的of可排除including,consist of为固定刺诸，故O)为正确答案.5. 选H).从原文中的more...than可知，此处应填形容词，构成形容词的比较级结构.由第一段最后一句可知the traditional extended family是immobile,那么新型的家庭模式比旧的因该是更有流动性，故应选H)mobile，说明新型的家庭模式的优点.6. 选M).此处应填动词，作这句话的谓语.Super-industrialism“(更发达的)超级工业化”......更具流动性的家庭.可推知空格处应填表示“需要，需求”的词.requires表示出自一种迫切的需要而提出的要求，很明显选择M)requires.7. 选E).此处应填形容词，用来修饰名词s.文中说明家庭被减缩到最......的成员，即由男人和女人组成，男人和女人是一个家庭最基本的成员.选项中的E)elemental“基本的，本质的”，而N)primary“主要的，最早的”，原文强调的是男人和女人是一个家庭最basic的组成部分，故E)更符合原文意思.8.选l).此处应填名词.上段说两人家庭的优点，本句中提到rather than childlessness“而不是不要孩子”，说明晚要孩子是解决工作和孩子的折中的办法，故选项中的e“妥协，折中”符合文意.而solution虽然也表示解决办法，但不能表达夫妇们无可奈何的心情，故排除.9.选F).上题中已提到工作和要孩子之间存在矛盾即conflict，根据上下文意思，这个题相对容易.10.选I).这段一直在说一个家庭里男人和女人因为工作和要孩子的事情发生争吵，那么将来要解决这个问题的仍然是家庭中的夫妻两人，故这里应填I)couples.导读：The typical pre-industrial family not only had a good many children, but numerous other dependents as well---grandparents, uncles, aunts and cousions. Such "extended" families were suited for survival in slow paced J)agricultural societies. But such families are hard to A)transplant. They are immobile.(The typical pre-industrial family="extended" family)，第一段说明工业化前的大家庭模式的特点：很难流动.)(第二段与第一段形成对比，说明industrialism“工业化”要求家庭必须流动，导致大家庭变得越来越小，甚至只剩下最基本的成员：男人和女人.)(最后一段说明工业化背景下，参加工作和要孩子之间存在矛盾.)。

2019英语四级阅读理解练习题及解析(9)

2019英语四级阅读理解练习题及解析(9)Everyday we go to school and listen to the teacher, and the teacher will ask us some questions. Sometimes, the classmates will ask your opinions of the work of the class. When you are telling others in the class what you have found out about these topics, remember that they must be able to hear what you are saying. You are not taking part in a family conversation or having a chat(闲谈)with friends—you are in a slightly unnatural situation where a large group of peoplewill remain silent, waiting to hear what you have to say. You must speak so that they can hear you—loudly enough andclearly enough but without trying to shout of appearing to force yourself.Remember, too, that it is the same if you are called to an interview whether it is with a professor of your school or a government official who might meet you. The person you are seeing will try to put you at your ease(轻松)but thesituation is somewhat(一点儿)different from that of an ordinary conversation. You must take special care that you can be heard.1.When you speak to the class, you should speak ________.A.as loudly as possibleB.in a low voiceC.loudlyD.forcefullyually, when you speak to the class, the class is__________.A.noisyB.quietC.having a restD.serious3.The situation in the class is ________ that in your house.A.not very different fromB.sometimes the same asC..sometimes not the same asD.not the same as4. If you are having a conversation with an official,the most important thing for you is _______.A.to show your abilityB.to be very gentleC. to make sure that you can be heardD.to put theofficial at ease5.The main idea of this passage is ________.A.that we must use different ways at differentsituationsB.that we must speak loudlyC.that we must keep silent at any timeD.that we must talk with the class1.答案解析1.C。

2019年下半年大学英语四级模拟试卷及答案：快速阅读

2019大学英语四级阅读理解模拟题及解析(19)

2019 大学英语四级阅读理解模拟试题及剖析(19) 【阅读练习】Americans are proud of their variety and individualty, yetthey love and respect few things more than a uniform. Whyare uniforms so __1__ in the United States?Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first isthat in the eyes of most people they look more __2__ thancivilian( 百姓的 ) clothes. People have become conditioned to__3__ superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears a uniform tends to __4__ moretrust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the__5__ of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What an easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or awaiter to __6__ professional identity( 身份 ) than to step out of uniform? Uniforms also have many __7__ benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes.Primary among the arguments against uniforms is theirlack of variety and the consequent loss of __8__ experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generallystuck with it, without __9__, until retirement. When peoplelook alike, they tend to think, speak, and act __10__, onthe job at least.[A]skill[B]popular[C]get[D]change[E]similarly[F]professional[G]character[H]individuality[I]inspire[J]differently[K]expect[L]practical[M]recall[N]lose[O]ordinaryANSWERS：1.选 B)。

CET4模拟测试题9ModelTest9

CET4模拟测试题9ModelTest9Model Test N i n ePart I Writing (30minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. Suppose you have two ways to learn about other countries: one is to travel abroad and the other to obtain the information online. You are to make a choice. Write an essay to explain the reasons for your choice. You should write at least120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section AQuestions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1.A) Because the storm had cut power to them.B)Because the roads to them had been flooded.C)Because there might be mud slides.D)Because there might be tsunami.2.A) It is expected to last until Saturday afternoon.B)It has caused over 300 traffic deaths.C)It is the strongest one in years.D)It will be at its strongest on Saturday afternoon.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3.A) A car crash. B) A bushfire. C) A burglary. D) A terrorist attack.4.A) More than 15 homes had moved our.B)More than 50 homes had joined the fight.C)They had not had the fire under control yet.D)They had found a way to put out the fire.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5.A) They are useful in terms of security but have rusted.B)They are useful in terms of security but not beautiful.C)They are no longer strong enough to protect the tower.D)They are no longer needed as a photo spot.6.A) It is the most visited monument in the world.B)It is totally free of charge for visiting.C)The entry to the forecourt of the tower is free.D)The entry to the forecourt of the tower will be charged.7.A) Less visitor entrances. C) Ornamental lights.B)More security guards. D) Better elevators.Section BQuestions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8.A) He played tennis for his high school team.B)He played football for his high school team.C)He played tennis starting from his junior year.D)He played tennis starting from his senior year.9.A) Tennis. B) Basketball. C) Golf. D) Volleyball.10.A) Because he has a lot in common with the woman.B)Because he thinks the woman is a good player.C)Because his team lacks girl players.D)Because his team can learn a lot from the woman.11.A) Join the man to watch a match. B) Visit a new stadium with the man.C) Watch the man play in a match. D) Join the man to play in a match. Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A) An interview between a customer and a shopping aB)An interview between an airport staff and a passenger.C)A conversation between two working staff about the airport’s future improvement.D)A conversation between an air-hostess and a passenger about the inflight meal service.13.A) Because many people want to stay in shape.B)Because he wants to take every chance to improve his health.C)Because many people are tired after long flights.D)Because massaging will be a good way to kill time.14.A) Seasonal ones. B) Fresh ones. C) Local ones. D) Juicy ones.15.A) Disappointing. B) Satisfying. C) Outdated. D) Lovely.Section CQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A) Because the planets are the same size as Earth.B)Because the planets are similar in many aspects to Earth.C)Because the planets are capable of supporting life.D)Because the planets have water on their surface.17.A) They are rocky planets . B) They are gaseous like Jupiter.C) They are covered by water. D) They are covered by sea ice.18.A) Because it has the right temperature and enough greenhouse gases.B)Because it has the right amount of water and enough greenhouse gases.C)Because it has the right atmosphere and enough greenhouse gases.D)Because it has the right gravity and enough greenhouseQuestions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A) They should be widely used in the field of social services.B)They should be blamed for the increasing unemployment.C)They should be taxed the same amount as the people they replace.D)They should be taxed more than the ordinary people.20.A) They will surely face massive unemployment.B)They will need less income tax to spend.C)They will have less income tax to spend.D)They will have no need to cope with the changes.21.A) Psychologists. C) Room cleaners.B) Police officers. D) Doctors.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22.A) People who sleep late are smarter and more creative.B)People who sleep late are always late for their jobs.C)People who sleep late are easily irritated.D)People who sleep hate are slow and ineffective in their jobs.23.A) You will feel exhausted all day long. B) You can’t justify your lateness.C) You will be late for your work. D) You can’t find persuasive excuses.I) flexibility J) identical K) informed L) likely M) mistake N) selectively O) shapingA) betterB) competitivelyC) contraryD) curiosityE) evidenceF) explainedG) facilityH) fact24. A) Because they can fully enjoy themselves late at night.B) Because they can fully concentrate their attention late at night.C) Because they can read the most fascinating book late at night.D) Because they can make rapid progress in mentality late at night.25. A) Group intelligence tests. C) Deductive reasoning tests.B) Emotional intelligence tests. D) Inductive reasoning tests.Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes )Section AQuestions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Ask a left-wing Briton what they believe about the safety of nuclear power, and you can guess their answer. Ask a right-wing American about the risks posed by climate change, and you can also make a 26 guess than if you didn’t know their politic al affiliation. Issues like these feel like they should be 27 by science, not our political tribes, but sadly, that’s not what happens.Psychology has long shown that education and intelligence won’t stop your politics from 28 your broader worldview, even if those beliefs do not match the hard evidence. Instead ,your ability to weigh up the facts may depend on a less well-recognised trait- 29 .There is now a mountain of 30 to show that politics doesn’t just help predict people’s views on some scientific issues; it alsoaffects how they interpret new information. This is why it is a 31 to think that you can somehow “ correct” people’s views on an issue by giving th em more facts, since study after study has shown that people have a tendency to 32 reject facts that don’t fit with their existing views.But smarter people shouldn’t be susceptible to prejudice swaying their opinions, right? Wrong. Other research shows that people with the most education, highest mathematical abilities, and the strongest tendencies to be reflective about their beliefs are the most 33 to resist information which should contradict their prejudices . This undermines the simplistic assumption that prejudices are the result of too much gut instinct and not enough deep thought. Rather, people who have the 34 for deeper thought about an issue can use those cognitive powers to justify what they already believe and find reasons to dismiss apparently_ 35 evidence.Section BHow to Fix the Internet[A] We have to fix the internet. After 40 years, it has begun to corrode, both itself and us . It is still a marvelous and miraculous invention, but now there are bugs in the foundation, bats in the belfry, and trolls in the basement.[B] I do not mean this to be one of those technophobic rants insulting the interne for rewiring our brains to give us the nervous attention span of Donald Trump on Twitter or pontificating about how we have to log off and smell the flowers. Those worries about new technologies have existed ever since Plato was concerned that the technology of writing would threaten memorization and oratory (演讲术) .I love the interne and all of its digital offshoots. What I feel sad for is its decline.[C]There is a bug in its original design that at first seemed like a feature but has gradually, and now rapidly, been exploited by hackers and trolls and malevolent actors: Its packets are encoded with the address of their destination but not of their authentic origin. With a circuit-switched network, you can track or trace back the origins of the information, but that’s not true with the packet-switched design of the internet.[D]Compounding this was the architecture that Tim Berners-Lee and the inventors of the early browsers created for the World Wide Web. It brilliantly allowed the whole of the earth’s computers to be webbed together and navigated through hyperlinks. But the links were one-way. You knew where the links took you . But if you had a webpage or pi ece of content, you didn’t exactly know who was linking to you or coming to use your content.[E]All of that protected the potential for anonymity. You could make comments anonymously. Go to a webpage anonymously. Consume content anonymously. With a little effort, send email anonymously . And if you figured out a way to get into someone’s servers or da tabases, you could do it anonymously.[F]For years, the benefits of anonymity on the net outweighed its drawbacks. People felt more free to express themselves, which was especially valuable if they were holding different opinions or hiding a personal secret. This was celebrated in the famous 1993 New Yorker cart oon, “On the Internet, nobody knows you’re a dog.”[G]Now the problem is nobody can tell if you’re a troll. Or a hacker . Or a bot .Or a Macedonian (马其顿的) teenager publishing a story that the Pope has supported Trump . This haspoisoned civil discourse, enabled hacking, permitted cyberbullying , and made email a risk.[H]The lack of secure identification and authentication ( 身份认证) inherent in the internet’s genetic code had also prevented easy transactions, obstructed financial inclusion, destroyed the business models of content creators, unleashed the overflow of spam ( 垃圾邮件) ，and forced us to use passwords and two-factor authentication schemes that would have confused Houdini. The trillions being spent and the IQ points of computer science talent being allocated to tackle security issues make it a drag, rather that a spur, to productivity in some sectors.[I]It Pla to’s Republic, we learn the tale of the Ring of Gyges. Put it on , and you’re invisibl e and anonymous. The question that Plato asks is whether those who put on the ring will be civil and moral. He thinks not, The internet has proven him correct. The web is no longer a place of community, no longer a marketplace. Every day more sites are eliminating comments sections.[J]If we could start from scratch, here’s what I think we would do：Greate a system that enables content producers to negotiate with aggregators ( 整合者) and search engines to get a royalty whenever their content is used, like ASCAP has negotiated for public performances and radio airings of its members’ works. Embed (嵌入) a simple digital wallet and currency for quick and easy small payments for songs, blogs, articles , and whatever other digital content is for sale. Encode emails with an authenticated return or originating address. Enforce critical properties and security at the lowest levels of the system possible, such as in the hardware or in the programming language, instead of leaving it to programmers to incorporate security into everyline of code they write. Build chips and machines that update the notion of an internet packet. For those who want, their packets could be encoded or tagged with metadata ( 元数据) that describe what they contain and give the rules for how it can be used.[K]M ost internet engineers think that these reforms are possible, from Vint Cerf, the original TCP/IP coauthor, to Milo Medin of Google, to Howard Shrobe, the director of cybersecurity at MIT. “We don’t need to live in cyber hell,”Shrobe has argued. Implementing them is less a matter of technology than of cost and social will .Some people, understandably, will resist any reduction of anonymity, which they sometimes label privacy.[L]S o the best approach, I think, would be to try to create a voluntary system, for those who want to use it, to have verified identification and authentication. People would not be forced to use such a system. If they wanted to communicate and surf anonymously, they could. But those of us who choose, at times, not to be anonymous and not to deal with people who are anonymous should have that right as well. That’s the way it works in the real world.[M]T he benefits would be many. Easy and secure ways to deal with your finances and medical records. Small payment systems that could reward valued content rather than the current incentive to concentrate on clickbait for advertising. Less hacking, spamming, cyberbullying, trolling, and spewing of anonymous hate . And the possibility of a more civil discourse.36.The one-way hyperlinks enable users to do many things online anonymously.37.Although anonymity can make people conceal their identity online, now it has poisoned their online life.38.To adopt the voluntary system would be advantageous to our online life in a number of aspects.39.There are several ways to reduce anonymity if we can rebuild the internet from the very beginning.40.The author suggested inventing a system to let people go online anonymously or not as they wish.41.The author thinks the internet should be fixed not because he is afraid of new technologies but because problems arise in it.42.Pubic opposition could become one of the biggest obstacles to carrying out the reforms.43.The hazard of anonymity mentioned by Plato has been shown on the internet.44.People used to think that anonymity online did more good than harm.45.It is the design of the internet that makes it impossible to find out where the information comes from. Section C Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.In today’s world, online social media has become more powerful and the most destructive thing over worldwide. Although with time all generations have come to embrace the changes social network has brought about, teenagers and young adults are the most fanatic users of these sites. According to various research studies in the field of online social networks, it has been revealed that these sites are impacting the lives of the youth greatly. When using these sites such as Twitter, Facebook or Myspace, there are both positive and negative effects on the youth.Firstly, social media helps the youth and any other userupdated with what is happening around the world, and helps the teenagers stay connected and interact with each other even if they are many miles apart. This strengthens their relationship. Even if they finished school and moved to different locations, they stay connected and update one another.In addition, social media sites have provided a platform whereby the youth can create groups and pages based on their common discipline and end up building connections and opportunities for their respective careers by updating various topics to discuss. Youth who have been interviewed say that social media has become their lifestyle and it makes their lives easier and more efficient.While on the one hand social network sites seem to bring people together and stay connected, on the other hand it causes many physical and mental health problems such as eyes infection, back problems, etc. Other negative effects of social networking various people suggested included encouraging poor spelling and grammar, exposing underage to online predators ( 捕食者) , allowing spread of misinformation that is seen as fact, decreasing productivity as those who are supposed to e working spend time in the sites to chat, providing a perfect platform for cyberbullying and providing details that increase risks of identity theft.“The more social media we have, the more we think we’re connecting, yet we are really disconnecting from each other.”In conclusion, social networking clearly portrays both positive and negative effects on the youth. It is the decision of individuals whether to use it in a right way or wrong.46.According to the first paragraph, .A)both online and offline social media have developed quicklyB)social medial sites are always being attackedC)the effects of social medial were welcomed in the beginningD)the most crazy fans of social medial are the youth47.What is young people’s purpose in adopting the platform offered by social media sites?A. To improve their academic performance.B)To lay the foundation for their future careers.C)To practice their debate skills.D)To change their way of living.48.What does the author mainly imply about the disadvantages of social networking?A)Increasing the prevalence of oral errors. B) Putting minors in danger.C) Spreading falsehoods and rumors. D) Leaki ng users’ personal information.49.The author’s attitude towards social media is .A)objective B) positive C) negative D) impassive50.What’s the main topic of this passage?A)The introduction of online social media history.B)The research on online social media.C)The influence of online social media on the youth.D)The correct way to use online social media.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Cutting toxic levels of city air pollution to safer levels is simple, but not easy-it requires resolve. Yet, despite the key culprit (罪犯) in the UK being well known-diesel (柴油机的) vehicles-the government has been asleep at the wheel for years.Levels of nitrogen dioxide (二氧化氮) have been illegally highacross much of the UK since 2010. In 2015 86% of major urban areas broke annual limits. Cutting this pollution means choking off diesel emissions and there is a wide range of effective measures available.Creating zones in city centres where polluting care are either banned or charged is important, while making cities safe for cycling cuts traffic too.Cleaner buses and taxis have an important role to play and change to the perverse taxes that encourage people to buy diesel over cleaner cars is needed. There is also some support for a revival of a scrappage scheme which saw dirty old bangers taken off the road.The environment and transport departments were well aware of all this and proposed many of these measures internally, only for the Treasury to reject most of them, arguing they “ would be political ly very difficult, especially given the impacts on motorists.”Motorists happen to be particularly badly exposed to air pollution, but the real political difficulty for the government is two humiliating legal defeats in two years where judges ruled its air pollution plans were so bad they were illegal.Ministers have now been forced to come up with a third plan, but clean air zones and car tax changes take time to clean up the air. Yet the UK government is also in the slow lane when it comes to emergency measures.When foul air descended on Paris in December, officials there swung into action. Public transport was made free and the number of cars allowed on roads was restricted, alternately barring those with odd and even licence plates. In the UK, during the same December smog, the government sent a few tweets.At the root of the problem are diesel cars, which successive governments across Europe have utterly failed to ensure meet legal emissions limits when driving in real-world conditions on the road. The gaming of regulatory tests by carmakers was blown open by the Volkswagen scandal. The scandal of governments prioritising supposed driver freedom over the lungs and health of their citizens is only now playing out.51.What does the author think of fixing air pollution in the first paragraph？A)It is a piece of cake. B) It needs political will.C) It is the main problem. D) It has a lone way to go.52.The aim of those in favor of a scrappage scheme is .A)to reduce diesel emissions B) to encourage the use of old carsC) to retire low-end old vehicles D) to cut own on traffic accidents53.It can be inferred from the passage that the Treasury .A)was quite clear about the current situation of air pollutionB)opposed almost every proposal about reducing air pollutionC)believed the anti-pollution measures to be unaffordableD)made such objections partly due to the effects on drivers54.Why do the UK ministers have to put forward a third air pollution plan?A)Because drivers are suffering the most from sir pollution.B)Because the first two plans were found illegal by the judges.C)Because long-term solutions are ignored by the government.D)Because emergency measures are falling behind.55.Which of the following measures did the Frenchgovernment take when smog suddenly arrived in December?A)Establishing clean air zones. C) Limiting vehicles based on license plate number.B)Reforming car taxes. D) Posting several announcements on Twitter.Part ⅣTranslation (30 minutes)西汉时期，中国的船队就达到了印度和斯里兰卡（Sri Lanka）,用中国的丝绸换取了琉璃（colored glaze）、珍珠等物品。

大学英语四级考试阅读模拟试题(9).doc

2019年大学英语四级考试阅读模拟试题（9）There is no denying that students should learn something about how computers work, just as we expect them at least to understand that the internal combustion engine has something to do with burning fuel, expanding gases and pistons being driven. For people should have some basic idea of how the things that they use do what they do. Further, students might be helped by a course that considers the computer’s impact on society. But that is not what is meant by computer literacy. For computer literacy is not a form of literacy;it is a trade skill that should not be taught as a liberal art.Learning how to use a computer and learning how to program one are two distinct activities, A case might be made that the competent citizens of tomorrow should free themselves from their fear of computers. But this is quite different from saying that all ought to know how to program one. Leave that to people who have c hosen programming as a career. While programming can be lots of fun, and while our society needs some people who are experts at it, the same is true of auto repair and violin making.Learning how to use a computer is not that difficult, and it gets easier all the time as programs become moreuser?friendly. Let us assume that in the future everyone is going to have to know how to use a computer to be a competent citizen. What does the phraselearning to use a computermean? It sounds like learning to drive a car, that is, it sounds as if there is some set of definite skills that, once acquired, enable one to use a computer.In fact,learning to use a computeris much more likelearning to play a game, but learning the rules of one game may not help you play a second game, whose rules may not be the same. There is no such a thing as teaching someone how to use a computer. One can only teach people to use this or that program and generally that is easily accomplished.1. To be the competent citizens of tomorrow, people should _______.A) try to lay a solid foundation in computer scienceB) be aware of how the things that they use do what they doC) learn to use a computer by acquiring a certain set of skillsD) understand that programming a computer is more essential than repairing a car2. In the second paragraph violin?makingis mentioned to show that _______ .A) programming a computer is as interesting as making a violinB) our society needs experts in different fieldsC) violin making requires as much skill as computer programmingD) people who can use a computer don’t necessarily have to know computer program-ming3. Learning to use a computer is getting easier all the time because _______ .A) programs are becoming less complicatedB) programs are designed to be convenient to usersC) programming is becoming easier and easierD) programs are becoming readily available to computer users4. According to the author,the phraselearning to use a computer(Lines3,4,Para.3)means learning _______.A) a set of rules B) the fundamentals of computer scienceC) specific programs D) general principles of programming5. The author’s purpose in writing this passage is _______.A) to stress the impact of the computer on societyB) to explain the concept of computer literacyC) to illustrate the requirements for being competent citizens of tomorrowD) to emphasize that computer programming is an interesting and challenging job参考答案1、[C]2、[D]3、[B]4、[C]5、[B]。

2019年6月全国大学英语四级模拟真题与答案详解

2019 年 6 月大学英语四级模拟真题及答案详解( 第一套)Part I Writing (25 minutes)( 请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an advertisement on your campus website to sell a computer you used at college. Your advertisement may include its brand, specifications/features, condition and price, and your contact information.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and questions will be spoken only once. After you hear questions, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 1 上作答。

大学英语四级(阅读)模拟试卷9(题后含答案及解析)

大学英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷9(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 4. Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.Real policemen hardly recognize any resemblance between their lives and what they see on TV—if they ever get home in time. There are similarities, of course, but the cops don’t think much of them. The first difference is that a policeman’s real life revolves round the law. Most of his training is in criminal law. He has to know exactly what actions are crimes and what evidence can be used to prove them in court. He has to know nearly as much law as a professional lawyer, and what is more, he has to apply it on his feet, in the dark and rain, running down an alley after someone he wants to talk to. Little of his time is spent in chatting to scantily-clad (衣着暴露的) ladies or in dramatic confrontations with desperate criminals. He will spend most of his working life typing millions of words on thousands of forms about hundreds of sad, unimportant people who are guilty—or not—of stupid, petty crimes. Most television crime drama is about finding the criminals: as soon as he’s arrested, the story is over. In real life, finding criminals is seldom much of a problem. Except in very serious cases like murders and terrorist attack—where failure to produce results reflects on the standing of the police—little effort is spent on searching. Having made an arrest, a detective really starts to work. He has to prove his case in court and to do that he often has to gather a lot of different evidence. So, as well as being overworked, a detective has to be out at all hours of the day and night interviewing his witnesses and persuading them, usually against their own best interests, to help him.1．The first sentence implies that______.A．the life of the real policemen and that of the policemen on TV are entirely differentB．the real policemen will find the similarities if they can get home in timeC．the real policemen seldom can get home in time to watch TVD．the policemen shown on TV can always get home in time正确答案：C解析：推理判断题。

2019年6月全国大学英语四级模拟真题及答案详解

2019年6月大学英语四级模拟真题及答案详解(第一套)Part I Writing (25 minutes)(请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an advertisement on your campus website to sell a computer you used at college. Your advertisement may include its brand, specifications/features, condition and price, and your contact information.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and questions will be spoken only once. After you hear questions, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

2019年下半年大学英语四级模拟试卷及答案：快速阅读

2019年下半年大学英语四级模拟试卷及答案：快速阅读(Skimming and Scanning)Directions： In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. For question 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Animals on the MoveIt looked like a scene from “Jaws” but without the dramatic music. A huge shark was slowly swimming through the water, its tail swinging back and forth like the pendulum of a clock.Suddenly sensitive nerve ending in the shark’s skin picked up vibrations of a struggling fish. The shark was immediately transformed into a deadly, efficient machine of death. With muscles taut, the shark knifed through the water at a rapid speed. In a flash the shark caught its victim, a large fish, in its powerful jaws. Then, jerking its head back and forth, the shark tore huge chunks of flesh from itsvictim and swallowed them. Soon the action was over.Moving to SurviveIn pursuing its prey, the shark demonstrated in a dramatic way the important role of movement, or locomotion, in animals.Like the shark, most animals use movement to find food. They also use locomotion to escape enemies, find a mate, and explore new territories. The methods of locomotion include crawling, hopping, slithering, flying, swimming, or walking.Humans have the added advantage of using their various inventions to move about in just about any kind of environment. Automobiles, rockets, and submarines transport humans from deep oceans to as far away as the moon. However, for other animals movement came about naturally through millions of years of evolution. One of the most successful examples of animal locomotion is that of the shark. Itsability to quickly zero in on its prey has always impressed scientists. But it took a detailed study by Duke University marine biologists S. A. Wainwright, F. Vosburgh, and J. H. Hebrank to find out how the sharks did it. In their study the scientists observed sharks swimming in a tank at Marine land in Saint Augustine, Fla. Movies were taken of the sharks’ movements and analyzed. Studies were also made of shark skin and muscle.Skin Is the KeyThe biologists discovered that the skin of the shark is the key to the animal’s hi gh efficiency in swimming through the water. The skin contains many fibers that crisscross like the inside of a belted radial tire. The fibers are called collagen fibers. These fibers can either store or release large amounts of energy depending on whether the fibers are relaxed or taut. When the fibers are stretched, energy is stored in them the way energy is stored in the string of abow when pulled tight. When the energy is released, thefibers become relaxed.The Duke University biologists have found that the greatest stretching occurs where the shark bends its body while swimming. During the body’s back and forth motion, fibers along the outside part of the bending body stretch greatly. Much potential energy is stored in the fibers. This energy is re leased when the shark’s body snaps back the other way.As energy is alternately stored and released on both sides of the animal’s body, the tail whips strongly back and forth. This whip-like action propels the animal through the water like a living bullet.Source of EnergyWhat causes the fibers to store so much energy? In finding the answer the Duke University scientists learnedthat the shark’s similarity to a belted radial tire doesn’t stop with the skin. Just as a radial tire is inflated bypre ssure, so, too, is the area just under the shark’s collagen “radials”. Instead of air pressure, however, the pressure in the shark may be due to the force of the blood pressing on the collagen fibers.When the shark swims slowly, the pressure on the fibers is relatively low. The fibers are more relaxed, and the shark is able to bend its body at sharp angles. The animal swims this way when looking around for food or just swimming. However, when the shark detects an important food source, some fantastic involuntary changes take place.The pressure inside the animal may increase by 10 times. This pressure change greatly stretches the fibers, enabling much energy to be stored.This energy is then transferred to the tail, and theshark is off. The rest of the story is predictable.Dolphin Has Speed RecordAnother fast marine animal is the dolphin. This seagoing mammal has been clocked at speeds of 32 kilometers (20 miles) an hour. Biologists studying the dolphin have discovered that, like the shark, the animal’s efficient locomotion can be traced to its skin. A dolphin’s skin is made up in such away that it offers very little resistance to the waterflowing over it. Normally when a fish or other object moves slowly through the water, the water flows smoothly past the body. This smooth flow is known as laminar flow. However, at faster speeds the water becomes more turbulent along the moving fish. This turbulence muses friction and slows thefish down.In a dolphin the skin is so flexible that it bends and yields to the waviness of the water. The waves, in effect, become tucked into the skin’s folds. This allows the rest of the water to move smoothly by in a laminar flow. Where other animals would be slowed by turbulent water at rapid speeds,the dolphin can race through the water at record breaking speeds.Other Animals Less EfficientNot all animals move as efficiently as sharks and dolphins. Perhaps the greatest loser in locomotion efficiencyis the slug. The slug, which looks like a snail without a shell, lays down a slimy trail over which it crawls. It uses so much energy producing the slimy mucus and crawling over it that a mouse traveling the same distance uses only onetwelfth as much energy.Scientists say that because of the slug’s i nefficient use of energy, its lifestyle must be restricted. That is, the animals are forced to confine themselves to small areas for obtaining food and finding proper living conditions. Have humans ever been faced with this kind of problem?1.According to the passage, a shark can use movement to do something except____________.[A]to find food[B]to avoid being chased by its enemies[C]to find a new place to live[D]to show its braveness2.Examples of automobiles, rockets and submarines are used to show that _______________.[A]humans are the most clever living creatures in the world[B]human inventions enable us to travel in almost any kind of environment[C]humans are very successful in inventingtransportation tools[D]humans can’t move like other animals in any circumstances3.What is the key to the shark’s swift locomotion in water?[A]The skin. [B]The tail. [C]The muscle. [D]The jaw.4.According to the Duke University scientists, when does the shark stretch its collagen fibers to the greatest extent?[A]When moving its tail rapidly.[B]When finding its preys.[C]When staying without any movement.[D]When bending its body in swimming.5.Why is the area just under the shark’s collagenfibers similar to a belted radial tire?[A]Because it is also full of blood pressure.[B]Because it is also filled of air pressure.[C]Because it is also inflated by pressure.[D]Because it also can be used again and again.6.A laminar flow is formed when a fishswims________________.[A]slowly through the water[B]rapidly through the water[C]against the current [D]at the fastest speed in water7.Consuming the equal amount of energy as a slug does, a mouse can travel _________ as long as a slug.[A]one twelfth times[B]the same[C]12 times[D]1.2 times8.A shark finds its prey by________________.9.According to the passage, _______________can be compared to the string of a bow for both of them store energy when stretched.10.When the shark detects an important food source,_______________________take place.1.【解析】[D]属同义转换题，本题是一种排除选择题。

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2019大学英语四级快速阅读模拟练习题（9）
1. What made the author think the youngwoman was not
American born?
A) Her appearances and style.
B) Her English accent.
C) Her body language.
D) The class she attended.
2. PC-based language learning products arespringing up widely, thanks to __
A) the economic globalization
B) the easier access to Intemet
C) the popularity of PC
D) the intensity of social contact
3. Online language programs keep studentsinterested by __
A) supplying them with healthy diet
B) rewarding them with lower tuition
C) shortening the learning period
D) offering funny games as rewards
4. According to Mike Levy from GriffithUniversity, __
A) learning online is better than attendinga class
B) online courses cost less than collegecourses
C) it's better to choose courses with humancontact
D) it's not worth attending Internet-basedprograms
5. RosettaWorld is a product __
A) being a main competitor ofRosettaStone
B) by which users can chat online withnatives
C) including traditional lesson-basedmodule
D) by which users can play games related tolanguage
6. As TellMeMore believes, what's its ownadvantage over RosettaStone?
A) Its software contains morefunctions.
B) It charges less than RosettaStone.
C) Its product is available onCD-ROM.
D) It has enough material to motivateusers. 7. For a package of $20 a month, Livemocha students __
A) can speak online to a native-speakingtutor
B) can submit voice recordings to teachers
C) are not allowed to join social networkgroup
D) can receive recommendations each lesson
8. Babbel users can not only talk online toothers in their desired language, but learn
9. As a smartphone application, LonelyPlanet Phrasebooks simply ________________useful phrases.
10. NeitherRosettaStone nor TellMeMore has announced when to ________________smartphoneapplications.。