14 水手英语听力 第8章
航海英语听力与会话第三版问答与口述题参考答案
航海英语听力与会话第三版（问答与口述题参考答案）（问答与口述题参考答案）无限航区船舶二/三副问答题参考答案三副问答题参考答案第一章第一章1. What What’’s your date of birth? 你的出生日期。
My date of birth is --- 2. What What’’s your seaman s your seaman’’s book number? 你的队长的国籍你的队长的国籍??My seaman My seaman’’s book number is -----3. where are you from ? 你从哪里来你从哪里来??I am from ---4. What What’’s your Captain s your Captain’’s nationality? 你的队长的国籍你的队长的国籍??My Captain My Captain’’s nationality is ---5. What do you think is the most inportant thing on board?你认为什么是最重要的东西登机吗?I think the most important thing on board is safety navigation.6. Which ports do you often call at? 你常说的哪些港口你常说的哪些港口??We often an Shanghai, Xiamen, Hong Kong.7. What is your favorite TV program? 什么是你最喜欢的电视节目怎么样什么是你最喜欢的电视节目怎么样??My favorite TV program is news.8. What is your favorite Wob site? 什么是你最喜欢的网站吗什么是你最喜欢的网站吗??My favorite Web site is ----9. What is your favorite day of the week ? why?什么是一周中最喜欢的那一天吗什么是一周中最喜欢的那一天吗??为什么为什么?? My favorite day of the week is Saturday, because it is holiday.10. W hat is your favorite kind of movie?你最喜欢什么类型的电影你最喜欢什么类型的电影??My favorite kind of movie is action movies.11. W hat is your favorite kind of music? 你最喜欢什么类型的音乐你最喜欢什么类型的音乐??My favorite kind of music is pop music.12. W hat is your favorite magazine?什么是你最喜欢的杂志吗什么是你最喜欢的杂志吗??My favorite magazine is --- 13. W hat is the population of your hometow?你的人口有成年时离开了家乡吗你的人口有成年时离开了家乡吗?? There are 5 thousand people in my hometown.14. W hat is the population of your country?人口是多少你的国家人口是多少你的国家??The population of my country is 1.3 billion. 15. W hat is the best thing about your hometown? 最好的事情是什么你的家乡吗最好的事情是什么你的家乡吗??The best thing about my hometown is the weather.16. W hat is the worst thing about your hometow?最坏的事情是什麽你的成年时离开了家乡吗最坏的事情是什麽你的成年时离开了家乡吗?? The worst thing about my hometown is living price is too high.especially house price. 17. W hat hat’’s your hometow like? 你的家乡怎么样你的家乡怎么样??My hometown is a small village.18. D o you have many disasters in your country which are caused by weather?你有在你的国家许多灾害所造成的天气怎么样你的国家许多灾害所造成的天气怎么样??Yes, there are typhoon, flood. earthquake19. W hat sports do you like to watch on TV?你喜欢什么体育运动你喜欢什么体育运动,,在电视上看在电视上看??I like to watch football game on TV I like to watch football game on TV. .20. W hat do you think is the most popular sport in the world? 你认为什么是世界上最流行的体育运动吗的体育运动吗??I think playing football is the most popular sport in the world.第三章第三章1. Can you list at least three mooring lines? 你能列出至少三个系泊你能列出至少三个系泊??Yes I can. They are spring line, breast, headline, stern line.2. What should be prepared before the pilot comes on board ? 之前应作什么准备飞行员来同意吗I should prepare pilot ladder, overside (search) light, heaving line, pilot card etc. before the before the ……3. What is the maximum speed through the water that your ship can anchor withoutrisking breaking the cable?速度通过最多的水速度通过最多的水,,你的船能锚定而不冒险你的船能锚定而不冒险,,打破了电缆打破了电缆??The maximum speed through the water is 2 knots that the ship can anchor without risking breaking the cable.4. What flag should be hoisted when a vessel requires a pilot?什么应该悬挂旗帜船舶时需要一名飞行员吗要一名飞行员吗??The signal flag The signal flag ““Golf Golf”” should be hoisted when a vessel requires a pilot.5. How can a ship get in touch with a port before her arrival? 如何能取得联系船向港口在她的到来吗的到来吗??She can use VHF calling, Telex etc. to get in touch with a port …6. What ship What ship’’s particulars will pilot station usually ask for? 何船资料将飞行员站将飞行员站??通常就会向Pilot station often asks ship Pilot station often asks ship’’s maximum draft, LOA, air draft, displacement, cargo on board. ETA. Ship board. ETA. Ship’’s position etc.7. What should be reported to the pilot station?可以报道什么对飞行员车站在哪里可以报道什么对飞行员车站在哪里??Same as above (we should Same as above (we should ………………. To the pilot station) . To the pilot station)8. What should be confirmed from the pilot station ?We should confirm the ETA, pilot on board time and boarding position. Which side to rig pilot ladder etc.9. When the vessel enters the VTS area ,what is requested to report ?当船舶进入VTS 系统的区域的区域,,什么是要求报告吗什么是要求报告吗??When the vessel enters the VTS area, we have to report the ship last port of call, next port of call, ship port of call, ship’’s position s position, cargo onboard, ship’, cargo onboard, ship’, cargo onboard, ship’s draft, air draft to the VTS center. s draft, air draft to the VTS center. 10. W hat does hat does ““foul anchor foul anchor”” mean?“ Foul of anchor Foul of anchor”” means that the anchor has its own cable twisted around it or has fouled an obstruction.11. I f you are ordered: f you are ordered: ““Stand by both engines !Stand by both engines !”” how should you reply and report? 如果你命令果你命令::“站在两个引擎站在两个引擎!!”你应该怎样回复你应该怎样回复,,报告吗报告吗??If If ………………” I should reply I should reply ““stand by both engines stand by both engines”” and report and report ““both engines are stand by, sir by, sir””12. C an you list three famous canals in the world? 你能列举三个著名的运河的世界你能列举三个著名的运河的世界??Yes, the 3 famous canals are Suez Canal, Panama canal and Kiel canal. 13. W hen you request the receiver to remain on channel 16 in VHF communication ,what do you say? 当你请求接收机停留在通道高频16沟通沟通,,你会说什么呢你会说什么呢??When I request When I request……, I would say , I would say ““ please stand by VHF channel 16 please stand by VHF channel 16”” 14. H ow do you rectify the mistake in marine VHF communication?你如何纠正错误的海洋VHF 沟通沟通??If I want to rectify the mistake in VHF , I will say “ Mistake. Correction Mistake. Correction”” , Plus the corrected part of the message.15. H ow do you emphasize the important part of a messge in maritime VHFcommunication? 你怎么强调重要组成部分你怎么强调重要组成部分,,对海域messge VHF 沟通沟通??To emphasis the important part of the message in maritime VHF communication, we should say should say ““Repeat Repeat””, followed by the important part of the message. 16. W hat does hat does ““abandon vessel abandon vessel””mean?“Abandon vessel Abandon vessel”” means to evacuate crew and passengers from a vessel following a distress.17. W hat does the abbreviation ETD stand for?什么时间什么时间((代表什么代表什么??“ETD ETD”” means means ““ estimated time of departure estimated time of departure””18. W hat does hat does ““dredging of an anchor dredging of an anchor””mean? 什么是疏浚锚”的意思是什么的意思是什么??The phrase The phrase “dredging “dredging “dredging of an anchor of an anchor of an anchor”” means moving of an anchor over the sea bottom to control the movement of the vessel.19. W hat does hat does ““underway underway””mean?The phrase The phrase ““under way under way’’ means the vessel which is not at anchor, or made fast to the shore, or aground.20. W hat does hat does ‘‘Dragging of an anchor Dragging of an anchor””mean?“什么拖的锚”的意思是什么 “Dragging “Dragging of anchor of anchor of anchor”” means moving of an anchor over the sea bottom involuntarily because it is no longer preventing the movement of the vessel.21. What is the d 21. What is the difference between a “radar beacon” and a “radar reflector”?ifference between a “radar beacon” and a “radar reflector”? 之间的差别是什么别是什么""雷达指标”和“雷达反射镜”? Radar beacon can transmit signals and used for locating on the shore, but radar reflector can only reflect signals used for SAR on the liferaft..22 How many objects do you 22 How many objects do you need to get a position using ‘horizontal sextant angles”?need to get a position using ‘horizontal sextant angles”? 有多少物体更能你需要找个位置用“水平穿刺视角”吗? 3 objects.23 Why is a magnetic compass kept on board when a gyro compass is more accurate? 为什么是磁罗经保存在船上当陀螺罗盘更准确吗为什么是磁罗经保存在船上当陀螺罗盘更准确吗??Because the magnetic compass can be used for emergency and adjustments.24 What do you report when the anchor has been heaved out of the ground and is clear of it'’ 你们有甚麽话当锚被抛出去了地面与清晰”Anchor aweigh.25 When preparing for anchoring what must you do before releasing the bowstoppers? 当准备锚定之前你做应该释放弓瓶塞吗当准备锚定之前你做应该释放弓瓶塞吗??Supply the power, Standby the anchor ball or light, Test the windlass, Put into the gear, Release the brake26 Would you let go an anchor from the hawse pipe if the depth was 75 meters? 你会让去一个锚从管道让去一个锚从管道hawse hawse hawse如果深度为如果深度为如果深度为757575米吗米吗米吗? ?No, we should not let go anchor from hawse pipe directly, but the anchor can be released with windlass slowly. 27 Why must you consider ship’s speed and sea depth when you release the bow stoppers? 你为什么必须考虑船的速度和海洋深度当你释放弓瓶塞吗你为什么必须考虑船的速度和海洋深度当你释放弓瓶塞吗??Because when the depth is different, we should take different measures for anchoring. And for ship’s safety, during the different phase, the speed should be different, too. 28 What must always be brought and placed close to the pilot ladder well before the pilot’s embarkation? 有什么要带来有什么要带来,,接近放置在领航梯飞行员的登机接近放置在领航梯飞行员的登机? ?The lifebuoy with the lifeline, and at night, there should be a light.29 Why is it dangerous to anchor in ice?为什么是否有危险的船锚为什么是否有危险的船锚,,在冰吗在冰吗? ?The ice can change the angle of the anchor, affect the holding power, and freeze the ship.30 What flag is hoisted when the pilot has arrived on board‘’悬挂国旗是什么当飞行员已经到了装船”Flag “H”第四章第四章1. How many classes of dangerous goods are there according to the IMDGCode ?Can you list some?多少个班级有危险货物按照《国际海运代码多少个班级有危险货物按照《国际海运代码??你能列举一些吗你能列举一些吗??There are 9 classes of dangerous cargoes divided according to the IMDG IMDG. . For example Class 1. Means explosive material, class 2. Flammable gas, class 3. Flammable liquid.2. What kind of cargo is classified as flammable cargo ? 什么样的货物被划分为易燃货什么样的货物被划分为易燃货?? Oil is classified as flammable cargo.3. Please describe the general nature of general cargo .请描述的一般特性普通货运。
译林牛津版八年级上册英语 Unit 8 听力
Unit 8 听力限时：20分钟满分：20分第一部分听对话回答问题。
(计10分)本部分共有10小题, 每小题你将听到一段对话, 每段对话听两遍。
听完后, 你认为选出最合适的备选答案。
( )1. What happened in Japan?A B C( )2. What is happening outside?A B C( )3. What's the weather like in Shanghai?A B C( )4. What is Helen doing now?A B C( ) 5.What disaster are they talking about?A. An earthquake.B. A typhoon.C. A snowstorm.( ) 6.How much will the woman pay?A. $30.B. $15.C. $2.( )7.Who is the tallest of the three boys?A. Tom.B. Bob.C. Mike.( )8.What does the woman mean?A. The man can open the window.B. The man mustn't open the window.C. The woman will open the window herself.( )9.Who will get the stamps this time?A. Millie.B. Millie's sister.C. Mike. ( )10.What's the probable relationship between them?A. Old friends.B. Strangers.C. New friends. 第二部分听对话和短文答题。
(计10分)你将听到一段对话和两篇短文, 各听两遍。
航海专业 英语听力与会话标准版
航海英语听力与会话（标准版）Maritime English for Listening and Conversation对本课程总体的说明教学目的本课程为航海技术海洋船舶驾驶专业的主干课程。
本课程是船舶驾驶专业学生必修的专业英语课程，为学生进行海船船员航海英语听力与评估打下基础，同时也是学生毕业后能在外派船舶上工作而进行的语言技能准备。
教学要求通过本课程的学习和相关听、说学习，要求学生达到：能用英语熟练地传达并应答车令、舵令、靠离泊令、锚泊令及与代理联系靠泊等业务；基本上能使用英语与引水员、海关、移民局及港口国检查人员进行沟通；能较好地进行船舶遇险、救助、申请免除检疫的VHF对话；掌握船舶公共用语，能用英语表达进出港业务和装卸作业；熟悉船舶航行、消防救生和船上结构设备等英语术语，并能用英语部署应急演习。
本课程是航海技术专业的课，也是该专业学生参加评估的课程之一。
与其他课程相比，本课程具有以下明显特点：1．授课过程侧重于专业词汇的解释，学生利用课程所配的光盘不断练习听力能力，根据所听到的内容来选择答案。
2．课程中所需要听明白的句子本身并不复杂，所要选择的项目也较简单，但如果没有听清楚，则答案将无法正确选择，因此本课程在授课过程中将有大部分时间分配给学生，自主练习听力，教师针对学生的个别问题作单独的辅导、讲解。
3．口述和问答部分涉及到航海技术的各专业课程，针对学生部分专业课尚未学习的具体情况及学生用英语来回答问题存在的障碍，宜采用：作业----范例讲解/作业讲评----反复练习的授课方式。
4．阅读部分的授课采用：教师领读---学生课后练习的方法。
5．考试采用口试，试题由计算机从海事局题库中随机抽取，教师根据学生回答情况：语义表达准/正确程度----发音---语速等综合评定成绩。
第一章公共用语首次讲授《航海英语听力与会话》（本科学生----课程名称为《航海英语会话》）时，首先向学生讲明本课程的特点和授课方法，并介绍听力系统的使用方法。
(高级)值班水手英语听力与会话(ppt课件)(ppt,课件)
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Chapter 1 Common English
Lesson One Daily English ——Useful Expression
Sentence ◆The captain is from Asia. ◆What’s the A. B. ’s date of birth? ◆The A. B. ’s date of birth is May 12th 1990. ◆Why don’t you stay a little longer? ◆What’s the matter with you? ◆How long does it take to go from here to
Vocabulary
wait a moment 稍等一下 birth 出生 hold 货舱；持有；拥有 May 五月 seaman 海员，水手 stay 坚持；停留 captain 船长 luggage 行李，箱包 hospital 医院 supermarket 超级市场 matter 有关系；要紧
the hospital? ◆Can you tell me the way to the
supermarket? ◆May I have a look at your seaman book? ◆Do you have any luggage to check? ◆Hold on. / Wait a moment, please.
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内容框架
I Useful Expressions II Listening Part III Speaking Part IV Scripts V New Words
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Listening and Analysis ——Sentence Understanding
2024年人教版八年级上册英语单元听力训练Unit 8
Unit 8一、听句子, 选择合适的图片, 每个句子读一遍A B C D E1. ______2. ______3. ______4. ______5. ______二、听短对话, 选择正确答案, 每段对话读两遍6. What are they talking about?A. The milk shake.B. Ice-cream.C. Bread.7. How long does the boy need to cook the potatoes?A. About 10 minutes.B. About 20 minutes.C. About 30 minutes.8. How many apples do the speakers need to make fruit salad?A. One.B. Two.C. Three.9. Where does the boy probably come from?A. The US.B. China.C. Japan.10. How do they celebrate the festival?A. They dance.B. They sing songs.C. They have a big meal.三、听长对话, 选择正确答案, 每段对话读两遍听第一段对话, 完成11-12 小题。
11. What would the man like to eat?A. Bread and some vegetable salad.B. A hamburger and some fruit salad.C. A cake and a hamburger.12. How much are they?A. 20 dollars.B. 15 dollars.C. 12 dollars.听第二段对话, 完成13-15 小题。
13. What salad do they make?A. Apple salad.B. Banana salad.C. Fruit salad.14. How many oranges do they need?A. Two.B. Three.C. Four.15. How much yogurt do they need?A. One teaspoon.B. One cup.C. Two teaspoons.四、听短文, 完成表格, 短文读两遍Unit 8听力材料:一、1. I like to eat watermelons.2. I’d like to drink water with honey.3. I want a big bowl of tomato and beef noodles.4. Sandwiches are fast food. We shouldn’t eat them a lot.5. People eat turkey on Thanksgiving Day.二、6. W: Do you like the milk shake?M: Yes, I do. I often make it at home.7. M: How long do I need to cook the potatoes, Mum?W: About 30 minutes.8. M: Let’s make fruit salad. How many apples do we need?W: Two and one cup of yogurt.9. M: We have Thanksgiving Day in November. What about your Spring Festival? W: It usually comes in January or February.10. W: How do they celebrate the festival?M: They have a big meal together.三、Text 1W: Can I help you?M: I’d like to have a hamburger and some fruit salad, please.W: Would you like something to drink?M: Yes, a cup of coffee. How much are they?W: 20 dollars.Text 2W: Let’s make fruit salad.M: Good idea. How many oranges do we need?W: Three.M: And how much cheese do we need?W: About one teaspoon.M: Do we need bananas?W: Yes. We need two.M: What about one cup of yogurt?W: OK. And we need an apple, too.四、TextWould you like to learn how to make carrot soup? It is very easy to make. First, you need to prepare one onion, two carrots, some chicken, some butter and some honey. Next, put some butter into a pot. Add two spoons of honey into it. Mix them. Then, cut up the onion and carrots and put them into the pot. Cook them for five minutes. After that, put the chicken into the pot. Remember to add some water. And then cook them for anothe r thirty minutes. Now it’s time to have the delicious soup. 答案:一、1-5: DCBEA二、6-10: ACBAC三、11-15: BACBB四、16. carrot 17. two 18. five 19. water 20. another。
《水手英语》听力与会话(1-12)全集
Chapter 1 Daily EnglishLesson 1I. Answering the questions.1. What’s your date of birth?________.（May 1st 1985.）2. What’s your seaman book number?The number is R1235.3. Where are you from ?I’m from Guangdong China.4. What’s your captain’s nationality?He is Chinese.5.What do you think is the most important thing on board?I think safety is the most important thing on board.6. Which ports do you often call at?I often call at Dalian , Singapore, Hong Kong and so on.7. What’s your marital status?I’m single.8. How long will it take to get Entry Visa to Australia?It will take about one week.9. How do you wish to fly? Economy or first class?I wish to take Economy class.10. Do I have more than the duty-free allowance?Yes, I do.II. Topics.1. Please say something about yourself.a) Your name, age, rank, working experiences, hobbies.b) Your daily work..c) Your spare time activities.My name is____________. I am_________ years old. I am from_________ province.I am a student majoring in navigation in Guangzhou Maritime College.I will graduate in the year _______.I go to class to learn some navigational subjects from Monday to Friday.In the evening, I usually review my lessons.Sometimes, I go to downtown to buy something.During my spare time, I usually read novels or do some sports.I like playing basketball and football very much.Life at school is interesting to me.I will work hard to master the basic navigational knowledge and skills.I am confident that I will become a qualified seafarer in the future.12. Say something about your family.a) Members of your family.b) Their occupations.c) Their hobbies and characteristics.There are _____ people in my family.My grandpa, grandma, father, mother, brother, sister and me.My father is a worker( farmer, teacher, doctor, company staff, government staff, seafarer)My mother is a ___________.(housewife)They work very hard to support my education at school.I am very thankful to them.My father likes reading newspaper very much.(watching TV, playing cards)My mother likes shopping very much.My father and mother are very kindMy father is a man of few words and he talks little.My mother is talkative and she talks a lot.I love my family very much.3. Please say something about your hometown.a) The geographical position, population, and features of your hometown.b) The environment and customs of your hometown.c) The specialties of your hometown.My hometown is located in the southeast part of China.It is a seashore city.There are 3 million people in my hometown.My hometown is developing very fast.The environment in my hometown is very good.People keep their traditional customs.Fishery industry is important to my hometown.It is a major fishery products providing place in China.Nowadays, my hometown has rapid development in tourism.Thousands of tourists from different parts of China and other countries visit my hometown. And people’s living standard has been improved greatly.I am very proud of my hometown.4. Please say something about your responsibilities on boarda) Your position on board..b) Your daily work on board..c) Your duties on board .My position on board is A.B. I am under the Bosun’s Leader, when keep watching, l am under the command of the duty officer.1)before leaving a port, I must test the steering gear, check navigational lights andsignal lights.2)Hoist and low down the Flag, turn on and turn off all kinds of light.3)When sailing at sea, maneuver the steer according to the orders from captain, dutyofficer or pilot.4)Properly change the pilot according to the orders from the duty officer.5)Responsible for the sanitary work in and out of the bridge.6)Rig and take in the pilot ladder and gangway on time.7)When berthing, engage in mooring and unmooring operation.8)Do the Repair and maintenance under the arrangement of the bosun.一级水手在水手长直接领导下，值班时听从值班驾驶员指挥。
2021年英语专八听力真题和原文答案
2021年英语专八听力真题和原文答案PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION [25 MIN]2021英语专八真题音频.mp3SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section, you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, please complete the gap-fulling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammaticallyand semanticallyacceptable.You may use the blank sheet for note taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. Now listen to the mini-lecture. When it is over, you will be given THREE minutes to check your work.Current Challenges Confronting U.S. Higher EducationSection B InterviewThis is the end of Part Two of the interview. Questions 6 to 10 are based on what you have just heard. Question 6, what did Maureen think about socializing with writers?Question 7, what was Maureen's view about a community for poets?Question 8, why did her sections have concluding stanzas?Question 9, what did Maureen think about her way of poetry reading?Question 10, what is the interview mainly about?This is the end of Part One of the interview. Questions 1 to 5 are based on what you have just heard. Question 1, what is Maureen McLean, according to the interviewer?Question 2, when did Maureen first begin to read poetry?Question 3, who were the most important teachers to Maureen?Question 4, which of the following did Maureen feel more strongly about when she returned to teach at Harvard?Question 5, why did Maureen bring recordings to class?答案解析和原文1、MINI-LECTURE 录音原文Current Challenges Confronting U.S. Higher EducationGood morning, everyone. In our last lecture, we discussed challenges that face universities and colleges worldwide. Today, we'll take a special look at U.S. higher education and see what challenges U.S. higher education is facing. OK, let's get started.The first challenge we are examining in today's lecture is the force of the marketplace on higher education. Many people believe that the marketplace has overtaken state government as the dominant external force, shaping and reshaping American higher education, even for public colleges and universities. You may ask, why is it so? Well, as is always the case, government support is not keeping pace with educational expenditures. So, in many ways the market is having more bearing on higher education than government. In order to create more flexibility, many public colleges and universities are now asking for less government regulation and supervision. In some instances, they are even asking for less state money in return for more autonomy. And, their argument is that the current structures and accountability requirements have hindered their capacity to be effective and efficient. The ability to set their own tuition fees and secure freedom from state policies and regulations in areas, such as purchasing and building, represent just some of the additional autonomy that public institutions are seeking. And many are pressing for new legislation to provide this freedom through a range of innovations, including public corporations, charter colleges, state enterprise status and performance contracts.So, what is the result of these efforts? Well, the result is that activities and research in certain fields and disciplines, for example, engineering, applied natural science and agricultural science become higher institutional priorities because they have stronger market value than other programs such as humanities do. So, what has happened is that institutions create new programs, alter academic calendars and pursue differentfinancial aid policies to capture more and better students, in particular those who can afford to pay high tuition. For instance, executive MBA programs are increasingly popular. Also, institutions seek contracts and partnership agreements and enhance research programs with practical applications that have large financial payouts. In order to do so, they are changing their institutional structures. And how do they do it? Let me tell you, institutions would add new units that focus on generating external grants and bringing new technology to market. They would build conference centers and create for profit subsidiaries. All of these are done to generate more revenue for institutions. What are the implications of this? Well, the implications are that academic research is increasingly focused on marketable knowledge. Entrepreneurial priorities are taking precedence, services are being outsourced, and students are carrying an increasing burden to pay higher tuition fees for their education.Then how do university administrators view this trend? That is, the marketplace is showing stronger impact on how institutions are run. In fact, university administrators see little option except to respond to the marketplace. The reason is if their institution does not react effectively, it will not have the necessary resources to offer high quality and diverse academic programs. Institutions unable to compete may face hard circumstances because government support continues to fall, students become better informed consumers and advances in technology also widen the number and reach of competitors. In turn, the ability to compete for students, resources, faculty and prestige becomes a driving strategic force. At its extreme, competition can overtake more traditional academic values. However, the downside of pursuing market goals without appropriately balancing them against the public good is, is that institutions will no longer be able to fulfill their social responsibility to produce well-educated citizens and face the threat of losing their privileged place in society as they resemble more closely other market driven organizations.Now, let's move on to the second challenge facing U.S. higher education, that is the tension between competition and equality in admissions decisions. Since World War Two, U.S. higher education has been engaged in a process of massification, that is expanding to serve students from all walks of life. Motivating this effort is a widespread belief in the power of education to create social and economic mobility, and a belief in the morality and social value of making higher education accessible to everyone. Research data bear out public perceptions. When young people from low-income backgrounds complete a bachelor's degree. Their income and employment characteristics after graduation are equivalent to their peers from more affluent backgrounds. So, education can truly be the great equalizer.Although there is widespread public faith in the value of higher education, the progress of massification has been slow and uneven. And why is it slow and uneven? Well, one, higher education did not admit significant numbers of racial and ethnic minorities until after the civil rights of the 1960s forced change. Second, despite significant expenditures on financial aid, minority and low-income individuals are still less likely to attend college than whites or students from middleand upper-income families. Although access gaps have nowadays narrowed somewhat, large gaps remain between completion rates. Low-income students come to college less prepared and must balance academic demands with work and family responsibilities.Finding ways to increase the enrollment rates of low-income students and encourage their success once enrolled are two of the most important problems facing American higher education. One of the challenges to meet these goals is that they can conflict with the other central tenets of American higher education, that is, market competition and resistance to government control. As I said before, for example, institutional competition for the most academically talented students is likely to encourage increased use of tuition discounting for students who have no financial need. And this could divert resources away from low-income students who need financial aid. Similarly, institutions may seek to distinguish themselves in the academic marketplace by becoming more selective in admissions decisions, thus reducing the number of low-income students admitted. However, a primary role of government is to mediate the potentially negative effects of competition by insisting that institutions adhere to their missions, and that institutions provide need-based financial assistance to students. So, a constant preoccupation of American higher education is this tension between the competitive, ambitious natureof institutions and the interests of government in promoting important public goals, primary among them, broad access and widespread success for all students.OK, for today's lecture, we have briefly discussed some of the major challenges facing U.S. higher education, such as the impact of the marketplace on institutions and the tension between competition and promoting public goals.2、MINI-LECTURE 答案解析1. dominant / prevailing / governing 等解析：美国高等教育所面临的两大挑战之一便是市场的力量。
外研社《英语初级听力》第14课课文翻译
外研社《英语初级听力》第14课课文翻译Lesson FourteenSection One:Tapescript.Dialogue 1:— I want to fly to Geneva on or about the first.—I’ll just see what there is.—I want to go economy, and I’d prefer the morning.— Lufthansa Flight LH 203 leaves at 0920.— What time do I have to be there？— The coach leaves for the airport at 0815.—我想在一号或一号前后飞往日瓦。
—我来查一下有没有。
—我想要经济舱,最好早上起飞。
—汉莎航空LH 203班机早上9：20起飞。
—我什么时间到那里呢？—大巴会在8：15出发去机场。
Dialogue 2:—You must have some more chicken.—No, thanks. I’m supposed to be slimming.—Can’t I tempt you？—Well, maybe I could manage a very small piece.—你一定得多来些鸡肉—不了，。
我应当减肥了。
—我都劝不动你吗？—好吧，也许我可以吃一小块。
Dialogue 3:—I expect you could do with a cup of tea, couldn’t you？—I’d rather have a cup of coffee, if you don’t mind.— Milk andsugar？— A milky one without sugar, please.—我想你可以喝杯茶，对吗？—如果你不介意的话，我想要一杯咖啡。
—加奶和糖吗？—加奶不加糖，。
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Q4. Why should the ladder be adjusted? A.It’ s rigged too high. B.It'’ s rigged too low. C. It's rigged too forward. D. It's rigged too aft.
10. SI: Do you have any list? S2: I have a list to port of 2 degrees. Q: What's the state of the ship? A. She is on even keel. B. She is inclined. C. She is trimmed by the head. D. She is trimmed by the stern.
Passage 2 SI: Mr. Pilot. Accommodation ladder and pilot ladder are rigged on the starboard side. Is manropes required? S2: Yes, manropes are required. Have a heaving line ready at the pilot ladder SI: Heaving line is ready, Sir. S2:Third officer. Make a lee on your starboard side S1: Yes, sir. I will make a lee for you. S2 :Make a boarding speed of 6 knots.
Q1. Where is the pilot ladder rigged? A. Port side B. Starboard side C. Stem D. Stern
Q2. Why should another pilot ladder be rigged? A. Because one pilot ladder is not enough. B. Because the pilot ladder is not safe enough. C. Because the pilot cannot embark with one pilot ladder. D. Because the pilot ladder is not rigged.
9. SI: What is your draught forward and aft? S2: My draught forward is 9.5 meters and my draught aft is 10.5 meter. Q: What's the state of the ship? A. She is on even keel B. She is inclined C. She is trimmed by the head D. She is trimmed by the stern
4. SI: MV Blue Whale, this is Coco port. There are many fishing vessels at Dog Rocks S2: Coco port, this is Blue Whale. I am keeping on my present course Q: What action is Blue Whale taking? A. Maintaining the present course B. Altering the course C. Reducing speed D. Increasing speed
7. SI: Avonport. This is Fantasia. At what time will pilot be available？ S2: Fantasia. This is Avonport. Pilot is coming to you. Q: What is Fantasia asking about? A. When the pilot will arrive B. Where the pilot will arrive C. How the pilot will arrive D. If the pilot will arrive
Passage 1 S1:Stand by pilot ladder. Rig the pilot ladder on port side S2: The pilot ladder is rigged on the port side, sir. S1: Oh, no, the pilot ladder has broken spreaders. You must replace it with another ladder. S2. OK. I will replace it right now. S1: Now move the pilot ladder 1. 5 meters forward, and put lights on at the pilot ladder. S2: Understood, Sir. Lights are put on at the pilot ladder now, Sir.
Q4. What is the boarding speed? A. 6 knots B. 7 knots C. 8 knots D. 9 knots
Q1. What's to be rigged with the pilot ladder? A. Another pilot ladder B. Spreader C. Accommodation ladder. D. Hoist
Q2What should be prepared? A. Towing line B. Heaving Iine C. Life line D. Torch
1. SI: When will the pilot embark? S2: The pilot will embark at 1420 hours local time Q: What are they talking about? A. The ETA of the pilot boat. B. The ETD of the pilot boat. C. The pilot’s boarding time. D. The pilot’s leaving time.
5. SI: Attention, all vessels. Keep clear of the sea area No. 2 buoy- search and rescue in progress Q: What is happening in the sea area No. 2 buoy? A. Salvage operations are going on. B. Fishing vessels are trawling. C. A disabled vessel is entering the fairway. D. A large vessel is getting under way.
8. S1: What is your air draft? S2: My air draft is 22 meter seawater draft B. The air draft C. The maximum height D. The freeboard
2.S1: MV Blue Whale, this is New Harbor Port Control. There is a vessel anchored ahead ofyou in center of fairway. S2: New Harbor Port Control, this is MV Blue Whale. I am altering course to avoid the anchored vessel. Q: Why is Blue Whale altering course? A. To avoid the submerged wreck ahead. B. To avoid the vessel anchored ahead. C. To avoid the vessel restricted with draughts. D. To avoid the vessel out of control.
6. SI: MV Blue Whale, this is New Harbor. Berthing has been delayed by 2 hours. You will berth at 2300 hours UTC. S2: New Harbor. this is Blue Whale. I will berth at 2300 hours UTC Q: What time would Blue Whale berth if not delayed? A. 2300 hours UTC B. 2200 hours UTC C. 2100 hours UTC D. 2000 hours UTC
Q3. What has gone wrong? A. The pilot ladder was twisted. B. The pilot ladder has broken spreaders. C. The pilot ladder has spreaders too short. D.The pilot ladder is too far aft.