初中英语语法复习

初中英语语法知识点一、名词

名词的数

1、可数名词与不可数名词

A、不可数名词，初中阶段常见的不可数名词有：water ; meat ; rice ; bread ; milk ; tea ; orange(桔汁) ; fruit ; air ; snow ; chalk; work ; paper(纸) ; time(时间); music ; weather ; grass ; news ; food ; fish(鱼肉); coke ; porridge ; cake(可数或不可数). 不可数名词应注意以下几点：

1)前无数、冠，后无复数；作主语为三单.

2)表量用约数some /any ; much ; a lot of 或用of 短语

eg. There is ____ bread on the table. [C] A. a B. one C. a piece of D. many

There is some_______ on the plate. [B]

A. apple

B. fish

C. milks

D. deer

2、可数名词的复数

A、不规则变化：

man—men ; woman—women ;child—children policeman—policemen Englishman—Englishmen Frenchman—Frenchmen

foot—feet ; tooth—teeth mouse(鼠)—mice B、规则变化

1）s; sh; ch; x 结尾加es 读[iz]

2) ce; se; ze; (d)ge 结尾加s

eg. box es [b ks iz] blous es [blauz iz]

3)f (fe) 结尾则变f(fe)为v加es---读[vz]

eg. kniv es [na ivz]

4) “辅+y”结尾变y为i加es 清就清[s]

5)一般加s 浊就浊[z]

eg. book s[buk s] pen s[pen z] babi es[beibi z] 但注意以下几点：

①potato—potatoes ; tomato—tomatoes

②单复同形: fish ; sheep ; deer ; Chinese ; Japanese

③由man , woman在词首构成的复合名词应将两部分都变成复数

man doctor — men doctors

④reef—reefs

⑤“某国人”的复数：中日不变英法变，其余s加后面. eg. German—Germans

⑥people , police 常用单数形式表示复数概念The police are looking for the missing boy.

3、名词所有格：名词’s (意思是“……的”)

A.有生命的名词所有格，一般在后加“’s”但注意：

1)表两者共有则在后者加“’s”

Lucy and Lily’s father 露西和莉莉的父亲Lucy’s and Lily’s fathers露西的父亲和莉莉的父亲.

2)以s结尾的词只加“’”

eg. 1) the boys’ books 2) James’ father

3)无生命的名词所有格用of来引导

eg. the leg of the desk

4)双重所有格：a friend of my father’s

a friend of mine ( √) a friend of my( ×)

练习

一、写出下列词．的复数

1.book______

2.bus ______

3.orange _______

4.baby______

5.boy______

6.my ________

7.his_______ 8.knife______ 9.watch________

10.sheep ______ 11. tooth _____ 12. leaf ____

13.German__________ 14.Chinese_________

二、选择正确的答案

( )1.—Are those ______?

---No, they aren’t. They’re _____.

A. sheep ; cows

B. sheep ; cow

C. sheeps ; cow

D. sheeps ; cows ( )2.Mum, I’m quite thirsty. Please give me ____.

A. two orange

B. two bottles of orange

C. two bottles orange

D. two bottles of oranges ( )3.I have got ___ news from my friend. Do you want to know?

A. a very good

B. any

C. a piece of

D. two pieces

( )4.___ room is on the 5th floor.

A. Lucy and Lily

B. Lucy and Lily’s

C. Lucy’s and Lily

D. Lucy’s and Lily’s ( )5.Every morning Mr. Smith takes a ____ to his office.

A. 20 minutes’ walk

B. 20 minute’s walk

C. 20-minutes walk

D. 20-minute walk

( )6.This is James Allan Green. We can call him ____.

A. Mr. Green

B. Mr. Allan

C. Mr. James

D. James Green

( )7.Jack and Tom are ____.

A. good friends

B. good friend

C. a good friend

D. good a friend

( )8.It’s only about ten ____ walk to the nearest post office.

A. minutes

B. minute’s

C. minutes’

D. minute ( )9.He often has ____ for breakfast.

A. two breads

B. two piece of breads

C. two pieces of bread

D. two pieces of breads ( )10.Mrs. Green has two ____. They’re very bright.

A. childs

B. child

C. children’s

D. children ( )11.What did the headmaster say about Jim’s ______.

A. two months holiday

B. two months’ holiday

C. two-month holiday

D. two month’s holidays ( )12.I won’t go there with you, for I have a lot of ____ to do.

A. works

B. job

C. work

D. working ( )13.Li Lei is a friend of ___.

A. I sister

B. my sister’s

C. me sister

D. my sister of

( )14.Have you read ____?

A. today’s

B. today paper

C. the today’s paper

D. today’s paper ( )15.How many ___ are there in the room? A. boxes B. box C. boxs D. boxxes ( )16.Many ____ have been built in our city since 1987.

A. factorys

B. factories

C. factoryes

D. factorys

( )17.There are lots of ___ in the basket on the table .

A. tomatos

B. tomato

C. tomatoes

D. tomatoss ( )18.The cat caught two ___ last night.

A. mouses

B. mice

C. mouse

D. mices ( )19.Jack went to have two ___ pulled out yesterday afternoon.

A. tooths

B. tooth

C. teeth

D. toothes ( )20.In our school there are fifty-five ___. A. women teachers B. woman teachers C. women teacher D. woman’s teacher ( )21.The three ___ will be put into prison.

A. thiefs

B. thief

C. thieves

D. thiefs’

二、冠词

1、不定冠词a, an

a用在辅音音素开头的词前eg. a book

a u seful book a “u”

[j u:sful] [j u:]

an用于元音开头的词前. eg. an apple

an hour an “F”

[au] [ef]

2、定冠词the

1)特指某人/某物

The book on the desk is mine.

2)世上独一无二的事物前

the sun , the moon, the earth, the sky

3)形、副最高级及序数词前

The third boy is the tallest of all.

(但当这些词前已有其他限定词，如物主代词、所有格、指示代词时，则不能再用the)

He is my first English teacher.

4)the + 姓的复数表示“某家人”或“某夫妇”。the Greens 格林一家/ 格林夫妇

3、不用冠词的几种情况：

1)在星期、月份、季节前不用冠词

2)学科名词前

3)球类运动及早、中、晚三餐名词前（但：①当三餐名词前有修饰词时，则要加适当的冠词. ②表乐器演奏的名词前应加the）

1) He went to school after he had a quick breakfast.

2) play the violin / piano

练习

( )1.There is ____ “s” in ____ word “bus”.

A. a ; a

B. an ; the

C. a ; the

D. an ; a ( )2.Maths is ___ useful subject. You can’t drop it , I think.

A. an

B. a

C. the

D. /

( )3.____ bad weather it is!

A. How

B. What a

C. How a

D. What ( )4.—What color is ___ orange?

--It’s _____ orange.

A. an; an

B. an ; the

C. an ; /

D. / ; an ( )5.Mr. Li is ____ old worker.

A. an

B. a

C. some

D. /

( )6.Look at ____ picture! There’s ____ house in it.

A. a ; a

B. the ; the

C. a ; the

D. the; a ( )7.One morning he found ____ handbag. There was ___ “s” on the corner of ___ handbag.

A. a ; an ; the

B. a ; a ; the

C. a ; a ; a

D. the ; an ; a

( )8.What ___ interesting story it is!

A. a

B. an

C. the

D. /

( )9.Meimei is ___ best student in her class. A. a B. an C. / D. the

( )10.Tom is ___ kind boy. All ___ students love him.

A. a ; /

B. a ; the

C. an ; /

D. an ; the ( )11.Is ___ book on the desk mine? Yes.

A. the

B. a

C. an

D. /

( )12.Even while he was in ___ hospital, he went on writing songs.

A. a

B. an

C. the

D. /

( )13.Don’t read _____.

A. in bed

B. in the bed

C. on bed

D. on the bed ( )14.Smith is ____ honest man.

A. a

B. the

C. an

D. /

( )15.China has ___ population of 1,200,000,000.

A. /

B. an

C. the

D. a

( )16.What’s ____ for “椅.子”?

A. English

B. an English

C. the English

D. any English

( )17.Mary is ___ cleverer of the two girls.

A. the

B. a

C. an

D. much

( )18.____ young must look after ___ old. A. The ; a B. The ; the C. A ; a D. A ; the ( )19. ___ earth is one of ____ planets.

A. The ; sun’s

B. The ; the sun

C. The ; the sun’s

D. The ; the suns’( )20.Tokyo is ___.

A. the capital of Japan

B. capital of Japan

C. Japan capital

D. a capital of Japan ( )21.Kate sometimes plays ___ violin(小提琴) and sometimes plays ___ table tennis before supper.

A. / ; the

B. the ; /

C. the ; the

D. / ; / ( )22. –Have you seen ___ pencil? I left it here this morning.

--Is it ___ red one ? I saw it.

A. a ; the

B. the ; the

C. the ; a

D. a ; a ( )23.There is_______ orange tree behind_____ house.

A. an ; the

B. a ; a

C. the ; the

D. an ; / ( )24.—How long did you stay there ?

--About half ___ hour.

A. /

B. one

C. a

D. an

三、代词

（一）指示代词：this , that , these , those. this ,