水体富营养化英文PPT

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水体富营养化介绍课件PPT

水体富营养化介绍课件PPT
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太湖是我国五大淡水湖之
一。自上世纪九十年代以来, 太湖富营养化问题越来越严 重,已受到全社会的广泛关 注。太湖水污染治理是国家 确定的“三河三湖”治理的 重要任务之一。2001年9月, 国务院在苏州召开太湖水污 染防治第三次工作会议,温 家宝总理亲临会议并作了重 要讲话,提出了太湖水资源 保护“以动治静,以清释污, 以丰补枯,改善水质”的十 字方针。2015年两会期间, 水体富营养化的治理也被提 上记事日程,引起社会的重 视。
(3)恢复水体使用功能,有效缓解我国水资源严 重匮乏的问题。
(4)改善居民居住环境,提高人民生活质量。
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3、积极组织打捞。同采取人工和机械化打捞与藻 水分离技术相结合的方法来治理太湖蓝藻,虽是治 标之策,但仍是一种比较直接、高效的方法。
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五、治理意义
(1)对富营养化河湖水体进行治理修复,是社 会经济发展、城市景观、生态环境建设的迫切需要, 具有经济和环境双重效益。
(2)明显提高富营养化河湖水体的处理效果、大 大缩短治理周期、有效降低处理成本。
水体富营养化 --太湖
组员:
1
目录
一、概念 二、成因
三、危害 四、防治措施
五、治理意义
2
一、概念
水体富营养化(eutrophication)是指由于大量的氮、 磷、钾等元素排入到流速缓慢、更新周期长的地表 水体,使藻类等水生生物大量地生长繁殖,使有机 物产生的速度远远超过消耗速度,水体中有机物积 蓄,破坏水生生态平衡的过程。
(3)水葫芦在生长的过程中消耗大量的溶解氧, 腐烂后又造成二次污染,加剧了水体富营养化。
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水体富营养化之蓝藻
蓝藻是原核生物,又叫蓝绿藻,蓝细菌;在一些营养 丰富的水体中,有些蓝藻常于夏季大量繁殖,并在水面 形成一层蓝绿色而有腥臭味的浮沫,称为“水华”,大 规模的蓝藻爆发,被称为“绿潮”(和海洋发生的赤潮 对应)。绿潮引起水质恶化,严重时耗尽水中氧气而造 成鱼类的死亡。更为严重的是,蓝藻中有些种类(如微 囊藻)还会产生微囊藻毒素(microcystins,简称MCs), 大约50%的绿潮中含有大量MCs。MCs除了直接对鱼类、 人畜产生毒害之外,也是肝癌的重要诱因。

水体富营养化水体自净PPT课件

水体富营养化水体自净PPT课件
中国湖泊富营养化分布图
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定义?
水体富营养化(eutrophication)是指 在人类活动的影响下,生物所需的氮、磷等营 养物质大量进入湖泊、河口、海湾等缓流水体, 引起藻类及其他浮游生物迅速繁殖,水体溶解 氧量下降,水质恶化,鱼类及其他生物大量死 亡的现象。
发生在海域时叫赤潮
发生在湖泊时叫水华
水体自净
(一)水体自净作用
污染物质进入天然水体后,通过一系列 物理、化学和生物因素的共同作用,使排入的 污染物质的浓度和毒性自然降低,这种现象称 为水体的自净。
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(二)水体自净作用机制
水体自净作用
物理 净化
稀释 扩散 沉淀 挥发
化学 净化
生物 净化
氧化 还原 分解 凝聚 中和
生物活动
1998年,粤港海域,赤潮面 积自香港西贡海面到广州 等特大面积造成大量鱼苗 及养殖鱼死亡, 其中包括名 贵鱼种石斑鱼等,共损失达 3.5亿元 2000年,长江口舟山海 域,特大赤潮面积7000 多平方公里
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这就是赤潮──海洋的灾难
世界海域富营养化分布图
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中国湖泊富营养化——水华
打捞藻类 引水(不含营养物)
进行稀释 疏浚底泥 人工曝气
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我们可以做些什么?
我们可以
多用肥皂少用洗涤剂
也可以
少用化肥:氮肥随江河进入海洋,诱发赤潮,使鱼类贝类中毒死去,严 重破坏海水中的生态平衡。
我们还可以……
努力学习, 成为出色的水污染治理专家!!!
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水体自净
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小结
• 1、水体富营养化的原因 • 2、水体自净的机理(氧垂曲线)

水体富营养化英语

水体富营养化英语

水体富营养化英语
水体富营养化英语:Water eutrophication
例句:
1.Formation and impacts of water eutrophication are briefly introduced,and its control technologies are also elaborated from two sides,such as control exogenous nutriments and decreasing endogenous nutriments.
简要介绍了水体富营养化的形成、影响,从控制外源性营养物质和减少内源性营养物质负荷两方面来阐述其防治技术。

2.To determine the main limiting factor about development of water eutrophication in Shahu Lake,this paper dealt with the relation between algal chlorophyll-a(Chla) and eight environmental factors such as total phosphors(Tp),total nitrogen(TN),water temperature(T),pH,secci-depth(SD) based on the monitoring data in Shahu Lake from 2002 to 2004.
为确定沙湖水体富营养化发展的主要限制因子,根据沙湖2002—2004年水质监测资料,运用回归统计方法,选择氮、磷等8项理化因素与藻类叶绿素a进行回归分析。

《水体富营养化》课件

《水体富营养化》课件

通过宣传教育,提高公众对水体富营养化 的认识,倡导绿色生产和生活方式,减少 污染源的排放。
控制策略
化学方法
通过投放化学药剂,如硫酸 铜等,降低水体中的藻类数 量,从而控制富营养化的发 生。
生物方法
利用微生物、鱼类等生物资 源,通过生态学原理,控制 藻类的生长和繁殖,达到防 治富营养化的目的。
工程措施
03
水体富营养化的检 测与评估
检测方法
化学检测
通过检测水体中的氮、磷、钾等 营养盐以及有机物、重金属等污 染物的含量,判断水体的富营养
化程度。
生物检测
利用水生生物(如藻类、鱼类、浮 游动物等)的生理反应和种群结构 变化,评估水体的富营养化状况。
遥感技术
通过卫星或飞机搭载的遥感设备, 监测水体的颜色、浑浊度等物理特 征,推断水体中藻类的生长状况。
生态修复和保护
这是预防水体富营养化的根本措施,需要 从源头上控制化肥、工业废水等污染源的 排放,降低水体中的营养盐含量。
通过生态工程措施,如湿地修复、植被恢 复等,提高水体的自净能力,减少富营养 化的发生。
加强监测和预警
提高公众环保意识
建立水体富营养化的监测网络,及时发现 并预警富营养化的发生,为采取应对措施 提供依据。
人工湿地技术
模拟自然湿地的生态系统,通 过植物、微生物等净化水质。
曝气增氧技术
提高水体中的溶解氧含量,促 进微生物的代谢活动,分解有 机物。
生物操纵技术
通过调整水生生物的种类和数 量,优化生态结构,控制藻类
生长。
富营养化治理的案例分析
案例一
某湖泊的富营养化治理:通过源 头控制、生态修复和曝气增氧技 术,成功降低了湖泊的富营养化 程度,恢复了水体的生态功能。

水体富营养化PPT课件

水体富营养化PPT课件
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生物磷去除原理
• 在常规废水处理中, 以BOD、 COD 或TOC 来表示有机碳含量, 但在生物磷去除(BPR) 中, 还要 将COD 再进一步划分。COD 中 的不可降解部分不起作用。因此, 我们只考虑生物可降解部分 (DCOD)。这部分COD 一般为总 COD 的93% , 总COD进一步分 成含有沉降固体和胶状固体的颗 粒部分及可溶性COD。可溶性 COD 又分为较复杂的分子和挥发 性脂肪酸(V FA )。V FA 再分成 长链V FA 和短链V FA。
中不可避免地带入总磷、总氮等营养物质; • (2)不合理的养殖方式,增加了水库中的营养盐的含量; • (3)河道与水库营养盐控制标准差别很大,也是水库营养物超标的原因。
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污染源
水体中过量的氮、磷等营养物质主要来自未加处理或处理不 完全的工业废水和生活污水(特别是含磷洗涤剂产生的污水未 经处理即行排放,使海水、湖水中富含氮、磷等植物营养物 质)、有机垃圾和家畜家禽粪便以及农施化肥,其中最大的来 源是农田上施用的大量化肥。
现蓝色、红色、棕色、乳白色等。这种现象在海洋实体富营养化分布图
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成因
主要原因 总磷、总氮等营养物质超标
水体中总磷、总氮等营养物质较为充足,超过地表水环境质量Ⅲ类标准,原因
在于: • (1)水库作为开放式系统,周围通常有大量农田径流或河道径流汇入。汇入的径流
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营养化的治理
八项指标:水温、pH、浊度、溶解氧、电导率、高锰酸盐指数、氨氮和
例如:
一. 营养物质的控制 1. 工农业废水控制; 2. 洗涤剂禁磷; 3. 城市污水除氮除磷; 4. 分污引水. 二、 抑藻杀藻 1. 深层曝气; 2. 药物除藻; 3. 生物控制; 4. 超声波除藻

水体富营养化介绍课件

水体富营养化介绍课件
工业和农业排放的控制
加强工业和农业废水处理,减少废水 中营养物质的流入,降低富营养化的 发生风险。
结论
通过对富营养化的成因和危害进行总结,强调控制和治理富营养化的重要性,以保护水体生态。
参考文献
引用相关研究和报告的参考文献,提供更多深入了解水体富营养化的资料来源。
水体富营养化介绍课件PPT
水体富营养化是指水体中营养物质浓度过高,导致藻类过度繁殖的现象。本 课件将介绍水体富营养化的定义、影响、分类、成因、危害以及防治方法。
什么是水体富营养化?
水体富营养化是指水体中营养物质的浓度超过自然水体富营养状态的程度,导致藻类等富营养化生物过 度繁殖的现象。 富营养化的影响包括水体的变色、臭味、氧气不足等,对生态系统造成严重损害。
扰乱生态系统平衡
富营养化改变了水体的营养 结构,影响水生生物的物种 多样性和生态系统的平衡。
富营养化的防治
1
生物控制和修复技术
2
运用生态修复技术,如生物阻挡网、
人工湿地等,控制藻类繁殖和改善水
体生态环境。
3
行政管理和政策措施
加强水质管理,制定和执行相关法律 法规,加大对富营养化的监测和治理 力度。
富营养化的分类
自然富营养化
自然富营养化是指由于自然因素,如植物残体和有机物的富集水体中营养物质过量输入,如农业、工业和城市污水排放。
富营养化的成因
1 土地利用变化
大规模的土地开垦和整治会导致土壤中的养分流失至水体,加剧水体富营养化。
2 城市化和工业化
城市化和工业化导致大量废水排放进入水体,含有富集的养分,促进藻类生长。
3 农业和畜牧业
农业和畜牧业的化肥和畜禽粪便流入水体,提供了大量养分,导致水体富营养化。

水体富营养化 英文

Interesting chemical reaction in Water pollution---- Eutrophication The water eutrophication is water contains too much solubility nutrient salts (mainly NH3 - N, NO3 -- N, NO2 - N and PO4 - P), make water algaephytoplankton growth such as a large number of breeding, and cause heterotrophic microorganisms strong metabolic activity of dissolved in water, make water metamorphism, and destroy the ecological balance of water phenomenon1.The cause of eutrophicationThe water eutrophication can be divided into natural eutrophication and cultural eutrophication. Natural lakes have a from oligotrophic to eutrophic development process, from oligotrophic transition to rich nutrition, and to develop into the swamp, until death, lake natural law of development, this is a long historical process, but human activity will greatly accelerate the process.2.The harm of water eutrophicationThe water eutrophication of the main following features:(1) Funded by reduction, water in the blue green algae and green algae multiply, plankton individual number huge increase;(2) Due to the plankton, a big increase in the number of bacteria in the water toa large increase of suspended solids, transparency reduced;(3) Produce a peculiar smell of organic substance;(4) Death algae residues decomposition release make water to maintain higher TN, TP, Water pH value rise(5) The water of oxygen balance is destroyed3.The water eutrophication statusIn the 1980 s of lake (reservoir eutrophication survey results show that: in eastern China, the survey lakes most has entered the eutrophication status (such as chao lake, tai lake, the hongze lake, NaSiHu, etc.), a few in the reservoir eutrophication edge, many urban lakes has reached a serious eutrophication (such as nanjing xuanwu, hangzhou west lake, jiujiang Kennedy TangHu, guangzhou dongshan lake, wuhan ink lake, etc.), forming a wide strip distribution of dongting lake and poyang lake eutrophication has happened nutrient conditions; Yunnan plateau lakes general retention time is long, the water exchange capacity is weak, once into the lake nutrient load overweight, the eutrophication development speed, is China's eutrophication of dianchi lake areas and sensitive area, such as, different longhu, qi the luhu nutritional status is quite high, especially in dianchi lake eutrophication problem is more serious, The northeast, and find new, Tibetan areas of the lake eutrophication level is relatively low, the general is in the state of nutritionNearly twenty years, our country eutrophication development speed is fast. Over the years the survey results show that the number of lake eutrophication of lakes survey proportion from the 1970 s to 80 s to 80 s 41% 61%, to the late 1990 s and up to 77%, our country the development of lake eutrophication trend is very serious.In the investigation of the reservoir, in eutrophic state of reservoir number and capacity of the survey accounted for 30.8% and 11.2% of the reservoir, the reservoir of nutritional status in number and capacity of the survey accounted for 43.6% and 83.1% of the reservoir. In general, the reservoir water quality is good, but on the verge of city and water reservoir as there are many appeared to eutrophication evolution trend, especially near the town of eutrophication degree is higher, such as Beijing's the guanting reservoir, tianjin in bridge reservoir, shihezi city mushrooms reservoir near to eutrophication degree.in addition, in recent years our country such as part of the river water river, pearl river, gezhouba reservoir HuangBaiHe also appeared water bloom and eutrophication reports. Visible eutrophication has become China's water environment protection is the most important environmental problems4.The prevention and control of eutrophicationA: control, such as nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients inflowsThrough the technology reform, product improvement, reduce the phosphorus content of wastewater. In the detergent branched alkyl benzene sulfonic instead of sodium phosphate substitute, agricultural production, reasonable control fertilizer wastewater shunt, bait casting breeding, cultivation planning, to take account of economic benefit and ecological benefit, ecological benefit in the first placeB: physical methods to strengthen managementPonds, reservoir water exchange, when there is appropriate when water can be introduced to a dilution effect, out of nitrogen and phosphorus and algae material; Deep lakes or reservoirs, try to draw a deep, to reduce the eutrophication degree; In the lake by mechanical method aeration and promote the flow of water, has sediment phosphorus release, improve oxygen condition, strengthen the mineralization, reduce phytoplankton photosynthesis effect; Usually algae density is small, so the flocs is not easy to precipitation. By gas floating can achieve good effect to remove algae. After the eutrophication blue algae "water bloom" nitrogen content is very high, can collect used in fertilizer, feedstuff, reduce water nitrogen and phosphorus loadC: the prevention and control of chemical methodsCommonly used herbicides have copper sulfate, grasp dioxide etc. Carbon dioxide atmosphere weed control effect is better, but the cost is higher. Chemical medicine economic method application more agile, but make water added newfish to unhealthy chemicals. Improve the aquaculture environment, increase the dissolved oxygen content, can control the production of algae breeding process.D:Biological controlBiological treatment is the use of the role of microorganisms to improve water quality. Microbial degradation is the main force of waste water, waste, use after genetic engineered microorganism will be control environmental pollution, keep the balance of the most effective ways. Such as nitrifying bacteria can go to nitrogen to carbon, kill virus, degradation of pesticides, flocculation water heavy metal and organic residue, degradation sludge, etc.E: Ecological controlEcological approach that is, from ecological system structure and function adjustment, from nutrition link to control eutrophication, make the nutrients into the human need to final products (such as fish and other aquatic products) instead of "water bloom". Using filter feeding habit fish direct swallowed algae can serve as a kind of biological operation method of biological control way. In recent years on zooplankton and algae "water bloom, the relationship between the many reports, fish can be selectively swallowed zooplankton and phytoplankton, and we can catch fish products to eliminate pollution. Aquatic higher plants and algae in light and nutrients is competitive person, in the lake planting large aquatic plants, such as lotus root, such as CaoPu can inhibit the growth of phytoplankton, to improve the water quality good sensory properties.By 六小灵童虞恬,穆欣静,王永刚,丁晓鹏,史帅,王鹏。

水体富营养化英文1ppt课件


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5
Control method
Engineering methods
Digging up the lake sediments It is the main ways of reducing the self-concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in eutrophic lake.
Fish and other aquatic life die
Other algae species gradually reduce Plankton and other small organisms die
Be decomposed by aerobic microorganism consume dissolved oxygen in water
.
4
Source
Excess nitrogen and phosphorus in the water body mainly come from industrial waste water and domestic sewage, organic waste, livestock and poultry manure and agricultural chemical fertilizer.
the water quality of the lake has been significantly
improved.
.
7
Control method
In the chemical method, another way is to kill algae with algaecide.
This method is suitable for the water body of the lake water bloom. After algaecide kills the algae, the decomposition of algae will still release phosphorus. Therefore , algae killed by algaecide should be promptly removed, or some appropriate chemicals should be added into the water body to make phosphate precipitate.

水体环境与水体富营养化.ppt


• 来自溪流的水较为清洁,营养物质缺乏, 其中细菌以革兰氏阴性无芽孢菌为主。含 铁和硫的水中则常见鞘细菌和硫细菌 ;
• 湖泊、池塘、河流中的微生物大部分来自 土壤和生活污水,微生物类群直接反映了 陆地情况。
• 水中的真菌以水生藻状菌为主。湖水中最 常见的真菌是水霉菌属 (Soprolegnia)和 绵霉菌属 (Achalya)的菌种。
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以上污化系统只能反映有机污染的程度,不能 反映有毒废水的污染。
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二、水体有机污染指标
1. BIP指数 (Biologic Index of Water Pollution): • 根据水生生物种类的变化来评价水体污染
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不同水体微生物数量
国名
德国 巴西 捷克
河名
福达河
莱尔涅尔格罗河
多瑙河
河水中的细菌数 (个/mL)
3.52×105 ~ 9.8×106
2~3×105 4.55×105
作者
Jannasch Schmidt Daubner
湖泊类型
贫营养湖泊 中营养湖泊 富营养湖泊 富营养水库
2019年8月29
细菌总数(×103 /mL)
50~340
450~1400
2200~12300
1000~57900
感谢你的观看
6
2019年8月29
感谢你的观看
7
光照
温度
细菌 浮游植物

3.2.13.2水体的富营养化课件


二、富营养化
富营养化是指生物所需的氮、磷等营养物质大量进入 湖泊、河口、海湾等缓流水体,引起藻类及其他浮游 生物迅速繁殖,水体溶解氧(DO)下降,鱼类及其他 生物大量死亡的现象。
起因是氮磷等营养物质进入水体,自养生物如藻类等大 量繁殖,出现疯长的现象,尤其在夏季,环境温度、光照条件 适合植物生长,当长到一定规模时,同时由于水温高,CO2的 溶解度减小,水中溶解的CO2和营养素又相对不足,自养生物 开始死亡,残体经过微生的好养分解、厌氧分解过程,使水体 的溶解氧下降,水质恶化变臭,引起异养生物水生动物如鱼类 等的大量死亡,水质进一步恶化,严重破坏了水体生态系统。
目录
1 水中营养元素 2 富营养化 2 富营养化的危害
一、水中营养元素
限制因素
H2O CO2
N Fe P Mn
Zn
一、水中营养元素
地表淡水系统中,磷酸盐(Total Phosphorus, TP) 是限制的营养物;而在海水系统中往往是氨氮和 硝酸盐(Total Nitrogen, TN)限制植物的生长和 总的生产量。 通常使用N/P值的大小来判断湖泊的富营养化状况: N/P > 100时,贫营养湖泊状况; N/P < 10时,富营养状况。
二、富营养化
二、富营养化
太湖蓝藻水华
二、富营养化
水生植物蒿草类大量繁殖
二、富营养化
浮游生物大量繁殖形成的乳白色海水
二、富营养化
红藻大量繁殖引起的赤潮
二、富营养化
富营养化指标
TN含量 > 0.2~0.3 mg/L TP含量 > 0.01~0.02 mg/L BOD > 10 mg/L 叶绿素-a > 10 μg/L 细菌总数 > 10 万个/mL
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Fish and other aquatic life die
Other algae species gradually reduce Plankton and other small organisms die
Be decomposed by aerobic microorganism consume dissolved oxygen in water
Coagulation and sedimentation Many kinds of cations
can cause the phosphorus to precipitate from the
aqueous solution effectively , such as iron, aluminum
phosphate. In the summer of fourth years after the
addition of aluminum salt, phosphorus concentration in
the lake water became from the original 65 g/L to 30 g/L,
A
4
Source
Excess nitrogen and phosphorus in the water body mainly come from industrial waste water and domestic sewage, organic waste, livestock and poultry manure and agricultural chemical fertilizer.
nitrogen and phosphorus ,are discharged into
large lakes, estuaries, bays and other water bodies
which flow slowly, it will cause a phenomenon
that algae and other plankton in water multiply
Or be decomposed by anaerobic microorganism
Produce hydrogen sulfidAe ntification index
Nitrogen content ≧0.2~0.3 ppm
Biochemical oxygen demand(BOD) ≧ 10 ppm
and calcium
For example, the long lake in western Washington state
is a eutrophic water body. In October 1980,people add
aluminum salt into the lake to precipitate the lake's
rapidly, dissolved oxygen decreases , water quality
deteriorates and a large number of fish and other
organisms die.
A
2
Mechanism
Excess nutrients(N、P)
Autotrophic organisms (especially blue-green algae and red algae) grow quickly
Phosphorus content ≧ 0.01~0.02 ppm
The number of bacteria is more than 100000 in per ml of water(pH=9~10)
The content of chlorophyll–a in characterized algae ≧ 10μmg/L
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Thank you !
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10
the water quality of the lake has been significantly
improved.
A
7
Control method
In the chemical method, another way is to kill algae with algaecide.
This method is suitable for the water body of the lake water bloom. After algaecide kills the algae, the decomposition of algae will still release phosphorus. Therefore , algae killed by algaecide should be promptly removed, or some appropriate chemicals should be added into the water body to make phosphate precipitate.
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5
Control method
Engineering methods
Digging up the lake sediments It is the main ways of reducing the self-concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in eutrophic lake.
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Control method
Biological methods
Use aquatic life to absorb nitrogen and phosphorus in order to remove nitrogen and phosphorus in water.
For example, some countries try to purify the eutrophic water body with large aquatic plants , such as water hyacinth, reed , typha angustifolia and so on.
Deep aeration Taking artificial lake deep aeration and supplementing oxygen from time to time is conducive to inhibit the release of phosphorus from sediment.
Inject water Injecting water containing low concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus into lakes can
dilute nutrient concentration.
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Control method
Chemical methods
Eutrophication of water
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1
Definition
Eutrophication is one of the water pollution .It is
mainly caused by human activities.
When a large amount of nutrients , such as
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