2022高考英语阅读理解练习题(译林牛津、江苏专版)

2022高考英语阅读理解练习题（译林牛津、江苏专版）阅读明白得ACulture is one of the most challenging elements of the international marketplace. This system of learned behavior patterns characteristic of the members of a given society is constantly shaped by a set of dynamic variables: language, religion, values and attitudes, manners and customs, aesthetics, technology, education, and social institutions. To cope with this system, an international manager needs both factual and interpretive knowledge of culture. To some extent, the factual knowledge can be learned; its interpretation comes only through experience.The most complicated problems in dealing with the cultural environment stem from the fact that one cannot learn culture—one has to live it. Two schools of thought exist in the business world on how to deal with cultural diversity. One is that business is business the world around, following the model of Pepsi and McDonald’s. In some cases, globalization is a fact of life; however, cultural differences are still far from converging.The other school proposes that companies must tailor business approaches to individual cultures. Setting up policies and procedures in each country has been compared to an organ transplant; the critical question centers around acceptance or rejection. The major challenge to the international manager is to make sure that rejection is not a result of cultural myopia or even blindness.Fortune examined the international performance of a dozen large companies that earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas. The internationally successful companies all share an important quality: patience. They have not rushed into situations but rather built their operations carefully by following the most basic business principles. These principles are to know your adversary, know your audience, and know your customer.56. According to the passage, which of the following is true?A. All international managers can learn culture.B. Business diversity is not necessary.C. Views differ on how to treat culture in business world.Ｄ. Most people do not know foreign culture well.57. According to the author, the model of Pepsi ______.Ａ. is in line with the theories of the school advocating the business is business the world around Ｂ. is different from the m odel of McDonald’sＣ. shows the reverse of globalizationＤ. has converged cultural differences58. The two schools of thought______ .Ａ. both propose that companies should tailor business approaches to individual culturesＢ. both advocate that different policies be set up in different countriesＣ. admit the existence of cultural diversity in business worldＤ. Both Ａand Ｂ59. This article is supposed to be most useful for those________ .A. who are interested in researching the topic of cultural diversityB. who have connections to more than one type of cultureC. who want to travel abroadD. who want to run business on International Scale60. According to Fortune, successful international companies ______.Ａ. earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseasＢ. all have the quality of patienceＣ. will follow the overseas local culturesＤ. adopt the policy of internationalizationBHusband and wife by ArrangementSome Japanese still get married by parents’ arrangement. Yoshio and Hirom i Tanaka, a young Japanese couple living in the United States, told the story of their arranged marriage. “We didn’t marry for love in the western sense. We got married in the traditional Japanese way. Our parents arranged our marriage through a matchmaker（媒人）. In Japan we believe that marriage is something affecting the whole family rather than a matter concerning only the young couple. So we think it is very important to match people according to their social background, education and so on. When our parents thought it was time for us to get married, they went to a local matchmaker and asked her for some suggestions. We discuss the details and looked at the photos she sent, and then our parents asked her to arrange a marriage interview for the two of us.A Japanese marriage interview is held in a public place, such as a hotel or a restaurant, and is attended by the boy and the girl, their parents and the matchmaker. Information about the couple and their families is exchanged over a cup of tea or a meal. Then the boy and the girl are left alone for a short time to get to know each other. When they returned home they have to tell the matchmaker whether they want to meet again or not.Yoshio continued, “When our parents realized we were serious about eac h other, they started to make arrangements for our wedding. My family paid the marriage money to Hiromi’s. This is money to help pay for the wedding ceremony and for setting up the house afterwards. We also gave her family a beautiful ornament to put in the best room of their house, so everyone knew that Hiromi was going to marry.”61．The Japanese think of the marriage of a young couple as .A．a sign showing the love between themB．an opportunity for their parents to show their love for their childrenC．a private affair for the boy and the girlD．an important matter having influence on the whole family62．In arranging a marriage in Japan, the matchmaker plays all of the following roles except . A．making arrangements for the weddingB．providing the information the family needC．arranging the marriage interviewD．attending the marriage interview63．According to the passage, the best time to make arrangement for the wedding is . A．when the young couple agree to meet againB．when the young couple are sincere about their relationC．when the parents think it is time for their children to get married.D．when the parents are well-informed about each other’s family64．According to the passage, what plays the most important role in the matching of young people in Japan? .A．Their parents’ attitude B．Their family backgroundC．Their occupation D．Their love for each otherCBeing a good parent is harder now than it has ever been before. In pressurized modern lives, demands to be a fulfilled individual, a good partner and a good worker, take no account of being a good parent. We haven’t left space for the nurturing parents who are expected to provide what children need. As a result, many families in the western world jus t don’t work.Something will have to change. With luck, people in the future will only have children if they really want them. That should mean parenthood is seen as a much more positive promise than itis now, that parents are socially supported, and are admired for doing a good job.The problem is that in the last generation or so we’ve come to assume that women should want and be able to do everything that by tradition men have done at the same time as pretty well at everything that by tradition women have done. And it’s just not possible. Since adopting a male life style is demonstrably only another form of submission（顺从）, quite a number of highly educated and economically privileged（优越的）women are now choosing to take career breaks so as to be at home with their children for longer than that poor 18 weeks.The most welcoming trend in parenting is that men are participating more and more, even that is not free of conflict, however. Intellectually（理智上）, women want men to be equal parents and do their sha re. But there’s often a contradictory（矛盾的）emotion because children are the last fort of the female power in the family. “I want him to help me but this is my region and being better at it is one of the new things I’ve got as a female.” In truth, although t hey haven’t had generations of practice, there’s no reason why men can’t raise children as well as women. Men left to cope after bereavement or divorce, as well as some who take on the role of principal career within a partnership, are already doing it.65.Why is it more difficult today to be good parents?A. Because parents don’t want to face the pressure of rearing children.B. Because children are in dependent and don’t need to be taken care of.C. Because husbands and wives have little time to talk to each other.D. Because people want to fulfill their own dreams, leaving no time to look after children.66. We can learn from the passage that _______.A. people in future will not be as interested in children as people at presentB. parenthood will be considered as a positive commitment as it is nowC. women do better in rearing children than menD. parents will receive admiration for taking good care of children67. Nowadays, a lot of highly educated and economically privileged women ________.A. tend to stay at home for more than 18 weeksB. tend to adopt a male life styleC. tend to quit their jobs and stay at homeD. tend to be submissive wives68. It seems that in parenting , women ________.A. are contradictory in their thoughts.B.demand equality between sexesC. tend to leave children to their husbands.D. often quarrel with their husbands69. The underlined word “bereavement” in the para 4 probably means _________.A. departure of his wife.B. death of his wifeC. return of his wifeD. annoyance of his wife（三）完形填空Several years ago, while attending a communication course, I experienced a most unusual process. The instructor asked us to list ___1___ in our past that we felt ___2___ of, regretted, or incomplete about and read our lists aloud.This seemed like a very ___3___ process, but there’ s always some ___4___soul in the crowd who will volunteer. The instructor then ___5___ that we find ways to ___6___ people, or take some action to right any wrong doings. I was seriously wondering how this could ever ___7___ my communication.Then the man next to me raised his hand and volunteered this story: “Making my ___8___, I remembered an incident from high school. I grew up in a small town. There was a Sheriff___9___ of us kids liked. One night, my two buddies and I decided to play a ___10___ on him.After drinking a few beers, we climbed the tall water tank in the middle of the town, and wrote on the tank in bright red paint: Sheriff Brown is a s.o.b.(畜生). The next day, almost the whole town saw our glorious ___11___. Within two hours, Sheriff Brown had us in his office. My friends told the truth but I lied. No one ___12___ found out.”“Nearly 20 years later, Sheriff Brown’s name ___13___ on my list. I didn’t even know if he was still ___14___. Last weekend, I dialed the information in my hometown and found there was a Roger Brown still listed. I tried his number. After a few ___15___, I heard, “Hello?” I said, “Sheriff Brown?” Paused. “Yes.” “Well, this is Jimmy Calkins.”“And I want you to know that I did it”Paused. “I knew it!” he yelled back. We had a good laugh and a ___16___ discussion. His closing words were: “Jimmy, I always felt bad for you ___17___ your buddies got it off their chest, but you were carrying it ___18___ all these years. I want to thank you for calling me...for your sake.”Jimmy inspired me to ___19___ all 101 items on my list within two years, and I always remember what I learned from the course: It’s never too late to ___20___the past wrongdoings.1. A. something B. anything C. somebody D. anybody2. A. ashamed B. afraid C. sure D. proud3. A. private B. secret C. interesting D. funny4. A. foolish B. polite C. simple D. brave5. A. expected B. suggested C. ordered D. demanded6. A. connect with B. depend on C. make apologize to D. get along with7. A. improve B. continue C. realize D. keep8. A. notes B. list C. plan D. stories9. A. any B. most C. none D. all10. A. part B. game C. trick D. record11. A. view B. sign C. attention D. remark12. A. also B. even C. still D. ever13. A. appears B. considers C. presents D. remembers14. A. angry B. happy C. doubtful D. alive15. A. words B. rings C. repeats D. calls16. A. cold B. plain C. nervous D. lively17. A. in case B. so long as C. unless D. because18. A. around B. out C. on D. away19. A. build up B. make up C. clear up D. give up20. A. regret B. forgive C. right D. punish阅读明白得AWhile all my classmates seem to be crazy about a one-way ticket to Mars(火星), I’d rather say Mars is totally unsuitable for human existence. People won’t have enough food supplies there, and the terrible environment would make it impossible for them to live a long life. Besides, the journey won’t be safe. C an anybody explain to me just why people would go to Mars, never toreturn?Steve Minear, UKHere are the things you can think of: the desire to explore a foreign and unique environment, the excitement of being the first humans to open up a new world, the expectation of fame and glory…For scientists there is another reason. Their observations and research will probably lead to great scientific achievements.Donal Trollop, CanadaThere are already too many people on the Earth. I think that sometime before the end of the century, there will be a human colony(殖民地)on Mars. It will happen when people finally realize that two-way trips to the red planet Mars are unnecessary. Most of the danger of space Flight is in the launches(发射) and landings. Cutting the trip home would therefore reduce the danger of accidents, save a lot of money, and open the way to building an everlasting human settlement on another world.Enough supplies can be sent on ahead. And every two years more supplies and more people will needs, and Mars is far more pleasant than the other planets in the outer space.Paul Davies. USA21. The main purpose of Steve Minear’s writing is .A. to report his classmates’ discussionB. to invite an answer to his questionC. to explain the natural state of MarsD. to show his agreement on going to Mars22. Which of the following best states Donal Trollop’s idea?A. There is a plan to send humans to Mars.B. There are many reasons for going to Mars.C. Scientists become famous by doing research on Mars.D. It is possible to build an Earth-like environment on Mars.23. Paul Davies points out that .A. humans need only a one-way ticket to Mars.B. two-way trips to Mars will be made safe soonC. it is easy to reduce the danger and cost of flights to MarsD. it is cheap to build an everlasting human settlement on Mars24. What does Paul Davies think of human existence on Mars?A. Humans will have to bring all they need from the Earth.B. Humans will find Mars totally unsuitable for living.C. Humans can produce everything they need.D. Humans can live longer in the colony on Mars.BBeing able to multitask—doing several things at the same time—is considered a welcome skill by most people. But if we consider the situation of the young people aged from eight to eighteen, we should think again.What we often see nowadays is that young people juggle an ever larger number of electronic devices(电子产品)as they study. While working, they also surf on the Internet, send out emails,answer the telephone and listen to music on their iPods. In a sense, they are spending a significant amount of time in fruitless efforts as they multitask.Multitasking is even changing the relationship between family members. As young people give so much attention to their own work, they seem to have no time spend with the other people around them. They can no longer greet family members when they enter the house, nor can they eat at the family table.Multitasking also affects young people's performance at university and in the workplace. When asked about their opinion of the effect of modern gadgets(器具)on their performance of tasks, many young people gave a positive response(反应). However, the response from the worlds of education and business was not quite as positive. Educators feel that multitasking by children has a serious effect on later development of study skills. They believe that many college students now need help to improve their study skills. Similarly, employers feel that young people entering the job market need to be taught all over again, as modern gadgets have made it unnecessary for them to learn special skills to do their work.25. What does the underlined word “juggle” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?A. Want to buyB. Take the place of.C. Use at the same timeD. Seek for information from.26. In Paragraph 3, the author points out that .A. family members do not cat at the family tableB. family member do not greet each otherC. young people live happily in their familiesD. young people seldom talk with their family members27. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?A. Multitasking is harmful to young people’s development.B. Young people benefit a lot from modern gadgetsC. Multitasking is an important skill to young people.D. Young people must learn skills for future jobs.28. The author develops the passage mainly by .A. providing typical examplesB. following the natural time orderC. comparing opinions from different fieldsD. presenting a cause and analyzing its effectsCSeeing a volcano erupt (喷发) is a wonderful experience, and you can really feel the beat by climbing to the summit(山顶) of Pacaya for a close-up view. There are guided tours every day up this highly active volcano from Antigua. Giving travelers a chance to see Mother Nature at her most powerful.Pacaya is an easy drive from Antigua, a beautiful city with many colorful houses along its oldstreets that are turned into art-works during its Holy Week festival. No matter when you come to Antigua, you won’t miss the Pacaya-tour companies.But climbing Pacaya is no easy job: it is 2560 metres high, and reaching the summit takes two to three hours of seemingly one-step-forward and two-step-back movements. As you climb, you hear the dull sounds of eruptions high above. Steaming, hot remains from recent eruptions begin to line the path as you near the active summit; the McKenney Cone(火山锥). Just as though you were going to walk over to the edge of the cone, the road turns to the left and up to the relative safety of the old, inactive summit.Many tours are timed so that you arrive at the cone of the volcano in plenty of time for sunset and the full contrast between the erupting red lava(熔岩) and the darkening sky. On a good day the view from the summit is extremely exciting. The active mouth boils, sending red lava over its sides, and once in a while shoots hot streams up to 100 metres into the air. There is a strong bad smell in the air even if you take care to be upwind of the cone. As evening turns deeper into the night. the burning lava quietly falls down the side of the volcano. For you, too, it is time to get down .29. What is the main purpose of this passage?A. To attract tourists to Pacaya.B. To describe the beauty of Pacaya.C. To introduce guided tours to Pacaya.D. To explain the power of nature at Pacaya.30. Antigua is a city .A. where people can enjoy cultural festivalsB. where the daring Pacaya tour startsC. that gives a close-up view of ParayaD. that is famous for its tour companies31. Climbing to the McKenney Cone, people will .A. walk directly to the active summitB. hear the continuous loud noise from aboveC. make greater efforts than to other summitsD. see a path lined with remains of earlier eruptions32. Many tours are timed for people to .A. get down the mountain in time when night fallsB. avoid the smell from the upwind direction of the coneC. enjoy the fantastic eruption against the darkening skyD. appreciate the scenery of the 2560-metre-high mountain。