二手车评估方法探讨英文翻译
“二手车评估”的教学方法探讨
“二手车评估”的教学方法探讨我国快速发展的二手车市场，对二手车评估人才有着巨大的需求，本文根据教学实践，针对职业院校二手车评估人才培养中出现的问题，从学科梯队建设与师资知识储备、教学方法和教学手段等方面对适合我国需求的二手车评估人才的培养方法进行了探讨。
标签：二手车评估教学方法教学手段近几年，我国二手车市场以每年20％～30％的速度递增，下图是2000年～2006年二手车销量的增长曲线图，其中2006年二手车销量为190.59万量，同比增长31.50％，高出新车增长率6个百分点。
截止2004年6月底，全国共有二手车评估师8000多人，其中高级评估师500多人。
据专家统计，仅深圳市在3到5年内就需要二手车评估师3000人，从中可以看出二二手车市场对专业人才存在着巨大的需求。
但我们发现，职业院校中极少有学生毕业后从事二手车评估工作。
通过对该专业毕业生的信息反馈得知，由于对二手车评估能力方面的培养不够系统，教学力度不够，所以导致了同学们没能掌握好二手车评估技能，无法胜任二手车市场的工作。
随着各大专院校毕业生的逐年增多，就业形势日趋紧张，各学校都在想方设法为学生的就业寻找出路。
据统计，目前在全国职业院校中专门开设二手车师评估专业的学校数量不多，在二手车人才培养方面还处于积累经验阶段，在二手车人才的培养中，出现了对专业方向把握不准，培养方法不得当的问题。
因此有必要对二手车评估人才的培养模式进行探讨，加大对二手车评估人才的培养，使学生掌握更多更实用的技能，扩大学生的就业率。
另外，培养大批高素质的二手车评估人才对规范我国二手车市场起着积极的作用。
我国二手车市场存在着严重的信息不对称，是造成二手车销售不畅的一个重要原因。
在二手车交易中，消费者是信息的弱势群体，卖方为了获取利益，常常隐瞒二手车的缺陷。
汽车的专业复杂性，使消费者对于车的了解十分欠缺，而二手车商家又无法出具车辆的维修历史及车况检测报告，消费者在购买二手车时，往往面临质量欺诈、价格欺诈、购买非法车辆等风险，结果造成了整个二手车市场都难以取得消费者的信赖。
二手车鉴定评估规范
技术状况等级 一级 二级 三级 四级 五级
分值区间 鉴定总分≥ 90 60≤鉴定总分＜ 90 20≤鉴定总分＜ 60 鉴定总分＜ 20
事故车
5. 8 评估车辆价值
5.8.1 根据按照车辆有关情况，确立估值方法，并对车辆价值进行估算。 5.8.2 估值方法选用原则：一般情况下，推荐选用现行市价法；在无参照物、 无法使用现行市价法的情况下，选用重置成本法。 5.8.3 现行市价法的运用方法：评估价值为相同车型、配置和相同技术状况鉴 定检测分值的车辆近期的交易价格； 如无参照， 可从本区域本月内的交易记录中 调取相同车型、 相近分值， 或从相邻区域的成交记录中调取相同车型、 相近分值 的成交价格，并结合车辆技术状况鉴定分值加以修正。 5.8.4 当 无任何参照体时，使用重置成本法计算车辆价值。
前言 为规范二手车鉴定评估行为， 营造公平、 公正的二手车消费环境， 保护消费 者合法权益，促进汽车市场健康发展，制定本标准。 本标准在制定过程中， 参考了国外二手车鉴定评估有关法规与行业标准的主 要思路与方法。
术语和定义
本规范采用下列定义： 3.1 二手车 used automobile 本规范所述二手车是指从办理完注册登记手续到达到国家强制报废标准之 前进行交易并转移所有权的汽车。 3.2 二手车鉴定评估 appraisal and inspection 是指对二手车进行技术状况检测、鉴定，确定某一时点价值的过程。 3.2.1 二手车技术状况鉴定 technical inspection 对车辆技术状况进行缺陷描述、等级评定。 3.2.2 二手车价值评估 evaluation 根据二手车技术状况鉴定结果和鉴定评估目的， 对目标车辆价值评估。 价值 评估方法主要包括现行市价法、重置成本法。 3.2.2.1 现行市价法 Current market price method 根据车辆技术状况按照市场现行价格计算出被评估车辆价值的方法。 3.2.2.2 重置成本法 Replacement cost method 按照相同车型市场现行价格重新购置一个全新状态的评估对象， 用所需的全 部成本减去评估对象的实体性、 功能性和经济性陈旧贬值后的差额， 以其作为评 估对象现时价值的方法。 3.3 二手车鉴定评估机构 appraisal and inspection enterprises 从事二手车鉴定评估经营活动的第三方服务机构。 3.4 二手车鉴定评估师 appraiser 与高级二手车鉴定评估师 advanced appraiser
二手汽车-外文文献翻译
二手汽车-外文文献翻译学校代码：10128英文参考文献及译文题目：T h e U s e d C a r I n d u s t r y姓名：马威学院：能源与动力工程系别：交通运输系专业：交通运输班级：交通运输09-2指导教师：高志鹰副教授二〇一三年六月The Used Car IndustryWith annual sales of nearly $370 billion, the used vehicle industry represents almost half of the U.S. auto retail market and is the largest retail segment of the economy.In 2005, about 44 million used cars were sold in the U.S., which is more than double that of the nearly 17 million new cars sold. In 1898, the Empire State Motor Wagon Company is one of the very first used car companies. The used vehicle market is substantially larger than other large retail sectors, such as the school and office products market ($206 billion in estimated annual sales) and the home improvement market ($291 billion in Estimated annual sales).The Federal Trade Commission recommends that consumers consider a car retailer’s reputation when deciding where to purchase a used car.In the United States, an estimated 34% of consumers (in 2006) are buying a Vehicle history report for used cars. Vehicle history reports are one way to check the track record of any used vehicle. The report may indicate minor/moderate collision damage or improper vehicle maintenance.These reports will indicate items of public record, such as vehicle title branding, lemon law buybacks, odometer fraud, and product recall vehicle history reports provide customers with a record based on the vehicle's serial number.An attempt to identify vehicles which have been previously owned by hire car rental agencies, police and emergency services or taxi fleets is also made. Consumers should research vehicles carefully, as these reporting services only report the information to which they have access. In some places the government is a provider of vehicle history, but this is usually a limited service providing information on just one aspect of the history. Two vehicle history reporting services used to offer the service for free namely Install VIN and Vin Check. But currently customers need to pay to view vehicle reports through Instating. Vin Check became part of Auto Check and provides very little information for free, and customers need to buy a detailed report.distributor or repairer each operate at different levels of the production or distribution chain.Whether a vertical agreement actually restricts competition and whether in that case the benefits outweigh the anti-competitive effects will often depend on the market structure. The new Regulation 1400/2002, which entered into force on 1 October 2002, introduces a number of substantial changes as regards the exemption of distribution agreements for new motor vehicles and spare parts. It also introduces major changes] as regards the exemption of agreements for the provision of repair and maintenance services by authorized and independent repairers and other independent operators, such as onroad assistance operators, distributors of spare parts and providers of training for repairers.Auto Transport is used to move the vehicle from the factory to the dealerships. This includes country to country shipping as well as state to state shipping. Auto shipping and transport was largely a commercial activity conducted by dealers, manufacturers and brokers until the last ten to fifteen years. The explosion of Internet use has allowed this niche service to grow and reach the general consumer marketplace. This car shipping industry has grown explosively since the advent of the Internet. People are now able to purchase cars from anywhere in the world and have them shipped to their doorstep.Used Car Roadshow is a car programme that was originally aired on the Men & Motors channel, but now it is also shown on ITV4. The show is presented by Penny Mallory and Jason Dawe. The show airs for one hour. Each programme is filmed at car shows throughout the UK, where enthusiasts display their cars and collections, as well as some who want to sell and buy cars. Penny and Jason always attempt to pick the most eye catching and unusual cars at these shows, as well as demonstrating bargains that can be had from the used car market. Every programme has a different scenario, where a viewing member of the public is looking to buy a used car. Scenarios can vary from the budget-conscious student wanting to spend no more than £1500, to the mid 20 year old wanting a sports car for no more than £20,000. There are also in betweens who want something economical, or good for long distance touring, orfor the family. They give Jason the specifications they want, and the things they would like and not like.Throughout the show Jason comes up with different cars to suit the buyer's needs, summarizing the positives and negatives. He often picks three cars, with one mystery car thrown in to interest the buyer. Normally the buyer is given three cars to examine and decide from with the guidance of Penny and Jason throughout, from which one has to be dropped before the other two can be tested. The test drive is normally taken with Penny on board, who gives her opinions on the car to give the buyer a better insight as to what they may want. If the buyer decides that he/she does not like one of the cars, then Jason will throw in his mystery car to liven things up.In the end the buyer usually makes a decision on the car they want, and attempts to negotiate with Jason, who consequently rings the seller on air from a mobile and tries to achieve the best deal possible for the buying member of the public. As of 2009, no new series/episodes had aired.二手车行业随着每年接近3700亿的成交量，二手车行业占据了美国接近半数的汽车零售市场，它也成为了最大的零售业务的经济体。
二手车定损与评估方法研究
二手车定损与评估方法研究随着汽车消费的普及和发展，二手车市场也逐渐兴起。
在购买二手车的过程中，定损与评估是非常重要的环节。
本文将探讨二手车定损与评估的方法研究，旨在为消费者提供更准确、科学的二手车交易参考。
一、定损方法研究定损是指对车辆损坏程度的评估和估价。
在二手车交易中，定损是买卖双方确定价格的重要依据。
目前，常见的定损方法主要有以下几种：1. 外观检查法：这是最常用的定损方法之一。
通过对车辆外观的检查，包括车身划痕、凹陷、漆面状况等，来评估车辆的损坏程度。
这种方法简单易行，但只能对外观损坏进行粗略估计，无法评估车辆内部结构和机械部件的损坏情况。
2. 技术检测法：这种方法依靠专业的设备和技术人员对车辆进行全面检测，包括车辆结构、机械部件、电子系统等方面。
通过检测数据的分析和比对，可以准确评估车辆的损坏程度和价值。
然而，这种方法费用较高，需要专业人员操作，不适用于普通消费者。
3. 经验估算法：这是一种基于经验和市场行情的估算方法。
通过对同类型车辆的市场价格和历史交易数据的分析，结合对车辆实际情况的观察和判断，来估算车辆的损坏程度和价值。
这种方法简便易行，适用于一般消费者。
然而，由于市场行情的波动和个体差异的存在，估算结果可能存在一定的误差。
二、评估方法研究评估是指对车辆的整体价值进行评估和估价。
在二手车交易中，评估是买卖双方确定价格的重要依据。
目前，常见的评估方法主要有以下几种：1. 市场比较法：这是最常用的评估方法之一。
通过对同类型车辆的市场价格和历史交易数据的分析，来评估车辆的整体价值。
这种方法简便易行，适用于一般消费者。
然而，由于市场行情的波动和个体差异的存在，评估结果可能存在一定的误差。
2. 技术评估法：这种方法依靠专业的设备和技术人员对车辆进行全面评估，包括车辆结构、机械部件、电子系统等方面。
通过评估数据的分析和比对，可以准确评估车辆的整体价值。
然而，这种方法费用较高，需要专业人员操作，不适用于普通消费者。
「评估」英文怎么说？表示「评估」的2种英文说法！
「评估」英文怎么说？表示「评估」的2种英文说法！评估英文应该怎么说呢？常见的评估英文说法有evaluate跟assess，都是动词。
而它们的名词型态分别为evaluation跟asses *** ent。
虽然上面这两个英文字汇都有「评估」的意思，不过意思上还是有些差异的！下面整理了「评估」的相关英文说法与英文例句，赶快学起来吧！1.evaluate 评估，评价；估值「评估」最常见的英文说法是evaluate，evaluate的中文意思是指「评估，评价；估值」的意思，它是指去计算某件东西的价值的意思。
「evaluate 评估」的相关英文例句：例：I can’t evaluate his ability without seeing his work. 我不能不看他的工作就评估他的能力。
例：We need to evaluate Jenny’s ability. 我们需要重新评估珍妮的能力。
2.assess 评价；评定；对…估价「评估」的另一个英文说法是assess，assess的中文意思是指「评价；评定；对…估价」的意思。
至于assess跟evaluate 的细微差别主要在于，assess主要针对过程的评估，比较类似透过「诊断」来评估一件事或一个人的好坏高低差别。
assess 所评估出来的好坏比较偏向绝对的，而evaluate 则是比较相对的。
例：We need to assess the impact on climate change. 我们需要评估对气候变化的影响。
例：It’s difficult to assess the eff ects of these changes. 评估这些变化的影响非常困难。
英文评估, 评估, 评估英文, 评估英文例句, 评估英文怎么说, 评估英文说法, 评估的英文, 评估的英文说法。
二手车技术鉴定与评估毕业论文
二手车技术鉴定与评估摘要现如今异常兴盛的二手车市场越来越缺少二手车评估人才，面对以后中国汽车的良好发展前景和日益增长的国民收入，二手车市场有着不可限量的前景，这就让二手车行业不得不整理出一套二手车鉴定评估的技术，二手车评估技术可以有效制定出二手车价格，促进二手车市场发展，正确的价格必会带来销量上的突破。
鉴定技术会稳固二手车行业的发展，在二手车市场上有很多掺假、黑车等违法车辆会对二手车行业造成损失，这就需要高端的二手车鉴定技术，总而言之二手车鉴定技术是二手车发展不可缺少的元素。
关键词：二手车评估二手车鉴定Identification and assessment of second-hand car technologyAbstractNow very flourishing used-car market increasingly lack of assessment of second-hand car talent, face after China cars with good development prospects and increasing national income, second-hand car market has a limitless prospect, this lets a second-hand car industry to organize a set of second-hand car appraisal technology, assessment of second-hand car technology can effectively develop second-hand car prices, promote the development of second-hand car market, the correct price will bring on the sales breakthrough. Identification technology of strong second-hand car industry development, in the second-hand car market has a lot of adulteration, black and other illegal vehicles on a second-hand car industry losses, which requires the high-end second-hand vehicle identification technology to make a long story short, second-hand car identification technology is an indispensable element of second-hand car development.Key words：assessment of second-hand car second-hand car appraisal毕业设计（论文）原创性声明和使用授权说明原创性声明本人郑重承诺：所呈交的毕业设计（论文），是我个人在指导教师的指导下进行的研究工作及取得的成果。
二手车评估英语
二手车评估英语Used Car EvaluationWhen evaluating a used car, it is important to consider several factors to determine its value and overall condition. Here are some key aspects to assess:1. Exterior: Inspect the car's body for any signs of damage or rust. Look for dents, scratches, and paint chips, as these can affect its resale value.2. Interior: Check the condition of the seats, dashboard, and carpet. Look for any tears, stains, or signs of wear and tear. The overall cleanliness and upkeep of the interior can also give you an idea of how well the car has been maintained.3. Mileage: The mileage of a used car is an important factor that reflects its potential lifespan and wear and tear. Generally, lower mileage is desirable, but it should be considered in relation to the vehicle's age and service history.4. Service History: A well-maintained car will come with a complete service history, including records of regular maintenance and repairs. This information will give you insights into how the car has been cared for and any potential issues it may have had in the past.5. Mechanical Condition: It is recommended to have a qualified mechanic inspect the vehicle to check for any underlying mechanical problems. This assessment will include checking theengine, transmission, brakes, suspension, and electrical systems.6. Test Drive: Take the car for a test drive to evaluate its performance and handling. Pay attention to any abnormal noises, vibrations, or difficulties in acceleration and braking.7. Market Value: Research the market value of the specific make, model, and year of the used car you are evaluating. This will help you determine if the asking price is fair and reasonable.By considering these factors and measures, you can make a more informed decision when evaluating a used car and ensure that you are getting the best value for your money.。
二手汽车外文文献翻译
二手汽车-外文文献翻译————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：学校代码：10128英文参考文献及译文题目：T h e U s e d C a r I n d u s t r y姓名：马威学院：能源与动力工程系别：交通运输系专业：交通运输班级：交通运输09-2指导教师：高志鹰副教授二〇一三年六月The Used Car IndustryWith annual sales of nearly $370 billion, the used vehicle industry represents almost half of the U.S. auto retail market and is the largest retail segment of the economy.In 2005, about 44 million used cars were sold in the U.S., which is more than double that of the nearly 17 million new cars sold. In 1898, the Empire State Motor Wagon Company is one of the very first used car companies. The used vehicle market is substantially larger than other large retail sectors, such as the school and office products market ($206 billion in estimated annual sales) and the home improvement market ($291 billion in Estimated annual sales).The Federal Trade Commission recommends that consumers consider a car retailer’s reputation when deciding where to purchase a used car.In the United States, an estimated 34% of consumers (in 2006) are buying a Vehicle history report for used cars. Vehicle history reports are one way to check the track record of any used vehicle. The report may indicate minor/moderate collision damage or improper vehicle maintenance.These reports will indicate items of public record, such as vehicle title branding, lemon law buybacks, odometer fraud, and product recall vehicle history reports provide customers with a record based on the vehicle's serial number.An attempt to identify vehicles which have been previously owned by hire car rental agencies, police and emergency services or taxi fleets is also made. Consumers should research vehicles carefully, as these reporting services only report the information to which they have access. In some places the government is a provider of vehicle history, but this is usually a limited service providing information on just one aspect of the history. Two vehicle history reporting services used to offer the service for free namely Install VIN and Vin Check. But currently customers need to pay to view vehicle reports through Instating. Vin Check became part of Auto Check and provides very little information for free, and customers need to buy a detailed report.Several of the services, most notably those in the United Kingdom and theUnited States, sell reports to dealers and then encourage the dealers to display the reports on their Internet sites. These reports are paid for by the dealer and then offered for free to potential buyers of the vehicle. Car check service is available online for the public and motor trade.Companies may add to the reports additional information gathered from police, finance and insurance companies.In the UK, the DVLA provides information (Car check) on the registration of vehicles to certain companies for consumer protection and anti-fraud purposes. Used car pricing reports typically produce three forms of pricing information. Dealer or Retail Price is the price you should expect to pay if buying from a licensed new-car or used-car dealer — retail price. Dealer Trade-in Price or wholesale price is the price you should expect to receive from a dealer if you trade in a car. This is also the price that a dealer will typically pay for a car at a dealer wholesale auction. Private-Party Price is the price you should expect to pay if you were buying from an individual. A private-party seller is hoping to get more money than they would with a trade-in to a dealer. A private-party buyer is hoping to pay less than the dealer retail price.The growth of the Internet has fueled the availability of information on the prices of used cars. This information was once only available in trade publications that dealers had access to. There are now numerous sources for used car pricing. Multiple sources of used car pricing means that listed values from different sources may differ. Each pricing guide receiving data from different sources and makes different judgments about that data. Pricing of used cars can be affected by geography. For example, convertibles have a higher demand in warmer climates than in cooler areas. Similarly, pickup trucks may be more in demand in rural than urban settings. The overall condition of the vehicle has a major impact on pricing. Condition is based on appearances, vehicle history, mechanical condition and mileage. There is much subjectivity in how the condition of a car is evaluated.There are various theories as to how the market determines the prices of used cars sold by private parties, especially relative to new cars. One theory suggests that new car dealers are able to put more effort into selling a car, and can therefore stimulate stronger demand. Another theory suggests that owners of problematic cars("lemons") are more likely to want to sell their cars than owners of perfectly functioning vehicles. Therefore, someone buying a used car bears a higher risk of buying a lemon. A car dealership or vehicle local distribution is a business that sells new and/or used cars at the retail level, based on a dealership contract with an automaker or its sales subsidiary. It employs automobile salespeople to do the selling. It may also provide maintenance services for cars, thus employing automobile mechanics, stock and sell spare automobile parts, and process warranty claims.In China, an authorized car dealership is called 4S car shops. The 4S represents Sale, Spare part, Service and Survey .In most cases, brand-name new cars can be purchased only from 4S shops. For new cars in high demand, a premium is sometimes added for instant delivery or just placing an order. Likewise, cars with high supply are often discounted. The profit of car dealers in China is quite high compared to the rest of the world, in most cases 10%. This is due to the non-transparent invoice price as announced by manufacturers and to the premiums they charge for quick delivery. Due to the lack of knowledge for most customers, dealers can sell add-ons at much higher prices than the aftermarket. This field is ruled by Commission Regulation (EC) NO 1400/2002 of 31 July 2002, on the application of article 81(3) of the Treaty to categories of vertical agreements and concerted practices in the motor vehicle sector.In the Member States of the European Union, motor vehicle and spare part manufacturers distribute their products through networks of distributors. As far as motor vehicles are concerned, these distributors are commonly known as dealers. Motor vehicle manufacturers and other undertakings also operate networks of authorized repairers. Such a distribution or repair network consists of a bundle of similar agreements between the manufacturer and the individual distributors or body shops. For the purposes of EU competition law, these agreements are referred to as vertical agreements, as the manufacturer and distributor or repairer each operate at different levels of the production or distribution chain.Whether a vertical agreement actually restricts competition and whether in that case the benefits outweigh the anti-competitive effects will often depend on the market structure. The new Regulation 1400/2002, which entered into force on 1 October 2002, introduces a number of substantial changes as regards the exemption ofdistribution agreements for new motor vehicles and spare parts. It also introduces major changes] as regards the exemption of agreements for the provision of repair and maintenance services by authorized and independent repairers and other independent operators, such as onroad assistance operators, distributors of spare parts and providers of training for repairers.Auto Transport is used to move the vehicle from the factory to the dealerships. This includes country to country shipping as well as state to state shipping. Auto shipping and transport was largely a commercial activity conducted by dealers, manufacturers and brokers until the last ten to fifteen years. The explosion of Internet use has allowed this niche service to grow and reach the general consumer marketplace. This car shipping industry has grown explosively since the advent of the Internet. People are now able to purchase cars from anywhere in the world and have them shipped to their doorstep.Used Car Roadshow is a car programme that was originally aired on the Men & Motors channel, but now it is also shown on ITV4. The show is presented by Penny Mallory and Jason Dawe. The show airs for one hour. Each programme is filmed at car shows throughout the UK, where enthusiasts display their cars and collections, as well as some who want to sell and buy cars. Penny and Jason always attempt to pick the most eye catching and unusual cars at these shows, as well as demonstrating bargains that can be had from the used car market. Every programme has a different scenario, where a viewing member of the public is looking to buy a used car. Scenarios can vary from the budget-conscious student wanting to spend no more than £1500, to the mid 20 year old wanting a sports car for no more than £20,000. There are also in betweens who want something economical, or good for long distance touring, or for the family. They give Jason the specifications they want, and the things they would like and not like.Throughout the show Jason comes up with different cars to suit the buyer's needs, summarizing the positives and negatives. He often picks three cars, with one mystery car thrown in to interest the buyer. Normally the buyer is given three cars to examine and decide from with the guidance of Penny and Jason throughout, from which one has to be dropped before the other two can be tested. The test drive isnormally taken with Penny on board, who gives her opinions on the car to give the buyer a better insight as to what they may want. If the buyer decides that he/she does not like one of the cars, then Jason will throw in his mystery car to liven things up.In the end the buyer usually makes a decision on the car they want, and attempts to negotiate with Jason, who consequently rings the seller on air from a mobile and tries to achieve the best deal possible for the buying member of the public. As of 2009, no new series/episodes had aired.二手车行业随着每年接近3700亿的成交量，二手车行业占据了美国接近半数的汽车零售市场，它也成为了最大的零售业务的经济体。