余志远《英语国家概况》(2015年版)笔记和课后习题详解资料
余志远《英语国家概况》（2015年版）复习笔记和课后习题详解（第7章英国政治——第9章美国地理）
余志远《英语国家概况》（2015年版）复习笔记和课后习题详解（第7章英国政治——第9章美国地理）第7章英国政治7.1 复习笔记【知识框架】Ⅰ. Constitutional FrameworkⅡ. Parliament1. The Crown or Sovereign2. The House of Lords3. The House of Commons4. The Prime Minister and the CabinetⅢ. Regional GovernmentⅣ. Local GovernmentⅤ. JusticeⅥ. Political Process1. Elections2. Two-part System3. Female Representation in Britain PoliticsⅦ. Security【重难点归纳】The UK is a state of constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary democracy. In theUK, the country’s head of state is the reigning king or queen, and the head of government is the prime minister, who is the leader of the majority political party in the House of Commons.英国是⼀个君主⽴宪制和议会民主制国家。
在英国，国家元⾸是在位的国王或⼥王，政府⾸脑是⾸相，他是下议院多数党领袖。
Ⅰ. Constitutional Framework1. The British constitution is made up of statute law, common law and conventions.2. The main elements of the government are the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary.Ⅰ. 宪法框架1. 英国宪法由成⽂法、普通法和公约组成。
余志远《英国国家概况》笔记和课后习题详解-爱尔兰共和国、美国(第11~22章)【圣才出品】
第二部分爱尔兰共和国第11章地理和历史11.1 复习笔记Ⅰ. Geographical FeaturesⅡ. Climate and Weather1. The Northwest2. Connacht and Clare3. The Southwest4. The Southeast5. The Central Lowland6. The NortheastⅢ. Population and ReligionⅣ. Historical BackgroundⅤ. Foreign PolicyⅠ. Geographical Features1. The Republic of Ireland is bounded on the northeast by Northern Ireland, on the east and southeast by the Irish Sea and St. George’s Channel and on the north and west by the Atlantic Ocean.2. The capital is Dublin.3. Variety is the main feature of the lowlands. The Central Lowland is the heart of Ireland.4. The Irish coast, with its striking cliffs, is among the most impressive in Europe.5. As Ireland was completely covered by ice sheets during the Ice Age, all extant plants and animals are migrant species from other parts of Europe.Ⅰ. 地理特征1. 爱尔兰共和国的东北部和北爱尔兰接壤，东部和东南部是爱尔兰海和圣乔治海峡，北部和西部是大西洋。
英语国家概况课后习题（附答案）
英语国家概况课后习题（附答案）英语国家概况课后习题（附答案）Chapter 1Ⅰ.Read the following statement and decide whether they are ture(T) or false (F).—F—1.People in different parts of Britain like to use the name England to refer to their country.—T—2.The Severn River is the longest river of Britain ,which originates in Wales and flows through western England.—F—3.T oday more than half of the people in Wales still speak the ancient Welsh language.—F—4.In terms of population and area,Northern Ireland is the second largest part of Britain.—F—5.Although the climate in Britain is generally mild ,the temperature in northern Scotland often falls bellow-10℃in January.—T—6.The majority of the people in Britain are descendants of the Anglo-Saxons.—T—7.The Celtic people were the earliest known inhabitants of Britain.—F—8.English evolved into what is now described as Modern English from the late 16th century.Ⅱ.Choose the best answer to complete each of the following statements.1.The two main islands of the British Isles are—A—A.Great Britain and IrelandB.Great Britain and ShcotlandC.Great Britain and EnglandD.Great Britain and England2. —B—is the capital city of Scotland.A.BelfastB.EdinburghC.LondonD.Cardiff3. Among the four parts of the United Kingdom, —D—is the smallest.A.EnglandB.ScotlandC.WalesD.Northern Ireland4. English belongs to the —C—group of the Indo-European family of languages.A.CelticB.NormanC.GermanticD.Roman5. The introduction of Christianity to Britain added the first element of -—D—words to English.A.Danish and FinnishB.Dutch and GermanC.French and Italian/doc/c715327780.html,tin and Greek6. The evolution of Middle English was reinforced by the—A—influence.A.NormanB.DutchC.GermanD.Danish7. Samuel Johnson’s dictionary was influential in establishing a standard formof—C—.8. At present,nearly —C—of the world’s populations communicate in English.A.halfB.a quarterC.one thirdD.one fifthⅢ.Give brief answers to the following questions.1.Why do tourist from all over the world like go to Scotland?2.How many periods can the development of the English language be dividedintoand what are they?3.Why did English become more important after the Black Death?Ⅳ.State your understanding of the following questions.1.Who are the British people?2.What is Standard English?Chapter 2Ⅰ.Read the following statements and decide whether they are true(T) or false(F).—T—1.Birtish history before 55 BC is basically undocumented.—T—2.The Anglo Saxon came to Britain in the 5th century.—F—3.The chief or king of the Anglo Saxon tribes exercised power at their own will.—T—4.The Viking began to attack the English coast in the 8th century.—T—5.Henry Ⅱbuilt up a large empire which included England and most of france.—F—6.The Magana Carta was designed to protect the rights of both the privileged class and townspeople.—F—7.The Hundred Years’War was a series of wars foughtbetween the British and the Vikings for trade and territory.—T—8.In an effort to make a compromise between different religious factions,Queen Elizabeth Ⅰactually defended the fruit the Reformation.Ⅱ. Choose the best answer to complete each of the following statements.1. The—D—attack on Rome ended the Roman occupation in Britain in 410.A. NormanB. DanishC.CelticD.Germanic2. By the late 7th century, —D—became the dominant religion in England.A. Celtic ChristianityB. Anglo Saxons ChristianityC.Germanic ChristianityD. Roman Christianity3. The—C—marked the establishment of feudualism in England.A.Viking invasionsB. signing of the Magna CartaC.Norman ConquestD.adoption of common law4. The end of the Wars of the Roses led to the rule of—C—A.the House of ValoisB. the House of YorkC. the House of TudorD. the House of Lancaster5. The direct cause ofor the Reformation was King HenryⅧ’s effort to—A—.A.divorce his wifeB.break with RomeC.support the ProtestantD.declare his supreme power over the church6. The English Civil War broke out in1642 between —B—A.the Protestant and the PuritansB.the Royalist and the ParliamentarianC.the nobles and the peasantsD.the aristocrats and the Christians7. —A—was passed after the Glorious Revolution.A.The Bill of RightsB.The Act of SupremacyC.The Provisions of OxfordD.The Magna Carta8. The Industrail Revolution was accomplished in Britain by the middle of the—C—century.A.17thB.18thC.19thD.20thⅢ.Give brief answers to the following questions.1.What were Queen Victoria’s major achievements?2.What were the two camps in the World WarⅠ?3.Why did Britain cooperate closely with the Uinited States after World War Ⅱ?Ⅳ.State your understanding of the following questions.1.What were the results of the Industrail revolution in Britain?2.Explain the rise and fall of the British Empire.Chapter 3Ⅰ.Read the following statements and decide whether they are true(T) or false(F).—T—1.Conventions are regarded less important than the statutory law in the working of the England government.—F—2.The British monarchy has never been interrupted throughout the history.—F—3.In reality,the British King or Queen is the house of all government powers.—F—4.The British Parliament is the law making body of the Commonwealth of Nations.—F—5.The members of the House of Commons are appointed rather than elected.—T—6.The British Prime Minister is the leader of the minority party in Parliament.—F—7.Cabinet members are chosen by the Prime Minister from various political parties in Parliament.—T—8.The legal systems in England ,Wales,Scotland and Northern Ireland are muchsimilar in terms of law,orgalizations and practice.Ⅱ. Choose the best answer to complete each of the following statements.1.The British government is characterized by a division of powers between three ofthe following branchs EXCEPT the—C—.A.judiciaryB.legislatureC.monarchyD.executive2. The importance of the British monarchy can be seen in its effect on—D—.A.passing billsB.advising the gowernmentsC.political partiesD.public attitude3. As a revising chamber ,the House of Lords is expected to—B—the House ofCommons.A.rival/doc/c715327780.html,plementC.criticizeD.inspect4. —A—is at the center of the British political system.A.The CabinetB.The House of LordsC.The House of CommonsD.The Privy Council5. The main duty of the British Privy Council is to —B—.A.make decisionsB.give adviceC.pass billsD.supervise the Cabinet6. Generally speaking,the British Parliament operates on a —B—system.A.single partyB.two partyC.three partyD.multi party7. The politices of the Conservative Party are characterized by pragmatismand—D—./doc/c715327780.html,ernmentinterventionB.nationalization of enterprisesC.social reformD.a belief in individualiam8. In Britain,the parliamentary general election is held every—C—years.A.threeB.fourC.fiveD.sixⅢ.Give brief answers to the following questions.1.What are the three functions of the House of Commons?2.What kind of public image does the Liberal Democrats have in Britain?3.Why are independent candidates unlikely towin in the general elections?Ⅳ.State your understanding of the following questions.1.What do British electoral campaigns usually involves during the process of ageneral election?2.What is the Commonwealth of Nations?Chapter 4Ⅰ.Read the following statement and decide whether they are ture(T) or false (F).—T—1.Britain was the first industrialized nation in the world.—T—2.The British economy experienced a relative decline during the postwar period.—F—3.Limited resources and high unemployment rate were persistent.—F—4.Thatcher’s revolution turned out to be agreat success in dealing with all the British economic and socialproblems.—T—5.The economic approach adopted by Tony Blair was different from that of the old Labor Party and the Conservetive Party.—T—6.Blair made the Bank of England independent in oder to separate politics from economic policy.—F—7.Britain is an important oil exporter since its oil industry has a long history.—T—8.Nuclear power is one of the major energy sources in Britain.Ⅱ.Choose the best answer to complete each of the following statements.1. The —A— in the early 1970s worsened an already stagnant economy in Britain.A.oil crisisB.high inflation rates/doc/c715327780.html,rge importsD.unemployment problem2. Of the following practices, —C—did not belong to Thatcher’s social welfare reform.A.reducing child benefitsB.shortening the period of unemployment benefitsC.reducing unemploymentD.lowering old age pension3. The Blair government was successful in the following aspect EXPECT—D—.A.limiting government spendingB.keeping inflation under controlC.reducing unemploymentD.reducing inequality4. Britain has devoted about—C—of its land area toagriculture.A.50%B.60%C.70%D.80%5. Britain’s important fishing areas include all the following EXCEPT—D—.A.the North SeaB.the English ChannelC.the area around the Irish coastD.the sea area between Britain and Ireland6. Coal mining industry in Britain provides—B—of the energy consumed in thecountry.A.one thirdB.one fourthC.one fifthD.two thirds7. The car industry in Britain is mostly —A—.A.foreign ownedB.state ownedC.joint ownedD.privately owned8. Of the following sectors in Britain, —C—has experienced spectacular growthsince the end of the World War Ⅱ.A.agricultureB.the energy industryC.the service sectorD.the manufacturing industryⅢ.Give brief answers to the following questions.1.What was the negative aspect of Thatch er’s reform in the early 1980s.2.What are the charactoristics of Britain’sagriculture?3.What happened to Britain’s beef industry in the mid 1990s?Ⅳ.State your understanding of the following questions.1.What were the major causes of Britain’s relative e conomic decline in the postwar period?2.Why do developed nations like Britian encourage the development of the service industry?Chapter 5Ⅰ.Read the following statement and decide whether they are ture(T) or false (F).—F—1.The Britain government has been responsible for education since the early 1800s.—F—/doc/c715327780.html,cation inBritain is compulsory for all children between the ages of 6 and 15.—F—3.The National Curriculum is compulsory in both the states system and the independent system.—T—4.When children finish their schooling at 16,they are required to take a national GCSE examination.—T—5.Graduates from state schools in Britain have a less favorable chance to enter famous universities than those from independent schools.—F—6.The Times is the world oldest Sunday newspapers.—F—7.The BBC World Service broadcast only in English throughout the world.—T—8. Some British holidays are celebrated to mark important events in the Christian calendar,and some others are related to local customs and traditions.Ⅱ.Choose the best answer to complete each of the following statements.1. In Britain,the division between grammer schools and vocational schools was ended by the introduction of comprehensive schools in the —D—.A.1930sB.1940sC.1950sD.1960s2. Over—C—of British children receive primary and secondary education through the independent system.A.5%B.6%C.7%D.Partially funded 8%3. Partially funded by central government grants,most of the British universities receive the remaining funds from all the following sources EXCEPT—B—.A.tuition feesB.loansC.donationsD.corporate contributions4. To be admitted to the Open University, one needs—B—.A.some educational qualificatonsB.no educational qualificationsC.the General Certificate of Education Advanced level.D. the General Certificate of Secondary Education5. Among Britain’s quality press,the following newspapers are regarded as the“Big Three”EXCEPT—C—.A.The TimesB.The GuardianC.The ObserverD.The Daily Telegraph6. Life On Earth is a kind of —C—program produced by the BBC is popularworldwide.A.radioB.dramaC.documentaryD.soap opera7. —D—is Britain’s top pay television provider.A.BSBB.SkyTVC.BBCD.BSkyB。
余志远《英语国家概况》(2015年版)复习笔记和课后习题详解(第8章 英国社会和文化)【圣才出品】
第8章英国社会和文化8.1复习笔记【知识框架】Ⅰ.Health and Welfare1.The National Health Service2.Private Medical Care3.Cash BenefitsⅡ.HousingⅢ.Education1.Primary and Secondary Education2.Private Schools3.Higher EducationⅣ.Cultural LifeⅤ.Daily Life and Social CustomsⅥ.ArtsⅦ.Cultural InstitutionⅧ.Sports and RecreationⅨ.Media and Publishing1.Newspapers2.Broadcasting【重难点归纳】Ⅰ.Health and Welfare1.The National Health Service(1)The National Health Service is a nationwide institution based on Acts ofParliament.The NHS provides medical care through a tripartite structure of primary care,hospitals,and community health care.(2)The Community Health Service has three functions:to provide preventive healthservices;to act as a liaison with local government;and to cooperate with local government personal social service departments.Ⅰ.健康和福利1.国家卫生系统(1)国民保健服务是根据议会法案建立的全国性机构。
余志远《英国国家概况》笔记和课后习题详解(大不列颠和北爱尔兰联合王国 向现代时期的过渡)【圣才】
第4章向现代时期的过渡4.1 复习笔记Ⅰ. Transition to the Modern Age (1455—1485)Ⅱ. The English ReformationⅢ. Elizabeth Ⅰ (1558—1603)1. Elizabeth and Parliament2. Elizabeth’s Religious Reform3. Elizabeth’s Foreign PolicyⅣ. The English RenaissanceⅤ. James Ⅰ (1603—1625) and the ParliamentⅥ. Charles Ⅰ (1625—1649) and the ParliamentⅦ. The Civil WarsⅧ. The Commonwealth (1649—1660)Ⅸ. The Restoration and the Glorious Revolution of 1688Ⅰ. Transition to the Modern Age (1455—1485)1. The name Wars of the Roses as a series of wars between House of Lancaster and the House of York between 1455 and 1485. After the war, the great medievalnobility was much weakened and discredited. The king’s power now became supreme.2. Henry Tudor became Henry Ⅶ (1485—1509). He gave England very firm rule. Ⅰ. 向现代时期的过渡(1455—1485)1. 玫瑰战争指的是兰开斯特王朝和约克王朝之间从1455年到1485年的一系列战争。
余志远《英语国家概况》(2015年版)复习笔记和课后习题详解(第13章 美国历史(Ⅲ)(1945至今
第13章美国历史（Ⅲ）（1945至今）13.1 复习笔记【知识框架】Ⅰ. The Origins of the Cold WarⅡ. The Truman Doctrine and the Marshall PlanⅢ. The Berlin blockade and the Founding of the NATOⅣ. U.S. Support of Chiang Kaishek and the Korean WarⅤ. McCarthyismⅥ. The Civil Rights Movement in the 1950sⅦ. American Society during the Postwar Boom: 1945—1960s Ⅷ. The Cuban Missile CrisisⅨ. The Vietnam WarⅩ. United States’Relations with ChinaⅪ. Reagan Administration (1981—1989)1. Domestic Affairs2. Foreign Affairs3. Other Events of the Reagan YearsⅫ. George H. W. Bush Administration (1989—1993)ⅩⅢ. The World’s Sole Superpower (1992 to Present)1. Domestic Affairs in the Bush Years2. Clinton Administration (1993—2001)3. George W. Bush Administration (2001—2009)4. Barack Obama Administration (2009—2017)【重难点归纳】Ⅰ. The Origins of the Cold War1. When the Second World War finally ended in September 1945, the clash of interests between America and the Soviet Union became clear.2. On February 22, 1946, George Kennan, wrote in the telegram that the U.S. policy should be “a long-term, patient but firm and vigilant containment of Russian expansive tendencies.”Later the containment policy became the official policy towards the Soviet Union until 1989.Ⅰ. 冷战的起源1. 1945年9月，第二次世界大战忠于结束了，美国和苏联之间的利益冲突越来越明显。
余志远《英国国家概况》笔记和课后习题详解(今天的新西兰)【圣才出品】
第34章今天的新西兰34.1 复习笔记Ⅰ. The Political System1. The Parliament2. The executive3. The judiciary4. Local governmentⅡ. Characteristics of New Zealand PeopleⅢ. Health Care1. Health2. Dental health3. Public health and children4. WelfareⅣ. Education1. Early childhood education2. Primary education3. Secondary education4. Rural education5. T ertiary educationⅤ. The International Marketplace1. Exports2. Imports3. Agriculture4. Crops and horticulture5. Industry6. EnergyⅥ. Culture and the ArtsⅦ. New Zealand and the WorldⅠ. The Political System(1) There is no written constitution.(2) It is contained in a large number of parliamentary statutes (laws), judiciary (court)rulings, and administrative practices.(3) New Zealand is a sovereign independent state, with a parliamentarygovernment and a constitutional monarchy.(4) Queen Elizabeth Ⅱis Queen of New Zealand as well as Britain. She isrepresented in New Zealand by the Governor-General.(5) The present Governor-General is a woman, Dame Kath Tizzard.(6) The Governor-General has very little real power, but provides continuity whengovernments change and has an important national role as representative of the monarch.Ⅰ. 政治体系(1) 新西兰没有成文宪法。
余志远《英语国家概况》(2015年版)复习笔记和课后习题详解(第15章 美国政治)【圣才出品】
第15章美国政治15.1复习笔记【知识框架】Ⅰ.The U.S.Constitution1.The Federal system2.Separation of powers:checks and balances3.Provisions for amendment4.Bill of RightsⅡ.The Legislative Branch1.A Two-chamber Congress2.The House of Representatives3.Senate4.Functions of the CongressⅢ.The Executive BranchⅣ.The Judicial Branch1.The Supreme Court2.Courts of Appeals and District CourtsⅤ.State GovernmentⅥ.Local Government【重难点归纳】Ⅰ.The U.S.ConstitutionThe American Constitution is the oldest written constitution in the world.It was drawn up in1787and went into effect in1789.Ⅰ.美国宪法美国宪法是世界上最古老的成文宪法。
1787年制定，1789年生效。
1.The Federal systemThe Constitution set up a federal system of government which has two layers of rule.There is federal government.There are also state and local governments.1.联邦系统宪法规定了具有两层规则的联邦政府系统，包括联邦政府与州和地方政府。
2.Separation of powers:checks and balancesThe government is divided into three branches,the legislative,the executive and the judicial.And each branch can check the actions of the other branches.The three branches are thus in balance.This is called“checks and balances”.2.三权分立，相互制衡政府分为三个分支机构，即立法，行政和司法。
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余志远《英语国家概况》（2015年版）笔记和课后习题详解
关注薇公号-精研学习网-查找资料
本书是余志远《英语国家概况》（2015年版）教材的学习辅导书，主要包括以下内容：
1．整理名校笔记，浓缩内容精华。
在参考了国内外名校名师讲授该教材的课堂笔记基础上，复习笔记部分对该章的重难点进行了整理，因此，本书的内容几乎浓缩了该教材的知识精华。
2．解析课后习题，提供详尽答案。
本书参考了该教材的国内外配套资料和其他教材的相关知识对该教材的课（章）后习题进行了详细的分析和解答，并对相关重要知识点进行了延伸和归纳。
本书提供电子书及打印版，方便对照复习。
第一部分英国
第1章国土与人民
1.1复习笔记
【知识框架】
Ⅰ.Geographical Features
1.The UK’s Geographical Location and Its Size
2.Rivers and Lakes
Ⅱ.Climate
1.A Maritime Climate
2.Factors Which Influence the Climate
3.Rainfall
Ⅲ.Plant and Animal Life
1.Plant Life
2.Animal Life
1.Ethnic Groups
nguages
3.Religion
4.Urbanization
5.Population Growth
6.Migration Patterns
【重难点归纳】
1.Great Britain is made up of England,Scotland,and Wales.Together with Northern Ireland, it forms the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
2.The total population of the UK was around63million,which is the third-largest in the European Union and the22nd-largest in the world.
3.The UK is a developed country with considerable economic,cultural,military,scientific and political influence internationally.
4.The UK’s capital is London,and it has other major cities including,Birmingham,Liverpool, and Manchester in England and so on.
1.大不列颠由英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士组成。
它同北爱尔兰一起组成了大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
2.英国总人口约为6300万，是欧盟第三大人口国，世界第二十二人口国。
3.英国是一个发达国家，在经济、文化、军事、科技、政治等领域都具有相当的国际影响力。
4.英国的首都是伦敦，其他主要城市包括英国的伯明翰、利物浦和曼彻斯特等。
Ⅰ.Geographical Features
1.The UK’s Geographical Location and Its Size
(1)The UK is bordered on the south by the English Channel,on the cast by the North Sea, and on the west by the Irish Sea and the Atlantic Ocean.Its only land border with another nation is between Northern Ireland and Ireland.
(2)The UK is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel.
(3)The UK covers a total area of244,110sq.km.
(4)England is the largest,most populous,and wealthiest division of the UK.
Ⅰ.地理特征
1.英国的地理位置及其规模
(1)英国的南面是英吉利海峡，北面是北海，西面是爱尔兰海和大西洋。
它与另一个国家唯一的陆地边界是在北爱尔兰和爱尔兰之间。
(2)英吉利海峡把英国与欧洲其他地区隔开。
(3)英国国土面积24.41万平方公里。
(4)英格兰是英国最大、人口最多、最富有的地区。
2.Rivers and Lakes
(1)Rivers in central and eastern Britain tend to flow slowly and steadily all year long.Many have been navigable.The Highlands act as a divide and determine whether rivers flow west to the Irish Sea or cast to the North Sea.
(2)The Thames and the Severn are the longest rivers in Britain and are almost equal in length.
(3)In Scotland the important rivers are the Clyde and the Forth,which arc joined by a canal.
(4)Loch Lomond is the largest on the island of Great ke Windermere is the largest of the15major lakes in the famous Lake District of northwestern England.
(1)英国中部和东部的河流常年缓慢而稳定地流动。
很多河流都是可以航行的。
高地作为分水岭，决定着河流是向西流入爱尔兰海，还是向北流入北海。
(2)泰晤士河和塞文河是英国最长的河流，长度几乎相等。
(3)在苏格兰，重要的河流是克莱德河和福斯河，它们由一条运河连接起来。
(4)洛蒙德湖是大不列颠岛上最大的湖。
温德米尔湖是英格兰西北部著名湖区15个主要湖泊中最大的一个。
Ⅱ.Climate
1.A Maritime Climate
It has a favorable maritime climate—winters are mild,not too cold and summers are cool, not too hot,and it has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole year.
Ⅱ.气候
1.海洋性气候
英国海洋性气候宜人，冬天温和，不太冷；夏天凉爽，不太热。
全年降水稳定。
2.Factors Which Influence the Climate
(1)The surrounding waters tend to balance the seasonal differences by heating up the land in winter and cooling it off in summer.
(2)The prevailing south-west winds blow over the country all the year round.
(3)The North Atlantic Drift passes the western coast of the British Isles and warms them.
2.影响英国气候的因素
(1)周围的海域平衡了季节的变化，冬天加热，夏天降温。
(2)西南部的盛行风一年四季都吹向英国。
(3)北大西洋暖流经过不列颠群岛的西部沿海地区，带来温暖。