2018年上海长宁(嘉定)区高三一模试题(附答案)
上海市长宁区、嘉定区2018年高三(一模)物理试题及答案
长宁、嘉定区2021~2021年第一学期高三年级期终学业质量调研测试物理试卷(时间60分钟,总分值100分)Q2021.12全卷包括三大题,第一大题为单项选择题,第二大题为填空题,第三大题综合题.考生注意：1、答卷前,务必用钢笔或圆珠笔在做题纸正面清楚地填写姓名、准考证号.2、第一大题的作答必须用2B铅笔涂在做题纸上相应区域内与试卷题号对应的位置,需要更改时,必须将原选项用橡皮擦去,重新选择.第二和第三大题的作答必须用黑色的钢笔或圆珠笔写在做题纸上与试卷题号对应的位置(作图可用铅笔) .3、计算题要求写出必要的文字说明、方程式和重要的演算步骤.只写出最后答案,而未写出主要演算过程的,不能得分.有关物理量的数值计算问题,答案中必须明确写出数值和单位.一、选择题(第1-8小题,每题3分；第9-12小题,每题4分,共40分.每题只有一个正确答案)1.历史上首先正确熟悉力和运动的关系,推翻力是维持物体运动的原因〞的物理学家是(A)胡克(B)牛顿(C)伽利略(D)阿基米德2.静电力恒量k的数值及单位是(A) 9X109 N m2/C2(B) 9X10-9N m2/C2(C) 9X109C2/ (N m2) (D) 9X10-9C2/ (N m2)3.如下图,细绳竖直拉紧,小球和光滑斜面接触,那么小球受到的力是(A)重力、绳的拉力(B)绳的拉力、斜面的支持力(C)重力、斜面的支持力(D)重力、绳的拉力、斜面的支持力4.如下图,横坐标表示分子速率,纵坐标表示各等间隔速率区间的分子数占总分子数的百分比.图中曲线对应的温度T1和T2的关系是(A)「>T2 (B) T1=T2 (C) T1<T2 (D)无法确定分子帮“ 百分5 .质量为2kg 的质点在大小为1N 和5N 两个恒力的作用下运动,加速度的值可能为6 .匀速圆周运动是一种 (B)匀加速运动(A) 0.5m/s 2(B) 1.5m/s 2 (C) 2. 5m/s 2 (D) 3.5 m/s 2(A)匀速运动(C)匀加速曲线运动(D)变加速曲线运动7 .如下图,弹簧振子在 B 、C 两点间做无摩擦的往复运动, O 是振子的平衡位置.那么振子(A)从B 向O 运动过程中速度一直变小 (B)从O 向C 运动过程中速度一直变小 (C)从B 经过O 向C 运动过程中速度一直变小 (D)从C 经过O 向B 运动过程中速度一直变小 8 .某静电场的电场线分布如下图,图中 P 、Q 两点的电场强度白^大小分别为 E P 和E Q ,电势分别为加和如,那么(A) EP > E Q , ())P >M(B)E P >E Q , 加〈加(C)E P < E Q ,妒> 帜(D) E P < E Q , (jp< 加9. 一个物体做竖直上抛运动,从抛出到回到原处的过程中 (A)上升过程和下降过程,经过的位移相等 (B)上升过程和下降过程,经过同一位置速度相等 (C)运动过程中,相等时间内通过的位移可能相等 (D)运动过程中,任何相等时间内速度的变化一定相等 10.如下图的电路,当滑动变阻器 R 3的滑片向下移动时, (A) V 的示数变大 (B) Ai 的示数变大 (C) A2的示数变大(D) A3的示数变小各电表的示数变化情况正确的选项是11.如下图为 用DIS 实验研究加速度与质量的关系 〞实验装置.关于小车和钩码的质量,正 确的操作是(A)小车和钩码的质量都要改变 (B)要限制小车和钩码的质量都不变 (C)要限制小车的质量不变,改变钩码的质量(D)要限制钩码的质量不变,改变小车的质量 向 ㈱ ।□WB12. 如下图,光滑固定斜面的倾角为 30.,A 、B 两物体用不可伸长的轻绳相连,并通过滑轮A 、B 两物体离地高度相同,且刚好处于静止状态.假设剪短轻绳,那么(A) A 、B 落地时速度之比为 1:2 (B) A 、B 落地时动能之比为 2:1 (C) A 、B 落地时机械能之比为1:1(D) A 、B 运动到地面的时间之比为4:1二、填空题(每题4分,共20分)13 .如下图,把电荷量为5X10-9 C 的正电荷,从电场中的 A 点移到B 点,其电势能将(选填 增大"、藏小〞或 不变〞).假设A 点电势为10V, B 点电势为18V,那么此过程中,电场力做功 为 J.14 . 一列向右传播的横波在 t=0时刻的波形如下图,10s BP 点出现第一次波峰, 那么该波的周15 .电源电动势 E=1.48V 、内阻r=0.5乌根据如图(a)所示的电路进行实验：改变电阻箱 的电阻Rx,并将电压传感器和电流传感器的数据,通过计算机拟合得出如图( b)所示的U-I 关系图线.那么电路中白^定值电阻 R= ◎.实验过程中电压传感器的电压 U 和电阻箱的电阻 Rx 之间的关系式为U=.16 .如下图,气缸固定于水平面,用截面积为 20cm 2的活塞封闭一定量的气体,活塞与缸壁间摩擦不计.当气体温度为27c 时,活塞在F=40N 、方向向右的外力作用下保持静止,封闭气体的压强为_Pa ；假设保持活塞不动,将气体温度升至 压强为1.0M05Pa)置于斜面和斜面的右侧,此时期为s, P 点第二次出现波谷的时刻为 s.87 C,那么此时F 的大小变为17 .如下图,一个粗细均匀、内部横截面积均为 S 的U 形管内,装有密度为E 仍总长度为4h的液体,开始时左右两端液面的高度差为h.现翻开阀门C,待液体运动到左右液面高度相等时,液体重力势能改变量为,此时左侧液面下降的速度为 .(重力加速度为g)三、综合题(第18题10分,第19题14分,第20题16分,共40分)注意：第19、20题在列式计算、逻辑推理以及答复以下问题过程中,要求给出必要的图示、文字说 明、公式、演算等.18 . (10分)某同学利用玻意耳定律,设计了测量小石块体积的实验方案,并按如下步骤进行 了实验：I .将连接注射器的压强传感器、数据采集器以及计算机相连,如下图,再将小石块装入注 射器内； n .缓慢推动活塞至某一位置,记录活塞所在位置的容积刻度 压弓虽p 1 ；m.重复步骤n 假设干次,记录每一次活塞所在位置的容积刻度 W.处理记录的数据,求出小石块体积.试答复以下问题：(1)实验过程中,除了保持注射器内封闭气体的质量不变之外,还应该保持封闭气体的 _________ 不变.(2)设小石块的体积 V .,任意两次测得的气体压强及体积为 p 1、V 1和P 2、V 2,那么上述物理量之间的关系式为.(3)为了减小实验误差,实验数据通常采用作直线图线的方法来处理.横、纵坐标对应的物理 量最正确的设置方法是：以 为横轴、以 为纵轴.(4)指出实验中导致小石块体积误差的一个因素 . 19 . (14分)如下图,一光滑斜面固定在水平地面上,质量m=1kg 的物体在平行于斜面向上的恒力F 作用下,从A 点由静止开始运动,到达B 点时立即撤去恒力F,物体到达C 点时速度为零.利V1,从计算机上读取此时气体的V n,并读取对应的气体压强p n ；用速度传感器每隔0.2s 测量一次物体的瞬时速度,测得的局部数据见下表.〔重力加速度g 取10m/s2〕t/s 0.0 0.2 0.42.2 2.4 2.6v/m?S 10.0 1.0 2.03.32.10.9判断t=1.2s 时物体所在的位置区间.如果物体在 AB 区间,那么计算此时拉力 F 的功率;如果物体在BC 区间,那么计算此时物体的速度.20 . 〔16分〕如图,两个相同的带电小球 A 和B,用长度为L 的轻质绝缘细杆相连, A 和试求:(1) 斜面的倾角；(2) 恒力F 的大小;(3) 量均为 m,带电量均为 +q .现将AB 由竖直位置从静止开始释放,释放时 B 离虚线的高度为 H,虚线所在水平面的下方有电场强度大小为E 、方向竖直向上的电场,且E:2mg 〔重力加速度为q(1) 求B 球刚进入电场时的速度(2) 从释放到A 刚好进入电场所经过的时间 T;(3) 生 时间里,AB 的运动情况〔包括速度、加速度的变化情况〕E从A 进入电场之后的22021学年第一学期高三物理质量检测试卷评分参考、〕13. 增大,-4 10-8J 〔漏写了 -"'得1分〕 14. 5s, 12.5s 15. 2, U2962.5 R x16. 0.8 105Pa, 8N 17. 更gh 48三、综合题〔第18题10分,第19题14分,第20题16分,共40分〕18. 〔10 分〕 〔1〕温度 （2） p 1 〔V I - V O 〕 =p 2 〔V 2- V .〕（3）1 /p 、V 〔在图像中的V 轴截距上能够直接读出小石块的体积〕〔4〕注射器连接压强传感器之间的软管有体积等 19. 〔14 分〕设撤去拉力前后的加速度大小分别为a 1、a 2. V 一 ,.一 ______________ ___ 3 3 2 1 - 〔1〕由「a 二 一及表格中最后两列数据得 a 2 6m/s 2t2.4 2.2物体在BC 段的受力分析如图〔此处略〕 ……1分有 mg sinma 2,代入 a 2得37. 〔2〕由a = v 及表格中3、4两列数据 t 对物体在 AB 段进行受力分析如图〔此处略〕……1分F mg sin ma ［得 F 11N ...... 2 分〔3〕设加速运动时间为3,由于加速运动的末速度等于减速运动的初速度,所以有..... 2分2.0 1.0 m/s 2 1 0.4 0.25m/s 2可见,t= 1.2s时,物体在AB区间. …… 2分此时的速度为v=a i t=5 M.2m/s=6m/s所以,P=Fv=66W…2 分20. (16 分)(1) AB做自由落体运动,v=12gH ……4分(2) AB做自由落体运动时间为：12H……2分g进入电场后受到向上的电场力等于重力mg,受力平衡做匀速直线运动运动的时间为：,L……2分...2gH2H L所以,运动的总时间为：I—— + ……1分g .. 2gH(3)在0~ 12H时间内,向下做加速度大小为g的匀减速直线运动,速度从1 2gH变为0 ..... 3分12H~2 /H时间内,向上做加速度大小为g的匀加速运直线动,5t i 2.1 6(2.4 t i ),解得t i 1.5s速度从0变为J2gH ……3分。
2018年上海长宁(嘉定)区高三一模试题(附答案)
2018年长宁区高三一模语文试题考生注意:1.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求，所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在等题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
2.苦题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。
3.考试时间150 分钟。
试卷满分150 分。
一积累应用 10分1.按要求填空。
（5分）（1）闻道有先后，_______________,如是而已(韩愈《师说》)（2）可堪孤馆闭春寒，____________________________。
(秦观《______·郴州旅舍》) （3）《诗经·采微》中“昔我往矣，杨柳依依“以乐景衬哀情。
杜甫《登楼》中也有以乐景衬哀情的一联是“__________________，__________________。
”2.按要求选择。
（5分）（1）小明留学三年完成了学业即将回到家乡，他想写一句话来抒发的思归之情，一下句子适合的一项是（）A.叶落归根。
B.父母在，不远游，游必有方。
C.浩荡清淮天共流，长风万里送归舟。
D.云横秦岭家何在? 雪拥蓝关马不前。
（2）填入下面语段空白处的词句，最恰当的一项是( )。
(3 分)无论是面对大自然的灾难，还是日常生活的挫折，抑或是异性的拒绝，诗人都保有一颗赤子心，__________________，满怀欣喜地去摄取其中的养料，甚至能够在否定的现象中挖掘肯定的因素。
A.因此总是被激发出无尽的想象力B.因此总是能够激发无尽的想象力C.并且总是被激发出无尽的想象力D.并且总是能够激发无尽的想象力二阅读 70分（一）阅读下文，完成第3-7题。
(16分)剧作家与戏剧性①一出戏演完了，当你随着人流涌出剧场的时候，常常听到这样的议论声 :“不错，真有戏!”或者是:“我都要睡着了，没戏!”“有戏”或“没戏”是观众评价一出戏的常用标准。
可是，究竟什么是“戏”呢? 我们通常所说的“戏剧性”究竟涉与一些什么问题? 剧作者该如何对待“戏剧性”呢?②美国戏剧理论家贝克首经对“戏剧性”一词进行了探讨，他说。
上海市长宁、嘉定区2018届高三一模英语试题 含答案
上海市嘉定区2018学年度第一学期质量监控试卷高三英语(满分140分，考试时间120分钟）2018.12.27I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Fascinating. B. Useful. C. Difficult. D. Boring.2. A. In a restaurant. B. In a factory.C. In a department store.D. In an office.3.A. A librarian. B. A psychologist. C. A Publisher. D. A teacher.4. A. He prefers to join the woman later. B. He intends to eat out tonight.C. He wants to watch the basketball game.D. He hates to lose the championship.5. A. It was quite delightful. B. It was not well organized.C. Careful preparations had been done.D. People made a mess on the ground.6. A. He is quite unhappy with the woman. B. He is eager to know the woman's reply.C. The woman should make full use of her time.D. The woman doesn't have to be in a hurry.7. A. Go on smoking B. Cry out his heart.C. Talk with the doctor.D. Carry on with exercise.8. A. Boss and shop assistant. B. House agent and client,C. Interviewer and job hunter.D. Manager and customer.9. A. She had better stay up late tonight. B. She has to get more sleep at night.C. She should avoid distractions in class.D. She must improve her grades gradually.10. A.The man only filled his tank half full. B. The man can't read the instrument.C. The car is breaking down on the wayD. The car has run out of gasoline.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question，read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. purchasing less expensive objects available.B. Buying only essentials and a treat on occasion.C. Learning to cook for yourself at home.D. Living on less money than you earn.12. A. To have a better health B. To keep their promises.C. To avoid being hurt easily.D. To gain a desired friendship.13. A. Life skills needed to be learnt at an early age.B. Great ways of saving money in the early years.C. Practical skills to cook nutritious food at home.D. Methods of gathering wisdom instead of bitterness.Questions 14 through 17 are based on the following passage.14. A. To work on the rented land peacefully. B.To get used to the terribly cold weather.C. To tell his kids stories every night.D. To break the poverty cycle of his family.15. A.He worked in the dairy with his mother. B.He learned to mend his own clothes.C. He had a strong passion for words.D.He got well educated at school.16. A. 25. B. 27. C. 28. D. 37.17. A. He was considerably influenced by his mother.B. Farm work turned out to be quite easy for him.C. He had already become famous before his father passed away.D. people in Scotland regarded him as a successful farmer singer.Questions 18 through 20 are based on the following conversation.18. A. Harbin is her favorite city. B. She doesn't like places in the south.C. Russia is a beautiful country.D. She can't stand the heat in summer.19. A. Driving a car by themselves in the local country.B. Getting a group of ten people traveling together.C. Flying at the weekend with special fare tickets.D. Inviting more friends to share the happiness.20. A. Not knowing any local people. B. Unable to find a fellow traveller.C. unable to speak Russian.D. Not having any interpreter ·II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Is sport always fun ?One afternoon in the last week of term, I saw three children form my son’s school in tears being comforted by teachers. That morning, my 11-year -old had stomach pains and (21) ______(throw ) up several times when I noticed his sickness. Talking to other mothers, I heard about other children with stomachache or difficulty sleeping the night before.What caused so much suffering ? Sports day ---- not sports day at a highly competitive independent school, but at a large village primary. (22) ______ it causes no problem to the children who can fly (23) _____ the wind, for those who are poorly coordinated (动作协调), overweight or just not good at sport, it is terrible. Even for those who enjoy (24) ______(run ) but who fall halfway down the track in front of the entire school and their parents, it can prove a disaster.As for the reason (25) ______ we put our children through this annual suffering, some May say that competition is character-buliding or it is a tradition of school life; some may assume (26) ______ really matters is taking part not winning. I just felt pity for those children in tears or in pain.Team games at the end of the “sport” were fun (27) ______ (watch) because they produced some close races, enormous enthusiasm and lots of shouting. More importantly , (28) ______(hide ) a little form everyone’s gaze, the children who were not so fast or so quick atpassing the ball had the excitement of being on the winning side.I wish that sports day could (29)________(abandon) and replaced with some other summer event. perhaps an afternoon of team games, with a few races for those who want them, would be (30) ________(stressful )for the children and a lot more fun for the spectators.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.This invention, commonly used in offices and households throughout the world, came about as a result of a series of accidents. In 1968 Spencer Silver, who was working for a company called 3M at the time, was trying to produce super-strong adhesive, a substance making things sticky together, to be used in the building of planes. This, however, wasn’t successful and instead he succeeded in creating an extremely weak adhesive that was 31 to pressure. This new adhesive had two advantages: it could be removed from surfaces quite easily and it could be reused. In spite of these two 32 features, nobody could see any practical use for it. In the end, the invention was 33 .A few years later, Art Fry, a product development engineer working for 3M, decided to use this adhesive for 34 use. He stuck strips of paper in a book as page marker and a whole new concept was born. However, the idea still w asn’t without35 . The challenge was to make the glue stay on the sticky note itself, rather than peeling off and staying on the surface it was 36 to. Two more 3M employees were brought in and set the task of producing a coat ing for the adhesive so that it wouldn’t come off and they 37 just that. Unfortunately, 3M bosses still believed that this invention wasn’t going to be 38 successful and people would continue to use crap paper(小纸条) for their notes rather than sticky notes. This is why sticky notes were only tested within the company, where they became extremely popular. It wasn’t until many years later that 3M bosses finally decided to give out a vast amount of free 39 to other companies to see if anyone would be interested in buying them. To their surprise, 90 per cent of the companies approached went on to order more sticky notes. This went beyond anybody’s 40 . Nowadays, sticky notes come in a variety of shapes and colours and are sold in more than 100 countries.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.About five years ago, when the first generation of wearable fitness trackers became popular,they were announced as the dawn of a revolution. Health experts and busniesspeople alike said that giving people access to real-time calorie (卡路里)- burning and step-count data would inspire them to lose weight, eat better and -most important- ____41____ more. But even as the U.S. market for ___42____ devices hits $7 billion this year, there’s evidence that their promise isn’t quite paying off.The U.S. has an exercise problem, with 28% of Americans ages 50 and over considered wholly ___43____. That means 31 million adults move no more than is necessary to perform the most basic functions of daily life. Wearables, experts ___44___, were going to change that.But limited academic research has been done to figure out whether wearables ____45____ people’s behavior in the long term. The little research that does exist isn’t ____46____. For a recent study in the Journal of the American Medical Association, researchers wanted to see whether activity trackers would help overweight people lose more weight over two years than if they just did a weight-loss intervention(干预) alone. They didn’t. “We found that just giving people a device doesn’t mean it’s going to ____47____ something you think it’s going to lead to,” says John Jakicic, the author of the study, from the University of Pittsburgh. “These activity trackers don’t engage people in strategies that make a ___48___ in terms of long-term change”Another new study highlighted a different challenge: user ____49___. By the end of a yearlong study of 800 people, just 10% of participants were still wearing the trackers, according to, Eric Finkelstein, a professor at the Duke- NUS Medical School in Singap ore. “We didn’t find that Fitbits really have much of an effect,” he says. This may well be because people expect trackers to do something they’re not designed to do-- ____50____, force them to change their behavior. “There’s ____51____ among people about their function, a measurement too l and an intervention,” Finkelstein says. A scale counts pounds, ____52____, but won’t teach you how to eat less. “When people put these devices on, they might interact with the app(应用程序) for the first few weeks, maybe the first few months, but there comes a point where that starts to fall off,” says Finkelstein.To be ____53___, some of the costlier add higher-tech wearables have features baked into them that encourage users to move more, says Shelten Yuen, Fitbit’s vice president of research. Among them: shaking sensors, movement reminders and social- media combination, all designed to ____54____ users to make better health choices every day. But more research will be needed to determine whether or not these ____55____ -- or others like them--measurably improve people’s health and fitness levels.41. A. learn B. purchase C. exercise D. perform42. A. wearable B. electronic C. hi-tech D. built-in43. A. misunderstood B. inactive C. discourage D. unchangeable44. A. announced B. determined C. hoped D. noticed45. A. limit B. understand C. interpret D. change46. A. encouraging B. interesting C. pioneering D. challenging47. A. benefit from B. result in C. add to D. look for48. A. design B. movement C. profit D. difference49. A. reduction B. participation C. creation D. expectation50. A. namely B. therefore C. however D. shortly51. A. argument B. popularity C. confusion D. interaction52. A. by the way B. in other words C. of course D. for example53. A. fair B. cute C. accessible D. technical54. A. persuade B. motivate C. follow D. teach55. A. concepts B. sensors C. scales D. featuresSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(A)In Michael Morpurgo’s novel War Horse, the horse is not only the principal character,he is the teller of his own story.Set in England and France 100 years ago War Horse tells the story of Joey, a handsome young horse who strikes up a close relationship with Albert, the teenage son of Joey’s owner.But war breaks out and they are separated and plunged into the horrors of the war in France.Both survive and are finally reunited after a remarkable series of events seen through the eyes of the splendid war horse, Joey.The following cutting comes from near the beginning of the book after Albert, much to his father’s surprise, has succeeded in training Joey to pull the plough.56. What amazed Albert’s father was that Joey could_______.A. help turn the soilB. survive the horrible warC. tell his own storiesD. make friends with people57. As for the coming war,Mother said that________.A. their village would get involved very soon.B. both Albert and Joey could be tough fightersC. the old duke’s death maybe meant nothing to themD. Albert was not grown up enough to join the army58. Which of the following best describes Albert according to Joey’s account in war horse?A. Imaginative but timidB. Innocent but braveC. Quiet but thoughtfulD. Ambitious but cold(B)Clare College CambridgeClare is the second oldest college in Cambridge University, having initially been founded in 1326 and refounded by Elizabath de Clare in 1338. Today, we uphold her educational and social goals and College is a booming community of over 100 Fellows, 450 undergraduate students, 200 graduate students and 100 staff.The College welcomes visitors, but please remember it is a working environment supporting academic scholarship. We hope you will enjoy the beauty of the gardens and buildings, but it is essential that visitors:●conduct themselves quietly around the College;●avoid blocking paths or doorways;●do not enter areas marked “Private” or “Closed”Historic buildings have steep steps and some rough surfaces. So please mind your steps. Please help to maintain the appearance of the College grounds by:●not picnicking or dropping litter;●keeping to the pathways in Old Court;●not smoking while on the College grounds.The Porters cabins provide first aid facilities. Unfortunately, Clare College does not have public toilets.PhotographyVisitors may use hand held cameras. Photography for commercial purposes requires prior permission in writing from the Head Porter.Preservation and DonationsClare College receives no state funding for the preservation of these historic buildings and gardens, but relies instead on donations. If you would like to support the work of the College, its buildings or gardens. Please contact the Development Office (http: www. ). We welcome inquires.59.From the writing we can learn that Clare College_________.A. only opens part of her buildings and gardens to the publicB. mainly gets the money from donators and the governmentC. enjoys a growing reputation as the second largest in Cambridge UniversityD. welcomes cameramen to take photos on campus for different purposes60. Suppose you are a tour guide with a group at Clare College, which of the following might trulyput you to trouble?A.A couple insist enjoying their lunch on the lawn.B.A child needs to go to the bathroom all of a sudden.C.An elderly woman falls off the steps and hurts herself.D.Some tourists keep exchanging ideas in a loud voice.61.We can most probably get this piece of writing from_________.A. the academic website of Cambridge UniversityB. the Development Office of Clare CollegeC. the Head Porter of Cambridge UniversityD. the main entrance of Clare College(C)Not setting homework can be impossible in certain situations. There are many arguments in favour of homework, and most teachers would agree with many, if not all, of the following:homework is a perfect opportunity to go over calmly what was done with the teacher, and rethink and develop that initial input; homework offers a moment for students to work as individuals and develop learner self-governance outside the classroom;students and parents expect homework to be set and to be corrected. Nevertheless, the drawbacks that homework may have are often overlooked.There are two key issues which need to be raised when dealing with the concept of homework. Firstly, there is the question of home. Often homework os not done at home at all, but at a friend’s house, on the street, on the bus on the way to class or sitting on the step outside school before it ope ns. What’s more, all too often, for it to be done effectively at home, homework requires the participation and involvement of other adults. Parents play a crucial role in a child’s education, but they cann’t always be available, for a number of very valid reasons, and a tutor’s ability to aid, guide, encourage and simply organize a son or daughter’s study may be limited in many ways. The implication are unsetting: if homework is crucial to success in class, some children have an automatic disability.Considering the second part of the compound noun opens up further questions. If the idea of home can be problematic, so too can the concept of work.Again, this will depend enormously on the context but , very often there is a lot of work put in. Demands on their time and attention span(持续时间)and all sorts of other impositions mean homework is usually something to get out of the way, to be ticked off as done, with the exercises completed as fast as possible. It is not always seen as useful times spent developing and strengthening what is done in class but, rather, as something quickly finished to keep the teacher at bay. It might be correct or not, copied from a friend or cut and pasted from the internet, but the important thing is that a teacher sees the exercise completed and, as a result, the task achieved: how much effort went into that result is not always appreciated or easy to evaluate and, evenWhen work clearly falls below standard, and the mere fact of its having been done is often good enough. Teacher and students are happy because everyone has officially fulfilled their commitment.The ideal that students go home, think back to what they did with their teacher, use the great resources their books and the internet provide to revise, reflect and put everything theyhave seen in class in place, into action, into practice, does not often happen with some students.62. Which of the following is not among the advantages of homework according to paragraph 1?A. Solidifying the knowledge and skills learnt in class.B. Developing the ability of the independent learning.C. Building a closer teacher-student relationship.D. Meeting the requirements of students and parents.63. Speaking of the significant impact of homework upon children’s success in class, some are justinferior to others because_______.A. their tutors are not always available to support themB. they are born without the ability to deal with conceptsC. their family circumstances limit their learning abilityD. some unknown reasons greatly hold up their progress64.“Keep the teacher at bay”(paragragh3) means the way homework is done____.A. imposes enormous meaningless evaluating work on teachersB. blocks teachers from knowing more about their studentsC. displays the great efforts students make to satisfy their teachersD. shows achievements teachers expect to accomplish in their work65. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Homework is hardly functioning as is naturally expected.B. Parents need to stand away from their children’s homewo rk.C. Students prefer doing homework elsewhere instead of at home.D. The quality of homework is usually teachers’first concern.66.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage？A. Are you ready for homework yet?B. Is there a way out for homework?C. Home and Work: it’s hard to combine.D. Homework or No homework: it is your choice.Section CDirections: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than youZoos have existed since ancient times and were features of the great courts of Egypt and China. The display of unusual animals form foreign countries was, for a long time, a show of wealth and power. Today, zoos focus on the preservation of animals species and the education of the public. __67___Some animals are distinctly unsuited for life in a zoo, however noble the aims of the organization. Keeping elephant in captivity (囚禁) has long caused argument among animals rights activists. Elephant in the wild wander constantly, covering a wide territory on a daily basis. In captivity, they have no choice but to stand still for long periods of time. ___68____. Yet elephants are a threatened species in their native environments and are heavily caught for ivory(象牙)，leather and meat illegally. To protect the species form the wild due to injury or abandonment.___69___. The chances are, if a zoo has nothing but cement floors and metal enclosures, the animals will not do as well. Many famous zoos now construct enclosures allowing animals freedom of movement and native vegetation. Some zoos have even begun housing species of animals together that normally interact in the wild, such as certain types of monkeys.Zoos are not a perfect solution for preservation.____70___. They are undeniably helpful in repopulating declining animal species and encouraging a preservationist outlook, but they are unquestionably primary in their treatment of some animals. Hopefully, animal activists and zoo advocates will continue to work together, finding ways to create the best environment for captive animals in breeding and repopulation efforts.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.The advantages of social networkingWhy do most people sign up to social networking sites? The main reason is to stay in touch with other people. These sites also help people to find their childhood friends that they have lost touch with. Renewing these long-lost friendships is just a click away. It is very exciting to be able to catch up with friends and keep up with their news on am almost daily basis thanks to frequent updates.Keep up-to-date,however,doesn’t have to be restricted to friends and acquaintances(相识的人）.What many people tend to forget is that they can also use networking sites for professional reasons. It is actually a great way of finding out about upcoming job opportunities. Friends might know about job vacancies that may not be advertised elsewhere or they can even recommend their friends for certain jobs. Even people already employed can promote their business online. This is particularly important for artists, actors and musicians who can create pages devoted to their band or theatre company, and inform fans about their gigs(现场演唱会）or latest exhibitions. In addition, the sites can be used to allow the public to give instant feedback on the artists’ work and to interact with their favourite artist.Another great advantage of social networking sites is how easy it is to organise an event with your friends. Thanks to different settings people can organise their friends by different criteria(标准）. These criteria could be how close friends they are, common interests and hobbies or where they live. This means if a certain event takes place, for example, an open-air concert or a football match, all they have to do is invite the right group of friends to attend. Some networking sites offer a range of quizzes and games, so friends living on opposite sides of the globe can invite each other to participate and compete in a variety of games without leaving their homes.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 保持身体健康是硬道理。
2018届嘉定、长宁区高三一模语文试题
嘉定区2017 -2018学年度高三年级第一次质量调研语文试卷一积累应用(10分)1.按要求填空。
(5分)（1）闻道有先后，_______________,如是而已(韩愈《师说》)术业有专攻（2）可堪孤馆闭春寒，__________。
(秦观《______●郴州旅舍》)鹃声里斜阳暮踏莎行（3）《诗经●采微》中“昔我往矣，杨柳依依“以乐景衬哀情。
杜甫《登楼》中也有以乐景衬哀情的一联是“_________________，__________________。
”花近高楼伤客心，万方多难2.按要求选择。
(5 分)(1)老张旅居海外三十年，他想写句话来打发自己的思归之情，以下句子最合适的一项是( C) (2分)A.浩荡清淮天共流，长风万里送归舟。
B.父母在，不远游，游必有方。
C.树高千丈，叶落归根。
D.云横秦岭家何在? 雪拥蓝关马不前。
(2) 填入下面语段空白处的词句，最恰当的一项是( B )。
(3 分)无论是面对大自然的灾难，还是日常生活的挫折，抑或是异性的拒绝，诗人都保有一颗赤子心，__________________，满怀欣喜地去摄取其中的养料，甚至能够在否定的现象中挖掘肯定的因素。
A.因此总是被激发出无尽的想象力B.因此总是能够激发无尽的想象力C.并且总是被激发出无尽的想象力D.并且总是能够激发无尽的想象力二阅读(70分)(一) 阅读下文，完成第3-7题。
(16分)剧作家与戏剧性①一出戏演完了，当你随着人流涌出剧场的时候，常常听到这样的议论声 :‚不错，真有戏!‛或者是:‚我都要睡着了，没戏!‛‚有戏‛或‚没戏‛是观众评价一出戏的常用标准。
可是，究竟什么是‚戏‛呢? 我们通常所说的‚戏剧性‛究竟涉及一些什么问题? 剧作者该如何对待‚戏剧性‛呢?②美国戏剧理论家贝克首经对‚戏剧性‛一词进行了探讨，他说。
‚在日常用语中，‘戏剧性’这个词的意思有三个:(1)戏剧的材料;(2)能产生感情反应的；(3)在剧场条件下完全可以上演的……只有第一、二两个定义才合乎‘戏剧性’，而第三个则应该是‚剧场性’。
2018届上海市长宁区、嘉定区高三第一次模拟考试卷 历史后附详解
2018届上海市嘉定区高三上学期一摸试题历史一、选择题（共40分）以下每小题2分，共40分，每题只有一个正确选项。
1. 一般认为我国历史从“大同之世”进入“小康之世”是在A．尧舜禹时期B．夏朝建立后C．平王东迁后D．秦统一之后2. 图片中的历史事件发生在A．西周末期B．东汉时期C．北魏时期D．隋唐时期3. 关于夏朝至明清时期中国古代政治的表述中最贴切的一项是A．君主政治B．民主政治C．君主专制D．君主立宪4. “省”作为我国地方一级行政机构，始于A．魏晋B．隋唐C．元朝D．清朝5. “工部局”、“公董局”、“巡捕房”这些机构最早出现在近代中国的A．广州B．香港C．上海D．天津6. “中体西用”论渐趋沉寂大致在A．鸦片战争结束后B．太平天国运动失败后C．甲午战争结束后D．五四运动爆发后7. 康有为读到《天演论》译稿后称译者“为中国西学第一者也”，此处“第一者”是指A．达尔文B．林则徐C．严复D．李大钊8. 下列关于武昌起义爆发时间的表述中，不正确的一项是A．宣统三年B．辛亥年C．1911年D．民国元年9. 19世纪末20世纪之交，席卷欧美的“新史学”运动在中国的代表人物是A．司马光B．章学诚C．刘知幾D．梁启超10 中国改革开放近四十年的起点是A．中共八大B．文革结束C．十一届三中全会D．中共十三大11.日本明治维新的改革措施中，对社会进步和可持续发展最有利的是A．废藩置县，加强中央集权B．允许土地买卖，承认土地私有C．实行征兵制，宣扬武士道D．实行文明开化，发展近代教育12.主张通过契约产生统治者，否定“君权神授”，支持君主拥有绝对的统治权。
提出这一主张的思想家是A．霍布斯B．洛克C．伏尔泰D．孟德斯鸠13.法国史学家托克维尔在论述法国大革命时指出：“大革命……是由一些抽象的原则和普遍的理论所引导。
”这里“抽象的原则和普遍的理论”主要是指A．君权神授B．人文主义C．启蒙思想D．马克思主义14.托马斯·潘恩在1776年的《常识》中提出：“英国属于欧洲，北美属于它本身。
上海市长宁区、嘉定区2018届高三语文上学期质量调研(一模)试题
上海市长宁区、嘉定区2018届高三语文上学期质量调研（一模）试题考生注意:1.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求，所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在等题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
2，苦题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。
3.考试时间150 分钟。
试卷满分150 分。
一积累应用(10分)1.按要求填空。
(5分)（1）闻道有先后，_______________,如是而已(韩愈《师说》)（2）可堪孤馆闭春寒，____________________________。
(秦观《______●郴州旅舍》) （3）《诗经●采微》中“昔我往矣，杨柳依依“以乐景衬哀情。
杜甫《登楼》中也有以乐景衬哀情的一联是“_________________，__________________。
”2.按要求选择。
(5 分)(1)老张旅居海外三十年，他想写句话来打发自己的思归之情，以下句子最合适的一项是( ) (2分)A.浩荡清淮天共流，长风万里送归舟。
B.父母在，不远游，游必有方。
C.树高千丈，叶落归根。
D.云横秦岭家何在? 雪拥蓝关马不前。
(2) 填入下面语段空白处的词句，最恰当的一项是( )。
(3 分)无论是面对大自然的灾难，还是日常生活的挫折，抑或是异性的拒绝，诗人都保有一颗赤子心，__________________，满怀欣喜地去摄取其中的养料，甚至能够在否定的现象中挖掘肯定的因素。
A.因此总是被激发出无尽的想象力B.因此总是能够激发无尽的想象力C.并且总是被激发出无尽的想象力D.并且总是能够激发无尽的想象力二阅读(70分)(一) 阅读下文，完成第3-7题。
(16分)剧作家与戏剧性①一出戏演完了，当你随着人流涌出剧场的时候，常常听到这样的议论声 :“不错，真有戏!”或者是:“我都要睡着了，没戏!”“有戏”或“没戏”是观众评价一出戏的常用标准。
可是，究竟什么是“戏”呢? 我们通常所说的“戏剧性”究竟涉及一些什么问题? 剧作者该如何对待“戏剧性”呢?②美国戏剧理论家贝克首经对“戏剧性”一词进行了探讨，他说。
2018年上海市长宁区、嘉定区高考一模数学
9 9 3 2 ，B1C=D1C= 9 16 =5，
B1C D1C B1 D1 2 B1C D1C
2 2 2
∴ cos D1C B1 ∴∠D1CB1=arccos
25 25 18 16 ， 255 25
16 . 25 16 . 25
∴异面直线 A1B 与 B1C 所成角为 arccos
4
)，知 cos
2
mn 1 ∈( ，1)， 4 2
m ＜1 ， 2
∴m=1，n=3， 3 ∴ a b＝ ， 2 答案：B
1 2 x， 0 x 2 16.已知函数 f x ＝ ，且 f1(x)=f(x)，fn(x)=f(fn﹣1(x))，n=1，2，3，…. 1 2 2 x， ＜x 1 2
3 4 ，1]时，f1(x)=2﹣2x，f2(x)=4﹣4x=x，解得 x= . 4 5 2 ∴f 的 2 阶根的个数是 2 . 依此类推 n ∴f 的 n 阶根的个数是 2 . 答案：C
当 x∈( 三.解答题(本大题共 5 题，共 14+14+14+16+18=76 分) 17.如图，设长方体 ABCD﹣A1B1C1D1 中，AB=BC=3，AA1=4. (1)求四棱锥 A1﹣ABCD 的体积； (2)求异面直线 A1B 与 B1C 所成角的大小.(结果用反三角函数值表示)
2
2 3 3 4
n1 ， n 1源自当 n 为偶数时， Tn -1+
1 ， n 1
n
当 n 为奇数时， Tn -1+ 1 1 综上所述 T n -1+ 答案： -1+
n
1 1 ， 1 n 1 n 1
上海市长宁区、嘉定区2018届高三语文上学期质量调研(一模)试题
上海市长宁区、嘉定区2018届高三语文上学期质量调研（一模）试题考生注意:1。
本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分,试卷包括试题与答题要求，所有答题必须涂(选择题）或写（非选择题)在等题纸上,做在试卷上一律不得分.2，苦题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位.3。
考试时间150 分钟。
试卷满分150 分。
一积累应用(10分）1。
按要求填空。
(5分）（1)闻道有先后，_______________,如是而已(韩愈《师说》)（2）可堪孤馆闭春寒，____________________________。
(秦观《______●郴州旅舍》)（3）《诗经●采微》中“昔我往矣,杨柳依依“以乐景衬哀情。
杜甫《登楼》中也有以乐景衬哀情的一联是“_________________，__________________。
"2.按要求选择.（5 分)（1）老张旅居海外三十年,他想写句话来打发自己的思归之情，以下句子最合适的一项是（） (2分）A。
浩荡清淮天共流，长风万里送归舟。
B。
父母在,不远游，游必有方。
C。
树高千丈，叶落归根。
D。
云横秦岭家何在？雪拥蓝关马不前。
(2) 填入下面语段空白处的词句,最恰当的一项是( ）.(3 分)无论是面对大自然的灾难，还是日常生活的挫折，抑或是异性的拒绝，诗人都保有一颗赤子心，__________________，满怀欣喜地去摄取其中的养料，甚至能够在否定的现象中挖掘肯定的因素。
A.因此总是被激发出无尽的想象力B。
因此总是能够激发无尽的想象力C.并且总是被激发出无尽的想象力D.并且总是能够激发无尽的想象力二阅读(70分)（一）阅读下文，完成第3-7题.（16分)剧作家与戏剧性①一出戏演完了，当你随着人流涌出剧场的时候，常常听到这样的议论声 :“不错,真有戏!"或者是:“我都要睡着了，没戏！”“有戏"或“没戏”是观众评价一出戏的常用标准.可是，究竟什么是“戏”呢？我们通常所说的“戏剧性"究竟涉及一些什么问题? 剧作者该如何对待“戏剧性”呢？②美国戏剧理论家贝克首经对“戏剧性”一词进行了探讨，他说.“在日常用语中，‘戏剧性’这个词的意思有三个：（1)戏剧的材料；（2）能产生感情反应的;（3）在剧场条件下完全可以上演的……只有第一、二两个定义才合乎‘戏剧性',而第三个则应该是“剧场性'。
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2018年长宁区高三一模语文试题考生注意:1.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求，所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在等题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
2.苦题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。
3.考试时间150 分钟。
试卷满分150 分。
一积累应用 10分1.按要求填空。
（5分）（1）闻道有先后，_______________,如是而已(韩愈《师说》)（2）可堪孤馆闭春寒，____________________________。
(秦观《______·郴州旅舍》) （3）《诗经·采微》中“昔我往矣，杨柳依依“以乐景衬哀情。
杜甫《登楼》中也有以乐景衬哀情的一联是“__________________，__________________。
”2.按要求选择。
（5分）（1）小明留学三年完成了学业即将回到家乡，他想写一句话来抒发的思归之情，一下句子适合的一项是（）A.叶落归根。
B.父母在，不远游，游必有方。
C.浩荡清淮天共流，长风万里送归舟。
D.云横秦岭家何在? 雪拥蓝关马不前。
（2）填入下面语段空白处的词句，最恰当的一项是( )。
(3 分)无论是面对大自然的灾难，还是日常生活的挫折，抑或是异性的拒绝，诗人都保有一颗赤子心，__________________，满怀欣喜地去摄取其中的养料，甚至能够在否定的现象中挖掘肯定的因素。
A.因此总是被激发出无尽的想象力B.因此总是能够激发无尽的想象力C.并且总是被激发出无尽的想象力D.并且总是能够激发无尽的想象力二阅读 70分1（一）阅读下文，完成第3-7题。
(16分)剧作家与戏剧性①一出戏演完了，当你随着人流涌出剧场的时候，常常听到这样的议论声 :‚不错，真有戏!‛或者是:‚我都要睡着了，没戏!‛‚有戏‛或‚没戏‛是观众评价一出戏的常用标准。
可是，究竟什么是‚戏‛呢? 我们通常所说的‚戏剧性‛究竟涉及一些什么问题? 剧作者该如何对待‚戏剧性‛呢?②美国戏剧理论家贝克首经对‚戏剧性‛一词进行了探讨，他说。
‚在日常用语中，‘戏剧性’这个词的意思有三个:(1)戏剧的材料;(2)能产生感情反应的；(3)在剧场条件下完全可以上演的……只有第一、二两个定义才合乎‘戏剧性’，第三个则应该是‚剧场性’。
同时，第一个定义太抽象，可以不用。
那么‘戏剧性的'就只专用于‘能产生感情反应’，那么各种混淆也就一扫而清了。
‛可是，如果我们认真探讨这个结论，就会由此生发出一系列新的问题：剧作家究竞靠什么‚产生感情反应‛? 为了得到观众的‚感情反应，剧作家应该注意那些问题呢？剧作家同小说家，抒情诗人都要使读者、众‚产生感情反应‛，他们的工作又有什么区别呢?③英国的威廉〃阿契尔在《剧作法》一书中指出:‚关于戏剧性的唯一真正确切的定义是: 任何能够使聚集在剧场中的普通观众感到兴趣的虚构人物的表演。
‛他认为:‚任何进一步限制‘戏剧性’一词含义的企图，都只不过是表现了这样一种看法——某些表演形式将不会使观众感到兴趣，而这种看法常常会被实践所否定。
‛如果我们正视创作实践存在的复杂情况，就不能不承认阿契尔这种看法的合理性。
假如有人认为一个剧本的某种处理方式是具有戏剧性的，就匆忙做出结论: 不这样处理就不会产生戏剧性。
这种论断，十有八九要被新的创作实践所推翻。
④由此可见，对‚戏剧性‛一词下的定义大都过于笼统:再进一步限制这个词的含义，又难免失于武断。
我们的剧作家们在这里遇到了困难。
尽管如此，人们却在广泛地使用这个概念。
在生活中发生了一件事，它充满了巧合，出人意料，就会有人说:‚这真是戏剧性的！‛人们在街头观看一场争吵，有人逐渐失去了兴味，又会说:‚走吧，没戏了!" 甚至人们在读小说、看电影时，如果感到枯燥无味，也会失望地说:‚没戏!‛至于在文学评论、电影评论中使用‚戏剧性‛这一概念，把它作为评价作品的标准，更是不乏其例。
⑤有人说，剧作家并不是先要从理论上搞清什么是‚戏剧性‛才去写戏。
这也许是对的。
鲁迅在《我怎样做起小说来》一文中说过: 他在写小说之前，曾经看了不少短篇小说，却没有读过一部‘小说作法‛之类的东西。
他是反对这类东西的。
在戏剧领域中，成文或不成文的法规自古有之，但这类法规，对剧作家的创作实践未必有多少用处。
法国著名的剧作家博马舍在为‚严肃戏剧‛(即‚正剧‛)辩护时，曾经激动地质问那些‚规则‛的制造者们:‚规则在哪个部门的艺术里曾经产生过杰作?‛戏剧历史表明，真正有成就的剧作家都是敢于突破成规、勇于创新的。
⑥但是，这也绝不是说剧作家就不需要认真研究戏剧创作的特性，不需要去掌握有关戏剧创作特殊规律的基本原则。
袁枚曾经说过:‚变尧舜者汤武也;然学尧舜者莫善于汤武‛、‚变唐诗者宋元也，然学唐诗者莫善于宋元‛。
学和变是辩证的统一。
不学，就谈不到变;不变，就难免流于食古不化。
⑦艺术的特性包含的内容往往是具体的。
小说家、电影家、戏剧家以及诗人、画家等等，都要竭力使读者、观众对自己的作品‚发生兴趣‛、‚产生感情反应‛。
他们要获得这样的效果，就需要深刻地理解不同艺术样式的特殊表现手段。
所谓‚小说味‛、‚电影味‛、‚诗2味‛、‚戏剧性‛，就是由不同艺术特有的表现手段形成的。
因此，要搞清‚戏剧性‛一词的具体含义，首先就要弄清:戏剧艺术的特殊表现手段是什么?3.第六段划线句的词语“食古不化”在文文中指的是。
（2分）4.对第④段画线句的作用分析不正确的项是( )(2分)A.概括了上文对“戏剧性”概念诠释的倾向性。
B.反映了剧作家认识“戏剧性”所遭遇的困难。
C.表明现有对“戏剧性”的诠释都不足以参考。
D.能引发读者对“戏剧性”概念的进一步思考。
5.第⑥段提出“这也绝不是说剧作家就不需要认真研究戏剧创作的特性”的观点，并引用袁枚的话加以证明。
请具体分析这里的引用是如何证明观点的。
(4分)6.第⑥段画线的词语“食古不化”在文中指的是______________ (2分)7.下列对“戏剧性”这一概念的理解与文意相符的一项是( )（3分）A.能产生感情反应的艺术形式都是戏剧性的。
B.戏剧性的处理方式总是唯一而不能替换的。
C.懂得戏剧性是剧作家创作实践的理论前提。
D.戏剧性由戏剧艺术特有的表现手段所形成。
8.概括本文的论证思路。
(5分)（二）阅读下文，完成第8--11题。
（15分）你就这样把草原交给了我艾平①‚我马背上长大的孙子啊，你这草原上人人夸赞的牧马人啊，是否还记得小时候的那些事？‛②我看见月光跳进了老祖母的眼睛，把往事照亮。
③我一直记得那个早上，我闻到了你锅里喷香的奶茶味，睁了睁眼睛，又闭上。
你说，我的小马驹呀，你赶紧给我打个滚儿爬起来。
你把我拎出蒙古包，一直带到牛圈里。
你两腿夹着奶桶挤牛奶，让我去把半个月大的小牛犊抱过来撞撞奶，你说只要它在母牛的乳房上吸吮几口，母牛的乳汁就会像山泉一样喷出来。
④那小牛犊在草原上抻开四条腿跑，就像一条肥壮的大黄狗。
我追上它，却拦不住它，3我拦住了它，却抱不住它，我抱住了它，却抱不走它……你脸上的慈祥变成了冰，起身抱起小牛犊，就像抱起一只小狗崽那么轻松。
你把小牛犊撒在草原上，让我每天去抓抱，直到我把小牛犊抱到母牛的身底下，你紧锁的眉头才舒展开。
我就这样在草原上跟着你度过了一春又一秋，一头头小牛犊长成了大奶牛，我也练成了臂力强壮的小牧童。
⑤小草在冰壳子下面冒出了嫩绿色的芽，你把羊群交给了我，一遍遍嘱咐我：‚遇到事情不要慌。
那几头大肚子的母羊要生，你就远远地看着它。
如果遇上有难产的母羊，你就慢慢地帮着它。
‛⑥阳光温暖。
几头待产的母羊一个冬天都没有闻到新鲜的牧草味了，吃得好入迷。
我想把羊群拢起来往回走，发现一只小个子母羊有了生产的迹象。
我帮它转过身体背着风，它把自己累得气喘吁吁，它只生出一寸小羊羔的蹄子甲。
天色渐渐暗下去，羊群仍然散漫地撒在草原上，老鹰出现了，它闻到了母羊生产的血腥味，在羊群边上盘旋着。
我的耐心变成了急躁。
当我使着劲把小羊羔从小个子母羊的身体里拽出来的时候，我听到了它异样的叫声。
它的子宫被我给拽脱落了。
⑦老祖母，当我急吼吼地求助你的时候，你不慌不忙，轻轻地托起地上沾着泥和草屑的母羊的子宫，用温水冲洗干净，一点点送回母羊的腹腔。
你把母羊放在蒙古包里照看了一夜。
第二天，那小个子母羊就像一切都没有发生那样开始吃草了。
⑧老祖母，你两天没有给我一个笑脸，第三天的时候，你一边给我系紧长长的袍子腰带，一边耐心地告诉我，好牧人是会跟草原说话的人，牲畜冷了，你也知道冷；牲畜饿了，你也知道饿；牲畜疼了，你也知道疼……你说牛儿羊儿和我一样，都是草原的孩子。
⑨记得那个冬天的雪花好大，像白蝴蝶似的慢慢地落在草丛里，遍野的牧草像金针，插在银色的雪地上。
早上一推开包门，我就看到了那只灰色的大母狼。
它离我们的蒙古包不到五十米，面向我们趴着，支着脑袋，看到人，好像并不害怕，一动不动。
⑩我急忙翻身上马，操起套马杆。
我的心里有谱，知道一出手就可以套住狼脖子。
就在这时，我的肩膀被你甩出的放羊鞭击中了，一阵火辣辣的痛。
亲爱的老祖母，你不让我去擒拿这只闯入我们家园的狼。
⑪它掏你的马群了吗？它叼你的羔子了吗？它向你发出凶狠的吼叫了吗？它阻挡你赛马的道路了吗？⑫老祖母，你的眼睛是明亮的镜子，夜里能看见云里的星星，白天能抓住马鬃上的风。
你告诉我这条狼不是来祸害人的，它肯定是遇到难处了。
它吃力的呼吸和凌乱的皮毛，暴露了它的虚弱。
⑬草原的夜晚，每一棵草摆动的声音都显得非常清晰。
我的心跟着那头狼的呼吸在跳。
它为什么不离开？趴在我们门前要干什么？你在等，我在观察。
⑭‚嗥……嗥……‛，那条狼终于发出了非常微弱的叫声。
突然，我听见狼微弱的叫声被放大了不知多少倍：‚嗥……嗥……嗥……‛，那声音凄厉又高亢，打破了寂静的夜空，幽幽地升起，又渐渐向远方传去。
我定神一看，啊？竟是你，我的老祖母，你在帮着那狼大声地叫着！⑮三对绿色的狼眼睛，像小灯笼那样，越来越近。
这是母狼的伙伴听到了它的呼救声，赶来了。
那母狼把头低向身旁的草丛，叼起一只小狼崽。
接着，每一条狼都叼起一只小狼崽，飞快地离开了。
原来，那母狼一直一动不动地卧着，冒死从早晨坚持到夜晚，是为了守护身底下刚刚出生的孩子。
幸运的是，它遇到了你，我的老祖母，草原万物的母亲，你知道如何帮助它。
4⑯我亲爱的老祖母，你就这样把草原交给了我。
（选自《文汇.笔会》有删选）8.第④段画线句语句递接紧凑，请对此加以分析。
(3分）9.第⑫段将老祖母的眼睛比喻成“镜子”形象生动，而从段落整体来看，“镜子”这喻体的选择另有妙处，请加以赏析。
(5分)10.本文运用第二人称来指称“老祖母”，请赏析其表达效果。
(3分)11.文章结尾说“我亲爱的老祖母，你就这样把草原交给了我。
”，请评析“这样”一词所包含的道理。