爱默生诗日子分析中英共18页
专八复习爱默生《论友谊》中英对照（阅读、写作、翻译经典）5则范文
专八复习爱默生《论友谊》中英对照（阅读、写作、翻译经典）5则范文第一篇：专八复习爱默生《论友谊》中英对照(阅读、写作、翻译经典)大家网英语专八论坛I do not wish to treat friendships daintily, but with roughest courage.When they are real, they are not glass threads or frostwork, but the solidest thing we know.For now, after so many ages of experience, what do we know of nature, or of ourselves? Not one step has man taken toward the solution of the problem of his destiny.In one condemnation of folly stand the whole universe of men.But the sweet sincerity of joy and peace, which I draw from this alliance with my brother’s soul, is the nut itself, whereof all nature and all thought is but the husk and shell.Happy is the house that shelters a friend!It might well be built, like a festal bower or arch, to entertain him a single day.Happier, if he know the solemnity of that relation, and honor its law!He who offers himself a candidate for that covenant comes up, like an Olympian, to the great games, where the first-born of the world are the competitors.He proposes himself for contests where Time, Want, Danger, are in the lists, and he alone is victor who has truth enough in his constitution to preserve the delicacy of his beauty from the wear and tear of all these.The gifts of fortune may be present or absent, but all the speed in that contest depends on intrinsic nobleness, and the contempt of trifles.There are two elements that go to the composition of friendship, each so sovereign that I can detect no superiority in either, no reason why either should be first named.One is Truth.A friend is a person with whom I may be sincere.Before him I may think aloud.I am arrivedat last in the presence of a man so real and equal, that I may drop even those undermost garments of dissimulation, courtesy, and second thought, which men never put off, and may deal with him /index_61.htmlwith the simplicity and wholeness with which one chemical atom meets another.Sincerity is the luxury allowed, like diadems and authority, only to the highest rank, that being permitted to speak truth, as having none above it to court or conform unto.Every man alone is sincere.At the entrance of a second person, hypocrisy begins.We parry and fend the approach of our fellow-man by compliments, by gossip, by amusements, by affairs.We cover up our thought from him under a hundred folds.I knew a man, who, under a certain religious frenzy, cast off this drapery, and, omitting all compliment and commonplace, spoke to the conscience of every person he encountered, and that with great insight and beauty.At first he was resisted, and all men agreed he was mad.But persisting, as indeed he could not help doing, for some time in this course, he attained to the advantage of bringing every man of his acquaintance into true relations with him.No man would think of speaking falsely with him, or of putting him off with any chat of markets or reading-rooms.But every man was constrained by so much sincerity to the like plaindealing, and what love of nature, what poetry, what symbol of truth he had, he did certainly show him.But to most of us society shows not its face and eye, but its side and its back.To stand in true relations with men in a false age is worth a fit of insanity, is it not? We can seldom go erect.Almost every man we meet requires some civility,--requires to be humored;he has some fame, some talent, some whim of religion or philanthropy in his head that is not to be questioned, and which spoils allconversation with him.But a friend is a sane man who exercises not my ingenuity, but me.Myfriend gives me entertainment without requiring any stipulation on my part.A friend, therefore, is a sort of paradox in nature.I who alone am, I who see nothing in nature whose existence I can affirm with equal evidence to my own, behold now the semblance of my being, in all its height, variety, and curiosity, reiterated in a foreign form;so that a friend may well be reckoned the masterpiece of nature.译文：我不想用轻巧的方式对待友情，我愿以最狂热的勇气去对待它。
Walden, or Life in the Woods
30. 这里指希腊神话故事中，冥土判官埃阿科斯 (Aeacus)说服宙斯将蚂蚁变成人，以补充一个王国 因瘟疫而死掉的人口。 31.在荷马史诗《伊里亚特》第3卷，特洛伊人被比 做仙鹤，与侏儒作战。另一说是，根据希腊寓言，侏 儒每年春季受到仙鹤攻击，被他们吞食掉。 32.dead reckoning:不依靠观察天象，仅按照航路 方向和航速来估计船的方位。 33.German Confederacy：意指伸斯麦 (Bismarck)于1871年建立统一的德意志帝国之前， 许多小王国于1815年维也纳大会上组成的松散无力 的德国联邦。
40. 19世纪争权夺利的西班牙贵族。 41. head in the newspaper:新闻题目。 42. the revolution of 1649: 指1649年克伦威尔 (Oliver Cromwell，1599-1658)领导的处决查理一 世、建立共和政体的17世纪英国资产阶级革命。 43 梭罗的意思是秀才不出门，便知天下事;另外，世界 上也没有什么值得关心的新鲜事儿，人生最重要的事就 是修身养性。
45. 梭罗认为，人们忙于钻营，积财致富，但思想没有什 么进步。 46. This; 指上文中的reality。超验主义的"现实"是精神 和灵魂的最高体现。超验主义者认为，一般人称为"现 实"的只是表面的、暂时的现象而已。本段是对梭罗的" 现实"观点的精辟说明。 47 梭罗津津乐道的题目之一是"儿时的天真"。他认为儿童 对生活真谛的领悟力比成年人强。他在本章末尾说，" 我一向感到遗憾的是，我不象降生时那样聪慧了。" 在 《与禽兽为邻》一章中，他又谈起"婴儿的纯真"他本人 终生保持着一颗赤子之心，因此他的一个传记家称他为 "永恒的稚子"。"小儿的天真"是19世纪欧美浪握主义思 想的一个中心内容。
中英诗歌精彩翻译赏析
We meet on the sea of dark night,
你我相逢在黑夜的海上，
You on your way, I on mine,
你有你的，我有我的方向；
Remember if you will,
你记得也好，
Or, better still, forget
最好你忘掉，
The light exchanged in this encounter.
In the day of grief, be mild,
不顺心时暂且克制自己，
Merry days will come, believe. 相信吧，快乐之日就会到来。
Heart is living in tomorrow; 我们的心儿憧憬着未来，
Present is dejected here;
现今总是令人悲哀：
第三页，编辑于星期三：五点 五分。
Western wind when wilt thou blow, 西风何日刮？
The small rain down can rain?
细雨何时下？
Christ, if my love were in my arms 但愿吾爱在
，
And I in my bed again!
抱负死
Then you are old.
那才称为老。
But if from life you take the best,
若人生精华尽享，
And if in life you keep the jest,
生之趣长存，
If love you hold;
心中有爱意
No matter how the years go by,
我是无名之辈，你是谁？
论美Beauty——爱默生（RalphWaldoEmerson）...
论美Beauty——爱默生（RalphWaldoEmerson）...A nobler want of man is served by nature, namely, the love ofBeauty.大自然除了提供人类意识所需之外，还满足了一种更高尚的追求——那就是满足了人们的爱美之心。
The ancient Greeks called the world {kosmos}, beauty. Such is theconstitution of all things, or such the plastic power of the humaneye, that the primary forms, as the sky, the mountain, the tree,the animal, give us a delight in and for themselves; a pleasurearising from outline, color, motion, and grouping. This seemspartly owing to the eye itself. The eye is the best of artists. Bythe mutual action of its structure and of the laws of light,perspective is produced, which integrates every mass of objects, ofwhat character soever, into a well colored and shaded globe, sothat where the particular objects are mean and unaffecting, thelandscape which they compose, is round and symmetrical. And as theeye is the best composer, so light is the first of painters. Thereis no object so foul that intense light will not make beautiful.And the stimulus it affords tothe sense, and a sort of infinitude which it hath, like space andtime, make all matter gay. Even the corpse has its own beauty. Butbesides this general grace diffused over nature, almost all theindividual forms are agreeable to the eye, as is proved by ourendless imitations of some of them, as the acorn, the grape, thepine-cone, the wheat-ear, the egg, the wings and forms of mostbirds, the lion's claw, the serpent, the butterfly, sea-shells,flames, clouds, buds, leaves, and the forms of many trees, as thepalm.古希腊人把“宇宙”称为“科士谟土”，即美丽之意。
爱默生RalphWaldoEmerson分析解析
Transcendentalists celebrated the power of
human imagination to commune with the universe and transcend the limitations of the material world. The transcendentalists found their chief source of inspiration in nature.
American philosopher, poet and
essayist The most eloquent spokesman of New EnglandTranscendentalism.
Life
• Ralph Waldo Emerson was born on the same street as the birth home of Benjamin Franklin. • His father was a famous minister who encouraged young Ralph to pursue philosophy at a young age. • His father passed away when he was 8 and Emerson is left to support his four other brothers. • Ralph was asked to share a coat with his brother Edward to save finances. Despite the hardships, all the Emerson boys, except one, graduated from Harvard University.
艾默生经典诗歌《大神》赏析
艾默生经典诗歌《大神》赏析艾默生经典诗歌《大神》赏析大神血污的杀人者若以为他杀了人，[2]死者若以为他已经被杀戮，他们是对我玄妙的道了解不深—一我离去而又折回的道路。
遥远的，被遗忘的，如在我目前；阴影与日光完全相仿；消灭了的神祇仍在我之前出现；荣辱于我都是一样。
忘了我的人，他是失算；逃避我的人，我是他的两翅；我是怀疑者，同时也是那疑团，而我是那僧侣，也是他唱诵的圣诗。
有力的神道渴慕我的家宅，七圣徒也同样痴心妄想；但是你——谦卑的爱善者！你找到了我，而抛弃了天堂！诗歌注释①原题Brahma，为印度教中最高之神，所以译作“大神”，也就是“一切众生之父”，故本诗中也充满了东方宗教的思想。
诗歌鉴赏《大神》一诗最初发表在1857年1 1月份的《大西洋月刊》上，是爱默生最优秀的诗篇之一，可以说是对其“超灵”( Oversoul)思想的形象化阐释。
爱默生的“超灵论”近可以追溯到柯尔律治的万物关联说和谢林的精神实体说，远可以溯源于柏拉图、斯多葛派和普罗提诺的自然哲学，同时也与印度的宗教哲学有内在的密切关联。
早在《论自然》一文中，他就认为自然万物是精神的象征，它们共同属于一个包罗万象的灵魂，“万物各异，其实共通”。
后来在《论超灵》一文中，爱默生则详尽地阐述了他的“超灵论”，他说：“古往今来，对错误的最高批评家，对必然出现的事物的唯一预言家，就是那大自然，我们在其中休息，就像大地躺在大气柔软的怀抱里一样；就是那'统一’，那'超灵’，每个人独特的存在包含在其中，并且跟别人的化为一体。
”“我们一点点地看世界，如看见太阳、月亮、动物、树木；然而，这一切都是整体中触目的部分，整体却是灵魂。
”这种超验的“超灵论”思想试图突破一切的经验局限，达到一种超越时空、超越主客界线的整体论智慧，从而引导人们以一种全新的眼光来反观世界、个体和每一个事件。
爱默生阅读过一些印度宗教的经典著作，尤其是《奥义书》对他影响极大，他所说的“超灵”与婆罗门教的“梵”( Brahman)有着深刻的相似性。
美国文学诗歌名篇翻译赏析
美国文学诗歌名篇翻译赏析第一篇：美国文学诗歌名篇翻译赏析I shot an arrow……我射出一支箭……---Henry Wadsworth LongfellowI shot an arrow into the air,我把一支箭射向空中It fell to earth I knew not where;不知它落在何方For so swiftly it flew the sight飞得那么快Could not follow it in its fight.眼睛难以追寻它的方向I breathed a song into the air,我对着天空轻轻唱歌It fell to earth I knew not where;不知它消逝在何方For who has the sight so keen and strong谁的眼光能如此敏锐犀利That can follow the flight of a song.能跟上歌声的翅膀Long, long afterwards in an oak,很久很久以后，在一棵橡树上I found the arrow still unbroke;我找到了那支箭，仍未折断And the song, from beginning to end,也发现了那支歌，自始自终I found again in the heart of a friend.在朋友的心中欢唱This poem is written in a traditional iambic form with the feet “aabb aacc ddee”.In the poem, Longfellow sings the friendship implicitly and skillfully.The arrow and the song in this poem stand for the friendship.When he shot an arrow and breathed a song into the air, he did not expect to find them any more.But many years later, he came across with the arrow and found that hissong was always in the heart of his friend.This suggests that the friendship is everlasting.I’m Nobody!我是无名之辈Emily DickinsonI’m nobody!Who are you?我是无名之辈！你是谁？Are you nobody, too?你也是无名之辈吗？Then there’s a pair of us----don’t tell!那么我们就是一对儿了！千万不要透露出去They’d banish us, you know!不然我们都会被他们驱逐，你知道。
RalphWaldoEmerson爱默生作品赏析
语言简练有力，富有激情，具有强 烈的感染力。
《论美》
主题
探讨美的本质和意义。
内容
通过对美的不同表现形式的探讨，阐述作者对美的独特见解，强调 内在美的重要性。
艺术手法
运用丰富的比喻和形象的描绘，使作品具有很高的审美价值。
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Emerson作品中的思想 内涵
超验主义思想
超验主义定义
超验主义是19世纪美国的一场思想运动，强调直觉、个人主义和内在的精神力 量。
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对美国文化和思想产生了深远影响。
对后世作家如梭罗、惠特曼等人产生了重要影响。
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Emerson作品风格
语言特点
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简洁明了
Emerson的作品语言简练， 表达清晰，没有过多的修 辞和华丽辞藻，却能深入 人心。
富有哲理
他的文字富含深刻的哲理， 常常通过日常生活中的小 事来阐述人生的大道理。
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1821年毕业于哈佛大学。
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1836年开始担任波士顿第二教堂的牧师。
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1838年辞去教职，开始独立写作和演讲生 涯。
文学成就
1836年发表第一部作品 《自然》。
1850年发表自传体散文集 《经历》。
1844年发表《论美》。 1857年发表《论历史》。
对后世影响
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被誉为“美国文艺复兴之父”。
新视角
随着研究的深入，学者们开始从新的视角对Emerson的作品进行解读， 如生态批评、性别研究等。
研究展望
跨学科研究
未来对Emerson的研究将更加注重跨学科的 方法，如文学与哲学、文学与心理学等。
比较研究
未来可以将Emerson的作品与其他作家的作品进行 比较研究，以更深入地理解他的作品。