基于LabVIEW转子轴心轨迹测量与识别系统开发

基于LabVIEW转子轴心轨迹测量与识别系统开发摘要转子轴心轨迹作为转子振动状态的一类重要图形征兆，包含了大量的故障信息，是诊断专家在诊断过程中采用的一项不可缺少的故障征兆信息，由于轴心轨迹的提纯效果、轴心轨迹的特征自动提取和形状自动识别的水平，都直接影响着故障诊断专家系统的智能化水平，因此我们需要对轴心轨迹全面的进行研究。

首先搭建了转子故障实验台,在该实验台上能够模拟一些典型的转子故障,如不平衡、不对中、转子弯曲等。

在此基础上，搭建信号测量电路，包括传感器、电荷放大器、滤波器、数据采集卡等器件，能够测量转子旋转时的两个相互垂直方向的径向位移。

其次编制轴心轨迹测量及识别程序，该程序能够实时显示轴心轨迹，并进行频谱分析，也可以进行数据的存储。

为了给轴心轨迹识别提供标准，进而编制了轴心轨迹仿真程序，对几种典型故障的轴心轨迹进行了仿真。

根据不变矩理论，编制了不变矩计算程序，通过对传统算法的改进，实现了对离散数据的不变矩计算，改进算法能够自动识别轴心轨迹。

通过连接实验台、测量装置和软件应用程序，对整个系统进行了整合，可实时显示轴心轨迹，同时计算不变矩。

通过大量实验确定识别临界值，使程序既满足灵活性又满足准确性，有效实现在线自动识别。

关键词：轴心轨迹;虚拟仪器；LabVIEW；不变矩Development of measurement and identification of axis orbit system on LabVIEWAbstractThe rotor axis path as a kind of important graphic sign of rotor vibration state contains a large number of fault information is used in the process of diagnosis expert in the diagnosis of an indispensable fault symptom information.Axis path due to the effect of purification, the axis trajectory characteristics of the level of automatic extraction and automatic shape identification, directly affects the level of intelligent fault diagnosis expert system,So we need the axis trajectory comprehensive research.First set the rotor fault test-bed in the laboratory bench to simulate some of the typical rotor faults, such as imbalance, in the wrong, rotor bending, etc. On this basis, the structures, signal measuring circuit, including the data acquisition card, sensor, charge amplifier and filter device, to measure the axis trajectory radial displacement of two directions.Second axis trajectory measurement program, the program can real-time display the axis trajectory, and spectrum analysis, can also for data storage. To provide standards for axis path identification, and then compiled the axis trajectory simulation program, the axis trajectory of several typical faults are simulated.The recognition system is used as a means for identifying, invariant moment invariant moment calculation program, therefore, according to the features of the experiment, the moment invariant algorithm was improved, in order to meet the automaticidentification.Finally integrate the compiled program can display the axis trajectory and moment invariant can be calculated, and through experiments to determine the identification of the critical value, satisfies program meets the flexibility and accuracy, effectively realize online automatic identification. Key words:Axis trajectory;Virtual instrument; LabVIEW; Invariant moments目录摘要 (I)Abstract (II)第1章绪论................................................ - 1 -1.1 课题的背景................................................................................... - 1 -1.2 国内外研究现状........................................................................... - 2 -1.2.1 旋转机械轴心轨迹研究现状 ............................................. - 2 -1.2.2 转子轴心轨迹自动识别研究现状 ..................................... - 2 -1.3 研究的意义和主要内容 ............................................................... - 4 -1.3.1 研究的意义......................................................................... - 4 -1.3.2 研究的主要内容................................................................. - 4 - 第2章转子振动机理和轴心轨迹特征 ......................... - 6 -2.1 旋转机械振动机理分析 ............................................................... - 6 -2.2 转子振动的基本特征 ................................................................... - 7 -2.3 常见故障原因及轴心轨迹的特征 ............................................... - 8 -2.3.1 转子不平衡......................................................................... - 8 -2.3.2 转子不对中......................................................................... - 9 -2.3.3 转子弯曲............................................................................. - 9 -2.3.4 转子碰磨........................................................................... - 10 -2.3.5 油膜震荡........................................................................... - 11 -2.4 轴心轨迹测试方法及信号分析 ................................................. - 12 -2.5 本章小结..................................................................................... - 14 - 第3章 LabVIEW应用程序设计............................... - 16 -3.1 数据采集和轴心轨迹合成 ......................................................... - 16 -3.2 轴心轨迹仿真程序..................................................................... - 19 -3.3 不变矩计算程序......................................................................... - 21 -3.3.1 不变矩方法简介............................................................... - 21 -3.3.2 不变矩计算方法............................................................... - 22 -3.4 相似度计算程序......................................................................... - 24 -3.5 轴心轨迹自动识别程序 ............................................................. - 25 -3.6 本章小结..................................................................................... - 26 - 第4章实验系统与实验结果................................. - 27 -4.1 实验台的结构设计..................................................................... - 27 -4.2 测量装置..................................................................................... - 28 -4.2.1 传感器与测量电路 ........................................................... - 28 -4.2.2 数据采集卡....................................................................... - 29 -4.2.3 数据采集卡基本性能指标 ............................................... - 30 -4.3 实验结果分析............................................................................. - 31 -4.4 本章小结..................................................................................... - 32 - 结论...................................................... - 33 - 致谢...................................................... - 34 - 参考文献.................................................. - 35 - 附录...................................................... - 37 -第1章绪论1.1课题的背景旋转机械是机械设备的重要组成部分并且占有相当大的比重，如机械、化工、电力、冶金等行业的机床、汽轮机、发电机、压缩机等都是典型的旋转机器,它们以转子及其他回转部件作为工作的主体,一旦发生事故将造成巨大损失。