国际金融双语ppt
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国际金融英文版PPT CH4
The Classical Gold Standard (1876 – 1914)
The gold standard was a commitment by participating nations to fix the price of their domestic currencies in terms of a specified amount of gold. The government announces the gold par value which is the amount of its currency needed to buy one ounce of gold. Therefore, the gold was the international currency under the gold standard.
Exports rise Imports shrink
BOP surpluses Gold inflows
BOP deficits Gold outflows
Exports decline Imports increase
Money supply up Prices up
Performance of the gold standard
Gold Standard and Exchange Values
Pegging the value of each currency to gold established an exchange rate system. The gold par value determined the exchange rate between two currencies known as “mint par of exchange”
国际金融英文版PPT(共46页)
The exchange rate would fluctuate between (0.80 + 0.008) = 0.8008 and (0.80 – 0.008) = 0.792
0.8008 and 0.792 are called gold export and import points.
The BOP disequilibrium was corrected by “Price-specie-flow mechanism”.
Example of gold export and import
If the gold par value in New Zealand was NZ$125/ounce and A$100/ounce in Australia, so mint par of exchange: 100/125 = A$0.80/NZ$ Costs of gold transportation: A$0.008/NZ$
The Classical Gold Standard (1876 – 1914)
The gold standard was a commitment by participating nations to fix the price of their domestic currencies in terms of a specified amount of gold.
International monetary system is based on the exchange rate system adopted by individual nations. The exchange rate system is a set of rules governing the value of a currency relative to other currencies.
0.8008 and 0.792 are called gold export and import points.
The BOP disequilibrium was corrected by “Price-specie-flow mechanism”.
Example of gold export and import
If the gold par value in New Zealand was NZ$125/ounce and A$100/ounce in Australia, so mint par of exchange: 100/125 = A$0.80/NZ$ Costs of gold transportation: A$0.008/NZ$
The Classical Gold Standard (1876 – 1914)
The gold standard was a commitment by participating nations to fix the price of their domestic currencies in terms of a specified amount of gold.
International monetary system is based on the exchange rate system adopted by individual nations. The exchange rate system is a set of rules governing the value of a currency relative to other currencies.
International finance chapter3 (国际金融英文版课件)
A forward rate is a rate applicable to a financial transaction that will take place in the future.
The Bid rate is the rate at which you can sell. The Ask (or offer) rate is the rate at which you can buy. Bid/Ask Spread The difference between the bid and ask prices. In thinly traded markets, this spread may be wide. The mean is the average of bid and ask rate. The cash rate is the exchange rate used in cash transaction.
THE BASICS OF CURRENCY TRADING
Multiple exchange rates The system by which a country's currency has more than one exchange rate with any foreign currency. The rate which applies to any transaction may depend on the holder of the currency, or on the purpose for which it is being used.
THE BASICS OF CURRENCY TRADING
国际金融英文版PPT CH8
The elasticity of export (or import) supply is the responsiveness of the quantity supplied to a change in price. If EX > 1, demand is elastic; the percent rise in quantity of exports is greater than the percent fall in price. If EX < 1, demand is inelastic; the percent rise in quantity of exports is smaller than the percen of demand for exports and imports of 15 industrial countries
The elasticity of demand for exports and imports for 9 developing countries (Con’t)
Chapter 8
The Balance-of-Payments Adjustment (I)
Elasticity Approach (Relative Price Effects)
Elasticity is the ratio between proportional change in one variable and proportional change in another. The elasticity of export (or import) demand is the responsiveness of the quantity demanded to a change in price. EX = △QX /△PX EM = △QM /△PM
国际金融双语PPT课件-总复习
14-10
买入价和卖出价的判定
• 从银行买卖外汇的角度，划分为买入汇率和 卖出汇率 • 买入汇率（Buying Rate）又称买入价，是指 报价银行从同业或客户那里买入外汇时所使 用的汇率。 • 卖出汇率（Selling Rate）又称卖出价，是指 报价银行向同业或客户卖出外汇时所使用的 汇率。 • USD1=CNY7.7764-7.7900 • 买价卖价？ 判断原则？
• 询价者不会透露交易意图，因此报价银 行必须报出买入价和卖出价。
McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved.
14-14
新型与传统国际金融市场的区别
国内金融市场
国内投资者 传统 国际 金融 市场
McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved.
14-4
货 物 服 务 经常项目 收 入
经常转移
资本项目 国际收支账户 资本和金融项目
金融项目
储备资产 错误与遗漏
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved.
14-12
• ①地点在中国，是直接标价法，买价在前，卖 价在后； • ②地点在美国，是间接标价法，卖价在前，买 价在后； • • • • 判断原则： ①从银行自身角度出发，赚取买卖差价； ②银行持有本币，看其对外汇是买还是卖； ③如不属于直接、间接、美元标价法的一种， 则视银行目前持有币种为本币，判断买卖价。
国际金融英文课件5
1.
பைடு நூலகம்
Demand and supply of currency
2.
Sterling is sold on foreign exchange markets when Goods and services are imported (domestic consumers and firms sell sterling to finance their purchase of imports or when they go overseas on holiday) Speculators sell pounds for another currency Investment capital flows out of the UK seeking a better rate of return Central banks go into the market and sell pounds to buy other foreign currencies. When the demand for sterling is high relative to supply, sterling goes up in value (an appreciation). The reverse is true when the market supply of pounds exceeds the demand (a depreciation).
The role of interest rate
International financial investors have an incentive to shift toward dollar-denominated assets, and this increases the demand for dollars in the foreign exchange market. The dollar tends to appreciate immediately. Furthermore, we can determine that the dollar should appreciate to about $0.4975 per SFr, assuming that the interest rates and the expected future exchange rate do not change. Once this new current spot exchange rate is posted in the market , the SFR then is expected to appreciate during the next 90 days at a faster rate, equal to about 6 percent. This re-established uncovered interest parity (5 percent interest plus about 6 percent expected appreciation matches the 11 percent American interest) and eliminates any further desire by international investors to reposition their portfolios.
国际金融英文版ChapterTwo
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国际金融英文版ChapterTwo
重要说明
偏差
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国际金融英文版ChapterTwo
此研究方法给我们的启发
³ 我国能源的短缺
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国际金融英文版ChapterTwo
结束句
谢谢
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国际金融英文版ChapterTwo
Fundamentals of BOP Accounting
New York bank deposits.
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国际金融英文版ChapterTwo
Fundamentals of BOP Accounting
3. How do we record transactions between residents and nonresidents
A set of accounts(p14-18)
³ Each transaction, involves two opposite flows of equal value. ³ For example: ³ The U.S. government sells $29 million worth of wheat to Russia, being paid
Debit: unilateral transfer $8 million
Credit: goods
$8 million
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国际金融英文版ChapterTwo
Account name
Debit
Current account
67
Goods
34(2)
Services
Income
25(4)
•Financia l account
国际金融英文版PPT CH5
Big Mac in China costs ￥11.00, while the same Mac in U.S. costs $3.41. The actual exchange rate was ￥7.6/$ at the time. The implied exchange rate according to absolute PPP should be: ￥11/$3.41 = ￥3.23/$ The dollar was overvalued. An overvalued currency is a currency in which the actual value is higher than the value it is supposed to be. Otherwise, it is an undervalued currency.
%ΔS = πd – πf
πd, πf: domestic and foreign inflation rate
The equation shows if domestic inflation is high than foreign inflation, the foreign currency will appreciate against the domestic currency by the percent consistent with the inflation differencial.
Price index is an index number of the prices of goods of some given type. PC = (∑i PitWit)/(∑i Pi0Wi0)