Grammar in use-虚拟语气
高二英语 Unit 2 Grammar 虚拟语气 II知识精讲 人教新课标版选修 6
高二英语 Unit 2 Grammar 虚拟语气 II 人教新课标版选修 6一、学习目标：1. 学习虚拟语气在名词性从句中及其他从句中的应用。
2. 掌握虚拟语气使用的语境及方法。
二、重点、难点：虚拟语气在各种从句中的句型结构。
三、考情分析：在高考题中，目前全国19套各省试题中涉及到虚拟语气知识点的占30%以上，因此这一语法项目在高考中变得越来越重要。
这一知识点经常以单项选择题的形式出现，分值为1分。
而且，我们在日常对话中也经常会用到虚拟语气。
四、知能提升（一）知识讲解【认知讲解】l. 虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法：1）在“It is important (strange，natural，necessary)that…”这类句型里，that所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”结构，表示某事是“重要”、“奇怪”、“自然”、“必要”的等意义。
It is important that every member (should) inform himself of these rules.重要的是每个成员都应该知道这些规则。
It is necessary that we (should) do something to protect the environment.我们每一个人都很有必要做些事情来保护环境。
It is strange that a well behaved gentleman should be so rude to the lady.真奇怪，那个举止得体的绅士竟然对那位女士如此粗鲁。
2）It is ordered/suggested that…从句that引导的主语从句的谓语动词用“(should)+v.”结构。
这一类的动词还有：propose, require, demand, request, insist, ask等。
It is ordered that the cloth (should) be woven right now.命令传来，应该马上织布。
unit4 grammar 虚拟语气 use
3.In adverbial clauses introduced by even if, as if, as though and if only we can use unreal conditionals.
他那样对待我，好像我是陌生人似的。 He treated me as if I were a stranger.
It’s high time that you went. 你该走了。 It’s high time that you should go. 我们该去 It’s time that we went to bed.
睡觉了。
It’s time that we should go to bed.
4.表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。 1.宾语从句。常见动词： 一个坚持，两个命 令，三个建议，四个要求。即 1.insist 2. order, command
我希望和你一样高。
I wish I were as tall as you.
他希望他没讲那样的话。
He wished he hadn‘t said that.
我希望明天下雨就好了。
I wish it would rain tomorrow.
现在： did
2. would rather that
过去： had done 未来： did
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week. He insisted that he (should ) be sent there. 注意： 如suggest, insist不表示"建议" 或"坚 持要某人做某事时"，即它们用于其本意" 暗示、表明"、"坚持认为"时，宾语从句用 陈述语气。
牛津高中英语M6Unit3Grammar虚拟语气
◎ If I were the student, I would not use the
mobile phone in class.
Conclusion
以上例句谈论的都是与 现在事实相反的情况
If+主语+ did(were) , 主语+ would/should/could/might+动词原形 .
Practice
C 1. I don’t have a cellphone. If I _______ one , it would
be convenient for me to get in touch with others.
A. has
B. have been
C. had
D. have
2. If the earthquake had happened in the daytime,
visit to the Taizhou Bridge.
had not been
4. If it hadn’t rained last Sunday, we cmouigldhgt o picnicking.
could have gone
省略if 的虚拟条件句的倒装
IfWI ewreerIe Obama’s daughter, I would be very happy.
A 5. If I _____ in the 22nd century, I ______
my vacation in a very different way. A. should live; would spend B. will live; should spend C. were living; should have spent D. will be living; would have spent
Grammar in use 语法运用
Grammar in use 语法运用虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的应用【经典例题】1. If my lawyer _______ here last Saturday, he _______ me from going.A. had been; would have preventedB. had been; would preventC. were; would preventD. were; would have prevented2. If I had worn my overcoat, I _______cold.A. won’t have caught B .couldn’t have caughtC. won’t catchD. wouldn’t catch3.—If he ______ , he ______ that food.—Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A. was warned; would not takeB. had been warned; would not have takenC. would be warned; had not takenD. would have been warned; had not taken4. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she _______, she would have met my brother.A. has comeB. did comeC. cameD. had come【答案与解析】1．A．本题考查虚拟语气。
因为从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，故从句谓语动词用过去完成时，而主句谓语动词用would have +过去分词形式。
2．B．本题考查虚拟条件句中主句谓语动词的使用。
因为从句用了过去完成时，可知主句谓语动词用would / could have +过去分词形式。
Grammar(虚拟语气)
虚拟语气
1. 英语动词有三种语气, 陈述语气, 祈 使语气和虚拟语气。 2. 定义: 用来表示说的话不是事实, 或 者是不可能发生的情况, 而是一种愿
望, 建议, 假设的语气叫虚拟语气。
3. 在if条件句中的应用
条件句可分为两类, 一类为真实条
件句, 一类为非真实条件句。非真
实条件句表示的是假设的或实际 可能性不大的情况, 故采用虚拟语 气。
1) 真实条件句 真实条件句用于陈述语气, 假设的情 况可能发生, 其中if是如果的意思。
2) 非真实条件句
非真实条件句用语虚拟语气, 假设的
情况不可能发生, 或者可能性很小, 其 中if 是“要是、如果”的意思。 即:“要是……就好了”; “如 果……, ……就会……”
1. If the weather had been finer, the
crops would be growing still better.
2. If you had followed the teacher’s
advice, you wouldn’t be in the
hospital.
4. without和but for 构成含蓄虚拟语气。 (but for要不是) Without sunlight, people’s life would be different from today. But for your help, I wouldn’t have finished the work. Without your help, I would have failed. But for water, it would be impossible to live in the desert.
Grammar in use-虚拟语气
语气是表示说话者对动词所表示的动作或状态的态度的一种动词形式。
英语中有三种语气：直陈语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。
虚拟语气是表示说话人一种主观愿望、假想或建议。
一、真实条件和非真实条件英语中的条件句分为真实条件和非真实条件。
真实条件表示现实情况中可能实现的情况，而非真实条件表示与现实情况相反的假想情况。
（真实条件）如果工作条件不太差，我会接受这项工作。
If the working conditions are not too bad, I will accept the job.（非真实条件）如果工作条件不太差，我就接受这项工作了。
If the working conditions were not too bad, I would accept the job.（事实是The working conditions are too bad, so I won't accept the job.）（真实条件）他说他如果失败，他还会再试一次。
He said if he failed, he would have another try.（非真实条件）如果他失败的话，他会再试一次的。
If he had failed, he would have had another try.（事实是He didn't fail and he didn't have another try.）二、非真实条件句1.与现在事实相反If从句：动词过去时（be动词用were，但在口语中，在单数第一、三人称后也有用was。
）主句：would/should/could/might + 原形动词如果房间大一点的话，我们就在那儿举行聚会了。
If the room were larger, we would hold the party there.假如我身边有钱，我就借点给你。
If I had money on me, I would lend you some.2.与过去事实相反If从句：had + 过去分词主句：would/should/could/might have + 过去分词如果那个地方不远的话，我们就步行去那儿了。
Book 6-Unit 1 Grammar 虚拟语气
(5) I got up late, or I should have caught the first bus. 我起床晚了，不然的话，我就可以赶上早班车了。
我没错过火车就好了！
(3) If only I were (be)20 years younger! 我要是年
轻20岁该多好啊！
Step2. Practice (巩固练习)
1. Complete the sentences with the correct form of
the given verb.
表示与现在或将来情况相反的假设，如例句 1，3 ，
用 过去完成时 表示与过去情况相反的假设， 如例
句2 。
练一练： (1) I would rather you did
(do) it now.
(2) I would rather you hadn’t told (not tell) me the
truth yesterday.
现在有时间的话，他会来见我。
(3) If the weather had been nice yesterday, we would have
gone for a picnic. 如果昨天天气好的话，我们就去野餐了。
(4) If I had a chance to try it, I would do it in another way. 如果我有机会尝试的话， 我会用一种不同的方法。
(3) I would rather you came (come) tomorrow.
Grammar and usage虚拟语气
4. He insisted that he (should) __________ be sent there. 5. He insisted that he was ___ honest. 6. She insisted that he ____________ hadn’t stolen (steal)anything.
表示将 ①过去式 (did) would / could / 来情况 ②should + do might / should ③were to do
+动词原形(do)
一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句 中的用法
条件从句 If 从句的谓语形式
现在 过去
did / were
had done 1. did / were
5. He insisted that all of us (should) _________ be there on time by any means. (be) 6. The teacher suggested that we
____________ (should) clean the blackboard after class.
主句的谓语形式 would/could/should/ might +V.(原) would/could/should/ might+have+p.p. would/could/should/
未来
2. should do 3. were to do
might + V.(原)
Complete the following sentences. 1. 如果你昨天问他，你现在就知道怎么办。 If you _________ had asked him yesterday, you __________ would know what to do now. 2. 如果昨晚下雨，今天会很冷。
高二英语 Unit 1 Grammar 虚拟语气知识精讲 新人教版选修6
高二英语Unit 1 Grammar 虚拟语气知识精讲新人教版选修6一、学习目标：1. 学习虚拟语气在条件句中的应用。
2. 掌握虚拟语气使用的语境与方法。
二、重点、难点：虚拟语气在条件句中的句型结构。
三、考情分析：在高考题中，目前全国19套各地市试题中涉与到虚拟语气知识点的占30%以上，因此这一语法项目在高考中变得越来越重要。
这一知识点经常以单项选择题的形式出现，分值为1分。
而且，我们在日常对话中也会经常用到虚拟语气。
四、知能提升〔一〕知识讲解【认知讲解】教材原句呈现①If you were an artist, what kind of pictures would you paint?②If the rules of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures.③Have you ever wished you could paint as well as a professional artist?比照分析第一个句子中的从句显然是做了一个不可能成立的假设，这是一个与现在事实相反的虚拟语气的句子。
第二个句子中如此是与过去事实相反，是表示如果透视法没有被发现，就没有人能够画出这样具有现实主义的画来。
第三个句子中wish后面的虚拟语气，表示与将来事实相反。
【重、难点】1〕虚拟语气可以用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。
虚拟语气在条件句中应用得比拟多。
2〕条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。
非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际发生的可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。
I.真实条件句用于陈述语气，所假设的情况有可能发生。
结构如下所示：从句往往用一般现在时，而主句如此由“shall/will + 动词原形〞构成。
grammar(虚拟语气)
2. would rather (宁愿）后的宾语从句中也 用虚拟语气。 I would rather you paid me now. I would rather you came tomorrow. I would rather you hadn’t done that.
wish+宾从 现在： did/were 过去： had done 将来： could/would + do did/were 现在/将来： 过去：had done
If you ____________ (take) my advice, you had taken _____________________ would not have failed (fail) in the exams.
If he _____(be) were here, everything would be all right.
What would you do with a million dollars? =if you had a million dollars Without/But for your help, we wouldn’t have made such rapid progress. =if you hadn’t helped us, I was ill that day. Otherwise, I could have taken part in the sports meeting. =if I hadn’t been ill that day, I might have given you more help, but I was too busy. =if I hadn’t been so busy,
came/should come If you __________________(come) would have tomorrow, we _________________(have) the meeting.
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(2)Given more time, I would have been able to finish the experiment. 5.在不少情况下，虚拟式已变成习惯说法，很难找出其暗含的条件。 Eg: You wouldn’t know.
• If I were chosen, I would do my best. Or
• If you choose me, I would do my best.
Which is written in the subjunctive?
• We ask that the match be postponed due to the rain.
if主语+v-ed, 主语+would(或might, could, should)+v. Eg: If we left now, we should arrive in good time.
If I were you, I would refuse the money. 2. 与将来事实相反时,其表现形式为:
虚拟语气在其它从句中的应用
Ⅰ 虚拟语气在表示命令，请求，建议等从句中的应用 虚拟语气可用于表示命令，请求，建议，愿望，要求等名词性
从句中，从句谓语形式是“should+动词原形”或“动词原形” （1）用于主语从句，其谓语用should+动词原形（或should +P.P.) 或只用动词原形。常用的形容词和分词有：essential, imperative, advisable,necessary,important,desirable,urgent,preferable,natural, suggested等。 Eg: It is necessary that you should be present at the discussion.
Advice
• Advise • Ask • Command • Demand • Insist • Propose • Recommend • Request
Unreal situations
• Desire • Wish • Hope • Dream
• Advise • Ask • Command • Demand
• Please can Matthew come home at lunchtime? Or
• I request that Matthew be allowed to come home.
Why do I need to know this?
Do people even use it?
Task: Write a letter to inform Mr Bieber of this, and what he needs
if主语+should(或were to)v.,主语+Would(或might,could,should)+v. Eg: If you dropped the glass, it would break.
If you leaved there for a while, you’d change your mind about that place. 3. 与过去事实相反时,其表现形式为: if主语+had v-ed,主语+would(或might,could,should)+have v-ed. Eg: We would have dropped by if we had had time.
If
Noun/pronoun
were
If
I
were
If
I
were
If
he
were
If
they
were
situation rich famous to attend they party going to book the holiday
Which is written in the subjunctive?
I
Hale Waihona Puke proposethat dad
listen
She
demanded
that he
be
We
command
that she
write
Sarah
insist
that John
have
Mr Jones
ask
that the school team attend
Unreal situations
• Desire • Wish • Hope • Dream
To advise
• Insist • Propose • Recommend • Request
Noun/Pronoun
Verb (can change for tense etc)
That
Noun/Pronoun
Infinitive verb (must always be in root form for the subjunctive to be grammatically correct)
to do to correct it!
Challenge: Write in the subjunctive in your letter.
虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的应用
Ⅰ if条件句的虚拟语气
if的非真实条件从句对现在,过去,将来的事实进行虚拟时,主句和if从 句的谓语动词形式如下: 1.与现在事实相反时,其表现形式为:
The subjunctive form
The what?
The subjunctive form sounds scarier than it actually is. The subjunctive form is mostly used in formal language (if you were the queen for example). It can be used to give advice of talk about unreal situations.
ahead of time. (3)含有助动词should的虚拟条件句，也可用在主句是陈述语气或祈使 语气的句子中. Eg :If there should be another flood, what should we do?
Ask her to leave a message if she should come. (4)supposing, suppose, even if也可引导虚拟条件句。 Eg :Supposing it were fine tomorrow, would you go swimming with us? (5)有时suppose或supposing单独引起一个句子，用于提出建议或假设。 Eg :Suppose we started tomorrow.
The detective insisted that he should have a look.
. (3)表语从句或同位语从句 在advice, command, demand, desire, idea, motion, order, plan等名词作主语的表语 从句或同位语从句中，谓语动词用should be型或be型虚拟式。 Eg :The doctor’s advice is that the patient should be kept quiet. He rejected my advice that he should meet my son. 在as if 引导的表示虚拟的表语从句中，谓语动词用were型虚拟式表示对现在情况的 假设，用 had been型虚拟式表示对过去情况的假设。 Eg :You look as if you had a toothache. 如果说话人所表示的不是假设的情况，而是一种可能的事实，as if引导的表语从句 中的谓语动词使用陈述语气。 Eg :It looks as if it is going to rain. 在主句的谓语动词为过去时的情况下，往往无法从语法形式上辨别表语从句的谓语 动词是虚拟还是陈述语气，因为此时两者的形式是相同的。 Eg: She looked as if she had had some bad news.
Or
• We have asked for the match to be postponed due to the rain.
Which is written in the subjunctive?
• Honesty is part of our school rules. Or
• Our school rules require that all children be honest.
I wouldn’t have known what these were for if I hadn’t been told.
Ⅱ 错综时间句的虚拟语气
当条件从句与结果主句所表的时间不一致时,虚拟语气的形 式应当做相应的调整.如: (1) If I had spoken to him yesterday, I should know what to do now. (2) You would be much better now if you had taken my advice. (3) If father hadn’t sent me, I shouldn’t be here. (4) If he knew this, it would have had to be by accident. 如条件从句用if I were…,结果主句则可用表任何时间的虚拟 形式.如: (5)If I were not easy, I would have come. (6)If I were you, I would go. 根据句意的需要,有的句子的主句为陈述语气,而从句为虚拟 语气.如: If this machine should fail to give satisfaction, we guarantee to refund the