英语论文-从英译汉的实例分析看英汉思维方式差异
从中英单词对比中西思维方式不同
从中英单词对比中西思维方式不同一、中西思维方式差异对比一综合vs.分析口综合思维，即在思想上将对象的各个部分联合为整体，并将它的各种属性、方面等结合起来。
翻译家杨友钦1999曾说，中国人强调整体和归纳;而西方人则注重分析和细节。
由于中国人偏好综合，导致了思维上整体优先，即强调整体思维。
中国传统哲学试图寻求人与人、人与自然、人与社会的和谐，追求“万物一体”“天人合一”。
因此，中国人喜欢先从整体上分析事物，然后再将其分成不同的部分。
在西方，柏拉图首先提出“主客二分”的思想。
分析性思维从二元的角度解释世界。
它明确区分精神与物质、主体与客体、现象与本质，并把二者对立起来。
分析性思维是把整体分解为各个部分，然后深入分析各个部分在整体中的作用和地位，进而了解其特殊本质。
二形象vs.抽象口形象思维指在头脑中对记忆表象进行分析综合、加工改造，从而形成新的表象的心理过程。
中国人的形象思维较为发达，习惯于运用形象的方法表达抽象的概念，并且大量运用形象类比的方法，通过物体的形象表达思想，重视直观经验。
抽象思维，是运用概念进行判断、推理的思维活动。
这种思维需要遵循逻辑规律，所以又称逻辑思维。
西方人倾向于使用表达同类事物的整体概念来表达具体的现象或事物，比较重视抽象思维的运用。
在语言中大量使用涵义模糊、指称笼统的抽象名词来表达复杂的理性概念。
三螺旋型vs.直线形口中国人的思维模式受其文化影响巨大。
在社会中人们会根据一些约定俗成的习俗或规则来为人处事，他们总是从一个整体的角度认识并指出事物。
Hofstede1991指出，中国人从直觉或感觉上去思考，认为个体与社会是一个整体，其思考方式是呈螺旋型的。
与此相反，西方人善于分析推理，其思维模式是呈直线形，即一开始就表达出自己的思想。
因此，他们逐渐形成了直线形思维模式。
受其逻辑思维传统影响，西方人在推理和判断事物时更倾向于追求精确。
二、中西思维差异对语言表达的影响一词汇方面1.词汇选择英语词类可分为10种，并与汉语词类没有完全一一对等关系。
英语论文-从中英文化差异谈英语隐喻的汉译
从中英文化差异谈英语隐喻的汉译[Abstract] In recent years, more and more scholars have made researches on metaphor and an “upsurge of metaphor” has been formed gradually in modern society. The studies on metaphor in foreign countries have developed a complete system, which is typically represented by George Lakeoff and Mark Johnson. And the studies on metaphor in China are also influenced by the two. However, if surveying these research achievements, we will easily find that few of them study the translation of metaphor from English into Chinese. Moreover, most traditional theorists believe that metaphor is only a figure of speech and belongs to the category of linguistics. But in fact, metaphor is not only a linguistic phenomenon, but also a cultural and cognitive phenomenon. This thesis breaks these restrictions and try to research into the translation of metaphor from English into Chinese from the perspective of cultural differences between Chinese and English. The whole thesis is divided into five parts. The first part is an introduction. Based on the new belief that metaphor is a cultural and cognitive phenomenon, this part states the significance of studying metaphor from the cultural perspective. The second part focuses on the analysis of the close interrelations between language, culture and translation. The third part introduces some major factors about metaphor, such as its definitions, characteristics and classification. The fourth part emphatically illustrates the approaches to the translation of metaphor from English into Chinese in terms of different corresponding relations between Chinese and English. The last part summarizes the main points of this thesis.[Key Words] metaphor; translation; cultural differences; cultural connotations; corresponding relation【摘要】近年来，越来越多的学者对隐喻进行了研究，在现代社会逐渐形成了一股“隐喻热”。
从英译汉的实例分析看英汉思维方式差异
从英译汉的实例分析看英汉思维方式差异[Abstract] Due to different cultures, English and Chinese people have formed their own modes of t hought, which influence their living ways greatly, especially their own languages. Mode of thoug ht is a very complicated abstract conception connected closely to philosophy. In this paper I will mainly concern on English individualism and Chinese entirety, because their difference is the most distinct one existing in modes of thought. English people prefer individualism, which leads them to subordinate the recognized objects into small parts. While Chinese people like entirety, they pr efer to take the world as a whole. Thinking patterns have been clearly reflected on languages, as a result of which English is hypotactic and Chinese is paratactic. This paper centers on the differen ces of hypotactic and paratactic characteristics in languages and their forming reasons—modes of thought. English people prefers to make good use of the hypotactic markers to link the sentence c omponents, while Chinese usually try to understand the world by their own intuition. In this paper the differences are explained through English-Chinese translation and the statistics are also given to prove them.[Key Words] comparison; mode of thought; languages; English; Chinese[摘要] 根源于不同的文化渊源,英汉两族人民形成了他们各自的思维模式。
英汉互译中的思维差异对比分析
英汉互译中的思维差异对比分析英汉语言作为中西方思维方式的具体体现，有着很大的不同。
要在翻译中灵活转换，就很有必要首先弄清楚其思维模式方面的差异。
标签：思维模式；思维差异；英汉互译很多学者认为，思维方式与语言密切相关，“思维是语言生成和发展的深层机制，语言又促使思维方式得以形成和发展。
语言是思维的主要工具，是思维方式的构成要素。
思维以一定的方式体现出来，表现于某种语言形式之中”。
（连淑能，2002）。
东方和西方属于两大不同的文化体系，因而形成两大类型的思维模式。
东方和西方的思维模式从总体上看具有不同的特征，如东方人偏重人文，注重伦理、道德西方人偏重理性、逻辑、实证等等。
英汉互译中语言转换很大程度上受英汉思维模式的影响，具体而言体现在以下四个方面：一、整体思维VS 分析思维（Synthetic thought VS Analytic thought）一般来看，中国人倾向于整体思维。
而英语国家的人则恰恰相反，会将整体分解成具体的部分，然后分析其特征、功用、关系等。
中国人计算时间一般按照年-月-日-小时-分钟从大到小的顺序，而英语中则从小到大，分钟-小时-日-月-年；中国人的名字一般将姓置于前，名放在后，而英语国家的人名顺序是先名后姓。
二、形象思维VS 抽象思维（Imaging thought VS Abstract thought）中国人往往选择形象思维，西方人选择的抽象思维。
中国的文字是一种象形文字，其很大程度上决定了中国人会选择形象思维，例如，“人”、“田”、“山”等；而英语是一种字母文字，其需要借助于抽象思维的方式来表达含义。
例1：Now that the merger of “dot and com” has created so many young millionaires，there’s a new topic：venture capital.译文：既然网络公司的兼并造就了如此多的年轻百万富翁，我们面临一个新话题：风险资本。
中英思维方式的差异及翻译中思维方式的转换
中英思维方式的差异及翻译中思维方式的转换作者：项琳琳来源：《校园英语》 2020年第14期文/项琳琳【摘要】中英思维方式的差异导致两种语言在选词、句子结构以及语序衔接等方面都有所不同。
因此，相关翻译人员需要在清楚掌握两者不同之处的前提下，在翻译过程中实现思维方式的转换，从而提高翻译质量。
本文就中英思维方式中存在的差异进行分析，并进一步探究翻译过程中两种思维方式的转换。
【关键词】中式思维；英式思维；翻译；转换【作者简介】项琳琳，大连外国语大学。
一、中英思维方式差异分析1.整体性思维与分析性思维。
作为人类思维的两大基本形式，整体性思维和分析性思维分别是中西方民族秉承的思维模式。
中式思维强调“天人合一”，注重个人领悟和时间顺序，重视综合、概括和整体；而英式思维将人与事物分隔开，强调形式一致与逻辑分析，重视独特与个体。
这两种不同的思维方式在汉英两种语言中有所体现。
汉语重意合，众多短句只需要按照思绪或时间顺序罗列，用逗号连接即可。
而英语重形合，英文有严格的句工结构和语法规则，各短句之间需分清主次。
另外，模糊概括的用语常出现在汉语中，而细腻具体的用语常出现在英语中。
例如，“bulge, protrude, stick out, jet out, swell”等词都译为汉语中的“突出”，可它们却暗指不同的突出物和突出方向。
在汉语中，“突出”一词可用于任意语境；而在英语中，则需要根据不同语境选择不同的词语。
2.具象思维与抽象思维。
英式思维重视抽象概念，而中式思维更重视具体概念并视其为抽象概念的基础。
中英这两种思维方式的差异主要体现在用词上，两种语言会选用不同的词性表达同一个意思。
英语多选用表示静态和抽象的名词和介词，而汉语则常使用表示动态和具体的动词。
对于这两种思维方式的不同，翻译时需要转换遣词造句的习惯。
如“加快建立”译为“speed up the establishment”。
其中，“加快”为状语，“建立”为动词。
从科技英语汉译看英汉思维差异
从科技英语汉译看英汉思维差异郭杰【摘要】语言和思维是一种相互影响相互制约的关系.语言是思维的表现形式,思维决定语言的表达；语言反过来又影响着人的思维方式,而思维在很大程度上支配着语言的使用.翻译活动涉及的不仅仅是两种或多种语言的转换,从本质上说也是不同思维模式的切换.本文以科技英语汉译为出发点,通过对比原文和译文的遣词造句和句法关联,探讨综合思维与分析思维、形象思维与抽象思维、主体思维与客体思维的差异对译文产出所产生的影响,最后得出结论:在汉译科技英语时,应充分考虑荚汉思维方式的差异性,做好思维模式的迁移和转换,使译文表达更加符合汉语表达习惯,达到科技英语的准确传递信息的目的.【期刊名称】《疯狂英语(教师版)》【年(卷),期】2012(000)003【总页数】3页(P167-169)【关键词】科技英语;思维差异;思维转化【作者】郭杰【作者单位】郑州航空工业管理学院外语系,河南郑州450015【正文语种】中文【中图分类】H315.91. 引言思维与语言的关系是以思维为起点的双向作用与反作用的关系。
人类在语言之前就有思维，思维是人类对客观世界由感性到理性的认识过程。
所以决定人类思维的首先是客观现实，而不是语言。
语言是思维的载体，影响着思维；思维是语言的核心，制约并支配着语言。
而传统意义上，翻译一直被认为是一种跨语言的语际转换活动，是把一种语言的言语产物在保持内容意义不变的情况下，用另一种语言来表现的过程。
实际上，翻译在本质上还是一种思维的转换活动，所以在翻译操作过程中必然可以折射出思维方式的差异性。
科技英语作为传达科技知识与信息的手段，在语言表达上具有准确性、客观性和简洁性特点，这从本质上受到思维方式的左右。
因此，在科技英语的汉译过程中必然可以反映出英汉思维的差异。
2. 综合思维与分析思维东方人偏好综合思维，西方人偏向分析思维。
前者指在思想上将各个部分联合成整体，强调对自然社会认识的整体性和统一性，在语言层面上的反映就是意合句的频繁出现。
英汉语言对比方面论文免费
英汉语言对比方面论文免费英汉两种语言分属印欧语西系和汉藏语系，两者之间存在很大的差异。
下文是店铺为大家整理的关于英汉语言对比方面论文免费下载的范文，欢迎大家阅读参考!英汉语言对比方面论文免费下载篇1论英汉语言的对比及转换摘要：现代社会中西方国家交流和合作日益紧密，语言的沟通尤为重要，这就涉及英汉两种语言的转换，但是把英语转化成汉语并不仅仅是靠简单的语法和词汇转换。
本文通过研究和对比英汉两种语言其背后代表的文化背景和思维特征，旨在更好地转换这两种语言，达到更好地沟通和交流的目的。
关键词：英汉转换文化对比一、英汉语言转换目的及标准(一)语言转换的目的现代社会各种高科技手段使世界联系越来越紧密，世界各国在各个领域上的交流和规模，频率和速度都得到了空前的发展，而在这个过程中“巴别塔现象”――各国人们之间语言不通――则成为一个无可回避的障碍。
翻译是一种语言活动，是把一种语言表达的内容用另一种语言表达出来。
而翻译的最初目的就是为了交流，消除不同语言之间的障碍。
因而翻译这项活动也日益重要。
(二)语言转换的标准翻译的标准有很多名家先后提出自己的见解，我国著名的翻译家严复曾经提出“信、达、雅”之说受到普遍的认同，中国当代著名文学家及语言学家林语堂也提出过好的翻译应做到“音美，意美，神美，气美，形美”。
英国的翻译家泰勒提出了翻译三原则：(1)要将原作的意思全部转移到译文上来;(2)译文应当具备原作的风格和文体;(3)疑问和原作要同样的流畅。
国际译联的《翻译工作者章程》指出：“译文应忠实于原文，准确表现原作的思想与形式。
”但这些标准都有着共同点，忠实准确、通顺流畅和风格得体可以说是所有标准的共核。
二、英汉语言对比(一)主语与主题中国传统哲学主张“天人合一”，反映在语言上就是施事主体可以蕴含在行为事件的主观表现中。
因此在句子构造中，汉语并不把主语看成必要的成分，多为无主语而重主题的形式。
而英语则是注重主语的语言，造句离不开主语。
英语论文-从英译汉的实例分析看英汉思维方式差异
从英译汉的实例分析看英汉思维方式差异[Abstract] Due to different cultures, English and Chinese people have formed their own modes of t hought, which influence their living ways greatly, especially their own languages. Mode of thoug ht is a very complicated abstract conception connected closely to philosophy. In this paper I will mainly concern on English individualism and Chinese entirety, because their difference is the most distinct one existing in modes of thought. English people prefer individualism, which leads them to subordinate the recognized objects into small parts. While Chinese people like entirety, they pr efer to take the world as a whole. Thinking patterns have been clearly reflected on languages, as a result of which English is hypotactic and Chinese is paratactic. This paper centers on the differen ces of hypotactic and paratactic characteristics in languages and their forming reasons—modes of thought. English people prefers to make good use of the hypotactic markers to link the sentence c omponents, while Chinese usually try to understand the world by their own intuition. In this paper the differences are explained through English-Chinese translation and the statistics are also given to prove them.[Key Words] comparison; mode of thought; languages; English; Chinese[摘要] 根源于不同的文化渊源,英汉两族人民形成了他们各自的思维模式。
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从英译汉的实例分析看英汉思维方式差异[Abstract] Due to different cultures, English and Chinese people have formed their own modes of t hought, which influence their living ways greatly, especially their own languages. Mode of thoug ht is a very complicated abstract conception connected closely to philosophy. In this paper I will mainly concern on English individualism and Chinese entirety, because their difference is the most distinct one existing in modes of thought. English people prefer individualism, which leads them to subordinate the recognized objects into small parts. While Chinese people like entirety, they pr efer to take the world as a whole. Thinking patterns have been clearly reflected on languages, as a result of which English is hypotactic and Chinese is paratactic. This paper centers on the differen ces of hypotactic and paratactic characteristics in languages and their forming reasons—modes of thought. English people prefers to make good use of the hypotactic markers to link the sentence c omponents, while Chinese usually try to understand the world by their own intuition. In this paper the differences are explained through English-Chinese translation and the statistics are also given to prove them.[Key Words] comparison; mode of thought; languages; English; Chinese[摘要] 根源于不同的文化渊源,英汉两族人民形成了他们各自的思维模式。
这种思维模式的差异深深地影响了他们的各种生活方式, 尤其体现在语言上。
思维模式是一个非常复杂抽象的概念,与哲学密切相关。
在这篇论文中我将主要阐释英民族的个体性思维和汉民族的整体性思维,因为它们之间的差异是思维模式中最突出的一面。
英民族偏爱个体性思维,这使他们在认识世界时惯于将认知对象划分为小个体。
然而,汉民族偏爱整体性思维,将世界看成一个整体。
语言深刻地反映了思维模式的这种差异,因此就形成了英语的形合特征和汉语的意合特征。
这篇论文侧重阐述语言中的形合和意合特征以及它们各种的形成原因----思维模式。
英语民族的人民惯于利用形合标志连接句子成分,而汉民族却常常应用自身的直觉来体会世界。
这篇论文将通过英译汉的翻译和统计数据来证实此观点。
[关键词] 英汉思维；对比；语言；英语；汉语1. IntroductionThe famous Whorf hypothesis thinks that languages have determining effects on modes of thought , which is formed relatively to languages and different languages will bring on different thinking p atterns.[1]p35 Liu Miqing(刘宓庆) holds the opinion that modes of thought has controlled over languages [2]p35, and languages a re the concrete manifestation of modes of thought. In my opinion, modes of thought decide the us e of languages, and the reasons how languages are influenced by modes of thought should be exa mined from their relationship.Modes of thought and languages influence and reflect each other closely. “Thinking patterns, thou ght characteristics and thinking styles are the philosophical mechanism of language production. L anguage actually attaches closely to the thought that is the profound mechanism.”[3] p166 Thinki ng patterns are the deep-rooted mechanism of the forming and developing of languages, and on th e other hand languages help to promote the forming and developing of modes of thought. Langua ge is the carrier of thinking and abstraction of reality, and mode of thought is the conscious activit y in which people’s minds reflect and realize the objective reality.[4]p36 The differences between thinking patterns are the main reasons that result in the differences of language forms, so I think th e study of the features, the transition and the relationship of languages should be started with the st udy of modes of thought which connect closely with the cultures and the languages. English-Chinese modes of thought have their own characteristics in thinking core, thinking pattern, cognition h abits and thinking principles. As a tool for communication the basic attribute of English and Chin ese are the same, so there are many similarities during the description and thinking with the two la nguages. But because of the influence of their own cultures, there are many differences between t he two languages, and based on different comparison foundation there are many different kinds of results.In this paper English-Chinese translation will be given and analyzed in details in order to understa nd the differences of the modes of thought between English and Chinese through their language m anifestations. Statistics will be given to explain the differences of English and Chinese, which is t he foundation for my analyzing of the differences of their own thinking patterns. As we know, the re are many differences between the two languages, such as hypotaxis and parataxis, passive and a ctive, static and dynamic, imperson and person. But in this passage, I will only mainly discuss fro m one point which is hypotaxis and parataxis. As Nida states in his book that study from linguisti cs, the most important different characteristic between Chinese and English is the difference of par ataxis and hypotaxis.[5]P13 LiuMiqing holds the opinion that hypotaxis and parataxis are the “uni que characteristic” for English and Chinese.[6]P13 The comparison of the difference will be desc ribed through statistical description and the deep-rooted reasons of thinking patterns will also be gi ven to explain the forming of the language difference.2. The example of the English to Chinese translation2.1 English originalWe know that clean energy technologies have great appeal to the developing world beyond the val ue we in the developed world attach to their capacity to limit climate change. Africa, for example, barely accounts for 1% of global greenhouse gas emissions. It’s not surprising then that our partn ers on this continent are more concerned with the development potential of sustainable energy. Th e price volatility of Africa’s hydrocarbon imports has played havoc with each state’s economy ove r recent decades and stymied progress. REEEP (Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Partne rship)’s support for proven renewable technologies, such as solar water heating and co-generation ---which of course rely on local products which don’t need to be imported---will greatly increase t he reliability of Africa’s energy supply, and thereby help spur development.The creating of a more even distribution of energy supply will, in turn, fuel new employment and commercial opportunities, particularly in rural areas. Renewable sources then will help to address the social inequality across the globe that we see in the currently marked and unacceptable differe nce between rich and poor nations in terms of access to and use of energy supplies. [7]P2692.2 The Chinese translation清洁性能源技术因为能够缓解气候变化而受到我们发达国家的青睐。