英美文学作品赏析17世纪英国文学共43页文档
17poetry英国17世纪诗歌
when old
(2)
World view:
The world was sick; harmony was gone;
proportion was gone; beauty was gone; order was gone; there was little to do but wait for final dissolution.
Roughness of meter and irregular rhyme John Donne is generally regarded as the
leading figure of this school.
Other members include George Herbert,
Andrew Marvell and Abraham Cowley.
III. John Donne (1572-1631)
1.
Life and career
Born to wealthy Catholic parents In his youth, he struggled between Catholicism and Protestantism.
After converting to the Church of England, he became secretary to a wealthy man who planned to advance him.
(3)
View of love:
When young, love is an animal affair, a
matter of flesh and sensation; when old, the nature of love is a perfect union of body and mind.
7 17世纪英国文学
Crisis: Your looks!
Refuse to have any more portraits of yourself painted.
Crisis: Marriage
Stay single
Marry an Englishman
Marry the Catholic Phillip of Spain to keep friends with them.
Crisis: Marriage
10
20
30
Points Points Points
Henry divorced CaWthhatehraipnpeen.ed?
Catherine of Aragon
Mary
Wife Number 2 Anne Boleyn
Queen’s maid married in secret – because Henry hadn’t got rid of his first wife yet! a daughter, Elizabeth, who also later became a Queen of England. plain-looking but intelligent. HbWeehhnearatydhheaadpd.peAnendn?e
我思断肠，伊人不臧。 弃我远去，抑郁难当。 我心相属，日久月长。 与卿相依，地老天荒。 绿袖招兮，我心欢朗。 绿袖飘兮，我心痴狂。 绿袖摇兮，我心流光。 绿袖永兮，非我新娘。 我即相偎，柔荑纤香。 我自相许，舍身何妨。 欲求永年，此生归偿。 回首欢爱，四顾茫茫。 绿袖摇兮，我心流光。 绿袖永兮，非我新娘。
I have been ready at your hand To grant whatever you would crave I have both waged life and land Your love and good will for to have Greensleeves was my heart of gold And who but my Lady Greensleeves
十七世纪英国文学
Other metaphysical poets
• George Herbert (1593-1633)
– “the saint of the metaphysical school” – 极为虔诚的国教牧师，其诗常有牵强的奇喻，晦涩难懂。 有时采取具象诗的形式表现其虔诚。 – “The Easter Wing” (具象诗)
• Later Life
• Areopagitica《论出版自由》(1644) • Defence of the English People (《为英国 人民辩护》，1651), • Second Defence of the English People (《为英国人民再辩护》，1654).
– After the restoration, in blindness he completed three great epics with the help of his daughter and some other young men. – Paradise Lost《失乐园》; Paradise Regained 《复乐园》; and Samson Agonistes《力士参孙》
• 3. Drama
– Restoration Drama – John Dryden (1631-1700)
1.3 John Milton (1608-1674)
• Life and literary career
– Early Life(1608-1640)
• Education at Cambridge • His first work: an ode On the Morning of Christ’s Nativity（《基 督诞生晨颂》，1629） • Horton: L’Allegro (《快乐的人》， 1632), Il Penseroso (《沉思的人》， 1632), Lycidas (《利西达斯》， 1638), Comus (《科玛斯》，1634). • 2 years’ travel in the Continent, returned in 1939
English literature IV-17世纪英国文学.ppt
Bourgeoisie
ceased to depend upon the protection of the Monarchy
Parliament
Background Knowledge
❖ Tudor dynasty (1485-1603) 都铎王朝 ❖ The House of Stuart (1603-1649) (1660-1714)
❖ Parliament put the king on trial. This act showed that the people, not the king, were sovereign. Charles I refused to recognize that the court was in any way legal and sat in dignified silence throughout the trial. Doing so didn’t save him. The court found Charles guilty of treason, and Cromwell himself signed the death warrant.
斯图亚特王朝 ❖ Parliament declared monopolies were illegal ❖ Charles 1st dissolved it in 1629 ❖ Civil War: 1642-1649 ❖ Charles 1st was killed
❖ Bourgeois dictatorship (1649-1660)
❖ Parliament completely reorganized its and it was this new l Army under Cromwell and Sir Thomas Fairfax that finally defeated Charles at the Battle of Naseby. The unthinkable had happened: The King had lost the war.
(完整word版)英国文学作品赏析(word文档良心出品)
英国文学作品赏析The features of Charles Dickens1. His critical realism: While sticking to the principle of faithful representation of the 18th-century realist novel, he carried the duty to the criticism of the society and the defense of the mass.2. He is a mas ter storyteller. With his first sentence, he engages the reader’s attention and holds it to the end.3. What he writes is mainly the middle and lower-middle class life in London.4. He is a master of language with a large vocabulary and an adeptness with the vernacular.5. He is a great humorist as well as a great painter of pathos. He always mingles the two to make his fictional world realistic.6. His characters are not only true to life but also large than life. There are both individual characters and type characters.II. Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre1. Theme: The novel sharply criticizes the religious hypocrisy of charity institutions like Lowood School, where girls are trained to be humble slaves. It rebukes the social discrimination and false convention about love and marriage. Besides, the novel is a moral fable. It tells us that people have to go through all kinds of physical or moral tests to obtain their final happiness.2. The character analysis of Jane Eyre: Jane Eyre is an orphan child with a fiery spirit and a longing to love and be loved. She is poor and plain, but she dares to love her master, a man superior to her in many ways, as a little governess. She is brave enough to declare to the man her love for him. She cuts a completely new women image. She represents those middle-class working women who are struggling for recognition of their basic rights and equality as a human being. III. Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Height1. The novel is an extraordinary moving love story: the passion between Heathcliff and Catherine is the most intense, beautiful, and the most horrible passions ever found among human beings.2. It is also a work of critical realism. Heathcliff is abused, rejected and distorted by the society only because he is a poor orphan of obscure parents. He suffers all kinds of inhuman treatment after the death of his benefactor. He loves Catherine dearly but forced to be separated from her. So, Heathcliff’s cruel revenge upon his enemies is justified in a way.3. The author makes clear that it is wrong to discriminate on the basis of social status, and it is cruel and destructive to break genuine, natural human passions. Although Catherine and Edgar’s marriage is ideal in the eyes of the whole neighborhood, her love for Heathcliff is hard and everlasting.I. The features of Shaw’s plays:1. Problem plays: He took the modern social issues as his subject with the aim of directing social reforms. Most of his plays are concerned with political, economic, or religious problems.2. In his characterization, he makes the tricks of showing up one character vividly at the expense of another. His characters are the representatives of ideas, which shift and alter during the play.3. The strong sense of comedy in his play are achieved through his witty dialogues, sharp satires, and vivid portrayal of characters.II. The theme of Shaw’s Mrs. Warren’s profession1. The play is not only moral, but also has a strong realistic theme. The guilt for prostitution lies more upon the social system than immoral woman. He shows all human sufferings are consequences of the economic exploitation.2. The play is a spiritual triumph for Vivie who experiences a journey from illusion to reality. At first, she is ignorant of the evil, and through a series of temptations, she understands the capitalist world better.D.H. Lawrence’s Sons and Lovers1. Theme: Sociologically, it is a novel about modern civilization, the “sickness of a whole civilization”. Psychologically, it is a case study of the Oedipus complex theory, for it deals with a son who loves the mother too dearly and hates the father too despisingly. The psychic conflict (between dark self and white self) in human relationships is the central theme of the novel.2. The character analysis of Paul Morel:He is a light, quick, slender boy. From his childhood, he is especially sensitive, artistic and imaginative, and he becomes extraordinarily dependent on his mother. When he gets older, his distorted relationship with his mother prevents him from loving girls as fully as he feels he should. Besides, Paul is also an artist, and a likeable young man adored by many girls.The features of stream of consciousness1. The unspoken thoughts and feelings of their characters are described without resorting to objective description or conventional dialogue.2. The flux of a character’s thoughts, impressions, emotions are often shown without logical sequence or syntax.Wordsworth’ poemWilliam Wordsworth was one of the greatest poets of the ages, who excelled in vivid descriptions of nature and the joy that could be derived from the beauties of nature. For much of his life he lived in the Lake District, near Grasmere Lake in "Dove Cottage".He established his reputation as a poet of great lyricism with his "Poems in Two V olumes" published in 1807; these included his famous "Daffodils" and "Ode: On the Intimations of Immortality from Recollections of Early Childhood". In 1843 he was appointed Poet Laureate. Features of his writings1. Chaacteristic of features of Romantic poetry;2. Nature and ordinary people are normally the subjects of his poems;3. Melodic in rythem;4. Full of passion;5. Lyricism in wording.I. The features of Shaw’s plays:1. Problem plays: He took the modern social issues as his subject with the aim of directing social reforms. Most of his plays are concerned with political, economic, or religious problems.2. In his characterization, he makes the tricks of showing up one character vividly at the expense of another. His characters are the representatives of ideas, which shift and alter during the play.3. The strong sense of comedy in his play are achieved through his witty dialogues, sharp satires, and vivid portrayal of characters.II. The theme of Shaw’s Mrs. Warren’s profession1. The play is not only moral, but also has a strong realistic theme. The guilt for prostitution lies more upon the social system than immoral woman. He shows all human sufferings areconsequences of the economic exploitation.2. The play is a spiritual triumph for Vivie who experiences a journey from illusion to reality. At first, she is ignorant of the evil, and through a series of temptations, she understands the capitalist world better.The Thackeray’s styleHe held the idea that the mission of art was to disclose the regime class, what’s more, he was especially good at rearing the masks wore by the aristocrat and bourgeois. His magnum opus Vanity Fair is a vivid show of an adventuress in the early 19th capital society. The way of narrating stories and cynicism formed an inimitable style.in Vanity Fair, the author makes the narration in the tone of a story-teller. The tone is friendly and casual because he acts as a character in the Vanity Fair to recount what he knows well, and it is also quite natural to insert some comments into the narration. Thackeray was such a good narrator that the narration was vivid, interesting the full of humor. The dialogues are vivid and match the characters’ identities well.Vanity Fair reveals the truth of the politics and society of the capitalist world, that is, the ugliness of the society. To depict the reality, as Thackeray said, is necessarily to expose marry unpleasant truths. He felt that the society was full of those faithless, hopeless and merciless men who were either swindlers or fools with much popularity. Novelists should make people laugh by exposing and making fun of them. Therefore, the novel Vanity Fair aims to reveal all the evils without mercy.Thackeray also pointed out selfless love could turn the coward into brave, the self-conscious into self-confident, the lazy into diligent. He said his aim of writing this gloomy story was to disclose people’s imbecility and awake them by appealingThackeray tended to probe into those characters’ minds when he was describi ng them. His constant acute observation and self analysis enabled him to perceive the moods and emotion of the characters well. He also purposefully portrayed condition that could change a person’s way of life.A good man will not necessarily succeed or do well, while successful men are often regarded as good man in the society. A man will become virtuous once he was money. So what he portrays is not a story of a man, but a panorama of a society.ThemesThe world is shown as full of all kinds of vanity, esp. snobbery, duplicity of social-climbers, and the weakness of human nature.The realistic depiction, the ironic and sarcastic tone and constant comment and criticism of the author make it a masterpiece of social criticism.Special FeaturesHe criticizes the social moral that makes up the societyHis criticism embraces people of all social strata; his social-climbers and snobs and money-grabbers can be found in any class.He always speaks in an ironical, sarcastic and cynical tone of an on-looker.He proves a conscious artist. His works are known for their fine language, careful overall planning, mastery of detail, vast scope of view and a faithfulness to the historyOde to the West Wind" is one of Shelley's best known lyrics. The poet describes vividly the activities of the west wind on the earth, in the sky and on the sea, and then expresses his envy for the boundless freedom of the west wind, and his wish to be free like the wind andto scatter his words among mankind. The ode is a lyric poem of some length, dealing with a lofty theme in a dignified manner and originally intended to be sung. The English odes are generally of three types: (1) the Pindaric ode, following the pattern originated by the ancient Greek poet Pindar,(2) the Cowley-style ode, named after Abraham Cowley, an English poet of the 17th century, and(3) the Horatian ode, named after the ancient Roman poet Horace. Shelley's "Ode to the West Wind" is of the Horatian type, i.e., with stanzas of uniform length and arrangement. Here Shelley employed the "terza rima," an Italian measure first used by Dante in his well-known poem La Divina Commedia. Here we find a variant of the original Italian pattern: five 14-lined stanzas of iambic pentameter, each ofthe stanzas containing four tercets and a closing couplet. The rime scheme is aba, bcb, cdc, ded, ee.。
英美文学作品赏析-17世纪英国文学
17th Century Literature
Historical context 17th century literature: A Survey Puritanism writers: John Milton John Bunyan John Donne & Metaphysical Poets Cavalier Poets John Dryden & Neoclassicism
斯图亚特王朝（1603-1714）
詹姆斯一世（1603－1625） 查理一世ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้1625－1649） 查理二世（1660－1685） 詹姆斯二世（1685－1688） 威廉三世（1688－1702） 玛丽二世（1688－1694） 安妮（1702－1714）
Historical Context
During Elizabeth’s reign, the monarch and the parliament were getting along with each other. During the reign of James I & Charles I, the conflict between the king and the parliament became acute. English Revolution broke out in 1642.
Rise & Fall of Metaphysical Poetry
Metaphysical poetry was rarely read in the 17th, 18th and early 19th century. In the late 19th century and early 20th century, there was a renewed interest in metaphysical poetry. The modernist poets T.S. Eliot, John Ransom and Allen Tate claimed their influence by John Donne. So John Donne became a cult figure in the early 20th century English-speaking countries.
英美文学赏析--英国文学部分
英国文学史资料British Writers and Works一.A nglo-Saxon period<Beowulf>贝奥武夫:the national epic of the Anglo-SaxonsEpic:long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated. (主题严肃，语言庄重)e.g. Homer’s Iliad and OdysseyArtistic features:ing alliteration(押头韵)（该文最大修辞特点，每行第一个词辅音韵）Definition of alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in asentence begin with the same consonant sound（辅音）ing metaphor（暗喻，隐喻）and understatementDefinition of understatement: expressing something in a controlledway Understatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express theirideas二.The Middle Ages （Medieval Ages）Geoffery Chaucer杰弗里•乔叟1340(?)~1400(首创“双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。
约翰·德莱顿（John Dryden）称其为“英国诗歌之父”The father of English poetry.first time to use ‘heroic couplet’(英雄双韵体) by middle English代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》《The Canterbury tales》。
十七世纪前期英国诗歌特点探析
文学评论・外国文学十七世纪前期英国诗歌特点探析谢春月 四川师范大学外国语学院摘 要：十七世纪前期有不少具有影响力的作家和流派，在詹姆斯一世继位到复辟时期之前的六十年间，英国诗歌呈现出与文艺复兴截然不同的特色。
这时期的文学作品语言更加简洁直接、具有广袤的时空维度，由于科学的冲击，这些作品也表现出矛盾和容忍的特质。
关键词：十七世纪前期；英国文学；特点；诗歌；风格作者简介：谢春月（1991-），女，汉族，四川富顺人，四川师范大学外国语学院硕士研究生，研究方向：英美文学。
[中图分类号]：I106 [文献标识码]：A[文章编号]：1002-2139(2016)-26-108-02一、引言在伊丽莎白时期，由于深受文艺复兴影响，文学作品十分强调艺术效果，富含细腻的描写和修饰性的语言，多运用丰富的表达方式。
在十七世纪前期，越来越多人开始创作篇幅短小、简洁的作品。
由于当时许多有影响力的作家都处于壮年时期，创作出了许多极其优秀的作品。
比如培根以他富含逻辑和立场主观的散文极大地推动了英国现代哲学的发展；本・琼生的讽刺散文启示了后来的小说家，如乔纳森・斯威夫特和丹尼尔・笛福；以约翰・邓恩、乔治・赫伯特、安德鲁・马维尔为先导人物的玄学派启蒙了一批二十世纪文学家。
在这一时期，女性作家也开始崛起，在六十年代期间，英国文学史上最重要的史诗之一，约翰・弥尔顿的《失乐园》也正在酝酿之中。
十七世纪前期处于从文艺复兴到复辟时期的过渡时期，这时的英国文学显示出过渡时期的特点。
本文试从语言特色、思想特点和画面特征分析该时期诗歌的特点并试分析造成该特点的影响因素。
二、简洁性和直接性在十六世纪末，伊丽莎白时期如斯宾塞和马洛一般重要的作家已经停止创作，长篇的寓言诗和浪漫诗已经减少，读者对篇幅较长且富有装饰性语言的作品的偏爱渐转移到短小精悍的作品。
并且，在清教传统和哲学思想的影响下，人们的思维变得简洁直接。
在十七世纪，写作还未成为一项专门的职业，不足以作为谋生的手段。