2022-2023学年北京市丰台区高三一模语文试卷(含答案解析)
2022-2023学年北京市丰台区高三一模语文试卷阅读下面的材料，完成下列小题。
材料一1950年，“图灵测试”给出判定机器是否具有智能的方法，即机器是否能够模仿人类的思维方式来生成内容继而与人交互。
某种程度来说，人工智能从那时起就被寄予了用于内容创造的期许。
随着数据快速积累、算力性能提升和算法效力增强，今天的人工智能已经可以进行写作、编曲等创意工作。
人工智能越来越多地被应用于内容创作，AIGC的概念随之悄然兴起。
从创作者的角度看,机器内容生态的发展大致可以分成四个阶段:专业生成内容(PGC)、用户生成内容(UGC)、AI辅助生产内容、AI生成内容(AIGC)。
目前，对于AIGC这一概念，尚无统一规范的定义。
国内产学研各界大都认为，AIGC是继专业生成内容和用户生成内容之后，利用人工智能技术自动生成内容的新型生产方式。
AI绘画、AI写作等都属于AIGC的应用分支。
2022年8月，AI自动生成的画作《太空歌剧院》获得了数字艺术类冠军。
该画作恢宏细腻的画风很难让人相信它是由AI自动生成的作品，而它的夺冠也大大冲击了人们过往对于“人工智能的创造力远逊于人”的固有认知。
自此，AIGC从看似遥远的概念逐步以生动有趣的方式走入人们的生活。
11月30日，微软旗下的OpenAI发布了名为ChatGPT的超级AI语言模型，再次引爆人们对于AIGC的讨论热潮。
ChatGPT不仅可以理解并回答用户的问题，还能完成一些复杂任务，包括按照特定文风撰写诗歌、假扮特定角色对话、修改错误代码等。
此外，因为ChatGPT被加入了预先设计的“道德”准则，即人类反馈强化学习(RLHF)技术，所以它还能表现出一些人类特质，例如承认自己的错误、按照设定的道德准则拒绝不怀好意的请求等。
上线短短几个月，ChatGPT 即火爆全网，并影响着人们惯有的参与生产、生活的模式和框架，有些行业已然将ChatGPT等相关技术融入并应用于现有工作或生产中。
在智能创作时代，创作者生产力的提升主要表现为三个方面：代替创作中的重复工作或重复环节，提升创作效率；借助人工智能，创作者可以找寻创作灵感与思路；综合海量预训练的数据，并结合模型中引入的随机性，创作者可以生产出过去无法想出的杰出创意。
目前AIGC在很多方面仍存在巨大挑战或争议。
但不管怎样，我们必须承认AIGC的发展趋势无法阻挡，而人类的创造物终究会帮助人类自身的发展。
AIGC无疑是一种内容生产力的变革，会将世界送入智能创作时代。
(取材于杜雨、张孜铭等人的文章)材料二相较于用户生成内容，AIGC最大的不同是新技术驱动了机器智能创作内容。
这使得AIGC具有显著的技术特征。
AIGC具有超强的想象力和创作能力，这些能力是计算机在海量数据的基础上学习和模拟生成的，每一幅AI画作背后都是不计其数的标注数据和训练数据。
CNN（卷积神经网络）和Transformer大模型的流行成功使深度学习模型参数量跃升至亿级，由此带来的数据巨量化，推动了AIGC发展的进程。
如ChatGPT的训练就使用了约45TB的数据，其中包含了多达近1万亿个单词的文本内容，约等于4500万本《红楼梦》的内容。
有了巨量数据的加持，创造力成为AIGC最吸引用户的特色。
借助海量语料库，AI工具仿佛超级画手或作曲家一样生成出指定风格的图像、音乐或视频。
例如NST（神经风格迁移算法）利用CNN识别图像内容表征和风格表征，并在特定神经网络层对图像进行重构，这就使AI工具能够模仿特定风格的艺术作品，在此基础上而创造相应风格的艺术作品。
随着AIGC技术的持续进步，内容生产将向更具想象力、创造力的方向发展。
跨模态融合是AIGC重要发展目标之一。
跨模态生成的本质是文本、视觉、听觉乃至脑电等不同模态的知识融合，覆盖图文、视频、数字人、机器人等更多场景。
2022年，“AI画家”度晓晓创作的“无界”系列作品使用了“百度文心”大模型跨模态图文生成模型ERNIE-ViLG，这一模型具备了领先的跨模态理解和生成能力。
拥有一定程度的认知和交互能力，是AIGC发展的趋势。
在用户感知方面，AIGC逐步向认知智能发展，可根据用户个性化需求生成个性化内容，如集成ChatGPT的搜索引擎“新必应”在进行搜索时，将推送更加精准、人性化的定制答案；在交互界面方面，AIGC技术支持多模态内容生成，可实现音视听等多感官自然交互，提供沉浸式体验，如AIGC+数字人可实现人机智能交互等。
随着科技的发展，人工智能技术一次又一次地超越了人们认为无法达到的极限。
今天的ChatGPT又刷新了人类的认知。
据报道，有多所美国名校的学生用ChatGPT代替自己写论文或完成考试，有人要求ChatGPT删除信用报告中的不良账户，“ChatGPT引发十大职业危机”“ChatGPT 将对教育行业的教学内容和教学方法产生挑战和颠覆”等话题也频上热搜。
伴随其热度的飙升，质疑和争议也随之而来。
如何保证ChatGPT内容的真实性、正确性和时效性？未来人们是否将生活在一个无法辨别信息真伪的世界里？未来人类是否会因过于依赖机器而使自己变得愚蠢？AIGC 产生的作品版权属于谁？这一个个问号都是需要我们警惕和深思的。
而围绕ChatGPT等AIGC应用产生的诸多商业伦理、技术伦理甚至人文伦理的争议，更该引起人们的关注。
坚持AI向善，守住AI伦理，应是从事AIGC的原则和底线。
特别是当人工智能走向人格化、具备了某种程度的“自我意识”时，我们就更需要积极倡导合法合理的使用，以确保技术的健康发展和正确的社会应用。
面对尚在探索中的AIGC，我们需要明确，技术不是目的，追求更好的世界、更美好的生活才是目的。
(取材于李白杨、詹新惠等人的文章)1. 根据材料一，下列理解和分析，正确的一项是（）A. AIGC的兴起，推动了机器在数据积累、算力性能和算法效力等方面能力的发展。
B. AIGC是一种属于用户生成内容的新型生产方式，AI绘画、AI写作是其应用分支。
C. 《太空歌剧院》因冲击了“人工智能的创造力远逊于人”的固有认知而获得冠军。
D. 人类反馈强化学习(RLHF)技术的加入，使得ChatGPT能够表现出一些人类特质。
2. 根据材料二，下列不．属．于．AIGC显著的技术特征的一项是（）A. 内容模仿力B. 跨模态融合C. 认知能力D. 交互能力3. 根据材料一和材料二，下列应用场景不．符．合．智能创作时代“创作者生产力的提升”主要表现的一项是（）A. ChatGPT可以为教学课程提供创意思路，并代替教师回答学生重复性的问题。
B. ChatGPT与人类连续进行对话和交流的时候，可以生成与问题不相关的答案。
C. ERNIE-ViLG可应用于工业设计、动漫设计、摄影艺术等场景，激发创作灵感。
D. ERNIE-ViLG能够根据文字描述，生成现实世界当中没有的具有创造性的图像。
4. 根据材料一和材料二，下列分析与推断，不．正．确．的一项是（）A. ChatGPT在完成假扮特定角色对话、修改错误代码等复杂任务时，使用了海量数据。
B. 画风恢宏细腻的AI画作《太空歌剧院》可能是利用NST技术生成制作的艺术作品。
C. “新必应”推送人性化定制答案，会影响人们某些惯有的参与生产、生活的模式。
D. AIGC已迈向人格化的阶段，并具备“自我意识”，未来将保持持续向上的发展趋势。
5. 文中说“AIGC无疑是一种生产力的变革”，那么我们该如何对待人工智能这样的变革？请结合两则材料加以概括。
阅读下面文言文，完成下列小题。
议法古者以仁义行法律，后世以法律行仁义。
夫三代[1]之圣王，其教化之本出于学校，蔓延于天下，而形见于礼乐。
下民被其风化，务为仁义，以．求避法律之所禁。
故其法律虽不用，而其所禁亦不为不行于其间。
至于汉、唐，其教化不足以动民，而一于．法律，故其民惧法律之．及其身，亦或相勉为仁义。
唐为《刑统》，毫厘轻重，明辩别白，附以仁义，无所阿曲。
但不能先使民务为仁义，使法律之所禁不用而自行如三代时。
然要．其终，亦能使民勉为仁义。
而其所以不若三代者，则有由矣：政之失，非法之罪也。
是以宋有天下，因而循之，变其节目而存其大体。
比闾[2]小吏奉之．以公，则老奸大猾束手请死，不可漏略。
然而狱．讼常病多，盗贼常病众者，则亦有由矣：法之公而吏之私也。
而况法律之间又不能无失，其何以．为治?今夫天子之子弟，卿大夫与其子弟，皆天子之所优异者。
有罪而使与氓隶并笞而偕戮，则．大臣蒙耻而朝廷轻，故有赎焉，所以自尊也，非与其有罪也。
夫刑者，必痛之而后人畏焉;罚者不能痛之，必困之而后人惩．焉。
今也，大辟[3]之诛，输一石之金而免。
贵人近戚之家，一石之金不可胜数，且不笞不戮，彼已幸矣，而赎之又轻，是启奸也。
夫罪固有疑，今有人或诬以杀人而不能自明者，有诚杀人而官不能折以实者，是皆不可以诚杀人之法坐。
由是有减罪之律，当死而流。
使彼为不能自明者邪，去死而得流，刑已酷矣;使彼为诚杀人者邪，流而不死，刑已宽矣：是失实也。
今也贵人近戚皆赎，而疑罪不与，莫若皆重赎。
彼贵人虽号为富强，苟数犯法而数重困于赎金之间，则不能不敛手畏法。
彼罪疑者，虽或非其辜．，而法亦不至残溃其肌体;若其有罪，则．法虽不刑，而彼固亦已困于．赎金矣。
夫使有罪者不免于困，而无辜者不至陷于笞戮，一举而两利。
斯智者之为也。
（取材于《苏洵集》）【注】[1]三代：夏商周三朝。
[2]比闾：乡里。
[3]大辟：死刑，古代五刑之一。
6. 下列对句中加点词语的解释，不．正．确．的一项是（）A. 然要．其终要：总括B. 然而狱．讼常病多狱：案件C. 必困之而后人惩．焉惩：惩处D. 虽或非其辜．辜：罪责7. 下列各组语句中，加点词的意义和用法都相同的一组是（）A. 以．求避法律之所禁其何以．为治B. 而一于．法律而彼固亦已困于．赎金矣C. 比闾小吏奉之．以公故其民惧法律之．及其身D. 则．大臣蒙耻而朝廷轻则．法虽不刑8. 下列对文中语句的理解，不．正．确．的一项是（）A. 变其节目而存其大体改变了一些条目，保留了它的基本内容B. 必痛之而后人畏焉一定要痛恨有罪者并使后世之人畏惧C. 是皆不可以诚杀人之法坐这些都不可用制裁真正杀人者的法律定罪D. 而疑罪不与而证据不足的疑犯却不在赎罪之列9. 根据文意，下列理解和推断，不．正．确．的一项是（）A. 夏商周三代教化突出，虽有法却可不用，说明仁义廉耻是其立法的价值内核。
B. 唐代的法令细致明晰，所以虽然法律没有施行，也能使百姓尽力奉行仁义。
C. 宋代虽然沿袭唐代法令，但官吏偏私，法有漏洞，致使违法事件常有发生。
D. 古代对疑罪者施以减罪之律和现代的“疑罪从无”，都是司法人性化的体现。
10. 苏洵主张“莫若皆重赎”，请结合第三、四段内容概述其提出这一主张的依据，并对这一主张作简要评价。
2022-2023学年北京市丰台区高一(下)期中考试语文试卷(含答案)
2022-2023学年北京市丰台区高一（下）期中考试语文试卷阅读下面材料，回答问题。
一、书法艺术的产生产生于商代中后期的甲骨文，笔画均为单线条，瘦挺有力，时露锋芒。
这些最早的汉字遗迹已具备了书法的用笔、章法、结字三要素,奠定了我国书法艺术的基础，标志着我国书法艺术的产生。
商周时期出现的金文或称“钟鼎文”，整齐且笔画粗壮，起笔、收笔及运转比甲骨文圆润，曲直变化丰富。
成熟的金文外形偏长，每字的大小匀称，各部分讲究呼应与配合，从金文遗迹看，书法的艺术性已逐渐丰富起来。
春秋战国时期，国家分裂、社会动荡，各诸侯国在不同的艺术追求下，朝着各自的审美趋向发展，形成了书法艺术百花齐放的局面。
如果说甲骨文、金文的主流始终是沿着刀刻、凿铸道路发展，那么，春秋战国时期，毛笔开始在书法上广泛应用。
毛笔表现力丰富，特别是内蕴的笔法技巧，构成了以后中国书法的重要要素──书者的情性、审美趣味、用笔技巧等。
从尚存的这一时期的“石鼓”拓片中看，结字比金文有更大的规律性，笔画遒劲，结构浑厚，对后代的书法风格影响极大。
二、书法艺术的发展秦统一后，秦始皇下令“书同文”，小篆逐渐普及并成为官方文字。
文字的统一，为书法艺术的成熟奠定了基础。
从李斯的《泰山石刻》看，小篆具有字形扁长、笔画多为孤线、结构复杂的特点，作为官方文字不便速写。
于是，结构较为简单、笔画把圆转成方折、便于迅速书写的隶书应运而生。
到了汉代，隶书逐渐占据统治地位，成为官方标准字体，并且进入了定型化时期。
汉代隶书笔画平直，结构简便，顿挫明显，适应了时代发展的要求，从用笔到结字所形成的风格，既庄重严整，又变化多姿。
这种字体，上承篆书和古隶，下启楷书，用笔通行、草。
所以隶书在书法艺术上有继往开来的重要地位。
人们在使用文字时，总是希望文字好认一些，写得简便一些，尤其在事务急迫繁忙之时更是如此。
在由篆到隶的演化中，由于毛笔快写和笔法发展的缘故，草书便产生了。
隶法解体后，写得严谨些的就成了真书（楷书），写得奔放些的就成了草书，介乎真、草之间的就是行书。
北京市部分区中考语文一模试卷分类汇编：文言文阅读
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注：①[苏颋]唐朝大臣、文学家。②[杂处]住在一起。③[旋吹火光]把暗的灰烬再吹出火光来。
④[贾逵]汉末三国时期曹魏名臣。⑤[牒]书籍。⑥[扉]门扇。
有些古人的读书条件非常艰苦。宋濂求学时无书可观，无“①”，无鲜衣美食之享，但他学习勤奋专注；苏颋读书无灯烛，但他②；贾逵读书③，但他明惠善学。这三个人的经历启示我们：④。
A.班师回朝B.为人师表C.三人行，必有我师D.前事不忘，后事之师
15.下列对文中画线句的翻译和理解，有误的一项是（ ）（2分）
【甲】肉食者谋之，又何间焉？
翻译：当权者会谋划这件事，你又何必去参与呢？
理解：曹刿的同乡劝他不要进见鲁庄公，是因为同乡认为鲁庄公和高官们见识非常浅陋，曹刿难以劝说成功。
【乙】衣食所安，弗敢专也。
（节选自司马光《训俭示康》
材料二
时新政日下，钱于其间，每因法以便民，民赖以安。徙知密州。司农④行手实法⑤，不时施行者以违制⑥论。轼谓提举官日：“违制之坐⑦，若自朝廷，谁敢不从？今出于司农，是擅造律也。”提举官惊曰：“公姑徐之。”未几，朝廷知法害民，罢之⑧。
（选自《汉书·李广苏建传》）
注：①[单于]是匈奴人对他们部落联盟首领的专称。②[武]苏武，西汉时期杰出的外交家。汉武帝时奉命以中郎将持节出使匈奴，被扣留十九年，至汉昭帝方获释归汉。③[旃]毛织品。④[羝]公羊。⑤[常惠]西汉杰出的外交家，苏武的副使。⑥[汉节]汉代使臣所持的节，由皇帝授予，是国家的象征，保护它也体现出对国家忠贞的感情。
16.“人无远虑，必有近忧。”长勺之战，鲁国以弱胜强，离不开曹刿的远见。阅读上文和下面两则材料，分别说说“远见”在曹刿、张文节和苏轼身上的记①时，所亲或规之曰：“公今受估俸不少，而自奉若此。公虽自信清约，外人颇有公孙布被②之讥，公宜少从众。”公叹曰：“吾今日之俸，虽举家锦衣玉食，何患不能？顾③人之常情，由俭入奢易，由奢入俭难。吾今日之俸岂能常有？身岂能常存？一旦异于今日，家人习奢已久,不能顿俭,必致失所。岂若吾居位、去位、身存、身亡，常如一日乎？”
2022-2023学年北京市东城区高三一模语文试题(含答案解析)
2022-2023学年北京市东城区高三一模语文试题阅读下面材料，完成各题。
材料一随着陆地油气资源日益减少，人们将目光投向海洋。
海洋蕴藏着地球34 %以上的石油和天然气资源，但海洋环境恶劣，油气钻采需要科技含量更高的设备，海洋石油钻井平台是其中关键设备之一。
海洋石油钻井平台一般分为固定式平台和移动式平台两种。
固定式平台包括坐底式、导管架式等，移动式平台包括自升式、半潜式等。
其中，导管架平台具有甲板面积大、可变载荷大、结构安全可靠等优点。
世界上第一座设备齐全的钢质导管架平台，于1947年在美国墨西哥湾水深6米处成功安装。
此后，导管架平台数量迅速增加。
导管架平台主要由导管架、桩和上部结构三部分组成。
其中导管架和桩，通常称为支撑结构。
按腿柱数量分类，导管架通常有以下九种形式：三腿柱导管架、四腿柱导管架、八腿柱导管架。
此外，还有十二腿柱导管架、十六腿柱导管架等。
例如，259米水深的Hondo平台是八腿，313米水深的Cognoc平台是十二腿。
导管架的外形类似细长形的金字塔，腿越多，底座相对越稳固，但也更费钢材，体积也更大。
整个导管架在陆上预制完成，运至海上采油处再定位、安装、合拢。
这大大地减少了海上的工作量，提高了效率，降低了成本。
导管架平台通常用于浅水海域油气资源开发。
但海洋中蕴藏的油气资源有近一半埋于超过300米的深海之下。
300米水深是油气行业划分浅水与深水的界限。
随着水深增加，油气勘探开发技术难度和所需投入也会呈几何倍数增长。
目前，在世界范围内数千座导管架平台中，仅有9座导管架高度超过300米。
我国海上石油开发始于上世纪60年代末期的渤海湾地区，水深局限在20米。
80 年代末期，开始在南海100米水深范围内勘探和生产。
南海是世界上最有前景而又尚未大规模开采的油气资源区，油气田大多在300 米～500米水深范围内。
我国现有导管架平台约300座，最早的是1985年投产的渤海埕北油田，水深在16米左右；2014年投产的荔湾3-1平台是当时亚洲最大的导管架平台，水深达到了190米。
2022-2023学年北京市西城区高三(上)期末语文试卷(含答案解析)
2022-2023学年北京市西城区高三（上）期末语文试卷阅读下面材料，完成问题。
材料一ㅤㅤ2022年9月29日，C919大型客机取得中国民用航空局型号合格证，标志着我国已经具备按照国际通行适航标准研制生产大型客机的能力，这是我国大飞机事业征程上的重要里程碑。
ㅤㅤ商用飞机作为人类有史以来最复杂的工业产品之一，前后关涉上百万个零部件，被称为“现代工业皇冠上的明珠”。
长期以来，全球大飞机市场被空客和波音两大巨头垄断。
制造中国自己的大飞机，考量的是中国自主创新的信心、勇气和水平。
ㅤㅤC919大型客机是我国首次按照国际通行适航标准自行研制、具有自主知识产权的喷气式干线客机，最大载客人数192人，最大航程5555公里。
其于2007年立项，2017年首飞。
首飞成功后，先后投入6架试飞机和两架地面试验机，分别在阎良、南昌、东营、锡林浩特、吐鲁番以及敦煌等地进行了试飞取证工作，直到今年8月1日宣布完成取证试飞。
这就意味着，C919已经获得了进入民用航空运输的“入场券”。
ㅤㅤ过去十年，中国制造迈向高端，新型举国体制优势凸显。
C919大型客机是我国第一款真正意义上的民航大飞机，全国24个省市、1000余家企事业单位、30万人参与了研制工作。
以C919为代表，大国重器亮点纷呈、制造业迈向高端的事实，无不体现出新型举国体制的独特优势。
ㅤㅤ举国体制是特殊的资源配置与组织方式，由政府统筹调配全国资源力量，达成相应目标任务。
新型举国体制是以原有举国体制为基础的继承与创新。
发展到今天，新型举国体制有了新的核心任务——关键核心技术攻关；也有了新的目标定位——在若干重要领域形成竞争优势、赢得战略主动。
ㅤㅤ在C919的研发过程中，国内数十所高校参与开展技术攻关和研发，建立了多专业融合、多团队协同、多技术集成的协同科研平台。
通过C919等国产民用项目，我国掌握了5大类、20个专业、6000多项民用飞机技术，加快了新材料、现代制造等领域关键技术的突破。
2022年北京市丰台区初三(第1次)模拟考试语文试卷
2022年北京市丰台区初三（第1次）模拟考试语文试卷一、默写（本大题共1小题，共10.0分）1.默写。
（1）予独爱，濯清涟而不妖。
（周敦颐《爱莲说》）（2）马作的卢飞快，。
（辛弃疾《破阵子·为陈同甫赋壮词以寄之》）（3）提到奇丽壮阔的塞外风光，你能联想到的诗句是“，”。
（本试卷中出现的诗句除外。
每句诗中允许有一个不会写的字用拼音替代）二、诗歌鉴赏（本大题共1小题，共10.0分）2.过零丁洋文天祥辛苦遭逢起一经，干戈寥落四周星。
山河破碎风飘絮，身世浮沉雨打萍。
惶恐滩头说惶恐，零丁洋里叹零丁。
人生自古谁无死？留取丹心照汗青。
(1) 诗歌领联运用了比喻的修辞方法，用“风飘絮”比喻①__________，用“雨打萍”比喻自己身世坎坷，将国家命运和个人命运紧密结合。
诗歌颈联巧妙地运用了地名与情感的双关，写出了形势的险恶和②__________。
(2) 有同学用《论语》中“三军可夺帅也，匹夫不可夺志也”一句来评价文天祥，你认为合适吗？请结合诗句说明理由。
三、文言文阅读（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）3.三峡郦道元自三峡七百里中，两岸连山，略无阙处。
重岩叠嶂，隐天蔽日，自非亭午夜分，不见曦月。
至于夏水襄陵，沿溯阻绝。
或王命急宣，有时朝发白帝，暮到江陵，其间千二百里，虽乘奔御风，不以疾也。
春冬之时，则素湍绿潭，回清倒影，绝巘多生怪柏，悬泉瀑布，飞漱其间，清荣峻茂，良多趣味。
每至晴初霜旦，林寒涧肃，常有高猿长啸，属引凄异，空谷传响，哀转久绝。
故渔者歌曰：“巴东三峡巫峡长，猿鸣三声泪沾裳。
”记承天寺夜游苏轼元丰六年十月十二日夜，解衣欲睡，月色入户，欣然起行。
念无与为乐者，遂至承天寺寻张怀民。
怀民亦未寝，相与步于中庭。
庭下如积水空明，水中藻、荇交横，盖竹柏影也。
何夜无月？何处无竹柏？但少闲人如吾两人者耳。
(1) 下列选项中加点字的意思都相同的一项是（）A. 沿溯阻绝．络绎不绝．精妙绝．伦悬崖绝．壁B. 月色入户．夜不闭户．安家落户．家喻户．晓C. 不以疾．也奋笔疾．书眼疾．手快大声疾．呼D. 步．于中庭邯郸学步．昂首阔步．步．履蹒跚(2) 下列对文中画线句的翻译和理解，全都正确的一项是（）【甲】重岩叠嶂，隐天蔽日，自非亭午夜分，不见曦月。
2022-2023学年北京市丰台区高三(第1次)模拟考试英语试卷+答案解析(附后)
2022-2023学年北京市丰台区高三（第1次）模拟考试英语试卷It had been an interesting soccer match. Jerry was so absorbed in it thateveryone (1) his passion for sports. He also developed a (2) attitude towards acquiring such a soccer uniform. Whatever he desires, he asks his parents to purchase it in a split of seconds."Mom, I want a soccer uniform," he begged his mother."OK," said his mother, "but you need to have (3) ."The days passed by, but he got no (4) from his parents. His dream seemed to collapse. However, Jerry never gave up his idea. He kept thinking how toachieve it as early as possible. A sparkling idea struck his mind. Hecould (5) one of his T-shirts, but what if his mother saw and scolded(责备)?Though anxious, he finally made up his mind.He drew a circle with the help of a bowl and modified the soccer image onto the T-shirt. He also took (6) to avoid the spread of color onto the other side of it. It was a remarkable piece of work."Jerry! What are you doing?" his mother suddenly appeared."I may not get the uniform, but I can try to paint the image on my T-shirt, I thought." He was (7) to face his mother. But out of his expectation, hismother (8) him for his work ignoring the mistake. She did not mind the T-shirt in the presence of the idea of painting."It's OK," said Mom."If we had fulfilled your every want, your inborn (9) would have been hidden. You wouldn't have thought of other alternative in getting the uniform.That adds to your (10) to achieve your goal," she said."Thank you, Mom." He ran playfully.1. A. controlled B. sensed C. supported D.expected2. A. thirsty B. realistic C. cautious D. selfish3. A. confidence B. motivation C. inspiration D. patience4. A. decision B. response C. judgment D. recognition5. A. purchase B. exchange C. paint D. sew6. A. interest B. energy C. courage D. care7. A. eager B. surprised C. afraid D. relieved8. A. appreciated B. blamed C. rewarded D. thanked9. A. taste B. fondness C. talent D. fear10. A. willpower B. honesty C. responsibility D. tolerance11. AWang was born and grew up in America, but she (1) (build) solid ties with Chinese culture since she was a little girl. She is now riding a new trend: mixing and matching modern clothes with traditional Han dress, or hanfu. She has been posting videos of (2) (she) dressed in hanfu on the Internet, which has attracted many fans on Chinese lifestyle. "I love hanfu. I've made many videos, (3) (aim) to help more people learn about it," Wang told Beijing Review.BEngineers invented a new device to produce solar electricity at night. Solar panels transform sunlight into energy, so they (4) (traditional) work only during daylight hours. This device, however, (5) (use) a thermometric generator, which creates energy from differences in temperature. In this case, cool evening air is a slightly different temperature than the solar cell in the panel. That becomes energy (6) is transformed into electricity. The device could be helpful in areas (7) (locate) far from a power grid(电网).CA study showed how much dogs love their owners. In the experiment, the researchers first measured how many tears (8) (produce) by dogs when they were just spending time at home with their owners. The team then repeated the experiment, this time with dogs that were reunited with theirowners (9) being apart for five hours. The results showed dogs only shed tears during the reunions. The team now wants to find out (10) dogs have a similar emotional response when reunited with other dogs.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)CGive a little sunshine!The Council on Aging (COA) runs a telephone friendship project called the Sunshine Call Program, matching over-60s with a friendly volunteer for a daily chat over the phone. The aim is simple—to help ease the loneliness and repair social networks.Sheila, 77, a retired teacher, lived alone. She has been receiving calls from Rianne, a volunteer, for over two months."Talking to Rianne is something I really look forward to —a breathof fresh air. We talk about everything—theatre, her work, books we've read...Listening to someone else's life enriches you and gives you something positive to focus on.""At the beginning, I had no expectation of how the phone callswould go, but it's wonderful that it's led to a genuine friendship.Rianne helps me a lot..."Are you ready to add a little sunshine to a senior's life?The Sunshine Call Program initially links a volunteer with an isolate(独居的) senior for a daily call. When comfortable the volunteer introduces a second senior to the call. Then another, until there are four seniors to one volunteer on what is essentially a conference call. Without having to leave the house, you will help the seniors meet and make new friends. They will then exchange phone numbers to chat on their own and reduce their isolation.What are the volunteer qualifications?Volunteers must have access to the Internet and be willing to be trained on the use of a chat app. COA will provide all supplies required to make the calls. Besides, volunteers must agree to participate in monthly meetings with other volunteers and guest speakers. All volunteers must be willing to provide a recent Criminal Record Check, the cost of which will be borne by COA. And the most important volunteer qualification is a sense of caring and a desire to help seniors in the community!If you wish to volunteer with our Sunshine Call program, never hesitate! Just CLICK HERE to fill out the application form.12. Why does the passage mention Sheila's experience?A. To show her lonelinessB. To share a sweet memory.C. To stress the value of COA.D. To praise Rianne's kindness.13. One of the responsibilities of volunteers is ______.A. making weekly calls to seniorsB. visiting seniors during holidaysC. introducing new friends to seniorsD. teaching seniors to use smart phones14. If you want to be a volunteer, what are you required to do?A. Learn the use of a chat app.B. Prepare a computer by yourself.C. Offer a letter of recommendation.D. Have relevant working experience.15. What is the purpose of the passage?A. To inform the readers of COA.B. To invite seniors to sign up for COAC. To introduce volunteer work in COA.D. To advertise for new volunteers for COA.DThis was the first communication that had come from, her aunt in Jessie's lifetime. "I think your aunt has forgiven me at last," her father said as he passed the letter across the table.Jessie looked first at the autograph(签名). It seemed strange to see her own name there. There was a likeness between her aunt's autograph and her own, a hint of the same decisiveness and precision. If Jessie had been educated fifty years earlier, she might have written her name in just that manner."You're very like her in some ways," her father said, as she still stared at the autograph."I should think you must almost have forgotten what Aunt Jessie was like, dear," she said, "How many years is it since you last saw her?""More than forty," her father said. "We disagreed. We invariably disagreed. Jessie always prided herself on being so modern. She read Darwin and things like that. Altogether beyond me, I admit.""And so it seems that she wants to see me." Jessie straightened her shoulders and lifted her head. She was excited at the thought of meeting this mythical aunt whom she had so often heard about. Sometimes she had wondered if the personality of thisremarkable relative had not been a figment(虚构) of her father's imagination.But this letter of hers that now lay on the breakfast table was admirable in character. There was something of intolerance expressed in its tone. It was just like what her father had told her.Mr. Deane came out of his past memories with a sigh."Yes, yes; she wants to see you, my dear," he said. "I've heard she has set up a school and helped many youngsters...I think you had better accept this invitation to say with her. If she took a fancy to you, you could get a better education..."He sighed again, and Jessie knew that for the hundredth time he was regretting his own past weakness...16. How was the relationship between Jessie's father and her aunt?A. It remained very close over the years.B. It was broken when they were young.C. It got tenser due to a misunderstanding.D. It was uneasy for their financial differences.17. From the passage, we know Jessie was ______.A. eager to meet her auntB. cautious about her aunt's invitationC. angry with her aunt for ignoring her familyD. puzzled by her aunt's sudden interest in her18. What can we learn from the passage?A. Jessie's aunt promised to offer her better education.B. Jessie's aunt's personality seemed to change a lot.C. Jessie's and her aunt were different in personality.D. Jessie's father felt sorry for what he had done.EMany people would answer the question of what makes us human by insisting that we are cultural beings. There is no doubt that we are. But one definition of culture is the totality of traditions acquired in a community by social learning from other individuals, and many animal species have traditions. Can we then say that some animals are cultural beings too?One approach to study culture in animals is the so-called Method of Exclusion(排除), in which scientists investigate behavioral variations across populations of one species. In a famous study, scientists learned that chimpanzee(黑猩猩) behaviors were socially passed on as they were present at some sites but not at others, despitehaving same ecological settings. For example, chimpanzees in Tai National Park in Ivory Coast are well-known for their nut-cracking skills. Chimpanzees in Gombe National Park in Tanzania, on the other hand, do not crack nuts, although nuts exist in their environment too.However, when applying the Method of Exclusion, one has to be very careful. There are other factors that could also explain the pattern of behavioral variation. For example, some of the chimpanzee techniques scientists evaluated occur in only one of the three subspecies. So it's quite possible that these behaviors also have an innate component. This would mean that one chimpanzee subspecies uses a new technique not out of cultural tradition, but because the behavior is fixed to specific genes. Another factor that has to be excluded is of course the environment. Chimpanzees in Mahale do not fish algae(水藻), simply because algae does not exist there.But when we exclude all the variations that can be explained by genes or environment, we still find that animals do show cultural variations. Does that mean there is no real difference between them and us after all? Not exactly. There is a fundamental difference between human and animal culture. Only humans can build culturally on what generations before us have learned. This is called "cumulative culture". We don't have to keep reinventing the wheel. This is called the "ratchet(棘轮) effect". Like a ratchet that can be turned forward but not back, people's cultural techniques evolve.It is likely that behaviors we see today in chimpanzee cultures could be invented over and over again by individual animals themselves. In contrast, a child born today would not be able to invent a computer without the knowledge of many past generations.19. Why does the author mention the example of the chimpanzees in two parksin Paragraph 2?A. To prove that culture does exist in animals.B. To justify the uniqueness of the research method.C. To compare how chimpanzees behave in different parks.D. To stress the importance of environment in studying culture.20. What does the underlined word "innate" in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Advanced.B. Inborn.C. Adaptive.D. Intelligent.21. What can we learn from the passage?A. Cumulative culture is what sets humans apart from animals.B. Culture in animals is as worthy to be valued as human culture.C. Animals donˈt have the ability to invent behaviors in a community.D. The "ratchet effect" decides if humans can build on past experiences.FWhen Elinor Lobel was 16, a "smart" insulin(胰岛素) pump was attached to her body. Powered by AI, it tracks her glucose levels and administers the right dose of insulin at the right time to keep her healthy. It is one of the new ways that data and AI can help improve lives.Books that criticize the dark side of data are plentiful. They generally suggest there is much more to fear than fete in the algorithmic(算法的) age.But the intellectual tide may be turning. One of the most persuasive supporters of a more balanced view is Elinor Lobel's mother, Orly, a law professor. In The Equality Machine she acknowledges AI's capacity to produce harmful results. But she shows how, in the right hands, it can also be used to fight inequality and discrimination.A principle of privacy rules is "minimization": collect and keep as little information as possible, especially in areas such as race and Render. Ms Lobel flips the script, showing how in hiring, pay and the legal system, knowing such characteristics leads to fairer outcomes.Ms Lobel's call to use more, not less, personal information challengesdata-privacy orthodoxy(正统观念). But she insists that "tracking difference is key to detecting unfairness." She advocates a loosening of privacy rules to provide more transparency(透明) over algorithmic decisions.The problems with algorithmic formulae(公式) are tackled in depth in Escape from Model Land by Erica Thompson of the School of Economics. These statistical models are the backbone of big data and AI. Yet a perfect model will always be beyond reach. "All models are wrong," runs a wise saying. "Some are useful."Ms Thompson focuses on a challenge she calls the Hawkmoth Effect. In the better known Butterfly Effect, a serviceable model, in the prediction of climate change, becomes less reliable over time because of the complexity of what it is simulating(模拟), or because of inaccuracies in the original data. In the Hawkmoth Effect, by contrast, the model itself is flawed; it might fail to take full account of the interplay between humidity, wind and temperature.The author calls on data geeks to improve their solutions to real-world issues, not merely refine their formulae—in other words, to escape from model land. "We do not need to have the best possible answer," she writes, "only a reasonable one."Both these books exhibit a healthy realism about data, algorithms and their limitations. Both recognize that making progress involves accepting limitations, whether in law or coding. As Ms Lobel puts it: "It's always better to light a candle than to curse the darkness."22. Ms Lobel intends to convey that _______.A. minimization is a good privacy rule to go byB. algorithms are currently challenged by data privacyC. employing more personal data should be encouragedD. identifying algorithms' problems leads to better outcomes23. What can we learn about "Hawkmoth Effect"?A. It develops from Butterfly Effect.B. It emphasizes accuracy of original data.C. It enjoys popularity in climate research field.D. It is mentioned to show the model can be faulty.24. Which of the following does the writer probably agree?A. Using algorithms to detect differences is hard.B. The application of data and algorithms is limited.C. The reliability of data should be attached importance to.D. Improving algorithms involves accepting its imperfection.25. Which would be the best title for this passage?A. The Algorithm's ProspectB. The Algorithm's MercyC. The Algorithm's ComplexityD. The Algorithm's RecognitionExpressive writing or journaling is one way to help you heal from trauma(创伤). (1) It can help you process what you've been through and assist you as you envision a path forward.Why does a writing intervention work? (2) In fact, narrating the story of an ongoing anxiety "frees up" cognitive resources. When you write down theemotions associated with a traumatic experience, you may be changing the way it is organized in the brain. You are then able to detach from the emotion,making it easier for you to talk about and process the event.However, for most people, the thought of acknowledging emotions and admitting that there's something wrong with us is difficult. This is because expressing emotions can bring up feelings of guilt and shame. (3) That is what sets journaling apart. This is between you and your journal—you don't have to share it with anyone unless, of course, you choose to.If you're interested in trying out writing as a tool for healing, start your writing by setting a timer for ten minutes. (4) Think of one object in your home that signifies a moment for you. See it in full color. Feel the weight of it. Use all your senses. Now, write about that object and see how large its meaning can become.(5) How you heal from trauma can be different from person to person as well. It all depends on what works best for you. Remember, one size does not fit all. Writing may not work for everyone, but you won't know if you don't try.A. Despite that, expressive writing remains an accessible tool,B. Of course, expressive writing is hardly a panacea(灵丹妙药).C. Also, seeking help for emotional stress is often seen as a sign of weakness.D. It may seem abnormal that writing about negative experiences has a positive effect.E. Once you have a better handle on your problems, you can move forward and get on with life.F. It is writing from your heart and mind and about the emotion associated with a certain event.G. Let your mind go to the detailed, specific moments to get to the feelings and truth of your experience.26. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. EF. FG. G27. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. EF. FG. G28. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. EF. FG. G29. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. EF. FG. G30. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. EF. FG. G31. If you've spent any time on social media sites, you've probably noticed it: parents share news, photos, and other information about their children. This phenomenon is called "sharenting", a combination of the words "sharing" and "parenting".Much of the research on sharenting focuses on why parents choose to share online. Studies found that for parents of infants(婴儿), sharenting can help ease the social isolation that comes with this period in their children's lives. Parents of teenagers also share information about their kids on social media. Research has shown their motivations include communicating their pride in their children's accomplishments and informing friends and family about their kids' lives.However, when parents post about their children on social media with high frequency, the phenomenon of "oversharenting" occurs, which can be a great cause for concern. For example, if parents share too much information that their children don't want disclosed, it may lead them to with old information about their lives from their parents so they can better control what can and can't be posted about them.Additionally, the cute photos or funny observations parents share online about their children could become a problem when their kids get older. In particular, colleges and employers are increasingly checking applicants' online activity, and as a result, information posted by parents could become a source of embarrassment or affect a potential college's or employer's assessment of their child.Sharing information has never been faster than in the digital age. While it can be very convenient to post milestones of their children, it's important for parents to ensure they're sharening responsibly. After all, it's not just a picture, it's the child and their digital footprint.(1) According to the passage, what is sharenting?_________________________________________________(2) Why do parents of infants choose to share online?_____________________________________________________(3) Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.When parents oversharent, their children may make up information about their lives to better control what can and can't be posted about them.____________________________________________________________________________ _(4) Besides what's mentioned in the passage, what else can you do if your parents oversharent? (In about 40 words)____________________________________________________________________________ _32. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。
2023年北京市部分区高三下学期高考一模语文试卷分类汇编：古诗阅读专题
古诗阅读专题北京市朝阳区2022-2023学年高三下学期一模考试语文试卷三、本大题共5小题，共30分。
阅读下面这首诗，完成11-13题。
（共12分）海棠歌陆游我初入蜀鬓未霜，南充樊亭【1】看海棠。
当时已谓目未睹，岂知更有碧鸡坊。
碧鸡海棠天下绝，枝枝似染猩猩血。
蜀姬艳妆肯让人，花前顿觉无颜色。
扁舟东下八千里，桃李真成仆奴尔。
若使海棠根可移，扬州芍药应羞死。
风雨春残杜鹃哭，夜夜寒衾梦还蜀。
何从乞得不死方，更看千年未为足。
注释：【1】南充樊亭：与下文中的“碧鸡坊”均为四川地名。
11.下列对诗句的分析，正确的一项是（3分）A.本诗开篇从诗人初到蜀地赏海棠写起。
B.“蜀姬”句写出蜀地女子的美艳和谦逊。
C.“扁舟”两句写诗人远离桃李之乡来到蜀地。
D.结尾表达了诗人追求永生、千古留名的理想。
12.下列对这首诗的理解与赏析，不正确的一项是（3分）A.本诗中的“杜鹃”与《琵琶行》中的“杜鹃”都蕴含哀情。
B.本诗抒发的情感与《临安春雨初霁》的惆怅徘徊有所不同。
C.本诗与《梦游天姥吟留别》都描绘了奇幻璀璨的梦中景象。
D.本诗十六句，层次清晰，体现出诗歌起承转合的结构特点。
13.本诗歌咏海棠，多从侧面展开。
请结合全诗赏析这样写的艺术效果。
（6分）11.（3分）A12.（3分）C13.（6分）参考答案：①诗人本以为樊亭海棠之美前所未见，但是碧鸡海棠更胜一筹。
①艳妆的蜀中佳丽美貌天下无双，但在碧鸡海棠面前，让人顿觉黯然失色。
①桃李人所共赞，与碧鸡海棠相比，却会像奴仆一样拜倒在海棠脚下。
①扬州芍药天下驰名，见了碧鸡海棠也会觉得羞愧逊色。
①渴望永远欣赏碧鸡海棠，再看千年也不满足。
①从侧面极尽笔墨盛赞碧鸡海棠无与伦比的美，表达对海棠的痴迷。
【评分参考】每点1分。
意思对即可。
北京市西城区2022-2023学年高三下学期一模考试语文试卷三、本大题共5小题，共30分。
阅读下面宋词，完成11－13题。
（共12分）水龙吟①辛弃疾老来曾识渊明，梦中一见参差②是。
北京市丰台区2022-2023学年高三上学期期末考试数学试卷(含答案)
丰台区2022～2023学年度第一学期期末练习高 三 数 学 2023.01第一部分 （选择题40分）一、选择题共10小题，每小题4分，共40分。
在每小题列出的四个选项中，选出符合题目要求的一项。
1．已知全集U =R ，集合{|10}A x x =−<≤，则UA =（A ）(1)(0+)−∞−∞,,（B ）(1](0+)−∞−∞,,（C ）(1)[0+)−∞−∞,, （D ）(1][0+)−∞−∞,, 2．已知复数i(1i)z =+，则在复平面内，复数z 对应的点位于（A ）第一象限 （B ）第二象限 （C ）第三象限 （D ）第四象限 3．在42()x x−的展开式中，常数项为（A ）-24 （B ）24 （C ）-48 （D ）484．已知向量(2)λ=,a ，(1)λ=,b，则“λ=//a b ”的 （A ）充分而不必要条件 （B ）必要而不充分条件 （C ）充分必要条件（D ）既不充分也不必要条件5．下列函数是偶函数，且在区间(01),上单调递增的是 （A ）21y x =− （B ）tan y x = （C ）cos y x x = （D ）e e x x y −=+ 6． 已知抛物线2:2C y px =(0)p >过点A (1，焦点为F .若点(0)B m ,满足AF BF =,则m 的值为（A ）2 （B1 （C ）2或1− （D1或11.答题前,考生务必先将答题卡上的学校、班级、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹签字笔填写清楚，并认真核对条形码上的准考证号、姓名,在答题卡的“条形码粘贴区”贴好条形码。
2.本次练习所有答题均在答题卡上完成。
选择题必须使用2B 铅笔以正确填涂方式将各小题对应选项涂黑,如需改动,用橡皮擦除干净后再选涂其它选项。
非选择题必须使用标准黑色字迹签字笔书写,要求字体工整、字迹清楚。
3.请严格按照答题卡上题号在相应答题区内作答,超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在练习卷、草稿纸上答题无效。
北京市丰台区2021-2022学年度第一学期期末高三语文试卷讲评：散文阅读
2.说明：全文在陈述“灯”的发展史中，穿插了很多具体的年份、数 据和史实作为补充说明，增加了文章的真实性，为文章主旨的表达提 供了依据。
3.描写：如对京城第一盏灯的描写，展现出当时的社会背景，给 人以身临其境之感，形象地点出了中国电力发展的必要性。再如 升旗大典、长安街华灯初绽时人物举止、言谈的描写，流露出自 豪之情，表达了作者的赞美之意。 （比喻、拟人、象征、细节描写皆可）
【评分细则】 点出表达方式1分，结合内容分析作用1分，任意三点得满分。 （只写“比喻、拟人”等，没有结合内容分析不得分，如分析得不好 可得点出表达方式的1分）
1.叙述：回顾中国人追寻“光”的过程，按照时间顺序交代了中国 “灯”的发展史，在具体的历史事件中，为讴歌中国电力人的精神作 了铺垫。 （举事例、倒叙、虚实结合、对比皆可）
4.抒情：①以情动人，增强文章的感染力。②开拓意境，表现和 深化主题思想。③渲染气氛，显示行文格调，贯通文章意脉。总 之，抒情可以形象地抒发了作者的主观感受和思想感情。 （借景抒情、借物抒情、直抒胸臆皆可，托物言志不得分）
5.议论：分析评价客观事物、历史事件，表达自己的观点和态度。 明确文章的主题思想。
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教学建议： 1、增强学生阅读散文的板块意识，梳理文章的文脉和情脉。 2、提升学生概括内容的能力，答题不能停留于照抄原文的细节。 3、训练学生掌握散文鉴赏的必备概念和术语，如表达方式、表 现手法等，在理解的基础上鉴赏评价。 4、引导学生答题时合理使用选择题的正确内容。
18．作者在文中说：“支撑它保持亮度的是什么？电，当然对，但不是全 部。” 让“灯”保持亮度还需要什么？请结合全文内容分条概括。（6分）
北京市海淀区2022-2023学年高三下学期一模考试语文试卷(含答案)
北京市海淀区2022-2023学年高三下学期一模考试语文2023.04本试卷共10页，150分。
考试吋长150分钟。
考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
—、本大题共5小题，共18分。
阅读下面的材料，完成1-5题。
材料一能源是社会发展的基础和动力源泉，对国家繁荣富强、人民生活改善和社会长治久安至关重要。
新时代新征程，必须与时俱进推动能源高质量发展，加快构建能源安全新格局，以能源高质量发展支撑中国式现代化建设。
《中国，能源发展报告2022》（下称《报告》）的统计数据显示，我国能源供应保障能力稳步提高。
2021年一次能源生产总量达到43.3亿吨标准煤，同比增长6.3%，增速较上年提高3.8个百分点。
原煤产量41.3亿吨，创历史新高；原油产量1.99亿吨，连续三年稳定增长；天然气产量2076亿立方米，同比增长7.8%；电力生产全年新增发电量超过7500亿千瓦时，创历史新高。
《报告》同时提到，我国能源消费增长依然较快，2021年全年能源消费同比增长达 5.2%，在全球能源供需矛盾突出的背景下，我国一度出现能源区域性、时段性供应紧张的情况。
对于未来国家能源需求，中国工程院武强院士为记者算了这样一笔账，2020年我国每人每年耗能约3.5吨标准煤，按照本世纪中叶全面建成社会主义现代化强国的目标，假设人均能耗翻一倍，2050年将增加到7吨。
如果我国能源进口依赖度和能效科技水平不变，那么我国能源总产量需要在目前的基础上也翻一倍，达到80多亿吨标准煤产量，才能满足人均能耗翻倍的需求。
在他看来，根据我国目前“缺油、少气、贫高品位铀、相对富煤”的能源禀赋特征，再加上我国能源生产和消费逆向分布明显的问题，即中东部地区能源消费量占全国比重超过70%，而重要能源基地主要分布在西部地区，同时考虑水土气的环境污染、生态退化、全球气候变化等约束条件，本世纪中叶我国很难有效提供如此巨大的能源产量来满足需求。