2022年北京市丰台区高考英语一模试卷(附答案详解)
2022年北京市丰台区高考化学一模试卷(附答案详解)
2022年北京市丰台区高考化学一模试卷一、单选题（本大题共14小题，共42.0分）1.冬奥会冰球运动所需要的下列器材中，由金属材料制成的是()A. 冰球——橡胶B. 冰球杆——碳纤维C. 运动员面罩——钢丝网D. 运动员头盔——丙烯腈、丁二烯、苯乙烯形成的高聚物2.下列化学用语或图示表达正确的是()A. Mg2+的结构示意图：B. NaOH的电子式：C. BF3的空间结构模型：D. 反式聚异戊二烯的结构简式：3.下列物质的性质不能用化学键解释的是()A. 金属铜具有导电性B. 氮气化学性质稳定C. 金刚石硬度大D. 碘单质常温为固体4.依据元素周期律，下列判断不正确的是()A. 第一电离能：Li<Be<BB. 原子半径：Mg<Na<KC. 电负性：N<O<FD. 酸性：H2SiO3<H3PO4<HClO45.下列关于物质保存的解释，反应方程式不正确的是()A. FeSO4溶液中放入铁粉：2Fe3++Fe=3Fe2+B. 浓硝酸保存于棕色试剂瓶：4HNO3(浓)− 光照 4NO↑+O2↑+2H2O2C. 氮肥NH4HCO3保存于阴凉处：NH4HCO3− △ NH3↑+CO2↑+H2OD. 金属钠保存于煤油中：2Na+O2=Na2O22Na+2H2O=2NaOH+H2↑6.依据图示关系，下列说法不正确的是()A. ΔH2>0B. 1molS(g)完全燃烧释放的能量小于2968kJC. ΔH2=ΔH1−ΔH3D. 16gS(s)完全燃烧释放的能量为1484kJ7.实验室制取下列气体，所选反应试剂、制备装置与收集方法合理的是()选项气体反应试剂制备装置收集方法A NO2Cu、稀硝酸b eB C2H4C2H5OH、浓硫酸c fC NH3Ca(OH)2、NH4Cl a dD SO2Na2SO3、70%硫酸b fA. AB. BC. CD. D8.下列关于氨气的说法不正确的是()A. NH3分子呈三角锥形，属于极性分子B. NH3易液化、易溶于水均与氢键的形成有关C. NH3与HCl反应的过程包含配位键的形成，NH4Cl属于共价化合物D. 烧瓶中溶液红色不变时，NH3+H2O⇌NH3⋅H2O⇌NH4++OH−达平衡9.下列事实不能用Cl2+H2O⇌HCl+HClO平衡移动加以解释的是()A. 实验室用NaOH溶液吸收Cl2尾气B. 用饱和食盐水除去Cl2中的HCl杂质C. NaClO与浓盐酸混合产生氯气D. 漂白粉中加入适量醋酸可增强漂白性10.蔗糖酯可由油酸(C17H33COOH)与蔗糖反应而得，其转化关系如图所示：下列说法正确的是()A. 蔗糖不能发生银镜反应B. 油酸是一种饱和高级脂肪酸C. 蔗糖酯属于油脂类物质D. 蔗糖酯在酸性条件下充分水解的最终产物为油酸和蔗糖11.下列实验方案能达到实验目的的是()A B C D目的比较Mg、Al金属性的强弱研究浓度对化学平衡的影响比较Na2CO3、NaHCO3与酸反应的快慢比较碳酸、醋酸、苯酚的酸性强弱实验方案A. AB. BC. CD. D12.水溶性荧光超支化聚合物P在生物、医药及组织工程和生物成像等领域都有较好的应用，合成P的单体由M()和W()在一定条件下反应得到，P的结构片段如图：下列说法不正确的是()A. W不存在顺反异构B. 聚合物P的单体由M与W通过取代反应得到C. M与W形成的单体通过缩聚反应制得聚合物P，同时有CH3OH生成D. 聚合物P具有较好水溶性可能与存在多个亲水基团−OH有关13.一种可充电的锌锰分液电池，其结构如图所示：下列说法不正确的是()A. 放电时，正极反应为：MnO2+4H++2e−=Mn2++2H2OB. 充电时，Zn作阴极：[Zn(OH)4]2−+2e−=Zn+4OH−C. 离子交换膜a和b分别为阳离子交换膜和阴离子交换膜D. 充电过程中K2SO4溶液的浓度逐渐降低14.某小组进行以下探究。
2022高考英语二轮阅读理解一百六十集选练(110)及(解析)答案
2022高考英语二轮阅读理解一百六十集选练（110）及（解析）答案【由北京市丰台区2022高考模拟改编】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Have you ever looked toward the sky on a fall day and witnessed a group of migrating birds? If so, you probably noted the V-shaped formation of the birds or the birds flying in a ball-like formation. Why do birds fly this way? Many theories have been developed to explain the formation patterns of different types of birds.One theory is that birds fly in certain formations to take advantage of the laws of nature. The birds know that flying in a V-shaped pattern will save energy. Like the lead cyclist in a race who decreases wind force for the cyclists who follow, the lead bird cuts wind force for the birds that follow. This decrease in wind force means that the birds use up to 70 percent less energy during their flight. When the lead bird becomes tired, a more rested bird takes over that position.But saving energy is important for more than one reason. Sometimes food is short during migration flights. Keeping energy enables the birds to fly longer distances between meals.When food is sighted, the birds guide one another in a different way. When a bird identifies a familiar feeding area, it might turn around in order to signal the group to change direction. Then, this bird becomes the new leader. It helps guarantee that other birds will know exactly where it is going. Then the whole group makes a change in direction, gently streaming from the sky down to the ground. This formation is like an arrow pointing to the location of food.Scientists have also studied the birds that sometimes fly in a ball-like formation. Researchers believe that the birds come together if a predator（天敌）is spotted. The predator may then become impatient waiting for a single bird to fly away from the group. The birds will often dip and dive as a group, frustrating even the most persistent enemy. Scientists report that this is a very effective method of defense against an attack.The birds care for their fellow fliers through teamwork. As transportation expert Henry Ford once said, “If everyone is moving forward together, then success takes care of itself.” When it comes to teamwork, these feathered fliers are a soaring success!1. According to the passage, we can learn that birds ___________.A. move faster than cyclistsB. prefer to fly in a V formationC. are smarter than other animalsD. play different roles in a formation2. When food is sighted, ____________.A. the group follows the discovererB. the lead bird decides what to doC. the discoverer leaves the groupD. the whole group forms a stream3. To protect themselves from attack, birds will _____________ .A. break into groupsB. come close togetherC. change directionsD. fly up and down4. Which is the best title for the passage?A. A Bird’s-Eye View of Teamwork.B. Success Takes Care of Itself.C. The Strongest Will Survive.D. A Science Behind Flying.【参考答案】1—4、DA B A较难题目特训：介绍说明类阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
2019-2020年高考英语(四月)阅读、信息匹配选练(2)
2019-2020年高考英语（四月）阅读、信息匹配选练（2）【由北京市丰台区xx高考模拟改编】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A Mountain of Green BeansAnother envelope in the mail. There’s my name, Alexander Spencer, typed on the front. I throw it under the bed. The piles of envelopes are growing.The envelopes were applications to all the colleges I was supposed to attend. I did open the first envelope. Then I saw the application, all those blank spaces I was supposed to fill with my own writing, spaces for my name and birth date and grade average and … statement of purpose. I looked at them for a long time. I could write for hours and not fill all those spaces. So I put the application back in the envelope. I would fill it out the next day, when I had time. But another envelope arrived. And then the pile began.The pile scares me — it is really like a monster. All the while, I feel the weight of a million envelopes raining down on my head until my grandmother calls me and wants to know how I am.“I am overe by too many tasks,” I say.“Honey, you just take it bit by bit,” she says, and she reminds me about the green beans.When I was a little kid I hated green beans. But my mom said I couldn’t leave the table until I ate ten green beans. All alone at the table, I stared at the green beans for what seemed like hours. It was a mountain of green beans. I couldn’t do it.My grandma came to me and asked if I could eat one green bean.“But Grandma, I have to eat ten!”She said all I had to do was to eat one green bean. One tiny little green bean. So I ate one. It was bad, but not as bad as I’d thought it would be. Then she asked me again if I could eat one. So I ate one green bean nine more times.My grandma doesn’t know about the envelopes, but she tells me anyone can do one thing every day. Back in my room, I lay down on the bed. Just like I used to do when I was a little kid, I hang my head down to look at the pile of envelopes. There it is. But instead of a monster, I see a pile of green beans. Who’s afraid of green beans?1. Envelopes are piling up because the author _______.doesn’t know how to replyfeels bored of the paper workdoesn’t want to attend collegehas been too busy to open them2. What does the author learn from the story of the green beans?A. A good start is half done.B. Actions speak louder than words.C. A long journey begins with a single step.D. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.3. What do you think the author will do next?A. He will fill out the applications one after another.B. He will go to the college that he dreams of.C. He will throw away all the envelopes.D. He will eat up the green beans.【参考答案】1—3、B C A阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
2023年北京市中考英语试卷(附答案详解)
绝密★启用前2023年北京市中考英语试卷学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________注意事项:1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第I卷（选择题）一、单选题（本大题共24小题，共18.0分）1. Ten days are devoted to this training program and _________ it be unsuccessful，it could be repeated later.（）A. shouldB. couldC. mightD. would2. I can't meet you on Sunday.I'll be _________ occupied.（）A. alsoB. justC. neverthelessD. otherwise3. _________ the convenience of digital payment，many senior citizens started to use smart phones.（）A. To enjoyB. EnjoyingC. To have enjoyedD. Enjoy4. A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help _________ your year ahead.（）A. shapeB. switchC. stretchD. sharpen5. Many people who live along the coast make a living _________ fishing industry.（）A. atB. inC. onD. by6. With inspiration from other food cultures，American food culture can take a _________ for the better.（）A. shareB. chanceC. turnD. lead7. Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and _________ to ruins，the city took on a new look.（）A. reducingB. reducedC. being reducedD. having reduced8. " Never for a second，" the boy says，"____ that my father would come to my rescue."（）A. I doubtedB. do I doubtC. I have doubtedD. did I doubt9. Good families are much to all their members, but _______ to none.（）A. somethingB. anythingC. everythingD. nothing10. -Jack still can't help feeling worried before the exam.-Lack of confidence is his _______ ，I am afraid. （）A. Achilles' heelB. green fingersC. last strawD. child's play11. Parents should actively urge their children to _________ the opportunity to join sports teams.（）A. gain admission toB. keep track ofC. take advantage ofD. give rise to12. Much time sitting at a desk，office workers are generally troubled by health problems.（）A. being spentB. having spentC. spentD. spending13. My sister enjoys singing and ________ favorite subject is music.A. hisB. herC. yourD. their14. It's a good idea to visit Beijing ________ October.A. atB. onC. inD. to15. —Must I stay here and wait for you?—No, you ________. You can go home now.A. needn'tB. can'tC. mustn'tD. shouldn't16. —Which do you like ________, swimming or skating?—Swimming.A. wellB. betterC. bestD. the best17. —________ do you tidy your own room?—Twice a week.A. How oftenB. How soonC. How muchD. How long18. It was difficult to climb the mountain, ________ Sam got to the top at last.A. orB. soC. forD. but19. —Lucy, what are you doing?—I ________ a model ship.A. makeB. madeC. am makingD. was making20. The Shenzhou-15 astronauts ________ to Earth safely on June 4, 2023.A. returnB. returnedC. will returnD. have returned21. If you go to the concert with us tomorrow, you ________ a great time there.A. haveB. hadC. will haveD. have had22. Eric ________ many things since he became interested in science.A. is learningB. was learningC. will learnD. has learned23. The park is getting more and more beautiful because more kinds of flowers ________ everyyear.A. are plantedB. were plantedC. plantD. planted24. —Lily, can you tell me ________ during the Dragon Boat Festival this year?—Sure. We ate zongzi and watched a dragon boat race.A. what you will doB. what you didC. what will you doD. what did you do二、完形填空（本大题共23小题，共23.0分）When 17-year-old Quattro Musser hangs out with friends，they don't drink beer or cruise around in cars with their dates.（1）______ ，they stick to G-rated activities such as rock-climbing or talking about books. They are in good company，according to a new study showing that teenagers are increasingly delaying activities that had long been seen as rites of passage into（2）______ .The study，published Tuesday in the journal Child Development，found that the percentage of adolescents in the U.S.who have a driver's license，who have tried alcohol，who date，and who work for pay has plummeted since 1976，with themost precipitous （急剧）（3）______ in the past decade.The declines appeared across race，geographic，and socioeconomic lines，and in rural，urban，and suburban areas.To be sure，more than half of teens still engage in these activities，but the（4）______ have slimmed considerably.Teens have also reported a steady decline in sexual activity in recent decades，as the portion of high school students who have had sex fell from 54 percent in 1991 to 41 percent in 2015，according to Centers for Disease Control statistics. "People say，'Oh，it's because teenagers are more responsible，or more lazy，or more boring，' but they're（5）______ the larger trend，" said Jean Twenge，lead author of the study，which drew on seven large time-lag surveys of Americans.Rather，she said，kids may be less （6）______ in activities such as dating，driving or getting jobs because in today's society，they no longer need to.According to an evolutionary psychology theory that a person's "life strategy" slows down or speeds up depending on his or her（7）______ ，exposure to a "harsh and unpredictable" environment leads to faster development，while a more resource-rich and secure environment has the（8）______ effect，the study said.In the first（9）______ ，"You'd have a lot of kids and be in survival mode，start having kids young，expect your kids will have kids young，and expect that there will be more（10）______ and fewer resources，" said Twenge，a psychology professor at San Diego State University who is the author of "iGen：Why Today's Super-Connected Kids Are Growing Up Less Rebellious，More Tolerant，Less Happy-and Completely Unprepared for Adulthood."In that model a teenage boy might be thinking more（11）______ about marriage，and driving a car and working for pay would be important for "establishing mate value based on procurement of resources，" the study said.But America is shifting more toward the（12）______ model，and the change is apparent across the socioeconomic spectrum，Twenge said. "Even in families whose parents didn't have a college education…families are smaller，and the idea that children need to be carefully（13）______ has really sunk in." The（14）______ of "adult activities" could not be attributed to more homework or extracurricular activities，the study said，noting that teens today spend fewer hours on homework and the same amount of time on extra curriculars as they did in the 1990s （with the exception of community service，which has risen slightly）.Nor could the use of smart phones and the Internet be entirely the（15）______ ，the report said，since the decline began before they were widely available.If the delay is to make room for creative exploration and forming better social and emotional connections，it is a good thing，he said.25. A. Therefore B. Rather C. Moreover D. Besides26. A. childhood B. neighborhood C. adolescents D. adulthood27. A. escapes B. ends C. decreases D. changes28. A. minorities B. majorities C. masses D. amounts29. A. taking B. avoiding C. sending D. missing30. A. interested B. envied C. relieved D. realized31. A. emotions B. surroundings C. customs D. habits32. A. wrong B. same C. opposite D. similar33. A. event B. issue C. case D. occasion34. A. trouble B. questions C. benefits D. diseases35. A. respectively B. delicately C. seriously D. considerably36. A. slower B. better C. smaller D. faster37. A. emphasized B. related C. organized D. educated38. A. implement B. postponement C. achievement D. payment39. A. cause B. impact C. fact D. resultBe What's MissingWhere was that cashier (收银员)? Impatient, I quickly looked at my watch. I hardly had enough time to eat a sandwich and rush back to work.I looked around the nearly empty 40 , but the cashier was nowhere in sight. A woman stood wiping (擦) the far end of the counter. She looked at me coldly with sad, dark eyes.I 41 , getting angry. I'd been standing there for at least three minutes!Controlling my anger, I remembered Mom's words. "Whenever you find yourself in an unpleasant situation, just think about what is missing. If someone is unkind, then kindness is missing. If someone is hateful, then 42 is missing. If we will be what's missing, then we'll provide whatever the situation needs."And here I was in an unpleasant situation. How should I "be what's missing"? What was missing was 43 . Maybe I should just jump behind the counter and take my own order.Just then the woman walked slowly towards me. "May I help you?" she asked, still 44 . She looked so tired. No doubt, she was overworked.I took a deep breath. With Mom's words ringing in my head, I gave the woman my order...and smiled. "How are you today?"My question seemed to 45 her. She eyed me for a second before answering. "Not too good.""I'm sorry." I said. "I hope it gets better starting right now."She almost smiled as she looked at me. "Thanks. I hope you're right."I thought to myself as I ate my sandwich. We're all the same, really. We have problems and angers, we get tired and we hurt. We need to be 46 to each other.After eating, I wiped the table cleaner than usual, and put the tray (托盘) back nicely on the stand. The woman was watching me, a big smile on her face."Be what's missing." It 47 .40. A. restaurant B. street C. school D. office41. A. agreed B. finished C. waited D. left42. A. trust B. love C. patience D. confidence43. A. hope B. advice C. money D. service44. A. nervously B. carefully C. coldly D. kindly45. A. disappoint B. hurt C. trouble D. surprise46. A. nicer B. cooler C. closer D. fairer47. A. said B. worked C. read D. ended三、阅读理解（本大题共29小题，共58.0分）AIf a single word can describe our daily life during those first three years，it is "scrounge" （讨要）.Every waking moment we were concentrating on how the hell we would be able to save up enough dough （面团；钱）to do whatever it was we had to ually it was just break even.And there's nothing romantic about it.either.Remember the famous stanza Omar Khayyám You know，the book of verses underneaththe bough，the loaf of bread，the jug of wine and so forth？Substitute Scotton Trusts for that book of verses and see how this poetic vision stacks up against my idyllic existence.Ah，paradise？No，bullshit.All I'd think about is how much that book was （could we get it secondhand？）and where，if anywhere，we might be able to charge that bread and wine.And then how we might ultimately scrounge up the dough to pay off our debts.Life changes.Even the simplest decision must be scrutinized by the ever vigilant budget committee of your mind."Hey，Oliver，let's go see Becket tonight.""Listen，it's three bucks.""What do you mean？""I mean a buck fifty for you and a buck fifty for me.""Does that mean yes or no""Neither.It just means three bucks."Our honeymoon was spent on a yacht and with twenty-one children.That is，I sailed a thirty-six-foot Rhodes from seven in the morning till whenever my passengers had enough，and Jenny was a children's counselor.It was a place called the Pequod Boat Club in Dennis Port （not far from Hyannis）an establishment that included a large hotel，a marina and several dozen houses for rent.In one of the tinier bungalows，I have nailed an imaginary plaque （匾牌）："Oliver and Jenny slept here.I think it's a tribute to us both that after a long day of being kind to our customers，for we were largely dependent on their tips for our income，Jenny and I were nonetheless kind to each other.I simply say "kind"，because I lack the vocabulary to describe what loving and being loved by Jennifer Cavilleri is like.Sorry，I mean Jennifer Barrett.Before leaving for the Cape，we found a cheap apartment in North Cambridge.I called it North Cambridge，although the address was technically in the town of Somerville and the house was，as Jenny described it，" in the state of disrepair".It had originally been a two-family structure，now converted into four apartments，overpriced even at its "cheap" rental.But what he hell can graduate students do？It's a seller's market.48. What can we learn from the conversation between Oliver and Jenny？______A. None of them wanted to see Becket.B. They didn't have three bucks.C. Jenny was wasting money.D. Oliver was a thrifty man.49. Why were Oliver and Jenny friendly to customers？______A. They were both counselors for children.B. They needed to get tips from customers.C. They didn't have enough room to live in.D. That was the rule on the yacht.50. By "in the state of disrepair"，the author implies that ______ .A. the apartment was very cheapB. the apartment was very expensiveC. their accommodation is not decentD. their accommodation is very decent51. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage？______A. A couple's debt repayment processB. A couple's honeymoon tripC. A couple's hard lifeD. A couple's life on a yachtBStanding on the shore of a lake，I can't help but marvel at the tens or hundreds of thousands of small rocks that surround my boots.They were all created from hard surfaces，their edges softening over time.And I wonder，can we learn from a pile of rocks？Even the tallest mountains have worn down；none are as tall as they were 1，000 years ago.And much like a rock，I've found my attitude has softened and my desire to better understand others has expanded with each trip around the sun.Once I too was a sharp rock covered in pointy edges.Today，after decades of the waters of life coursing over me，my edges are softer and more understanding.I'm less likely to judge and more interested in learning how we can exist together.But I'm not a rock.I'm a human being filled with all the drama built into my DNA.Two years ago，while traveling in the Pacific Northwest，I watched a restaurant owner ask several peopleto leave for not wearing masks.Not forceful and not rude.On the door read a sign："Please wear a mask before entering our restaurant.We don't like it either，but let's all do what we can to get through this together."The group of young men wished to argue about the note.I sat watching，understanding both sides.I've been those guys before，using my youthful edges to chip away at the world.What I lost，however，was the ability to grow from experiences by looking through the eyes of others.In learning to be more open，I've also found more happiness and success.You can fit more rounded rocks in a jar than those with sharp edges.The former look for ways to adjust and make room for others；the latter never give an inch to accommodate others.Time，like the waters rolling against once sharp stones，changes us by washing away our resistance to seeing the world from another's point of view.I placed a rounded stone into my jacket pocket.Mother Nature is holding class again.52. What does the author compare the rocks to？______A. People's abilities.B. People's personalities.C. What nature offers us.D. Challenges we come across.53. Why did the group of guys argue in the restaurant？______A. They were dissatisfied with the owner's attitude to them.B. They were unwilling to do what the owner wished them to.C. They intended to skip out on the bill due to the poor service.D. They were not allowed to leave the restaurant for their rudeness.54. What does the author want to tell us with this text？______A. We should adjust to new conditions.B. Be brave when in the face of difficulties in life.C. It's necessary to consider the feelings of others.D. Being open and understanding brings you more happiness.55. What might be the best title of the text？______A. Changing with TimeB. Learning from NatureC. Growing from ExperiencesD. Seeing from a Different AngleCOn January 7，David Bennett went into the operating room at the University of Maryland Medical Center for a surgical procedure never performed before on a human.The 57-year-old Maryland resident had been hospitalized for months due to a life threatening disease.His heart was failing him and he needed a new one. Bennett's condition left him unresponsive to treatment and ineligible （不合格）for the transplant list or an artificial heart pump.The physician-scientists at the center，however，had another-also risky- option：transplant （移植）a heart from a genetically-modified pig."It was either die or do this transplant，" Bennett had told surgeons a day before the operation. "I want to live.I know it's a shot in the dark，but it's also my last choice."It took the medical team eight hours to finish the operation，making Bennett the first human to successfully receive a pig's heart. "It's working and it looks normal.We are thrilled，but we don't know what tomorrow will bring us.This has never been done before，" Barkley Griffith，who led the transplant team，told the New York Times.While it's only been five days since the operation，the surgeons say that Bennett's new pig heart was，so far，functioning as expected and his body wasn't rejecting （排斥）the organ.They are still monitoring his condition closely."I think it's extremely exciting，" says Robert Montgomery，transplant surgeon and director of the NYU Langone Transplant Institute，who was not involved in Bennett's operation.The result of the procedure was also personally meaningful for Montgomery，who received a heart transplant in 2018 due to a genetic disease that may also affect members of his family in the future. "It's still in the early days，but still the heart seems to be functioning.And that in and of itself is an extraordinary thing.Up to now most experimental heart transplant procedures have been done between pigs and other animals.This is the first time that surgeons have taken it into a living human."56. What do the words "a shot in the dark" underlined in Paragraph 3 mean？______A. Something that costs a fortune.B. Something impossible to succeed.C. Something drawing public attention.D. Something with an uncertain outcome.57. What is Barkley Griffith's attitude to Bennett's post-operation condition？______A. Negative.B. Cautious.C. Optimistic.D. Uncaring.58. What is the text mainly about？______A. The heated debate over the pig heart transplant.B. David Bennett's contribution to medical research.C. The first experimental pig heart transplant in the world.D. The first successful pig heart transplant into a living human.59. In which section of a magazine may this text appear______A. Political Affairs.B. Global Entertainment.C. Sci-Tech Front.D. Financial Window.DWomen were less likely than men to support the Vietnam war，the Gulf war，or the invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq.They commit far fewer murders.They are less likely to favor strikes.For some scholars，these are grounds for thinking that a world run by women would be more peaceful.But European history suggests otherwise，according to political scientists Oeindrila Dube andS.P.Harish.They studied how often European rulers went to war between 1480 and 1913，and found that states ruled by queens were 27% more likely to get involved in wars than those ruled by kings.This was not all the queens' fault：men，seeing them as soft targets，tended to attack them.Frederick the Great of Prussia once declared："No woman should ever be allowed to govern anything." Shortly after becoming king，he attacked the newly crowned Archduchess of Austria，Maria Theresa，and seized Silesia province.Despite years of war，she never recovered it.But perceived weakness is not the whole story.Queens，the researchers found，were more likely to gain new territory.Catherine the Great expanded her empire by some 200，000 square miles.And married queens were more aggressive than single queens or kings，whether single or married.The authors suggest several reasons for this.First，married queens may have been able to form more military alliances （联盟），making them confident enough to pick fights.Their husbands had often served in the army before they married，and were well placed to strengthen military ties between their homelands and their wives' states.Second，unlike most kings，queens often gave their husbands a lot of power，putting them in charge of foreign policy or the economy.During the 1740s，Maria Theresa's husband，Francis I，reformed the Austrian economy and raised money for the armed forces while his wife ruled much of central Europe.Prince Albert was Queen Victoria's most trusted adviser，shaping her foreign policy until his deathin1861.This division of labor，the authors suggest，freed up time for queens to pursue more aggressive policies.The modern era，too，has witnessed female leaders in wars：Golda Meir and the Yom Kippur war，or Margaret Thatcher and the Falklands.The number of countries led by women has more than doubled since 2000，but there is plenty of room for improvement：the current level of 15 represents less than 10% of the total.A world in which more women took power might be more equal.Whether it would be more peaceful is a different question.60. The underlined "perceived weakness" in Paragraph 4 means that ______ .A. women were less likely to support warsB. women could not recover lost territoryC. women commit far fewer crimesD. women were soft targets61. Why were married queens more likely to gain new territory？______A. Because their military alliances picked fights for them.B. Because they were ambitious and aggressive by nature.C. Because their husbands were supportive in state governing.D. Because they centralized all power into their own hands.62. What is the purpose of mentioning the two female leaders in the last paragraph？______A. To imply there is room for improvement in gender equality.B. To indicate more females become leaders in modern times.C. To illustrate female leaders cannot prevent wars in modern times.D. To suggest female leaders have their share of wars in modern times.63. According to the passage，we can safely conclude that ______ .A. married women are not fit to govern their states on their ownB. female leaders should be responsible for all wars throughout historyC. the world wouldn't be more peaceful even if more women took powerD. the division of labor allows queens to survive economic crisisEShort Art CoursesA. Wild ArtThis course is about drawing and painting. You'll use your new skills to make a wall poster of animals. And we've got lots of picture books to give you ideas.B. Art MattersThis course teaches you differentdrawing skills. We'll get you to draw the latest styles of clothes. If you like designing clothes and want to study it at college, join us!C. Creative ArtThis course is about making bags to keep your sports clothes in. We provide lots of materials. And you'll visit art museums to get some creative ideas.D. Art MagicThis course is about telling good storiesin pictures. There'll be cartoon films towatch and instruction in how to draw yourfavorite characters.64. _______ I'm interested in designing clothes and want to study it at college.AliceA. AB. BC. CD. D65. _______ I enjoy making wall posters of animals and I'd like to read picture books.TonyA. AB. BC. CD. D66. _______ I like making hags and want to visit art museums to get creative ideas.HarryA. AB. BC. CD. DFBetty was excited to show her brother David the basket filled with seashells. But David was busy helping Dad get everything back into the car. "What are you going to do with those useless things?" he said. "You can't take them home.""But I want these seashells," Betty said unhappily. "Each one is a different shape and size. They are all special."Suddenly, David saw the water rising along the beach. He shouted to Betty, "The waves(海浪) are about to take your toys!" As Betty ran to get her things, she called to David, "Please put my seashells into the car!"David was putting one of the beach chairs into the car when his foot accidentally knocked over the basket. As David lifted a heavy box, he slipped(滑倒) and dropped the box right on top of the seashells, breaking most of them into pieces.Betty came back with her toys. When she saw her seashells broken, she began to cry. David started to pick up the seashells and place them carefully back into the basket.Dad tried to explain to Betty that it was an accident. But Betty was still upset. David also felt sad. He thought about what he could do to make it up to his sister. When he got home, he had a perfect idea.The next morning David waited for Betty with the basket of seashells and some strong glue. He also had a framed(装框的) photo of the two of them. Together they looked through the basket and found several seashells that were not broken and could still be used. Then they glued the seashells to the frame."I'm really sorry, Betty." David said. "Yesterday I was very careless with something special to you."Betty looked at her brother and smiled. "You're the best big brother ever!"67. What did Betty think of the seashells?A. Clean.B. Useless.C. Expensive.D. Special.68. Betty began to cry when ________.A. she slipped and hurt herselfB. she knocked over the basketC. she saw the broken seashellsD. she told her dad about the accident69. David glued the seashells to the frame to ________.A. make it up to his sisterB. develop his painting skillC. prepare a gift for his dadD. make the picture beautifulGDo you know that over 1/3 of all food produced in the world goes to waste? According to the United Nations (UN), every year around the world, about one billion (十亿) tons of food is wasted. At the same time, there are nearly one billion people who go hungry. Simply 1/4 of the food wasted is enough to keep them out of hunger. In addition, the wasted food produces over three billion tons of carbon dioxide (CO2), which speeds up climate (气候) change. What can we do to solve this food waste problem?One effective solution is balancing food production with demand (需求). In hotels and other similar places, special instruments should be used so that cooking specialists just prepare and cook food as it is ordered.Another effective solution is starting programs to reduce (减少) food waste. Stores and buyers can try their best to be creative in food waste reduction. For example, stores can provide customers with instructions telling them how to make full use of food. Buyers can try not fixing their eyes only on food of the best quality (质量). Sometimes, the food of non-top quality is also good enough to eat, or can be bought and then used to make delicious dishes.。
2022年高考英语虚拟语气讲解及练习题(附答案)
高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设，所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。
根据时间的不同，虚拟条件句可分为三种，即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句（1）表示与现在事实相反If I had enough money now, I would lend it to you.（2）表示与过去事实相反If he had taken your advice, he wouldn’t have made such a bad mistake.（3）表示与将来事实相反I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow.1. 虚拟条件句的倒装在虚拟条件句中，为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性，或突出说话人的一种主观愿望，虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。
虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉if，把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。
例如：Had I been（= If I had been ） in that situation， I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money.Should there be （= If there should be） a drought， what should we do at that time ？2. 错综时间条件句有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致，这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所要表示的具体时间来确定。
例如：If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years ，thing s wouldn’t be going so smoothly.3. 含蓄条件句有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来，而是通过某个介词或介词短语（如：with，otherwise，without，but for，in that position）、上下文或其它方式表现出来。
2023年北京市通州区中考英语一模试卷(附答案详解)
2023年北京市通州区中考英语一模试卷1. Mr.Smith is ______ English teacher.He is very kind to us.（）A. herB. yourC. ourD. their2. Peter often goes to see his uncle ________ Sunday afternoon and they have dinner together.（）A. onB. inC. atD. from3. —_____________ do you want to be a doctor？—Because I want to help people live longer and healthier.（）A. WhatB. WhyC. WhoD. How4. —Tom，__________ you help me take these books to the classroom？—Yes，I can.（）A. canB. mayC. needD. must5. Remember to put on your coat when you go outside，________ you will catch a cold.（）A. orB. butC. andD. so6. I think physics is one of ____________ subjects because I like doing experiments.（）A. interestingB. more interestingC. most interestingD. the most interesting7. Be quiet.Lucy ________ a maths class online and she must listen to the teacher carefully.（）A. hasB. is havingC. will haveD. has had8. —Jack，did you go to see a film last Sunday？—No.I _______ the Palace Museum with my friends and we saw a lot of exhibits there.（）A. visitB. will visitC. visitedD. have visited9. Kate is my classmate.We ________ good friends for more than 5 years.（）A. areB. wereC. will beD. have been10. If you listen to the speech this afternoon，you _________ more knowledge about health.（）A. learnB. learnedC. will learnD. have learned11. —Mary，can you tell me___________ the dictionary？—Oh，yes.I bought it in Xin Hua Bookstore.（）A. where did you buyB. where you boughtC. where do you buyD. where you buy12. I _________ to a birthday party by my friend last Friday and we had a good time there.（）A. inviteB. will be invitedC. invitedD. was invitedDrums in SpaceBrenda was a happy，artistic girl，a girl with one big dream—to play the （1）______ in a band.But one big problem lay in her way.To be good enough to play in a band，Brenda had to practice a lot，but she lived next door to a lot of old people—many of them liked living in the quiet place.She knew that the sound of beating drums would really make them feel nervous.Brenda was a very good，（2）______ girl.She always tried to find a way of practicing her drums without bothering（打扰）other people.So she had tried playing in the strangest places：a basement，a kitchen，and even in a shower.But it was no good，there was always someone to be（3）______ with her when she was practicing it.However，Brenda decided to practice as much as she could，she spent most of her time playing on books and boxes，and looking for new places to practice.One day，while watching a science program on TV，she heard that （4）______ cannot travel in space，because there's no air.At that moment，Brenda decided to become a musical astronaut. With the help of a lot of time，a lot of books and a lot of work，Brenda built a space bubble（气泡）.It was a big glass ball connected to a machine which （5）______ out all the air inside.All those would be left inside were drums and a chair.Brenda put on the space suit she had made，（6）______ the bubble，turned on the machine，then she played the drums like a wild child!It wasn't long before Brenda—"The Musical Astronaut"—had become very famous.So many people came to see her play in her space bubble.Shortly afterwards she came out of the bubble and started giving concerts.Her fame spread so much that the government suggested that she could form part of a unique space journey.Finally，Brenda was a real musical （7）______ ，and had gone far beyond her first dream of playing the drums in a band.Years later，when people asked her how she had achieved all this，she thought for a moment and said，"If those old people next-door didn't （8）______ so much to me，I wouldn't go to such lengths to find a solution，and none of this would have ever happened."13. A. piano B. violin C. guitar D. drums14. A. humorous B. respectful C. confident D. curious15. A. patient B. satisfied C. angry D. pleased16. A. sound B. heat C. light D. electricity17. A. blew B. put C. drew D. found18. A. entered B. collected C. followed D. chose19. A. manager B. scientist C. inventor D. astronaut20. A. show B. matter C. consider D. support21. Read the problems （1）-（3）and match them with the replies （A-C）.I share a bedroom and a desk with my elder sister.I've got exams in a week and I need to reviewmy lessons.But she is too noisy and I can'tfocus on my lessons when she's studyingtoo.The desk is always messy ，so I can't findanything.Can you help me ？（1） ______AIt isn't impossible but you DO have to getstarted NOW.Make a study plan andfollow the study time for each subject.Make a plan for this week and then do the same for the weeks ahead.It's better to study for an hour or so a day than just once a week ，all day.Your brain needs time to remember the information. My problem is time —or lack （缺乏）of it!Next month I've got 3 exams in three weeks.How can I possibly study for all of them It's too hard for me.I think it's impossible to finish all the things.Can you help me ？ （2） ______BYour problem isn't silly at all!It's verycommon and lots of people experience the same thing as you.You can join a study group to study together.Take turns to give presentations （展示）and teach others what you know.It's called"peer teaching"and it is a good way to improve yourself.My problem is silly and a bit embarrassing （令人尴尬的）.I just find it hard to study.I always stop and start ，sometimes I think I'm learning the wrong things.I don't know what to do.I don't think you can really help me.（3） ______ CWhy don't you discuss with your sister sothat you can use the desk a differenttimes Or maybe you can study at thelocal library or cultural centre for a few days this week.Put your own things inyour drawer ，and ask your sister to do so It can help you find your things easily.(1)(2)(3)OAlice and Betty were best friends.They had known each other since Betty moved here in the 2nd grade.They hung out almost every day after school.They were very different people.Alice did great with her schoolwork，read quietly and took ballet classes.Betty，on the other hand，would rather play soccer，chat with other kids at school and hardly sat still for long enough to finish reading a book.Often，Alice and Betty would play together at the park across the street.They'd play on the sports equipment or play soccer.Sometimes they could not agree on what to do."Come on，let's play on the equipment.We've played soccer for the last three days!"Alice said."I love playing soccer.I don't want to play on the equipment."Betty replied."We always do what you want to do，Betty，it's my turn to choose."Alice was getting frustrated."Fine，go to play on the equipment by yourself，I'm playing soccer!"Betty shouted.Alice left angrily.When she got home，Alice realized she still had Betty's notebook."Well，I'm not giving it back today.I'm too mad at her."Alice thought.The next day at school，their teacher asked for their notebooks.Betty didn't have hers and their teacher Mrs.Stone was angry with her.Betty looked sad and walked quietly back to her desk.Alice knew she should tell Mrs.Stone that she had the notebook，but she was still mad at Betty.When it was time for lunch，Alice came back to talk with Mrs.Stone."Mrs.Stone，I have Betty's notebook.I should have said something earlier，but we had a problem yesterday，and I'm still mad at her.Could you help us solve our problem？"Alice asked."Thank you for being honest，Alice.I'm sure Betty will be happy that you give me her notebook.I'm glad you asked for help in solving the problem."After class，Mrs.Stone sat and talked with the girls.Mrs.Stone helped them realize that maybe they didn't have to play together every day.They decided to just play together a couple of times a week，and take turns picking the activity.They were very happy to solve the problem.22. What do we know about Alice and Betty？______A. They had different hobbies.B. They liked doing the same activities.C. Betty was a quiet girl but Alice was active.D. Both of them loved reading and playing soccer.23. Alice was angry because ______ .A. Betty didn't want to play soccer with herB. Betty didn't care about her feelingsC. she couldn't find her notebook at homeD. her friend took away her notebook by mistake24. They would probably ______ after talking with Mrs.Stone.A. respect their parents' suggestionsB. have ballet classes togetherC. play soccer together every dayD. take turns making decisionsPWhen you tell the truth，your brain doesn't have to do anything out of the ordinary.But lying takes much more work.Science shows why lying can be hard on more than just your conscience（良知）.It can also impair（减弱）how well you can think.Imagine you are late for class and you decide to lie.Now you have to come up with a reason or make a story.If your teacher asks questions，you must quickly decide how to respond.So you say："I had to stop by the library and pick up a book."Your teacher asks："The book I assigned（布置的）last week？"Immediately，you must decide how to respond—and quickly.If you say yes，the teacher might ask to see the book.Or she might expect you to read from it in class.So，you have to imagine these possibilities.So you might say："No.It was a different book"In this situation，you must figure out（想出）what you need to say to keep this whole lie from falling apart.When you are lying，you give your brain a ton of extra work.A lot of that work is done in the prefrontal cortex（前额皮质）.It's the part of the brain in charge of working memory.And it keeps things in mind for a short while.The prefrontal cortex also plays a role in other mental skills.Some examples are planning，problem-solving and self-control.Scientists call these skills"executive function"（执行功能）.You use your executive function in many ways when you lie.You might use self control，for example.It stops you from blurting out（脱口而出）the truth.Calling on your executive function uses up a lot of brain power.There's less left over for other things.The brain is obtuse when it switches （转换）between lying andtruth-telling.It also makes more mistakes.Victoria Talwar studies lying in children and she says that there are things people can do to encourage honesty.Young people want to make others feel good，so finding ways to support their friends while still being truthful is one strategy."When people's friends are truthful with them，"she says，"it creates a culture of honesty among them."she argues，"it will build stronger friendships."She adds that it's more important to reward people for telling the truth.Telling important truths can be hard.She says sharing those truths feels good.25. When people are lying，they have to ______A. figure out what extra work they need to prepareB. find enough time to decide how to respond to othersC. avoid using the executive function to tell the truthD. imagine possible answers to keep the lie from falling apart26. The word obtuse in Paragraph 6 probably means ______ .A. clearB. quickC. slowD. relaxed27. The passage is mainly about ______ .A. how much extra work your brain can affordB. why telling lies will steal people's brainpowerC. why telling lies is a matter of conscienceD. how a culture of honesty builds stronger friendshipsQThink back to when you were in a classroom，maybe a maths classroom and the teacher set a difficult problem.Which of the two following responses is closer to the way you reactedA：Oh no，this is too hard for me.I'm not even going to seriously try and work it out.B：Ah，this is quite hard but I like to push myself.Even if I don't get the answer right，maybe I'll learn something in the attempt （尝试）.Early in her career，the psychologist Carol Dweck of Stanford University gave a group often-year-olds problems that were slightly too hard for them.One group reacted positively，said they loved challenge and understood that their abilities could be developed.She said they had a"growth mindset"and focused on what they could achieve in the future.But another group of children felt that their intelligence was being judged and they had failed.They had a"fixed mindset"and were unable to imagine improving.These students even looked for someone who had done worse than them to boost （提升）their self-esteem （自尊）Professor Dweck believes that there is a problem in education at the moment.For years，children have been praised for their intelligence or talent，but thus makes them vulnerable （脆弱的）to failure.They want to please by getting high grades，but they are not necessarily interested in learning for its own sake（目的）.The solution，according to Dweck，is to praise the process that children are engaged（忙于）in：making an effort，using learning strategies，persevering（坚持）and improving This way they will become mastery-oriented （interested in getting better at something）and will achieve more She thinks that keeping working hard over time is the key to outstanding achievement. Psychologists have been testing these theories.Students were taught that if they left their comfort zone and learned something new and difficult，the neurons （神经元）in their brains would form stronger connections，making them more intelligent.These students made faster progress than acontrol group.In another study，some underperforming school children were exposed（接触）to growth mindset skills for a year.The results were surprising.They came top in tests，beating children from much more better schools.These children had previously （以前）felt that making an effort was a sign of stupidity，but they came to see it as the key to learning.So，back to our original question.If you answered B，well done—you already have a growth mindset.If A，don't worry，everyone can become mastery-oriented with a little effort andself-awareness.28. A growth mindset person is the one who ______ .A. focuses on what he has achieved at presentB. faces challenges positively to help himself growC. looks for someone who did worse than himD. is unwilling to experience what he doesn't know29. What can we learn from Professor Dweck's study______A. Praising children for their intelligence has a positive influence on learning.B. A person with a fixed mindset can easily improve himself in his comfort zone.C. Intelligence or talent is the key to people's outstanding achievement.D. Guiding students to focus on learning process can help them achieve more.30. The writer would agree that ______ .A. testing students often can make them more intelligentB. keeping working hard makes people vulnerable to failureC. practicing growth mindset skills helps students get improvementD. staying in the comfort zone is a good way to boost students' self-esteem31. What is the writer's main purpose in writing this passage？______A. To encourage people to develop a growth mindset.B. To explain a scientific experiment about intelligence.C. To discuss what the true meaning of achievement is.D. To compare the differences between growth mindset and fixed mindset.32. 阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。
2024年北京高考英语试卷(附答案)
2024年北京高考英语试卷（附答案）英语第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节(共10小题;每小题 1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
I’d just arrived at school,ready for another school day.I was reading a book in the classroom when there was an___1___.“Today at1:10there will be auditions(面试)for a musical.”My friends all jumped up in excitement and asked me,“Will you be going,Amy?”“Sure,”I said.I had no___2___in drama,but I’d try out because my friends were doing it.At1:10,there was a___3___outside the drama room.Everyone looked energetic.I hadn’t expected I’d be standing there that morning.But now that I was doing it,I___4___felt nervous.What if I wasn’t any good?I entered the room and the teachers made me say some lines from the musical.They then___5___my singing skills and asked what role I wanted to play.The teachers were smiling and praising me.I felt like I had a___6___, so I said,“A big role.”They said they’d look into it.I started getting really nervous.What if I didn’t get a main role?Soon,the cast list was___7___.My friends checked and came back shouting,“Amy,you got the main role!”Sure enough,my name was at the top.I just stared at it and started to___8___.I was so happy.After two months we were all prepared and ready to go on stage.It was fun.And when people started___9___, that gave me a boost of confidence.It stayed with me and made me feel___10___.I realised that by trying something new,I can have fun—even if it means stepping out of my comfort zone.1.A.assignment B.initiative C.announcement D.interview2.A.hesitancy B.interest C.worry D.regret3.A.game B.show C.play D.line4.A.suddenly B.continuously C.originally D.generally5.A.advertised B.tested C.challenged D.polished6.A.demand B.credit C.dream D.chance7.A.traded B.posted C.questioned D.claimed8.A.well up B.roll in C.stand out D.go off9.A.whispering B.arguing C.clapping D.stretching10.A.funnier B.fairer C.cleverer D.braver【答案】1.C 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.B 6.D7.B8.A9.C10.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。
北京市丰台区三年(2020-2022)高考英语模拟试题分题型分层-写作
Yours,
Li Hu
三、感谢信/祝贺信
3．（2020·北京丰台·统考一模）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim发来邮件询问你近期在家通过网络学习的情况。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：
1. 你每天的学习安排；
2. 你的收获。
注意：1. 词数不少于50；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
五、其他应用文
6．（2021·北京丰台·统考一模）假如你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国笔友Chris和你都喜欢观察和记录生活。他在邮件中询问你记录生活的方式，请你回复邮件，内容包括：
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2022年北京市丰台区高考英语一模试卷一、选词填空•句子(本大题共3小题，共15.0分)Space exploration began in 1957, when the first artificial satellite was launched by the Soviet Union.Yuri Gagarin 11(1)( become) the first person to orbit (环绕) the earth in 1961.In 1969, Neil Armstrong was the first person to walk 1 (2) the moon.Sincethen,space exploration has advanced very (3)(rapid ).It has produced much (4) (amaze) technology that brings changes to the world.1.Leaf-cutter ants are interesting. (1) (look) for leaves,the larger ants usually go out ingroups.They bite off bits of leaves and carry them back.Watching these ants march in single file,carrying leaves,is quite a sight.These ants can carry a leaf that ⑵ (weigh) 20 times more than they do.The leaves ⑶ (collect) by the ants are not for eating.They are brought back so fungus (真菌)can grow on them.The fungus is the food for the ants.(1)(2)3. Storyboards are a set of drawings to tell a story and a powerful way to visually presentinformation.The original storyboards, (1) were used in movie-making,showed stories broken up into pieces.Each piece of the story (2) (draw) out on a card and stuck to a board inorder.People were then able to talk about and revise the story by checking one part at atime.That is (3) I know about storyboards.(1)(2)二、阅读理解(本大题共14小题，共28.0分)ADear Jim O' Connor,My name is Annie Le and I am writing to you on behalf of the Native Health Community Garden,a group of people working on starting a community garden in the Mesa Neighborhood. be all the time but minimising waste and choosing refills where you can will makea positive difference.(1)What are refill shops?(2)According to the passage,what is the most important value of refill shopping?(3)Please decide which part is false in the following statement,then underline it and explainwhy.A Refill shops are built in communities within walking distance because driving to theseshops can cost money.(4)In reality,refill shops have not won much popularity yet.What do you think might be thepossible reason (s) ? ( In about 40 words)34.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。
你校来自英国的交换生Jim发邮件请你推荐一门学校特色课程。
请你用英文给他回复邮件，内容包括：1.你推荐的课程；2,你的理由。
注意：1 .词数100左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,第10页，共22页答案和解析1 .【答案】became【解析】(1) became.考查代词时态。
句意：在1961年,Yuri Gagarin成为第一位环绕地球轨道的人。
根据时间状语in 1961可知，时态应是一般过去时，故谓语动词变过去式，故填became o(2)on.考查介词。
句意：1969年，Neil Armstrong是第一个在月球上行走的人。
根据句意可知，此处考查短语on the moon,表示“在月球上”。
介词on表示"在……上”，故填on。
(3)rapidly.考查副词。
句意：从那时起，太空探索取得了非常快速的进展。
根据句意及句子结构可知，此处用副词rapidly,作状语，修饰advanced,表示“讯速地”，故填rapidly。
(4)amazing.考查形容词。
句意：它产生了许多令人惊叹的技术，为世界带来了改变。
根据句子结构可知，此处用形容词amazing,作定语，修饰名词technology,表示“令人惊叹的”，故填amazing。
这是一篇说明文。
文章介绍了太空探索及其它的的变化。
做此题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识。
本类型的题目常考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等。
因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识。
2•【答案】【小题l】Tok)ok【小题2】weighs[小题3] collected【解析】(1) To look.考查动词不定式。
句意：为了寻找树叶，较大的蚂蚁通常成群外出。
分析句式结构可知，此处用非谓语中的动词不定式作目的状语，表示“为了“寻找树叶，又因为位于句首，所以首字母要大写。
故填To look。
(2)weighs.考查动词时态和主谓一致。
句意：这些蚂蚁能搬动比自己重20倍的树叶。
结合句意，分析句子可知，描述事实，所以用一般现在时态，提示词weigh表示"重……；有……重"，是that引导的定语从句中谓语动词，先行词a leaf是单数名词，是从句中作主语，所以从句谓语动词也用第三人称单数形式。
故填weighs o(3)collected.考查过去分词。
句意：蚂蚁采集的叶子不是用来吃的。
分析句式结构可知，此处用非谓语作后置定语，因为所给提示词collect与其逻辑主语The leaves之间是被动关系，所以应该用过去分词作后置定语。
故填collectedo 这是一篇说明文。
文章主要介绍了一种蚂蚁的生活习性。
做此题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识。
本类型的题目常考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等。
因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识。
3•【答案】【小题1】which【小题2】was drawn[小题3] what【解析】(1) which.考查定语从句关系词。
句意：最初的情节串连图板，用于电影制作，展示了被分割成碎片的故事。
分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限定性定语从句, 句中先行词为storyboards,指物，在非限定性定语从句中作主语，所以应用关系代词which 引导，故填which。
(2)was drawn.考查时态和语态。
句意：故事的每一局部都画在一张卡片上，并按顺序粘在一块木板上。
根据语境可知，此处是在陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。
主语each piece of the story与draw之间为被动关系，所以应用一般过去时的被动语态，根据主语each piece of the story 可知，be 动词应用was,故填was drawn0(3)what.考查名词性从句连接词。
句意：这就是我对情节串连图板的了解。
分析句子结构可知，本句为表语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物，所以应用连接代词what引导，故填whato 本文是一片说明文。
文章主要介绍了作者对情节串连图板的了解语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
4〜6.【答案】A、C、B第12页，共22页【解析】（1） A.细节理解题。
根据第二段"We are asking about the possibility of using your land as the site of our garden.（我们想向您询问将您的土地用作我们花园场地的可能性。
）”及第五段"Issues may include discussing an agreement rental charges,garden rules,and water access.All the costs for the project will be covered by us.（问题可能包括讨论协议租金，花园规那么和用水。
所有工程的费用都是我们出。
）”可知，AnnieLe给JimOConnor写信的目的是想租Jim OConnor的地。
应选A。
（2） C.细节理解题。
根据第三段"Community gardens improve the quality of life,offer more chances to talk to each other and beautify neighborhoods while providing green food and therefore reducing the household cost of food.（社区花园可以改善生活质量，提供了更多相互交谈的机会，美化了社区，同时提供了绿色食物，从而降低了家庭食物本钱。