投资学 chapter 5
投资学精要(博迪)(第五版)习题答案英文版chapter5综述

Essentials of Investments (BKM 5th Ed.Answers to Selected Problems – Lecture 60 –300Purchase of three shares at $100 each. 1 –208Purchase of two shares at $110 less dividend income on three shares held. 2 110 Dividends on five shares plus sale of one share at price of $90 each. 3 396Dividends on four shares plus sale of four shares at price of $95 each. 396|||110 |Date: 1/1/96 1/1/97 1/1/98 1/1/99| || || || 208300The Dollar-weighted return can be determined by doing an internal rate of return (IRRcalculation. In other words, set the present value of the outflows equal to the presentvalue of the inflows (or the net present value to zero: %1661. 0001661. 01(396 1(110 1(208300321−=−=+++=++R R R3. b.5. We need to distinguish between timing and selection abilities. The intercept of the scatterdiagram is a measure of stock selection ability. If the manager tends to have a positive excess return even when the market’s performance is merely ‘neutral’ (i.e., has zero excess return, then we conclude that the manager has on average made good stock picks – stock selection must be the source of the positive excess returns.Timing ability is indicated by curvature in the plotted line. Lines that become steeper as you move to the right of the graph show good timing ability. An upward curvedrelationship indicates that the portfolio was more sensitive to market moves when the market was doing well and less sensitive to market moves when the market was doingpoorly -- this indicates good market timing skill. A downward curvature would indicate poor market timing skill.We can therefore classify performance ability for the four managers as follows:a. Bad Goodb. Good Goodc. Good Badd. Bad Bad9. The manager’s alpha is:10 - [6 + 0.5(14-6] = 010. a α(A = 24 - [12 + 1.0(21-12] = 3.0%α(B = 30 - [12 + 1.5(21-12] = 4.5%T(A = (24 - 12/1 = 12T(B = (30-12/1.5 = 12As an addition to a passive diversified portfolio, both A and B are candidates because they both have positive alphas.b (i The funds may have been trying to time the market. In that case, the SCL of the funds may be non-linear (curved.(ii One year’s worth of data is too small a sample to make clear conclusions.(iii The funds may have significantly different levels of diversification. If both have the same risk-adjusted return, the fund with the less diversified portfolio has a higher exposure to risk because of its higher firm-specific risk. Since the above measure adjusts only for systematic risk, it does not tell the entire story.11. a Indeed, the one year results were terrible, but one year is a short time period from whichto make clear conclusions. Also, the Board instructed the manager to give priority to long-term results.b The sample pension funds had a much larger share in equities compared to Alpine’s. Equities performed much better than bonds. Also, Alpine was told to hold down risk investing at most 25% in equities. Alpine should not be held responsible for an asset allocation policy dictated by the client.c Alpine’s alpha measures its risk-adjusted performance compared to the market’s:α = 13.3 - [7.5 + 0.9(13.8 - 7.5] = 0.13%, which is actually above zero!d Note that the last five years, especially the last one, have been bad for bonds – and Alpine was encouraged to hold bonds. Within this asset class, Alpine did much better than the index funds. Alpine’s performance within each asset class has been superior on a risk-adjusted basis. Its disappointing performance overall was due to a heavy asset allocation weighting toward bonds, which was the Board’s –not Alpine’s – choice.e A trustee may not care about the time-weighted return, but that return is moreindicative of the manager’s performance. After all, the manager has no control over the cash inflow of the fund.。
C投资学七版第5章课件2

风险与风险厌恶本章教学目标•解释某些基础概念•说明M-V 标准.•解释资产风险与资产组合风险§5 概要•风险(Risk)与风险厌恶(Risk Aversion)•资产风险(Asset Risk)与(Portfolio Risk)§5.1 风险与风险厌恶•与利率相关的基础概念。
•与风险相关的基础概念。
•风险厌恶与效用价值。
•均方差标准(M-V 标准)与无差异曲线(indifference curve)§5.1.1 与利率相关的概念•名义利率与实际利率(Real and nominal rates of interest)¤例子:假设在一年前某投资者存$1,000 定期存款,存款利率为10%。
一年到期日的存款本息为$ 1,100 。
投资者所得$100 利息是真的吗? ¤名义利率(Nominal interest rate)和实际利率(a real interest rate)-名义利率表示货币增长率,实际利率表示购买力的增长率。
-理由就是存在一个通货膨胀率(inflation rate )。
§5.1.1 与利率相关的基础概念•名义利率与实际利率-名义利率与实际利率的关系如下:§5.1.1 与利率相关的基础概念•均衡实际利率(The equilibrium real rate of interest)¤三个基本部门:供给方、需求方和政府,决定了实际利率,另外,预期通胀率影响名义利率。
¤图5.1 表示均衡实际利率与均衡名义利率。
横轴表示资金量,纵轴表示实际利率。
§5.1.1与利率相关的基础概念¤均衡利率指资金供求双方交互作用点的利率,见图5.1.的E点。
§5.1.1 与利率相关的基础概念§5.1.2 与风险相关的基础概念•风险(Risk)¤风险指收益率的不确定性。
¤例如,假设某投资者正考虑投资。
西财《投资学》教学资料包 课后习题答案 第五章

第五章证券投资工具一、思考题1.普通股票的权益有哪些?它和优先股票的区别是什么?(1)普通股股东享有的权利。
普通股股票持有者按其所持有股份的比例享有以下几种基本权利:①公司决策参与权。
普通股股东有权参与股东大会,并有建议权、表决权和选举权,也可以委托他人代表其行使股东权利。
②利润分配权。
普通股股东有权从公司利润分配中得到股息。
普通股的股息是不固定的,由公司的赢利状况及其分配政策决定。
普通股股东必须在优先股股东取得固定股息之后,才有权享受股息分配权。
③优先认股权。
如果公司需要扩张而增发普通股股票时,现有普通股股东有权按其持股比例,以低于市价的特定价格优先购买一定数量的新发行股票,从而保持其对企业所有权的原有比例。
④剩余资产分配权。
当公司破产或清算时,若公司的资产在偿还欠债后还有剩余,其剩余部分按先优先股股东、后普通股股东的顺序进行分配。
(2)优先股股东享有的权利。
优先股是相对于普通股而言的,主要是指在利润分配及剩余财产分配的权利方面优先于普通股。
优先股股东享有以下两种权利:①在公司分配赢利时,持有优先股的股东比持有普通股的股东优先参与分配,而且享受固定数额的股息,即优先股的股息率都是固定的(普通股的股息却不固定)。
分配股数视公司赢利情况而定,利多多分,利少少分,无利不分,上不封顶,下不保底。
②在公司解散,分配剩余财产时,优先股股东先于普通股股东参与分配。
2.试述我国的股权结构及其问题。
我国的股权结构包括国有股、法人股、社会公众股和外资股。
我国股权结构存在股权分置现象。
所谓股权分置,是指上市公司股东所持向社会公开发行的股份在证券交易所上市交易,称为流通股,而公开发行前股份暂不上市交易,称为非流通股。
这种同一上市公司股份分为流通股和非流通股的股权分置状况,为中国内地证券市场所独有。
3.什么是债券?它的特征和收益有哪些?按债券发行主体及债券形态的不同分类,债券有哪些类型?债券是国家政府、金融机构、企业等机构直接向社会借债时,向投资者发行,承诺按规定利率支付利息,并按约定条件偿还本金的债权债务凭证。
证券投资学(第二版)第05章金融衍生工具

接上例:
如果2008年9月15日,国际原油的现货价格是110 美元/桶,交易商B在以90美元/桶从A处买入1万桶
原油后,马上就可以以110美元/桶的价格出售,
因此获利为200000美元((110-90)×10000);相
应的,交易商A以90美元/桶的价格出售了市价为
110美元/桶的原油1万桶,因此收益为-200000美
1
0.065
92 360
11
2.远期外汇合约
远期外汇合约(Forward Exchange Contracts): 双方约定在将来某一时间按约定的远期汇 率买卖一定金额的某种外汇的合约。
按照远期的开始时期划分,远期外汇合约 又分为直接远期外汇合约(Outright Forward Foreign Exchange Contracts)和远期外汇综 合协议(Synthetic Agreement for Forward
■ 远期合约的要素
■ 标的资产 ■ 合约的多空方 ■ 合约到期日 ■ 标的资产的交割数量 ■ 标的资产的远期价格
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■ 2.到期日损益的计算
假设远期合约到期日为T,标的资产的远期 价格为fT,到期日标的资产的现货价格为ST,
远期合约的多头方在每单位资产上的到期损益
PL为: PL ST fT
同理,合约空头方在每单位资产上的到期
1. 标的资产标准化 2. 交易数量标准化 3. 报价标准化 4. 合约的到期和交割 5. 风险控制
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5.2.4期货交易的结算
■ 期货交易的间接清算和损益实现
支付价格
支付价格
期货合约 买方
清算公司
期货合约 卖方
交割资产
交割资产
付结算金的日期; 确定日(Fixing Date):确定参照利率的日期; 到期日(Maturity Date):名义借贷到期的日期; 合同期(Contract Period):结算日至到期日之间的天数; 合同利率(Contract Rate):在协议中双方商定的借贷利率; 参照利率(Reference Rate):在确定日用以确定结算金的在协议中指定的某
投资学 第五章(课堂PPT)

(116.64 1)100% 9.01% 107
f2
(1 S2 )2 1 S1
1
23
一般公式:
ft
(1 St )t (1 St1)t1
1
式中: St 即期利率 f t 第t年的远期利率
24
3、到期收益率:可以使投资购买债券获得的未来 现金流量的现值等于债券当前市价的贴现率。
i 101.94 100 100% 1.94% 100
名义利率
i 1 r 1
1 p
实际利率
通货膨胀率
i r p
5
三、终值与现值 1、终值 (1)单利法
年份 年初资金
1
P
2 P(1+i)
…
…
n P[1+(n-1)i]
年末利息
Pi Pi
…
Pi
年末本利和
P+Pi=P(1+i)
P(1+i)+ Pi =P(1+2i)
1
本章主要内容
➢货币的时间价值 ➢利率的决定 ➢利率的期限结构 ➢无风险条件下债券投资价值的评估
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第一节 货币的时间价值
一、无风险收益与货币的时间价值
无风险收益:投资于无风险证券获得的收益。 无风险证券:能够按时履约的固定收入证券。 货币的时间价值:投资者因投资而推迟消费所作 出牺牲支付的报酬。
C
C
CF
Pm
1 r
(1 r)2
(1 r)n
式中: F为债券面值;C为按票面利率每年支付的利息;
Pm为当前市场价格;r为到期收益率
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例:考虑三种国债,A、B、C,债券A一年到期, 到期投资者得到100元,债券B两年到期,到期投 资者得到100元,债券C为附息债券,从现在起一 年后,向投资者支付5元,两年后到期时,再支付 给投资者105元,这些债券现在在市场出售的价格
投资学第五章投资分析

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二、宏观经济分析
❖ ② 失业率 指劳动力人口中失业人数所占的比例。
❖ ③通货膨胀率 指物价指数总水平与国民生产总值(GNP)实际增长率 之差。
国家统计局:10月份工业品出厂价格同比上涨6.6%-[中财网]
➢ 增加财政补贴→扩大财政支出→股价上涨
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二、宏观经济分析
2、货币政策分析 (1)、货币政策工具
一般性政策工具
法定存款准备金率 再贴现政策
公开市场业务
选择性政策工具
直接信用控制 间接信用指导
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二、宏观经济分析
(2)、货币政策对证券市场的影响分析
❖ 紧的货币政策:减少货币供应量,提高利率,加强信 贷控制,股价下跌。
(3)收入政策变化对证券市场的影响 ❖ 超分配政策 → 增加收入 → 证券价格上涨 ❖ 紧分配政策 → 减少收入 → 证券价格下跌
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二、宏观经济分析
(二)宏观经济运行状况分析
1、评价宏观经济形势的基本指标 (1)、国民经济总体指标
❖ ①国内生产总值(GDP)与经济增长率
●国内生产总值(GDP)指应该国家(或地区)所有常住居民 在一定时期内生产的的最终结果。
严重的通涨
价格上升 价格下跌
债券
价格下跌 价格下跌
价格下跌
4、通货紧缩对证券市场的影响 通货紧缩造成经济衰退和经济萧条,消费和投资下降, 严重影响投资者对证券市场的信心,股票、债券的价 格大幅下降。
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二、宏观经济分析
(三)国际经济环境分析 1、国际贸易关系与证券分析 2、国际金融市场状况与证券分析 3、国际利率、汇率与证券分析
(本科)投资学NO5教学课件

第一节 投资组合的收益和风险
因此,公式(5-3)转化为: 当其他不变时,ρ12越高组合方差就越大。当两只证券完全 正相关时,即当ρ12=1时,公式(5-12)可以简化为
第一节 投资组合的收益和风险
资产的相关性越小,有效收 益越大。
因此,组合标准差就是两个收益完全正相关的证券标 准差的加权平均。在其他情况下,相关系数小于1使得 组合标准差小于两个资产标准差的加权平均。
第一节 投资组合的收益和风险
第一节 投资组合的收益和风险
第一节 投资组合的收益和风险
公式(5-3)表明,如果协方差为负,那么组合的方差会 降低。但是,即使协方差为正,组合标准差仍低于两个 证券标准差的加权平均,除非两个证券是完全正相关的。 为了证明这一点,我们注意到协方差可以由相关系数ρ12 计算得到
根据公式(5-2)可得,该投资者的预期收 益率为: E(RP)=260%×29%+(-160%)×11%=57.8%
第一节 投资组合的收益和风险
(二) 两种证券组合的风险
分散投资可以降低组合风险。与衡量单个资产风险的 方法不太一样,衡量资产组合的风险除用方差外,还 要考虑相关性,即两种资产的收益率一起变化的程度。 根据概率论的相关知识,使用协方差计算两种证券组 合的风险可以表示为:
第一节 投资组合的收益和风险
股票A和股票B的收益率变动的协方差为:
第一节 投资组合的收益和风险
【例5-3】某投资者打算投资小盘股基金 Nhomakorabea和普通债券 基金B,它们的期望收益率和标准差如表5-4所示,两 只基金收益率的相关系数为0.1。如果投资者要求组合 的收益率为12%,那么每只基金各占的比例应是多少? 构造的投资组合的标准差是多少?
第一节 投资组合的收益和风险
投资学第五章习题集

第五章习题集一、判断题1.资本市场线是可到达最好市场配置线。
2.资本资产定价模型假设投资者是有一样预期。
3.在资本资产定价模型假设下,市场对证券或证券组合非系统风险提供风险补偿。
4.资本资产定价模型在市场非有效情况下也是成立。
5.市场均衡条件下,最优风险资产组合构成与投资者风险收益偏好相关。
6.别离定理是先确定最优风险资产组合,再在最优风险资产组合与无风险资产比例之间进展选择。
7.资本市场线与证券市场线具有一样含义。
8.资本市场线横坐标是证券组合收益率标准差,纵坐标是证券组合收期望收益。
9.资本市场线斜率就是夏普比率。
10.当资产组合股票数量n趋向于无穷大时候,该资产组合风险将为0。
11.某一证券与市场组合协方差越大,其期望收益也越大。
12.证券市场线是无风险资产与最优资产组合线性组合。
13.β值称作β系数,是一种衡量某一证券个体风险指标。
14.在资本资产定价模型根本假设成立前提下,投资者是不可能找到比资本市场线上投资组合更优投资组合。
15.证券市场线代表某一证券或证券组合预期收益率与之所承当系统性风险成正比一种关系式。
16.利率风险不属于系统性风险。
17.β系数就是该目标资产与市场组合协方差相对市场组合方差比值。
18.CML与SML都是用均值-方差方法来衡量投资组合预期收益与投资风险。
19.无效组合位于证券市场线上,而有效组合仅位于资本市场线上。
20.特征线方程统计回归中截距项代表是该证券常数收益率。
21.β系数代表是该证券所承当系统性风险。
22.风险就意味着亏损,或者是亏损概率变大。
23.有效组合再组合仍是有效组合。
24.信用风险就是所谓违约风险。
25.随着投资组合中证券数量增加,非系统性风险下降是先慢后快。
26.不同投资者会有不同最优风险资产组合。
27.一般可以认为3年期国债利率就是无风险收益率。
28.无风险资产配置比例高于最优风险资产组合投资者属于风险厌恶型。
29.系统风险是一种可分散风险。
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Sample question:You have the following rates of return for a risky portfolio for several recent years:1. If you invested $1,000 at the beginning of 2005 your investment at the end of 2008 would be worth ___________.A. $2,176.60B. $1,785.56C. $1,645.53D. $1,247.87If you invest 1,000, at the end of year one, you will have 1000*(1+35.23%),At the end of year 2, you will have 1000*(1+35.23%)*(1+18.67%), do the same work for year 3 and 4, then$1000(1+35.23%)(1+18.67%)(1 -9.87%)(1+23.45%) = $1785.562. The annualized average return on this investment isA. 16.15%B. 16.87%C. 21.32%D. 15.60%Because geometric average rate of return is more accurate, we will use geometric average rate of return here.Geometric average rate of return=((1+r_1)(1+r_2)*…(1+r_n))^(1/n)-1, then we haveHint: we have already calculated 1000(1+35.23%)(1+18.67%)(1 -9.87%)(1+23.45%) = $1785.56, thus (1+35.23%)(1+18.67%)(1 -9.87%)(1+23.45%)=1.7856.1. You put up $50 at the beginning of the year for an investment. The value of the investment grows 4% and you earn a dividend of $3.50. Your HPR was _D___.A. 4.00%B. 3.50%C. 7.00%D. 11.00%2. The geometric average of -12%, 20% and 25% is _____C____.A. 8.42%B. 11.00%C. 9.70%D. 18.88%3. The excess return is the ____B_____.A. rate of return that can be earned with certaintyB. rate of return in excess of the Treasury bill rateC. rate of return to risk aversionD. index return4. Your investment has a 20% chance of earning a 30% rate of return, a 50% chance of earning a 10% rate of return and a 30% chance of losing 6%. What is your expected D return on this investment? DA. 12.8%B. 11.0%C. 8.9%D. 9.2%5. Your investment has a 40% chance of earning a 15% rate of return, a 50% chance of earning a 10% rate of return and a 10% chance of losing 3%. What is the standard deviation of this investment? 10.7% AA. 5.14%B. 7.59%C. 9.29%D. 8.43%6. Both investors and gamblers take on risk. The difference between an investor and a gambler is that an investor ____B___.A. is normally risk neutralB. requires a risk premium to take on the riskC. knows he or she will not lose moneyD. knows the outcomes at the beginning of the holding period7. Treasury bills are paying a 4% rate of return. A risk averse investor with a risk aversion of A = 3 should invest in a risky portfolio with a standard deviation of 24% only if the risky portfolio's expected return is at least __C____.A. 8.67%B. 9.84%C. 12.64%D. 14.68%8. Two assets have the following expected returns and standard deviations when the risk-free rate is 5%:11 15.9An investor with a risk aversion of A = 3 would find that ________C_________ on a risk return basis.A. only Asset A is acceptableB. only Asset B is acceptableC. neither Asset A nor Asset B is acceptableD. both Asset A and Asset B are acceptable9. You purchased a share of stock for $29. One year later you received $2.25 as dividend and sold the share for $28. Your holding-period return was ______C___.A. -3.57%B. - 3.45%C. 4.31%D. 8.03%10. The holding period return on a stock was 25%. Its ending price was $18 and its beginning price was $16. Its cash dividend must have been ___C______.A. $0.25B. $1.00C. $2.00D. $4.0011. An investor invests 70% of her wealth in a risky asset with an expected rate of return of 15% and a variance of 5% and she puts 30% in a Treasury bill that pays 5%. Her portfolio's expected rate of return and standard deviation are _______C___ and__________ respectively.A. 10.0%, 6.7%B. 12.0%, 22.4%C. 12.0%, 15.7%D. 10.0%, 35.0%12. Consider the following two investment alternatives. First, a risky portfolio that pays 15% rate of return with a probability of 40% or 5% with a probability of 60%. Second, a treasury bill that pays 6%. The risk premium on the risky investment is ____B_____.A. 1%B. 3%C. 6%D. 9%13. What is the geometric average return of the following quarterly returns: 3%, 5%, 4%, and 7%, respectively? CA. 3.72%B. 4.23%C. 4.74%D. 4.90%You have the following rates of return for a risky portfolio for several recent years. Assume that the stock pays no dividends14. What is the geometric average return for the period? CA. 2.87%B. 0.74%C. 2.60%D. 2.21%15. What is the dollar weighted return over the entire time period? BA. 2.87%B. 0.74%C. 2.60%D. 2.21%。