高速钢钻头扩孔、钻孔的切削用量

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机械加工切削用量

机械加工切削用量

说明组合机床在大多数情况下是采用多刀同时加工,在同一个主轴箱上往往有各种不同的刀具,而共用一个进给系统。

因此,组合机床切削用量的选择,用计算的办法是比较复杂的。

下面参照现场采用的切削用量和一些经验数据列出了组合机床常用的切削用量,供设计时参考。

用高速钢钻头加工铸铁件的切削用虽注:当采用硬质合金钻头加工铸铁时,切削速度一般为20~30米/分。

用高速钢钻头加工钢件的切削用虽在钻深孔时,上述两表中所列数值应进行修正;表中所列V应除以Kv ;表中所列s应乘以Kso当用高速钢钻头在铸铁件上钻深孔时,Ks=1, Kv见下表:当用高速钢钻头在钢件上钻深孔或用硬质合金钻头在铸铁件上钻深孔时,Kv、Ks见下表:用高速钢钻头加工铝及铝合金的切削用虽用高速钢钻头加工黄铜及青铜的切削用虽用高速钢皎刀皎孔的切削用虽注:用硬质合金皎刀加工铸铁件时, V =8~10米/分,加工铝件时,V =12~20米/分。

用高速钢扩孔钻扩孔的切削用虽注:、当用硬质合金扩孔钻加工铸铁件时,切削速度加工钢件时,切削速度v =35~60m/min2、mm :毫米;m/min :米/分;mm/r :毫米/转;镇孔的切削用虽注:采用高精度的精像头像孔时,余量一般较小,直径上不大于毫米,切削速度可以提高一些,铸铁件v =100~150m/min,钢件v =150~250m/min,铝合金v =200~400m/min , 巴氏合金v =250~500m/min,而每转进给量S转则在0.03~0.1mm/r范围内。

用硬质合金端铳刀铳削的切削用虽铳削速度应高一些,每齿进给量应小一些。

攻丝的切削速度孔加工常用工序间余虽硕质合金车刀常用切削用虽注:①刀具耐用度荷、选大值,选小值,反之,选大值。

②成形车刀和切断车刀的切削速度可取表中粗加工栏中的数值。

这时它们的进给量f=0.04 ~0.15mm/r,成形刀的切削宽度宽时取小值。

而切断刀的切削宽度窄时取小值。

③车削灰铸铁时,刀尖在外皮下切削,铸件无严重夹砂。

高速钢钻头及硬质合金钻头切削用量的选用

高速钢钻头及硬质合金钻头切削用量的选用

加工材料钻头直径(ød)切削速度V(m/min)进给量f(mm/r)进给速度F(mm/min)加工材料钻头直径(ød)切削速度V(m/min)进给量f(mm/r)进给速度F(mm/min) 623.60.11251075.40.15360 825.50.121221589.50.18342 1025.10.1411220103.60.22363 15260.189925117.80.25375 2025.50.2289301130.28336 25240.2576351040.3285 30220.286540100.50.33264 35200.35540190.35531062.80.2400 45170.42501584.80.22396 60150.5402094.20.25375251020.28364 620.70.151653094.20.3300 823.90.21903593.40.33280 1023.60.261954087.90.35245 1525.90.321762025.10.381522527.50.421473026.40.481343519.80.529440150.55664514.10.6606014.10.65492. 对孔的精度要求较高或孔表面粗糙度要求较高时,内冷充分冷却。

高速钢钻头的切削用量(推荐值)铸铁(HB120~225)硬质合金钻头的切削用量(推荐值)碳素结构钢和优质碳素结构钢(HB125~225)铸铁(HB120~225)注:1. 以上切削参数使用条件:孔深=3ød;硬质合金钻头 可适当提高转速,降低进给量。

碳素结构钢和优质碳素结构钢(HB125~225)钻头直径mm 15φ< 30~15φφ< 50~30φφ<进给量 mm/r0.05~0.15 0.15~0.25 0.20~0.30硬质合金钻头线速度 min /120~100m =ν高速钢钻头(HSS) 1> Q235-A min /30m =ν 2> 16Mn min /20m =ν切削速度ν:刀类相对于工件的线速度转速即圆周长ו•=n d πν高速钢钻头线速度:min /03~25m =ν进给量(吃刀量)mm/r 钻头每转一转走的长度(轴向),取:0.2mm/r(齿数)刃Z /×mm 取0.1~0.2 mm/刃硬质合金钻头线速度min /120~100m =ν孔的精度:孔径公差;孔的表面光洁度 钻孔精度:孔距公差;孔的垂直度THE TWIST DRILLSThe twist drill is the more simple tool for drilling holes cylindrical, usually from solid.The twist drill is formed by:x by a cylindrical or conical shank to center on the spindle of the machine and transmit the cutting torque (by friction or drag tooth)x by a cylindrical part in which are carried two opposing helical grooves, which intersect with surface ends form the two main cutting edges.The two helical grooves allow the evacuation of the chip that is formed at the cutting edges, and lead near the same, the lubricating/coolant fluid .Characteristic elements of endsThe check or driving surfaces (with rake angle lower by about 2°) are formed by two off-set diametrically opposed to the limit of the helical grooves and have a dual function: à driving the tip into the hole without even the jam during drilling, because thecontact between the drill and sides of the hole is limited.à finishing the cylindrical surface of the hole.The central core (central scraping edge) between the two grooves has a diameter (0.1~0.2) × D and provides to give the torsional strength to the drill during machining. However for a hole made by a twist drill we can be obtained the maximum standard ofIT 10 and a roughness Ra> 1.8 mm, which often must be finished with other processes such as boring or grinding.Caracteristic anglesİ :Inclination angle of helix .It is formed ythe tangent of the helix average with axisof the drill. Its value is so smaller as harderSEZ N-Nis the material to machining.ij:Angle of cutters. It is the angle formedby the two main cutter.Ȗ:Upper rake angleȕ:Cutting angleĮ:Lower rake angleThe characteristic angles can assume different values in according to the material to be machined and the diameter of the drill.WORKING CONDITIONS IN DRILLINGRelative motion and cutting parametersThe main relative motions are the motion of cutting and the move of advance or feed. The motion of cutting is the main motion of the machine, and is what determines the removal of chip.On the drilling machine it is rotating type and is acted by the tool.The motion of cutting can be expressed both as cuttingspeed, both as rotary speed.The cutting speed, denoted by V (m / min), represents therelative speed between tool and workpiece, at the pointwhere it be removed the chip, therefore the speedwherewith the material can be cut.It is equivalent to peripheral speed of the tool, that is thespeed of point P shown in the figure, which is tangent tothe circle of point P in same sense of rotation. The cuttingspeed is not constant along all points of the cutting edge,but varies from a maximum (cutting speed rated) at thepoint P to a zero value at the axis of the tool.The value set depends on: material processing, material ofthe tool and diameter of the drill.There are tables indicating the value needed depending onworking conditions.The cutting speed and the speed of rotation are related by:This relation calculates the number of rounds to select on the drilling machine, after determining the cutting speed more suitable for processing.The movement of advance or feed aims to bring new material from the tool contact. It is a movement much slower than the motion of cutting.On drilling machine it is a translational motion and is impressed to the tool, according to its axis, in a continuous and simultaneous movement of the cutting.The movement forward can be expressed as feed per revolution, both as speed of advancement.Advancement per revolution, indicated by a (mm / rev), representing the movement of the tool for every lap completed by the same tool.Its value depends on the diameter and material of tool, as well as the material processing. For the selection of the advanced exist tables that suggest the value needed depending on conditions of work.Speed of advancement, indicated by Va (mm / min), represents the speed with which the tool moves, hence the speed with which the processing proceeds.The two magnitude are related by the following relation:Indeed, if a indicates the tool displacement per revolution, multiplying its the number for the revolutions n made in a minute, you get the movement of the tool for each minutes; that is its speed of advancement.SECTION OF THE CHIPThe section of the chip, denoted by q, in the case of a twist drill,takes the form of a parallelogram equivalent to a rectangle ofheight equal to half of the feed per revolution and a basis equalto the radius of the drill. (D / 2 represents the depth of cut in thecase of drilling a hole from solid).Indeed, if for every round of the drill advances of a step equal to a(advancement per revolution), each of cutters to remove a chipwith a side a / 2.In this case, the section area of the chip removed from each edge is:Cutting forceCutting forces required on both edges of the twist drill to detach the chip depend :x from material of workpiece, through the load or pressure to tear Ks (N/mm2).x from total chip section Q = 2 x q (mm 2) detached from the tool.These forces, one for each main cutting edge, supposedly applied approximately half the length of the cutting edge.Each of them takes the value:section of one cutter chipthere is a cutting force :withThen foreach cutterOn average it is considered that : xKs = (4,2 y 5) Rm for cast ironwitch Rm the diameter of drill nd with higher values he total cutting force is :x Ks = (4,8 y 6) Rm for steels and non-ferrous materials In is strength of the material in N/mms decreases with increasing of the advanced. However keep in mind that the value of K a TCUTTING POWERcreate a torque (cutting moment). with dimension b in metres.Looking where the cutting forces are positioned you can see that they form a couple of forces that The value is:aller values forrittle materials (cast iron), higher values for lasting materials (steel).sional stress, where the torque is equal and opposite to the utting moment.sics we know that in rotary motion, the power is calculated using the followinglation:The value of arm b is assumed, the approximate equivalent to D / 2, but in reality its value varies with the type of material that is drilled. In particular b = (0.45÷ 0.60) × D : sm b The tool is subject to a tor c From phyre Where M is sum of torques applied to the body respect to its axis of rotation. nd Ȧ is the angular velocity of the body. the case of drilling:xM represents the moment of cutting forces, then as we saw earlier.with dimension b in metresxȦ is the angular velocity of twist drills.with n number of rounds of the drill ino the cutting power is:aInSWhereand :he power required for the advancement of twist drills can be neglected, because little. tearing of the chip, but also all the sses may be present in transmission of motion.o account for this power dissipation introduces the mechanical efficiency: echanical efficiencyom which flows: T So that the processing is possible, the engine power of the drill must be capable of winning not only the moment of resistance due to lo T m fr that allows us to calculate the engine outputen we known the effective power of cutting and the mechanical efficiency of the achine.he mechanical efficiencyȘ depends on the state of the machine: h = 0.6 ¸ 0.8. power, wh m T It has the condition of maximum utilization of the drilling machine when the power eveloped by its motor c Working timedoincides with the available power of the engine.The relation that calculates the working time is the following:he tool, is With reference to the figure we see that the travel,that is the distance that who must run t e sum of four quantities, namely:th L is the depth of the holee 1 is the overtravel attack : e 1 = 1÷ 2 mm e 2 is the overtravel output : e 2 = 1 2 mml p is the height of the drill cone : l p = ~ 0.33 × DRegarding the height of th edges, with the following considerations of trigonometry.angle OAB is noted that:e drill cone, the approximate value lp = ~ 0.33 × D, can bereplaced by the correct value function of the cuttingFrom the tri from the definition of tangent:which is calculated:For example in the case of a twist drillø 20 for drilling steel with Rm <700 N/mm2 withngle of the cutting edges M = 118 ° is calculated:aE XEMPLEecessary power and time to drill a trough hole ( Tool in high speed steel ) eatures:nd N/mm 2Mechanical efficiency Ș = 0,75alculation of poweralculation of working timeel with Rm <700 N/mm2 and with angle of thecutting edges M = 118°, it is calculated:N F Hole diameter D = 16 mm Hole deep L = 25 mm Feed a = 0,2 mm/rou Cutting speed V = 32 m/min Material strength Rm = 600C We can assume:We think to can select exactly this speed on drilling machineCutting powerOutput power of motorC If we use a twist drillø 20 for drilling ste We assume。

钻孔、扩孔、锪孔加工工艺编程

钻孔、扩孔、锪孔加工工艺编程

6.4 钻孔、扩孔、锪孔加工工艺编程6.4.1 实体上钻孔加工用钻头在实体材料上加工孔的方法,称为钻孔。

钻削时,工件固定,钻头安装在主轴上做旋转运动(主运动),钻头沿轴线方向移动(进给运动)。

在实体上钻孔刀具有普通麻花钻、可转位浅孔钻及扁钻等。

1.实体上钻孔加工刀具⑴麻花钻麻花钻是一种使用量很大的孔加工刀具。

钻头主要用来钻孔,也可用来扩孔。

麻花钻如图6-4-1(a)所示,柄部用于装夹钻头和传递扭矩,工作部分进行切削和导向。

图6-4-1麻花钻①柄部:根据柄部不同,麻花钻有莫氏锥柄和圆柱柄两种。

直径为0.1~20㎜的麻花钻多为圆柱柄,可装在钻夹头刀柄上(如图6-4-1a所示)。

直径为8~80 mm 的麻花钻多为莫氏锥柄,可直接装在带有莫氏锥孔的刀柄内,刀具长度不能调节(如图6-4-1b所示)。

中等尺寸麻花钻两种形式均可选用。

②工作部分工作部分又分为导向部分及切削部分。

导向部分:麻花钻导向部分起导向、修光、排屑和输送切削液作用,也是切削部分的后备。

切削部分: 如图6-4-1d所示:麻花钻的切削部分有两个主切削刃、两个副切削刃和一个横刃。

两个螺旋槽是切屑流经的表面,为前刀面;与孔底相对的端部两曲面为主后刀面;与孔壁相对的两条刃带为副后刀面。

为了提高麻花钻钻头刚性,应尽量选用较短的钻头,但麻花钻的工作部分应大于孔深,以便排屑和输送切削液。

图6-4-2钻引正孔刀具2.钻引正孔刀具在加工中心上钻孔,因无夹具钻模导向,受两切削刃上切削力不对称的影响,容易引起钻孔偏斜,因此一般钻深控制在直径的5倍左右之内。

一般在用麻花钻钻削前,要先用中心钻,或刚性好的短钻头,打引正孔,用以准确确定孔中心的起始位置,并引正钻头,保证Z向切削的正确性。

如图6-4-2所示刀具为常用于钻削引正孔的刀具,图6-4-2a是中心孔钻头,图6-4-2b刀尖角为一定角度的点钻,图6-4-2c是球头铣刀,球头面上具有延伸到中心的切削刃。

引正孔钻到指定深度后,不宜直接抬刀,而应有孔底暂停的动作,对引导面进行修磨(常常用G82循环加工引正孔)。

(完整版)钻削切削用量选择参考表

(完整版)钻削切削用量选择参考表
高温合金(钴基)
180~230
6
钛及钛合金(纯钛)
110~200
30
钛及钛合金(α及α+β)
300~360
12
钛及钛合金(β)
275~350
7.5

18~21
塑料
30
硬橡胶
30~90
四、硬质合金钻头切削用量选择
钻孔的进给量(mm/r)
钻头直径do(mm)
σb550~85①
淬硬钢硬度HRC≤40
淬硬钢硬度HRC40
125~175
24
中碳钢(~0.50C)
175~225
20
高碳钢(~0.90C)
175~225
17
合金低碳钢(0.12~0.25C)
175~225
21
合金中碳钢(0.25~0.65C)
175~225
15~18
马氏体时效钢
275~325
17
不锈钢(奥氏体)
135~185
17
不锈钢(铁素体)
135~185
0.47~0.56
25~30
0.45~0.55
0.32~0.40
0.27
30~50
0.60~0.70
0.40~0.50
0.30~0.40
1.0~1.2
0.70~0.80
注:
1.表列数据适用于在大刚性零件上钻孔,精度在H12~H13级以下(或自由公差),钻孔后还用钻头、扩孔钻或镗刀加工,在下列条件下需乘修正系数;
不带护锥及带护锥的60°复合中心钻
5
0.06
12~25
不带护锥及带护锥的60°复合中心钻
6.3
0.08
12~25

钻头切削参数表

钻头切削参数表
20~25
铸钢
500~600
——
~
~
35~38
38~40
不锈钢
——
——
~
~
25~27
27~35
耐热钢
——
——
~
~
3~6
5~8
灰铸铁
——
200
~
~
40~45
45~60
干切或乳化液
合金铸铁
——
230~350
~
~
20~40
25~45
非水溶性切削油或乳化液
——
350~400
~
~
8~20
10~25
可锻铸铁
——
118
~0.90C
175~225
88~96
17
25~35
118
合金钢
~0.25C
175~225
88~98
21
25~35
118
~0.65C
175~225
88~98
15~18
25~35
118
工具钢
196
94
18
25~35
118
灰铸铁

120~150
~80
43~46
30~30
90~118
中硬
160~220
进给量f/(mm/r)
切削速度V/(m/min)
切削液
d/mm
5~10
11~30
5~10
11~30
工具钢
1000
1800~1900
2300
300
500
575
~
~
<
~

切削用量选择

切削用量选择

卧式数控车床切削用量选择作者:杨树诚单位:沈阳第一机床厂技术部日期:2005年09月本文着重提醒读者1.不要轻易按刀具样本的推荐值确定切削速度,那样刀具寿命很低。

一般情况下,硬质合金刀片可按刀具样本推荐值的0.64~0.71倍选择切削速度。

2.确定精加工和半精加工的进给量着眼于工件的表面粗糙度。

它还和刀尖半径有关。

文中列表表明三者对应关系,供选择进给量参考。

3.条件允许时希望粗加工吃刀深尽量大。

一方面有效提高生产率;一方面也为了消除表面硬皮.切除砂眼等缺陷,从而保护刀尖不与毛坯接触。

精加工时也不希望吃刀深太小,以免产生刮擦对粗糙度不利。

4.表5~表12列举了外圆.端面.内孔加工,切槽,车螺纹的切削用量推荐值。

供一般情况下采用。

目录一.原始资料 (1)二.选择切削用量的原则 (1)三.吃刀深αp (2)四.进给量f (2)五.切削速度V (4)六.切削用量推荐值 (5)切削用量选择关键词: 刀具耐用度 切削速度 表面粗糙度 进给量 吃刀深在售前服务编制加工工序卡以及调装设计中,都需要确定切削用量及计算节拍时间。

本文就卧式数控车床如何合理选择切削用量进行探讨。

一. 原始资料:无论编制加工工序卡-即制定工艺方案还是调装设计都需要掌握以下资 料,做为刀具选择.卡具设计以及选择切削用量的依据。

.1 工件图:包括形状.尺寸.公差.形位公差.粗糙度和其他技术要求。

特别强调的是本序 加工的部位必须明确,用于及可能影响装卡部位的形状要表示清楚。

2.毛坯图:毛坯形状.尺寸,加工余量,材料.硬度等。

3.生产纲领:即年产量或单件时间,这对招标项目尤为重要。

4.验收要求:机床验收时对工件考核什麽项目,有无Cp 值和其它要求。

5.用户对工件定位基准.卡紧面.辅助支承 等要求,或指定参考的卡具样式。

6. 对刀具选择要求:用国产刀具或国外指定厂家 的刀具,特殊刀具是否自备等。

7. 用户单位,件名.件号等也应标明,以便管理。

二 选择切削用量的原则:1. 总的要求:保证安全,不致发生人身事故或设备事故;保证加工质量。

钻孔和扩孔——精选推荐

钻孔和扩孔任务3 钻孔和扩孔⼀、选择钻孔时的切削⽤量1.背吃⼑量:⽤()表⽰,是钻头直径的()。

2.切削速度:⽤()表⽰,指⿇花钻主切削刃()的线速度,公式为(),使⽤⾼速钢⿇花钻时,钻钢料的切削速度⼀般为();钻铸铁时的切削速度⼀般为()。

3.进给量的定义及选择。

⼆、钻孔时步骤。

1.钻孔前先(),中⼼处不允许留(),以利于钻头正确定⼼。

2.找正尾座,使钻头中⼼对准⼯件旋转中⼼,否则可能()。

3.细长⿇花钻钻孔时,为了防⽌钻头晃动,可在⼑架上夹⼀个()⽀持钻头头部,帮助钻头定⼼。

另⼀种⽅法是先⽤直径⼩于5mm 的中⼼钻在端⾯钻出()。

4.在实体材料上钻孔,⼩孔径可以(),若孔径超过(),则不宜⽤⼤钻头⼀次钻出,可分为两次钻出,⼀般情况下,先⽤()的钻头钻底孔,然后⽤直径为D 的钻头将孔扩⼤⾄所要求的尺⼨。

5.钻孔后需铰孔的⼯件,由于所留铰孔余量较少,当钻头钻时()后应将钻头退出,停机检查孔径,以防因孔径扩⼤没有铰削余量⽽报废。

6.钻不通孔时要控制孔深:钢直尺测量。

图3-3-2 ⽤挡铁扶正钻头图3-3-3 扩孔钻三、扩孔 1.常⽤的扩孔⼑具有()和(),⼀般精度⽤(),较⾼精度⽤()。

2.扩孔时的背吃⼑量为(),精度为(),表⾯粗糙度值为(),可作为孔的()加⼯。

3.扩孔钻的主要特点:⼀、观看视频或教师演⽰,讨论钻孔与扩孔步骤。

⼆、完成钻孔和扩孔。

表3-1 钻孔对产⽣废品的原因及预防措施知识链接和拓展1.将钻头装⼊尾座套筒中,找正钻头轴线与⼯件旋转轴线相重合,否则会使钻头折断。

2.钻孔前,必须将端⾯车平,中⼼处不允许有凸台,否则钻头不能⾃动定⼼,会使钻头折断。

3.当钻头刚接触⼯件端⾯和通孔快要钻穿时,进给量要⼩,以防钻头折断。

4.钻⼩⽽深孔时,应先⽤是中⼼钻钻中⼼孔,以避免将孔钻歪。

在钻孔过程中必须经常退出钻头清除切屑。

5.钻削钢料时必须浇注充分的切削液,使钻头冷却。

钻削铸件时可不⽤切削液。

杠杆课程设计Φ25H9通孔

2.1.3切削参数和机动时间的计算与夹紧力分析25mm φ孔加工一、扩孔:(1)扩孔钻选用24.7mm φ标准高速钢扩孔钻,其几何参数选择为:00r =、010α= 、45r k = 、10β= 、0t λ=(2)扩孔切削用量:1.确定进给量f :查表得f 表取0.7~0.84mm/r ,根据Z535机床说明书,取0.8/f mm r =。

2. 确定切削速度v 及n查表得22.3/min v m =表查表得修正系数: 1.0MV k =、 1.0apv k =故22.3/min MV apv v v k k m '=⨯⨯=表表 010********.3287.4/min 24.7v n r d ππ'⨯'===⨯表 根据Z535机床说明书,选择275/min n r = 这时实际扩孔速度为024.727521.3/min 10001000d n v m ππ⨯⨯===3.机动时间m t 计算 1w f m l l l t f n ++= ,cot 32m w f r d d l k -=+,12~4l = 由24.7m d mm =,23w d mm =得24.723cot 453 3.852f l mm -=+= 又有 54w l =,0.8/f mm r =,275/min n r =带入公式得到:1w f m l l l t f n ++= 54 3.8530.28min 0.8275++=≈二、铰孔 (1)粗铰1铰刀:选用24.9mm φ标准硬质合金机铰刀,其几何参数选择为:05r = 、010α= 、5r k = 。

2粗铰切削用量:①.确定进给量f :查表得f 表取0.9~1.4mm/r ,根据Z535机床说明书,取 1.2/f mm r =。

②. 确定切削速度v 及n查表得15/min v m =表查表得修正系数: 1.0MV k =、 1.05apv k =故15 1.0 1.0515.75/min MV apv v v k k m '=⨯⨯=⨯⨯=表表 010********.75201.3/min 24.9v n r d ππ'⨯'===⨯表 根据Z535机床说明书,选择195/min n r = 这时实际扩孔速度为024.919515.25/min 10001000d n v m ππ⨯⨯=== ③.机动时间m t 计算1w f m l l l t f n ++= ,cot (3~10)2m f r d d l k -=+,110~45l = 由24.7m d mm =,24.9d mm =得24.924.7cot 55 6.642f l mm -=+= 又有 54w l =, 1.2/f mm r =,195/min n r =带入公式得到:1w f m l l l t f n ++= 54 6.64150.33min 1.2195++=≈(2) 精铰1铰刀:选用0.0440.02625mm φ+标准硬质合金机铰刀,其几何参数选择为:05r = 、010α= 、5r k = 。

数控切削参数表

碳素结构钢的力学性能(GB700-88)注:A、B、C为质量等级,D级为优质级。

铣削加工常用切削速度经验值(m/min)铣削时的切削速度铣削加工每齿进给量推荐值(mm/z)数控铣削每齿进给量经验值H13~H7孔加工方式余量(孔长度小于5倍直径)注:当孔径≤30mm、直径余量≤4mm和孔径>30~80mm、直径余量≤6mm时,采用一次扩孔或一次镗孔。

H7与H8级精度孔加工方式及余量(在实体材料上加工) (mm)注:在铸铁上加工直径为30mm与32mm的孔可用Ф28与Ф30钻头钻一次。

按H7与H8级精度加工已预先铸出或热冲出的孔 (mm)注:1.如果铸出的孔有很大的加工余量时,则第一次粗镗可分为两次或多次;2.如果只进行一次半精镗,由其加工余量为表中“半精镗”和“粗铰或二次半精镗”加工余量之和。

平面精铣、磨削加工方式余量(mm)注:1. 精铣时,最后一次行程前留的雨量应该≥。

2.热处理零件磨削的加工余量系将表中值乘以。

高速钢钻头加工钢件的切削用量高速钢钻头加工铝件的切削用量高速钢钻头扩孔、钻孔的切削用量 (mm/r)高速钢铰刀铰孔的切削用量攻螺纹切削速度 (m/min)钻孔的进给量镗孔切削用量硬质合金端面铣刀的铣削用量不锈钢的铣削用量不锈钢的铣削用量硬质合金车刀粗车外圆及端面的进给量注:1、加工断续表面及有冲击的工件时,表内进给量应乘系数K=~;2、在无外皮加工时,表内进给量应乘第数K=;3、加工耐热钢及其合金时,进给量不大于1mm/r;4、加工淬硬钢时,进给量应减小。

当钢的硬度为44~56HRC时,乘系数K=;当钢的硬度为57~62HRC时,乘系数K=。

5、可转位刀片的允许最大进给量不应超过其刀尖圆弧半径数值的80%。

硬质合金外圆车刀半精车的进给量(参考值) mm/r注:rε=,用于12×12以下刀杆,rε=1mm,用于30×30以下刀杆,rε=2mm,用于30×45及以上刀杆。

(完整版)钻削切削用量选择参考表

钻削切削用量选择参考表一、钻中心孔的切削用量钻中心孔公称直径钻中心孔的切削进给量钻中心孔切削速度刀具名称(mm) (mm/r) v(m/min) 中心钻 1 0.02 8~15中心钻 1.6 0.02 8~15中心钻 2 0.04 8~15中心钻 2.5 0.05 8~15中心钻 3.15 0.06 8~15中心钻 4 0.08 8~15中心钻 5 0.1 8~15中心钻 6.3 0.12 8~15中心钻8 0.12 8~1560 °中心锪钻及带锥柄 60 °中心锪钻 1 0.01 12 ~2560 °中心锪钻及带锥柄 60 °中心锪钻 1.6 0.01 12 ~2560 °中心锪钻及带锥柄 60 °中心锪钻 2 0.02 12 ~2560 °中心锪钻及带锥柄 60 °中心锪钻 2.5 0.03 12 ~2560 °中心锪钻及带锥柄 60 °中心锪钻 3.15 0.03 12 ~2560 °中心锪钻及带锥柄 60 °中心锪钻 4 0.04 12 ~2560 °中心锪钻及带锥柄 60 °中心锪钻 5 0.06 12 ~2560 °中心锪钻及带锥柄 60 °中心锪钻 6.3 0.08 12 ~2560 °中心锪钻及带锥柄 60 °中心锪钻8 0.08 12 ~25不带护锥及带护锥的60 °复合中心钻 1 0.01 12 ~25不带护锥及带护锥的60 °复合中心钻 1.6 0.01 12 ~25不带护锥及带护锥的60 °复合中心钻 2 0.02 12 ~25不带护锥及带护锥的60 °复合中心钻 2.5 0.03 12 ~25不带护锥及带护锥的60 °复合中心钻 3.15 0.03 12 ~25不带护锥及带护锥的60 °复合中心钻 4 0.04 12 ~25不带护锥及带护锥的60 °复合中心钻 5 0.06 12 ~25不带护锥及带护锥的60 °复合中心钻 6.3 0.08 12 ~25不带护锥及带护锥的60 °复合中心钻8 0.08 12 ~25二、高速钢钻头切削用量选择表钻孔的进给量 (mm/r)钻头直径钢σ钢σb(MPa) 钢σ铸铁、铜及铝合铸铁、铜及铝合金do(mm) b(MPa)<800 800 ~ 1000 b(MPa)>1000 金 HB ≤200 HB>200 ≤2 0.05 ~ 0.06 0.04 ~ 0.05 0.03 ~ 0.04 0.09 ~ 0.11 0.05 ~0.072 ~ 4 0.08 ~ 0.10 0.06 ~ 0.08 0.04 ~ 0.06 0.18 ~ 0.22 0.11 ~0.134 ~ 6 0.14 ~ 0.18 0.10 ~ 0.12 0.08 ~ 0.10 0.27 ~ 0.33 0.18 ~0.226 ~ 8 0.18 ~ 0.22 0.13 ~ 0.15 0.11 ~ 0.13 0.36 ~ 0.44 0.22 ~0.268~ 10 0.22 ~ 0.28 0.17 ~ 0.21 0.13 ~ 0.17 0.47 ~ 0.57 0.28 ~0.3410 ~13 0.25 ~ 0.31 0.19 ~ 0.23 0.15 ~ 0.19 0.52 ~ 0.64 0.31 ~0.3913 ~16 0.31 ~ 0.37 0.22 ~ 0.28 0.18 ~ 0.22 0.61 ~ 0.75 0.37 ~0.4516 ~20 0.35 ~ 0.43 0.26 ~ 0.32 0.21 ~ 0.25 0.70 ~ 0.86 0.43 ~0.5320 ~25 0.39 ~ 0.47 0.29 ~ 0.35 0.23 ~ 0.29 0.78 ~ 0.96 0.47 ~0.5625 ~30 0.45 ~ 0.55 0.32 ~ 0.40 0.27 ~ 0.33 0.9 ~ 1.1 0.54 ~0.6630 ~50 0.60 ~ 0.70 0.40 ~ 0.50 0.30 ~ 0.40 1.0 ~ 1.2 0.70 ~0.80注 :1.表列数据适用于在大刚性零件上钻孔,精度在H12 ~H13 级以下(或自由公差),钻孔后还用钻头、扩孔钻或镗刀加工,在下列条件下需乘修正系数;1).在中等刚性零件上钻孔(箱体形状的薄壁零件、零件上薄的突出部分钻孔)时,乘系数0.75 ;2).钻孔后要用铰刀加工的精确孔,低刚性零件上钻孔,斜面上钻孔,钻孔后用丝锥攻螺纹的孔,乘系数 0.50 ;2.钻孔深度大于 3 倍直径时应乘修正系数。

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高速钢钻头扩孔、钻孔的切削用量
高速钢钻头扩孔、钻孔的切削用量 (mm/r)
高速钢钻头加工铝件的切削用量
高速钢钻头加工钢件的切削用量
钻孔的进给量
钻孔的进给量
攻螺纹切削速度
攻螺纹切削速度 (m/min)
镗孔切削用量
镗孔切削用量
硬质合金端面铣刀的铣削用量硬质合金端面铣刀的铣削用量
不锈钢的铣削用量
不锈钢的铣削用量
硬质合金端面铣刀的铣削用量硬质合金端面铣刀的铣削用量
不锈钢的铣削用量
不锈钢的铣削用量
平面精铣、磨削加工方式余量
平面精铣、磨削加工方式余量(mm)
注:1. 精铣时,最后一次行程前留的雨量应该≥0.5mm。

2. 热处理零件磨削的加工余量系将表中值乘以1.2。

立铣刀的装夹
加工中心用立铣刀大多采用弹簧夹套装夹方式,使用时处于悬臂状态。

在铣削加工过程中,有时可能出现立铣刀从刀夹中逐渐伸出,甚至完全掉落,致使工件报废的现象,其原因一般是因为刀夹内孔与立铣刀刀柄外径之间存在油膜,造成夹紧力不足所致。

立铣刀出厂时通常都涂有防锈油,如果切削时使用非水溶性切削油,刀夹内孔也会附着一层雾状油膜,当刀柄和刀夹上都存在油膜时,刀夹很难牢固夹紧刀柄,在加工中立铣刀就容易松动掉落。

所以在立铣刀装夹前,应先将立铣刀柄部和刀夹内孔用清洗液清洗干净,擦干后再进行装夹。

当立铣刀的直径较大时,即使刀柄和刀夹都很清洁,还是可能发生掉刀事故,这时应选用带削平缺口的刀柄和相应的侧面锁紧方式。

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