Dependent uncertain linguistic ordered weighted geometric operator

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雅思阅读捷径-剑桥真题中同义替换词和考点

雅思阅读捷径-剑桥真题中同义替换词和考点

雅思阅读题目出题的本质是三种替换:同义词/词组替换,句型替换,语法替换,笔者将从这三方面根据学生课堂笔记进行分类整理。

以下是剑桥真题中的考点词,替换词,一词多义总结:1.rigid/ stiff/ unchanged/ little change 僵硬的,一成不变的2.significant/enormous/dramatic/tremendous/appreciably/remarkable/cru cial/ /substantial巨大的,明显的,程度大的3.approximately 将近-nearly, almost .proportion/ percentage 比例4.be involved (in)/ involve in/ involvement [n.] 涉及,卷入,参与5.考虑到given/ considering , in regard to / despite/ although尽管剑桥真题中的考点词,替换词, 一词多义总结:6.induce [v] 引入,引导,引诱/ inductive [n] 归纳。

deduce /deductive推断7.fortune/ destiny/ chances 机遇8.deplete 开采完,耗尽/ exhaust –exhaust emission (尾气)排放plex 错综复杂的/ complicated/ sophisticated 老奸巨滑的,复杂的10.capacity能力,容量/ competence (竞争)能力/ ability 能力(笼统的)剑桥真题中的考点词,替换词,一词多义总结:11.确保,保障:Secure-security/ ensure (insure)/ guarantee 12.solely/ merely/ only 仅,只有13.a vast array of 系列/ a great variety of 花样,品种/ a great rang of系列14.pesticide 杀虫/ suicide 自杀/ homicide,murder杀人15.believe相信/ assume (responsibility)/ suppose假设剑桥真题中的考点词,替换词,一词多义总结:16.授权,委托:authorize/ commission 佣金/ entitle 头衔 + ment =right (权利)17.purchase/ buy 购买 18. ethnic 种族的/ ethic 伦理,道德的 + s =[n] 19. modify/ change [v] 改变shift work 轮班工作[n] 20. insight/knowledge/ learning/ understanding/ knowing洞察,理解,知识剑桥真题中的考点词,替换词,一词多义总结:21.constrain拘泥,限制/ restrict 限制/ limit 22. circumstance 环境(社会)/ surroundings/ environment 环境(环保) background背景 / settings后台,布景/ context 上下文(文章中)23.notorious 臭名昭著的/ flagrant臭的><fragrant 香的 24.migrant移民:immigrant (进来)/ emigrant(出去) 25.兴旺,繁荣;prosperous/ thriving/ booming(人口,行业)/flourishing剑桥真题中的考点词,替换词, 一词多义总结:26.神圣的:divine/ heavenly/ holy/ sacred 27.有毒的:poisonous/ toxic ( in-, non- 无毒的) 28.致命的:deadly/ fatal/ lethal/ mortal 29.类似于:look like/ resemble 30. chronic 长期的,慢性的/long-term剑桥真题中的考点词,替换词,一词多义总结:31.网恋:virtual love/ cyber love 32.网友:on-line /net/ cyber friend 33.evolve-evolution 进化/ revolute-revolution 革命,旋转/ involve-involution 卷入,涉及 34. indicator/ predictor 表示诠释,预测 35.indicate/ 阐释demonstrate/ 陈列display/exhibit/betray泄漏,透露剑桥真题中的考点词,替换词,一词多义总结:36. 治疗师therapist /专家expert/ specialist 37. 优点,长处,美德:advantage/ merit/ virtue/ length 38. 常见的commonest/频繁的 frequent 39. 未开发的,初级的:rudimentary/ underdeveloped 40. 退化:degenerate/ -tion [n] ->generate 生产,制造/ degrade ->grade 降级/ deteriorate 恶化,每况愈下剑桥真题中的考点词,替换词,一词多义总结:41. 分类:category-categorize/ class-classify 42. consequence后果->影响/ subsequence紧跟其后/ sequence=order秩序/ frequency频率 43.clash 冲突(民族,种族)/crash 飞机坠毁 44. 替代substitution=> substitute sth for sb /replace45.alternative=> 选择性,二者选其一的剑桥真题中的考点词总结:46.孤立:isolate/ alienate/insulate隔绝,排外,孤立->be alien to/insulate (-ior) 绝缘,隔热(体)47.缺点,不足之处:defect/ flaw/ failing/ disadvantage /drawback 48.创新的:inventive (-tion)/ innovative (-tion)/ creative (-tion)/ ingenious (ity)/novel (-ty) =>[n]/creative/revolutionary 49.neutral 中立的,中性的/negative 消极的 /positive 积极的 50.ambiguous 模棱两可的,暧昧/obscure剑桥真题中的考点词,替换词,一词多义总结:municate 沟通,传达,通报 52.accommodate 1供...食宿,2同adapt to 适应,调整,3同hold 容纳,4使…停靠 mitment 1 ~ to sth 奉献 2 责任,义务 54.contribute to 导致 ~ result in /account for (占据)导致 54.缺乏的,不足的:inadequate/ insufficient/ deficient/lack (of)/ short (of)55.强调:emphasize/ stress/ highlight/ focus on/ concentrate on剑桥真题中的考点词,替换词,一词多义总结:56.对…怀疑:skeptical/dubious/ suspicious 57.缺点,缺陷:drawback/ fault/ defect/ imperfection/ failing/ weakness/ shortcoming/ flaw 58.臭命昭著的:notorious->notoriety/ flagrant/ smelly/ odorous 59.,组织:association/ structure /organization 60.超过:exceed/ surpass剑桥真题中的考点词,替换词, 一词多义总结:61.岩浆:molten rock/ lava/ magma 62.语言:linguist 语言学家/ lingual和语言有关的/bilingual/双语63.多种多样的:diversity/ variety/ breed([n]品种,[v]繁殖,培养,引起,造成)/ species 64.dialect 方言 accent 腔调 65.开始的,初步的:begin/ launch/ initial (-ly) [v] 首字母,开始的/ initiate开始,发动->initiative 原创性= origin剑桥真题中的考点词,替换词, 一词多义总结:66.贫穷:poor/ in poverty/ impoverished(被剥夺财产的)67.杰出:eminence (-t)/ prominence(-t)/unusual 68.gene/ genetic defect ~缺陷/ anatomy解剖/ conceive构思,怀孕/ deliver分娩 69.辅助性:alternative 补充性/ therapist 70.演绎,推理:deduce->deductive / inferential >< induce 引导,引入,归纳-> induction 归纳剑桥真题中的考点词,替换词,一词多义总结:71.令人困惑的:bewildering/ puzzling/ perplexing 72.apply:紧靠,涂,将…应用于,适用,专心致力于,献身于 73.subsidize辅助/ subsidy 补助,补贴/ subsidiary 74.a factor in sth/ depend on sth 依赖于,因素是 75.be preferred by/ choice 选择剑桥真题中的考点词,替换词,一词多义总结:76.attitude to/ how 77.the present century/ modern society 78.broad/ great 79.in term of 按照,在…方面,关于/with regard to, in spite of 不顾,尽管 80. small-scale 小范围/ marginal 边缘处的剑桥真题中的考点词,替换词,一词多义总结:81. physical/ medical82.negotiation/ agreement 谈判,洽谈/ 商定,协议 83.evolve/ develop 进化,发展 84.apartment/ accommodation 公寓/ 住房 85.virtual (love)/ simulate 模拟的(网恋)/ 模拟剑桥真题中的考点词,替换词,一词多义总结:86.catastrophe/ disaster 大灾难/ 灾难,不幸 87.innovate/ invent 革新,创新/ 发明,创造 sculpture/ craft 雕刻,雕塑/ 工艺 88.exorbitant/ expensive 过度的,极高的/ 费用大的,昂贵的 89. be participant in/ take part in /participate in 参加bour [美,澳]/work工作剑桥真题中的考点词,替换词,一词多义总结:91.attend to/ take care of 照顾 92.dual employment/ dual-worker 双职工(家庭) 93.indicate/ predict 指示,表明,象征/ 预料,预言 A major contributor to/ be central to 来源,起点/ 是…的主要,中心原因 94.expert/ therapist 专家,能手;知识丰富的/ 某个专科的专家 95.lead to/ be associated with 相联系(带来…的好处)剑桥真题中的考点词,替换词,一词多义总结:96.balanced/ equitable 平等的97.handicap/ disabled/ primitive 残疾的,落后的 98. could not-and cannot/ has always been unable to 99.benefit/ advantage 好处,优势100.substantial influence/ greater likelihood剑桥真题中的考点词,替换词,一词多义总结:101.agree on/ define102.considered desirable/ effectiveness 103.masquerade/ (in) disguise 伪装 104.insignificant/ didn’t seriously 不重要/不严重的 105.inspect/ examine 审核,检查剑桥真题中的考点词,替换词,一词多义总结:106.caliber/ criterion 标准107.no-one know >< notorious无人知晓>臭名昭著的 108.dissatisfy/ argue 不满意/厌恶,讨厌 109.pessimism/ negative/ blue>< optimistic 悲观的,忧郁的>< 乐观的 110.unsatisfactory/ hardly be looked upon剑桥真题中的考点词,替换词,一词多义总结:111.identify/ define 112.turn…into/ become 113.urban/ rural/suburban 114.demolish/ knock down/ dismantle 毁坏,拆毁(建筑物)/ 敲,打 115.migration/ move 迁移/ 移动剑桥真题中的考点词,替换词, 一词多义总结:116.pay/ charge sb for 向某人…猛攻,充电,负责,付费,控诉 117.separate/ split分开,使隔绝,提取/ 分,劈开 118.fascination /attraction迷住,吸引住 119.not require/ unnecessary 不需要/ 不必要 120.decode/ decipher 译解(密码),解释剑桥真题中的考点词,替换词,一词多义总结:121.delay/ drawback= disadvantage耽误,延迟/ 欠缺,弊端 122.association/ organization 机构,关联/ 组织 123.recent/ current/ nowadays/present 最近的/ 现代的/ 当今的/现在 124.intensive burst/ explosive release 强烈的爆发/ 爆炸性的释放 125.recognized/ identified 认,识别,认可/ 识别,鉴别剑桥真题中的考点词,替换词,一词多义总结:126.aim to/ focus on针对,目标,打算/ 集中127.link…to/ lead to连接/导致,通向 128. inadequate (diet)/ deficiency 不充分,不适当的/ 缺乏,不足 129.basic/ fundamental 基础的,基本的 130.seize/ catch捕捉,抓住剑桥真题中的考点词,替换词,一词多义总结:131.fatal/ lethal致命的132.success on/ running on成功 133.costly/ be related by有关系的 134.be obtained in/ be derived in获得,流行,通用/ 由…产生,起源于135.high-income/ wealthy高收入的/富裕的剑桥真题中的考点词,替换词, 一词多义总结:136.be alike/ be similar to 相同的,相似的137.indicate/ show显示,指出,象征138. eliminate/ lessen消除/ 减少139. not risen significantly/ stagnate停滞不前的140.salary/ wage工资:总称/ 蓝领的剑桥真题中的考点词,替换词,一词多义总结:141.create/ gain创造,造成/ 获得,增加 142.economy/ financial经济143.administration/management144.(be) sympathetic / understand同情的,赞同/ 理解145.introduce/ involve引入/ 卷入(同义替换终于全部发完喽噢,祝大家都能考出理想的成绩哈)。

新视野大学英语A4读写教程(第三版)-Words-in-use-翻译+答案

新视野大学英语A4读写教程(第三版)-Words-in-use-翻译+答案

Uniti 11.As the gender barriers crumbled(瓦解),the numberofwomen working as lawyers,doctors, or bankers began to increase significantly from the mid-20thcentury.随着性别障碍的瓦解,从20世纪中叶开始,担任律师,医生或银行家的女性人数开始显着增加。

2.With the data collected each year, the owner of theshop can discern(识别)customer trends and how things like weather and economic indicators affect salesperformance.通过每年收集的数据,商店的所有者可以识别客户趋势以及天气和经济指标等因素对销售业绩的影响。

3.His supervisor pushes and motivates him in such apositive manner that he is not only able to reach but to surpass(超越)his personal goals.他的主管以如此积极的态度推动和激励他,使他不仅能够达到而且超越他的个人目标。

4.He is a man with a(n) shrewd(精明)business hasbuilt his initial investment into a substantial andeven excessively large fortune.他是一个有精明商业头脑的人。

他把最初的投资变成了一笔可观的、甚至过大的财富。

5.The conversion(转化) of nuclear radiation directlyinto electricity was an exciting possibility that was being vigorously explored in many laboratories inthe1950s.核辐射直接转化为电能是令人兴奋的可能性,在20世纪50年代的许多实验室中都在积极探索。

大学英语六级-89_真题(含答案与解析)-交互

大学英语六级-89_真题(含答案与解析)-交互

大学英语六级-89(总分551, 做题时间90分钟)Part Ⅰ Writing1.1. 每年,高校许多大学生受到鼓舞去贫困地区以教2. 支教活动的意义3. 我的看法SSS_TEXT_QUSTI该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 106答案:Aid Education in ChinaEach year, college students, encouraged to .aid students in the poverty-stricken areas, become volunteers in poor villages for a year and try to improve education in poor areas.Aid-education has been beneficial in two aspects. On one hand, college volunteers are really devoted to the cause. They have opened the eyes of students in underdeveloped regions to the outside world by bringing them new knowledge and thoughts. As a result, they are extremely well-received by the children there. On the other hand, college students have received a rigorous training by adapting to the harsh living conditions. They are enjoying the appreciation and no distance friendship from the children. What's more, they are greatly inspired by the moving and tireless spirit of the children.In my opinion, China's educational development can't be isolated from each individual and we college students should take the lead in response to the appeal for offering aid to children in poor areas. Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)MarriageMarriage is traditionally conceived to be a legally recognized relationship, between an adult male and female, that carries certain rights and obligations. However, in contemporary societies, marriage is sometimes interpreted more liberally and the phrase 'living as married' indicates that for many purposes it makes no sense to exclude cohabitation. It should be noted, however, that even this more liberal definition usually excludes homosexual couples. Although cohabitation is increasingly accepted, and is now the normal prelude to marriage, people continue to make a distinction between living together and a 'proper' wedding and marriage.Much recent sociological research, both in Britain and America, has been concerned with the growing fears that marriage as aninstitution is in decline. These fears stem from two roots, the first being concern for increasing marital breakdown and subsequent divorce, and the second the fact that marriage is going out of fashion, with more people cohabiting and even rearing children outside matrimony. Certainly, divorce is on the increase, and if current divorce-rates in Britain continue then one in three marriages is likely to end in divorce. In recent years, the median age at first marriage has increased and teenage marriages have declined significantly, with a growing proportion, albeit still a small minority, never getting married. At the same time, rates of cohabitation are increasing, with it now being virtually the norm to cohabit before marrying. Moreover, an increasing number of children are conceived and born outside marriage. Looking at these statistics, one might reasonably conclude that the future of marriage looks bleak, but marriage still remains the preferred way of life for the vast majority of the adult population. Even among those whose first marriage fails, a majority are sufficiently optimistic to marry a second time.Why do people marry? In Western societies, the emotional aspects of marriage are stressed, and what Lawrence Stone calls affective individualism prevails. Choice of a mate is influenced primarily by the desire for a relationship offering affection and love—although, as Peter Berger observes, the "lightning shaft of Cupid seems to be guided rather strongly within very definite channels of class, income, education, racial and religious background". The tendency for people of similar backgrounds to marry (marital homogamy) is strong, but there is no clear understanding of why it occurs, or whether the degree of rigidity in mate selection differs among different social groups. Surprisingly, some recent American research suggests that the higher the class position, the less the homogamy.Concern with marital success and marital adjustment has played an increasingly prominent part in recent research. As David Morgan suggests, marriage has become "medicalized", with therapists and marriage-guidance counsellors at the ready to tackle marital problems and enhance marital quality. This raises the question of how marital success should be measured. Clearly, stability is not a sufficient indicator, as some couples stay together even though they are totally miserable, whereas others divorce, despite having a relationship that some would envy. A variety of marital quality inventories have been developed and recently it has been recognized that marital quality and marital problems are in fact independent. For example, conflict and arguments may be signs of caring and engagement in some marriages.Marriages clearly face different problems at different times of the life-cycle, and raising a family, especially for parents of younger children, is associated with high marital strain. Remarriages appear to be at greater risk of breaking up than first marriage, especially when step-children are involved. This may be in part because remarriage is an incomplete institution, in the sense that societal expectations and norms still reflect the traditional expectation that marriages will last a lifetime. As Anthony Giddens has pointed out, terms like "broken marriages" and "broken homes" embody the traditional ideal and have unfortunate negative connotations, especially regarding children whose parents are separated or divorced.Increasingly, research is focusing on the interrelationship of employment and family life, including marriage. The primary focus has been on how women's employment has affected the marital relationship. Using longitudinal surveys, American researchers have found that women who contribute a higher share of the household income are more likely to divorce than women who contribute a lower share, or housewives. It may be that wives who become less dependent upon their husbands financially are no longer willing to tolerate a subservient position—and have the resources that enable them to leave. Another important question is whether the employment of women has led to greater egalitarianism within marriage. Some family researchers have painted a rosy picture of how families are becoming more symmetrical, whereas others continue to exercise scepticism, asserting that the traditional division of labour within the home persists, even when women also hold full-time employment.Jessie Bernard has claimed that there is not one marriage but two—the wife's marriage and that of the husband. Studies have consistently shown that marriage tends to be more beneficial for men than for women, with married men being in better psychological health, and showing fewer symptoms of stress than marriedwomen. Some feminists who see marriage as an oppressive institution have urged women not to marry. The inequalities of marriage, however, are reflections of the inequalities of the sexes in society. As Chris Harris states, "it is to be expected that however great the formal equality between the spouses, wives' sense of inequality in marriage will persist as long as they cannot, for whatever reason, participate on equal terms with men in the labour-market." Bernard goes further, suggesting that **plete change of housewife to bread-winner sends tremors through every relationship. Dual-earning marriages are sowing the seeds of change. However, despite the dire statistics, marriage seems to be a rather resilient institution; perhaps, very gradually, the benefits for both husband and wife will become more balanced.SSS_FILL1.In dual earning marriages both partners are formally employed but only one—usually the male—pursues a career.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:NG文章没有对双收入家庭的婚姻作解释。

高考英语名词性从句讲解及练习

高考英语名词性从句讲解及练习

名词性从句:主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句。

一.主语从句:由一个从句来充当句子的主语的复合句。

1. _______the earth is round is true.A. WhatB. ThatC. WhereD. How2. __________( If, Whether ) he will come hasn’t been decided.3. ________ you need is more pracitce.A. WhatB. ThatC. All whichD. How4. _________ hasn’t been decide d.A. When will we have the meetingB. When we will have the meeting5. _________ leaves the classroom last will turn off the lights.A. WhateverB. WhoeverC. WhoD. Whom6. _________ was said here must be kept secret.A. WhateverB. WhoeverC. WhoD. What1). 引导主语从句的连接词有:连词that, whether;连接代词who, whoever, what, whatever和which;连接副词when, where, how和why。

留意:1. that在句中无词义,只起连接作用;连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用,在从句中充当从句的成分。

2. 表示“是否”时,只能用“whether”引导主语从句3. 疑问词( when, where, why, what…)+陈述语序2).为了防止一些句子头重脚轻,通常用it做形式主语1. It is said ________ his father will come back from Japan.A. WhatB. ThatC. All whichD. How2. It is surprising _______ the weather is so warm for April.A.thatB.whenC.whetherD.where3. That the earth is round is true.=4. Whether he will come hasn’t been decided.=5. Where the hero went is not mentioned at the end of the story.=用it 做形式主语的常用句型It is a fact (a shame, a pity, good news…)It is true (certain, clear…)It is said (reported, believed…)It seems/happened that …It worried sb a lot that …留意:It is important / natural / necessary / impossible/strange/unusual /suggested /advised /ordered/ requested/insisted/ required…that 中,从句谓语动词用“(should) + do”的形式,It is necessary that we ________________(learn) English grammar well.It is suggested that we ________________(not go) out to play.3). Who, whom, which, what可以和ever 构成合成词,引导从句,起加强语气的作用。

心理学英语形容词练习50题

心理学英语形容词练习50题

心理学英语形容词练习50题1. In the psychological experiment, the participants were described as _____.A. curiousB. anxiousC. braveD. careful答案:B。

本题考查形容词的词义辨析。

“curious”表示好奇的;“anxious”表示焦虑的;“brave”表示勇敢的;“careful”表示仔细的。

在心理学实验中,参与者通常会感到焦虑,A 选项好奇不符合实验场景,C 选项勇敢不太符合一般实验中参与者的普遍情绪,D 选项仔细也不太恰当,所以选择B。

2. The researcher found that the subject's behavior was _____.A. strangeB. normalC. commonD. usual答案:A。

“strange”表示奇怪的;“normal”表示正常的;“common”表示常见的;“usual”表示通常的。

研究者发现受试者的行为是奇怪的,B 选项正常与题意不符,C 选项常见和D 选项通常也不符合研究中对特殊行为的描述,故选A。

3. The results of the study showed that the patients were _____.A. happyB. sadC. tiredD. excited答案:C。

“happy”意为高兴的;“sad”意为悲伤的;“tired”意为疲倦的;“excited”意为兴奋的。

研究结果表明患者是疲倦的,A 选项高兴、B 选项悲伤和 D 选项兴奋都不符合患者在研究中的常见状态,所以选C。

4. During the psychological research, the environment was _____.A. quietB. noisyC. peacefulD. lively答案:A。

课本基础知识点梳理(译林牛津版)第17讲 九上 Unit 1-2

课本基础知识点梳理(译林牛津版)第17讲 九上 Unit 1-2

课本基础知识点梳理(译林牛津版)第17讲九上 Unit 1-2基础知识即时训练一、易错单词1. 奥运会 __________2. 同意(n.) ________3. 真相 ____________4. 金属____________5. 监狱 ____________6. 错误____________7. 理解力 __________ 8. 幽默____________9. 邀请 ____________ 10. 大学___________11. 乐事 ___________ 12. 讲座___________13. 观众 ___________ 14. 座位___________15. 成就 ___________ 16. 不能肯定_______17. 好像 ___________ 18. 解决___________19. 装满 ___________ 20. 击;打_________21. 认为 ___________ 22. 避免___________23. 信任 ___________ 24. 服从___________25. 减少 ___________ 26. 确定的_________27. 金色的 _________ 28. 勇敢的_________29. 正确的 _________ 30. 精确地_________二、词汇测试i. 从下面每小题的A、B、C三个选项中选出可以替换划线部分的最佳选项。

1. —Are you happy with his work?—Yes, of course.A. tired ofB. interested inC. satisfied with2. —Don’t trust her —she’s only out for y our money.—Thank you for reminding me.A. laugh atB. believe inC. worry about3. The team felt that they had let the coach down.A. made ... happyB. made ... nervousC. made ... disappointed4. —What did the teacher ask us to do this weekend?—She asked us to learn the text by heart.A. writeB. reciteC. find5. It’s been a pleasure to do business with you.A. wrong thingB. bad thingC. happy thing6. —How was the work that she did?—She finished it without difficulty.A. easilyB. sadlyC. slowly7. I don’t doubt that he’s telling the truth.A. don’t thinkB. believeC. don’t agree8. —Don’t play a joke on him. He is deaf.—Sorry, I won’t.A. look atB. play withC. make fun ofii. 根据句子意思,从下面每小题的A、B、C三个选项中选出恰当的词语完成句子。

雅思阅读常见近义词汇总

雅思阅读捷径:同义替换词和考点雅思阅读题目出题的本质是三种替换:同义词/词组替换,句型替换,语法替换。

以下是剑桥真题中的考点词,替换词,一次多义总结:1.rigid /stiff /unchanged /little change 僵硬的,一成不变的2.significant /enormous /dramatic /tremendous /appreciably/remarkable /crucial /substantial 巨大的,明显的,程度大的3.approximately/ nearly / almost 将近4.proportion / percentage 比例5.be involved (in) /involve in /involvement [n.] 涉及,卷入,参与6.given /considering , in regard to /despite /although 有鉴于,考虑到,尽管7.induce [v] 引入,引导,引诱/inductive [n] 归纳(deduce/deductive推断)8.fortune /destiny / chances9.deplete开采完,耗尽exhaust –exhaust emission (尾气)排放exploitplex 错综复杂的Complicated / sophisticated 老奸巨滑的,复杂的11.capacity能力,容量competence (竞争)能力ability 能力(笼统的)12. Secure-security / ensure (insure) / guarantee 押金,确保,保障13.solely /merely / only14.a vast array of 系列a great variety of 花样,品种a great rang of系列15.pesticide 杀虫suicide 自杀homicide/murder杀人16.believe/assume (responsibility)/suppose17. authorize/commission 授权,委托,佣金entitle 头衔 + ment =right (权利)18. Purchase / buy19. ethnic 种族的ethic 伦理,道德的 + s =[n.]20. modify / change [v] shift work 轮班工作[n]21. Insight / knowledge / learning / understanding / knowing22.constrain拘泥,限制restrict 限制limit23. circumstance 环境(社会)surroundings/environment 环境(环保)背景 background 后台settings后台,布景context 上下文(文章中)24.notorious 臭名昭着的flagrant臭的fragrant 香的25.移民:immigrant (进来)emigrant(出去)migrant26.兴旺,繁荣;prosperousThrivingbooming(人口,行业)flourishing27.神圣的:divineHeavenlyHolySacred28.有毒的:poisonous / toxic ( in-, non- 无毒的)29.致命的:deadly / fatal / lethal / mortal30.类似于:look like / resemble31. chronic长期的,慢性的long-term 长期的32.网恋:virtual love/cyber love33.网友:on-line /net/cyber friend上网(聊天)chat on line网吧go on-line cyber café34.evolve-evolution 进化revolute-revolution 革命,旋转involve-involution 卷入,涉及35. indicator/predictor表示诠释,预测36.indicate/demonstrate/display/exhibit/betray37. therapist /expert/specialist38. 优点,长处,美德:advantage/merit/virtue/length39. commonest/frequent40. 未开发的,初级的:rudimentary/underdeveloped41. 退化:degenerate/-tion[n]->generate 生产,制造degrade->grade等级deteriorate恶化42. 分类:category-categorize / class-classify43. consequence后果->影响subsequence紧跟其后sequence=order秩序frequency频率44.clash 冲突(民族,种族)crash 飞机坠毁45.substitution=> substitute sth for sb /replace46.alternative=>选择性,代替性,辅助性47. isolate/alienate孤立insulate隔绝,排外,孤立be alien to/insulate (-ior) 绝缘,隔热(体)48. Defect / flaw / failing / disadvantage / drawback 缺点,不足之处49.创新的,发明的,新颖的,创新的:inventive (-tion)/innovative(-tion)/creative(-tion)/ingenious (ity)/novel (-ty) => [n]creative/revolutionary·易错拼写:environment/convenient49.neutral中立的,中性的negative否定,消极,阴性的positive 肯定,积极,阳性的50.ambiguous->ambiguity/obscure模棱两可的,暧昧的municate 沟通,传达,通报52.accommodate 1供...食宿,2=adapt to 适应,调整,3=hold 容纳,4使…停靠mitment to sth 奉献 2 责任,义务54.contribute to导致result in /account for (占据)导致54. inadequate / insufficient / deficient / lack (of) / short (of) 缺乏的,不足的55. emphasize/stress/highlight/focus on/concentrate on强调apparently 显而易见的patently 道貌岸然的obviously =>evidently56. (be) / skeptical / skeptical / dubious / suspicious(about/of) 对…怀疑57. Drawback /fault /defect / imperfection / failing / weakness / shortcoming / flaw缺点,缺陷58. notorious->notoriety / flagrant / smelly / odorous臭命昭着的59.association / structure / organization机构,组织60. Exceed /surpass超过61. molten rock/lava/magma岩浆62. linguist 语言学家lingual 和语言有关的bilingual双语63. diversity/variety/breed/species多种多样的breed:[n]品种,[v]繁殖,培养,引起,造成64.dialect方言accent腔调65. begin/launch/initial 开始的,初步的(-ly) [v]首字母,开始的initiate开始,发动initiative原创性= origin66. poor / in poverty / impoverished(被剥夺财产的)贫穷67. eminence (-t)/prominence (-t)/unusual杰出68.gene/genetic defect ~缺陷anatomy解剖conceive构思,怀孕deliver分娩69. alternative 辅助性therapist补充性70. deduce->deductive/inferential induce 演绎,推理,引导,引入,归纳induction 归纳71. bewildering/puzzling/perplexing令人困惑的72.apply紧靠,涂,将…应用于,适用,专心致力于,献身于73.subsidize辅助subsidy 补助,补贴subsidiary74.a factor in sth/depend on sth75.be preferred by/choice76.attitude to/how77.the present century/modern society78.broad/great79.in term of 按照,在…方面,关于with regard to, in spite of 不顾,尽管80. small-scale 小范围marginal 边缘处的81. physical/medical82. negotiation/agreement 谈判,洽谈/商定,协议83.evolve/develop84.apartment/accommodation 公寓/住房85.virtual (love)/simulate 模拟的(网恋)/模拟86.catastrophe/disaster 大灾难/灾难,不幸87.innovate/invent 革新,创新/发明,创造sculpture/craft 雕刻,雕塑/工艺88.exorbitant/expensive 过度的,极高的/费用大的,昂贵的89. be participant in/take part in /participate inbour [美,澳]/work91.attend to/take care of92.dualemployment/dual-worker 双职工(家庭)93.indicate/predict 指示,表明,象征/预料,预言A major contributor to/be central to 来源,起点/是…的主要,中心原因94.expert/therapist 专家,能手;知识丰富的/某个专科的专家95.lead to/be associated with 相联系(带来…的好处)96.balanced/equitable 平等的97.handicap/disabled/primitive残疾的,落后的98. could not-and cannot/has always been unable to by/from99.benefit/advantage100.substantial influence/greater likelihood101.agree on/define102.considered desirable/effectiveness103.masquerade/(in) disguise 伪装104.insignificant/didn’t seriously 不重要/不严重的105.inspect/examine审核,检查106.caliber/criterion 标准107.no-one know >< notorious 无人知晓><臭名昭着的108.dissatisfy/argue 不满意/厌恶,讨厌109.pessimism/negative/blue>< optimistic 悲观的,忧郁的>< 乐观的110.unsatisfactory/hardly be looked upon111.identify/define112.turn… in to/become113.urban/rural/suburban114.demolish/knock down/dismantle毁坏,拆毁(建筑物)/敲,打115.migration/move 迁移/移动116.pay/charge sb for 向某人…猛攻,充电,负责,付费,控诉117.separate/split 分开,使隔绝,提取/分,劈开118.fascination/attraction(-e:[v]) 迷住,吸引住119.not require/unnecessary 不需要/不必要120.decode/decipher 译解(密码),解释121.delay/drawback= disadvantage 耽误,延迟/欠缺,弊端122.association/organization 机构,关联/组织123.recent/current/nowadays/present 最近的/现代的/当今的/现在124.intensive burst/explosive release 强烈的爆发/爆炸性的释放125.recognized/identified 承认,识别,认可/识别,鉴别126.aim to/focus on 针对,目标,打算/集中127.link…to/lead to 连接/导致,通向128. inadequate(diet)/deficiency(in trace minerals) 不充分,不适当的/缺乏,不足129.basic/fundamental 基础的,基本的130.seize/catch 捕捉,抓住131.fatal/lethal 致命的132.success on/running on 成功133.costly/be related by 有关系的134.be obtained in/be derived in 获得,流行,通用/由…产生,起源于135.high-income/wealthy 高收入的/富裕的136.be alike/be similar to 相同的,相似的137.indicate/show 显示,指出,象征138. eliminate/lessen ><消除/减少139. not risen significantly/stagnate 停滞不前的140.salary/wage 工资:总称/蓝领的141.create/gain 创造,造成/获得,增加efficiently/increased productivity 有效率的/上升的生产率142.economy/financial 经济143.administration/management144.(be) sympathetic/understand 同情的,赞同/理解145.introduce/involve 引入/卷入146.change/different147.die>< exist 死亡><存在148.almost/approximately149.be out of date/be developed 150.solve/reduce 减少151.famous/eminent152.barrier/ hurdle153.higher position/top post。

大学英语自学教程(上册0012)课后习题答案.docx

《大学英语自学教程》(上册)课后习题答案(珍藏版)Unit 1 (2)Text A (2)Text B (3)Grammar Exercises (4)Unit 2 (5)Text A (5)Text B (5)Grammar Exercises (6)Unit 3 (6)Text A (6)Text B (7)Grammar Exercises (7)Unit 4 (9)Text A (9)Text B (9)Grammar Exercises (10)Unit 5 (11)Text A (11)Text B (11)Grammar Exercises (12)Unit 6 (12)Text A (12)Text B (13)Grammar Exercises (13)Unit 7 (14)Text A (14)Text B (15)Grammar Exercises (16)Unit 8 (16)Text A (16)Text B (17)Grammar Exercises (18)Unit 9 (19)Text A (19)Text B (19)Grammar Exercises (20)Unit 10 (21)Text A (21)Text B (22)Grammar Exercises (22)Unit 11 (23)Text A (23)Text B (24)Grammar Exercises (24)Unit 12 (25)Text A (25)Text B (25)Grammar Exercises (26)Unit 13 (27)Text A (27)Text B (27)Grammar Exercises (28)Unit 14 (28)Text A (28)Text B (29)Grammar Exercises (30)Unit 15 (30)Text A (30)Text B (31)Grammar Exercises (32)Unit 16 (33)Text A (33)Text B (34)Grammar Exercises (34)Unit 17 (35)Text A (35)Text B (36)Grammar Exercises (37)Unit 18 (37)Text A (37)Text B (38)Grammar Exercises (39)Unit 19 (39)Text A (39)Text B (40)Grammar Exercises (41)Unit 20 (41)Text A (41)Text B (42)Grammar Exercises (43)Unit 21 (43)Text A (43)Text B (44)Unit 22 (45)Text A (45)Text B (45)Unit 23 (46)Text A (46)Text B (47)Unit 24 (48)Text A (48)Text B (49)Unit 25 (50)Text A (50)Text B (51)UnitlText AExercises for the Text1. d2.a3.c4.d5.dII.1 .task 2.intelligent 3. resear ch 4. clue 5.conclusion 6.repeat municate 8.purpose 9.probably 10.outlineIII.1 .Instead of 2.therefore 3.more...than 4.even 5.First of all 6.because 7.on the otherhand 8.finally 9.looking for 10.ConverselyIV.J1 .Research shows that successful language learners are similar in many ways.nguage learning is active leaming.Therefore,successful learners should look for every chance to use the language.nguage learning should be active,independent and purposeful.4.Learning a language is different from learning maths.5.The teacher often imparts successfull language learning experiences to us.Vocabulary ExercisesI.1. a.success b.successful c.successfully2. a.indepence b.depend c.dependent3. a.covered b.unco ver c.discovered4. a.purposeful b.purposefully c.purposeII.1 .inexact 2.technique 3.outlinedmunicate5.regularly6.clues7.intelligent 8.incomplete 9.similarlO.statementIII.1 .disagree 2.independent 3.incomplete4.inexact5.uncoverIV.1 .They find it hard to master a foreign language.2.The research shows that successful men are similar in many ways.3.Successful language learners do not only depend on the book or the teacher.4.We are willingto help our friends.5.We should learn new things independently,actively,and purposefully.TextBExercises for the TextI.I.T 2.F 3.T 4.F 5.T 6.F 7.F 8.F 9.T 10.FII.1.With the help of their fingers2."I am thirsty."3.tea,coffee,wine,beer and soda-water4.Put his hands on his stomach5.no thing but drinks6.much more exact7.meanings and can be put together into sentences8.form new sentences9.talk10.speakVocabulary ExercisesI. b 2.a 3.c 4.e 5.dII.I. B 2.A 3.B 4.D 5.A 6.A 7.C 8.C 9.C 10.BGrammar Exercisesi.whether 连词towards 介词second数词hour名词repeat 动词successful 形容词not副词probably副词than连词because连词which 连词even畐U词intelligent 形容词differ 动词regular形容词some 形容词/代词/副词into介词oh感叹词seem 系动词communicate 动词II.1.Let动词round介词2.fresh形容词for介词3.leave名词call动词on介词if连词spare动词4.Even副词it代词5.Where连接副词will名词6.after介词calm名词7.seem系动词those代词makes名词8.without 介词return 名词9.strict形容词work动词10.news名词live形容词meeting名词III.(斜体为主语,带下划线的为谓语)1.Most adults would disagree with this statement.2.How much time did they allow you for doing the work.3.1 had a visit from Mary yesterday.4.China's stand on this questionis clear to all.5.Warm clothes protest against the cold of winter.6.What we need is more practice.7.There doesn't seem to be much chance of my getting job.8.In those days the cost of living rose by nearly 4 percent.9.There are a number of people interested in the case.10.Every means has been tried but without much result.IV.1. a magazine (宾语)last night (状语)2.in need (定语)indeed (定语)3.outside your area (定语)telephoning long distance (主语补足语)4.your children (宾语)all day (状语)5 .his direction (宾语)French (宾语)6.me (宾语)plenty of exercises (不定式宾语)7.long (宾语)to London (状语)8.those (宾语)who help themselves (从句作定语)9.her (宾语)above others (宾语补足语)lO.to build a hotel in the village (定语)of the foreigners (定语)Unit 2Text AExercises for the TextI.I. a 2.c 3.a 4,a 5.cII.1. Income tax is a certain percentage of the salaries paid to the goverment.2. Graduated income tax means the percentage of the tax(14 to 70 percent) increases as a person's income increase.3. Property tax is that people who own a home have to pay taxes on it.4. Exercise tax is charged on cars in a city.5. Sales tax is a percentage charged to any item which you buy in that state.II. 「 「l. due 2.depends on 3. di verse 4.consists of 5.simila 6.tends to 7. complaining about 8.In addition to9.issue lO.agreed on iv. -1. How much do you charge for a haircut.2. We are trying to use funds for the Red Cross.3 .He has earned a good reputation for honsety.4. We pay taxes in exchange for government services.5. An open letter protests the government's foreign policy.V. 「 「1 .Every citizen is obliged to pay taxes. (It is obligatory on every citizen to pay taxes)(It is every citizen's duty to pay taxes.)2. Americans often say that there are two things they can be sure of in life.3 .There are generally three levels of government in the United States; therefore,there are three types of taxes.4.Some states charge income tax in addition to a sales tax.5 .Americans complain that taxes are too high and the government uses them in the wrong way. Vocabulary ExercisesI.1. a. percent b. percentage2. a. adds b. addition3. a. confused b. confusing4. a. complained b. complain II.1 .charge 2. departmen 3 .due 4.di verse 5. earns 6. vary 7.property 8.leading 9.funds 10. tendsIII. 「 「1 .China leads the world with silk products.2.In addition to an income tax some states charge a sales tax.3 .The sales tax varies from price to price of any item you buy.4.People often complain about the increasing price.5 .His mother says that he spends too much time on TV every day.Text BExercises for the TextI.I. F 2.F 3.F 4.T 5.T 6.T 7.T 8.F 9.T 10.FII.c. percent c. additional c. confusion c. complaint1 .attracts 2.1eisure 3.available 4.limited 5.estimateIII.1 .decided on 2.approved 3.estimate4.carried over5.put up with6.characteristic ofIV.l. B 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.C 6.DGrammar Exercisesi.I. SV 2.SVO 3.SVOC 4.SVC 5.SVO6.SVOC7.SVOC8.SVO9.SVOO 10.SVOCII. SVOC 12.SVC 13.SVOC 14.SVOO 15.SVCII.1 .prefer 2.insisted 3.need 4.make 5.remember6.1ook7. worked8. was9.sounds lO.gaveIII. Jl. B 2.C 3.D 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.A 8.D 9.A 10.DIV.1. The two languages are different/not similar in many way.2. The deaf and dumb can neigher speak nor hear.3 .The Englishman speaks a very good Italian.4. Could you pass me a cup of coffee.5. At this time he felt thirsty and hungry.6. Yesterday evening she asked me to wait for her at the gate of the restaurant.7. When did you get up this morning.8. The story sounds interesting,but it is not true.9. The meat and macaroni cost me 25 yuan.10.She oftern teaches the children to sing English songs.Unit 3Text AExercises for the TextI.I. d2.d3.c4.b5.dII.1 .long/wide 2.across 3.deep 4.around 5.high III. - J2. The 5. /,a 8. The,the,the IV.1 .unwilling 2.avarage 3.take 4.runs 5.SupposeIV. 「 「l.On the avarage there are 1,000 vistors a day.2. The Atlantic Ocean is only as half as the Pacific,but it is moar than 4,000 miles wide.3. Last night it took him a long time to get to sleep.4. There are so many ads on TV that it is to remember how many there are.5. Many wrong ideas about the Atlantic made the people in Columbus !days unwilling to sail westward.l.The,/,/ 4./ 7./10./3. the,the 6./,the 9.The,theVocabularyExercises I.l.a.sailed b.sailor c.sail(n.)2.a.willing b.unwillingly c.unwilling3.a.unusual ual ually4.a.average(n.) b.average(a.) c.averaged(v.)II.1 .peak2 .crew 3.average4.blils 5 .unusual 6.high way7. narrow 8. salty 9. spotlO.affectedIII.1. The sailors were afraid that might meet bad weather.2. The mountain is half as high as MountTai.3.On the average there are 45 students in every class of the school.4. The climate affects the growth of plants.5. My work keeps pilling up.Text BExercises for the TextI.1. T2.T3.F4.T5.F6.T7.T8.T9.F 10.TII.1 .three2. the earth's gravitational pull.3.it is near4.29.55.its own/reflects6. disc7. the old moon in the new moon's arms.8.outline9. the old earth in the new earth's arms10. nightVocabulary ExercisesI.l. d 2.b 3.a 4,c 5.e11.l.C 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.D 6.C 7.B 8.B 9.B 10.DGrammar Exercisesexplain-explanation conclude —conclusion move —movement govern-govemment similar —aimilarity pay-payment advertise —advertisement add —addition use —usefulness mix —mixturesulless —sullessful color —colorful i.depend —dependence form —formation inform--information mean —meaning graduate-graduation confuse —confusion agree —agreement announce —announcement decide —decision attract-attractionII.science —scientificresponse —responsiblerevolution —revolutionary help —helpful meaning —meaningful use —usefulact —active independent incomplete informal uncertainimpolite1. try n.尝试;试验经过许多次尝试后,他们终于取得了成功。

第七章翻译

【译文】我一见到那个孤儿,就想到他的父母。
5)In this mood, I went to diplomatic circles, earnest but only sketchingly informed.
【译文】我就是怀着这种心情进入外交界的,满腔热情,但知之甚少。
6)Her child, her work, her friends were more than enough to fill her time.
【译文】我喜Leabharlann 那地方的原因恰恰是你不喜欢它的原因。
9)The old people, weary but excited, decided to have a rest.
【译文】这些老人,虽疲劳却兴致很高,他们决定休息一下。
10)He spoke hopefully of the success of the movement.
7) In the course of the same year, war broke out in that area.
【译文】同年,该地区爆发了战争。
8) Before the night was far advanced, they began to move against the enemy.
【译文】人生在世,有时会时来运转,只要抓住时机,就能有所作为,非但男人如此,女人也一样。
15)Although schoolmistresses’ letters are to be trusted no more nor less than churchyard epitaphs; yet, as it sometimes happens that a person departs his 1ife, who is really deserving of all the praises the stone-cutter carves over his bones; who is a good Christian, a good parent, chi1d, wife or husband; who actually does leave a disconsolate family to morn his loss; …

高考词汇--否定前缀


mal- “坏”,“错误”,“糟糕”
practice(实践)—malpractice(玩忽职守) function(功能)—malfunction(出现故障) nutrition(营养)—malnutrition(营养不良) treat(对待)—maltreat(虐待) formation(形成)—malformation(畸形) administration(管理)—maladministration(管理不善) odor(气味;臭味)—malodor(恶臭) adjustment(调整)—maladjustment(失调;不适应)
—counterproductive(产生反效果的) terrorism(恐怖主义)—counter-terrorism(反恐) argument(论点)—counter-argument(对立的论点)
anti- “反对”,“反抗”,“防止”
social(社会的)—antisocial(反社会的) hero(英雄;主角)—anti-hero(非正统主角) freeze(结冰;冷冻)—antifreeze(防冻剂) biotic(生物的)—antibiotic(抗生素) aircraft(飞机)—antiaircraft(防空的) body(身体)—antibody(抗体) missile(导弹)—antimissile(反导弹的) war(战争)—antiwar(反战的) nuclear(核能的;核武器的)—antinuclear(反核武器的)
balance (n.平衡)—imbalance (n.不平衡)
il- “不”(放在首字母是l的形容词前) ir- “不”(放在首字母是r的形容词前)
legal(合法的)—illegal(非法的) legible(清晰可读的)—illegible(难以辨认的) literate(有读写能力的)—illiterate(文盲的) logical(合逻辑的)—illogical(不合逻辑的) regular(规则的)—irregular(不规则的) responsible(负责任的)—irresponsible(不负责的) religious(宗教的)—irreligious(无宗教信仰的) rational(合理的)—irrational(没有道理的)
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si ≤ s j ;.For example, S can be defined as
S = {s1 = extremely poor, s2 = very poor, s3 = poor, s4 = medium, s5 = good, s6 = very good , s7 = extremely good}
b Department of Mathematics, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China (637007)
E-mail:weiguiwu@
Abstract With respect to multiple attribute group decision making problem with uncertain linguistic information, in which the attribute weights and expert weights take the form of real numbers, and the attribute preference values take the form of uncertain linguistic variables, we develop a new dependent uncertain linguistic OWG (DULOWG) operator based on DUOWG operator in uncertain linguistic setting, and study some of its desirable properties. The prominent characteristic of this dependent uncertain linguistic OWG operator is that it can relieve the influence of unfair arguments on the aggregated results. Finally, we give an example to illustrate the developed operator. Keywords: Group decision making; ordered weighted averaging (OWA) operators; ordered weighted geometric (OWG)operators; dependent uncertain linguistic ordered weighted geometric (DULOWG) operators; uncertain linguistic variables
call sa the original linguistic term, otherwise, we call sa the virtual linguistic term. In general, the
decision maker uses the original linguistic term to evaluate attributes aቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱd alternatives, and the virtual
To preserve all the given information, we extend the discrete term set S to a continuous term set
{ } S = sa s1 ≤ sa ≤ sq , a ∈[1, q] , where q is a sufficiently large positive integer. If sa ∈ S , then we
(1) The method based on extension principle, which makes operations on the fuzzy numbers that support the semantics of the linguistic terms [19]. (2) The method based on symbols, which makes computations on the indexes of the linguistic terms [20]. (3) The method based on fuzzy linguistic representation model, which composed by a linguistic term and a number [21-23]. (4) The method, which computes with words directly [24-42]. Sometimes, however, the decision makers are willing or able to provide only uncertain linguistic information because of time pressure, lack of knowledge, or data, and their limited expertise related to the problem domain. Up to now, there are a few approaches developed for dealing with group decision making with uncertain linguistic preference relations. However, these approaches are argumentindependent approaches in which the weights are associated with particular ordered positions of the aggregated uncertain linguistic arguments, and have no connection with the aggregated uncertain linguistic arguments. In this paper, we will pay attention to the argument-dependent approaches in which determine the weights based on the input uncertain linguistic arguments. The aim of this paper is to develop a new argument-dependent approach to determining uncertain linguistic ordered weighted geometric (ULOWG) weights based on the deviation measure and the normal distribution. In order to do so, this paper is set out as follows. In Section 2 we introduce some basic concepts and operational laws of uncertain linguistic variables. In Section 3 we develop a dependent uncertain linguistic ordered weighted geometric (DULOWG) operators in which the associated weights only depend on the aggregated uncertain linguistic arguments and can relieve the influence of unfair uncertain linguistic arguments on the aggregated results by assigning low weights to those “false” and “biased” ones. In
1. Introduction
Multiple attribute decision making under linguistic environment is an interesting research topic having received more and more attention from researchers during the last several years [1-42]. In the process of multiple attribute decision making, the linguistic decision information needs to be aggregated by means of some proper approaches so as to rank the given decision alternatives and then to select the most desirable one. Several methods have been proposed for dealing with linguistic information. These methods are mainly as follows:
-1-

Section 4 we develop a practical method based on the ULWGM and the DULOWG operators for group decision making problem with uncertain linguistic information, which is straightforward and has no loss of information. In Section 5, we give an illustrative example to verify the developed approach and to demonstrate its feasibility and practicality. In Section 6 we conclude the paper and give some remarks.
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