lecture_8 美国文学史课件
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Lectures on American Literature——美国文学讲义
True Relation of Virginia (1608)
Description of New England (1616)
General History of Virginia, New England, and the Summer Isles (1624)
我要讴歌基督教创造的 奇迹为逃避欧洲的腐败 堕落，他们来到美洲的 海滩；……感谢上帝的 庇佑，把印第安人的荒 芜之地变得辉煌灿烂。 ---科顿· 马瑟
我们将成为整个世界的山巅 城 ( a city set upon a hill )， 全世界人民的眼睛都将看着 我们。如果我们在实现这一 事业的过程中欺骗了上帝， 如果上帝不再像今天那样帮 助我们，那么我们终将成为 世人的笑柄。
A Puritan Should Be…
务实的理想主义者
教条机会主义者
• “a visionary梦想家 who never forget that two plus two equals four; He was a practical idealist…his conduct was regulated by expediency 私利. He was a doctrinaire教条主义者 and an opportunist.”
• In content
religious writings serving either God or colonial expansion
• In form
imitating English literary tradition
American colonial literature is neither real literature nor American
美国文学课件 8
美国文学
4)
5)
III. The Schools of American Modernism
1) 2) Modern poetry: experiments in form (Imagism) Prose Writing: modern realism (the Lost Generation)
3)
American Literature:
Lecture 8 Modernism
(1914 - 1945)
退出
American Literature (I) Autumn 2008
Objectives
To enable the Ss to get a general idea about American Modernism; To enable the Ss to get in touch with some important modern poets such as Robert Frost and Ezra Pound;
美国文学
Teaching Materials
Robert Lee Frost ―The Pasture‖ ―The Road Not Taken‖ ―Stopping by the Woods on a Snowy Evening‖ Ezra Pound ―In a Station of the Metro‖ ―A Pact‖ ―Salutation‖ ―The Garden‖
2)
美国文学
II Major Features of Modernism
3) Modernism in literature is not easily summarized, but the key elements are experimentation, antirealism, individualism and a stress on the cerebral rather than emotive aspects. The work of Modernist writers is characterized by showing the disenchantment, dislocation, and alienation of men in the world, and by the emphasis on experimentation and formalism and objectivism which are, in most cases, a reaction to the cataclysm known as the Modern Age. Among American writers, the best-known Modernists are T.S.Eliot, Ezra Pound, F.Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway, William Faulkner and so on.
4)
5)
III. The Schools of American Modernism
1) 2) Modern poetry: experiments in form (Imagism) Prose Writing: modern realism (the Lost Generation)
3)
American Literature:
Lecture 8 Modernism
(1914 - 1945)
退出
American Literature (I) Autumn 2008
Objectives
To enable the Ss to get a general idea about American Modernism; To enable the Ss to get in touch with some important modern poets such as Robert Frost and Ezra Pound;
美国文学
Teaching Materials
Robert Lee Frost ―The Pasture‖ ―The Road Not Taken‖ ―Stopping by the Woods on a Snowy Evening‖ Ezra Pound ―In a Station of the Metro‖ ―A Pact‖ ―Salutation‖ ―The Garden‖
2)
美国文学
II Major Features of Modernism
3) Modernism in literature is not easily summarized, but the key elements are experimentation, antirealism, individualism and a stress on the cerebral rather than emotive aspects. The work of Modernist writers is characterized by showing the disenchantment, dislocation, and alienation of men in the world, and by the emphasis on experimentation and formalism and objectivism which are, in most cases, a reaction to the cataclysm known as the Modern Age. Among American writers, the best-known Modernists are T.S.Eliot, Ezra Pound, F.Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway, William Faulkner and so on.
美国文学史PPT课件
2. 19th_century American Literature 1) Romanticism; 2)Realism; 3)Naturalism 3. American Literature of the 20th century and the
present 1)modernism; 2)postmodernism
— John Updike: “Bitter Bamboo”
What is the implication of Updike’s comment ? Do you agderstanding about American literature and culture at present?
B) Simple, fresh, direct, plain, a touch of nobility
7
Periodization of American Literature Key Themes in American Literature
8
Periodization of American Literature
A General Introduction to American Literature
1
Discussions
China, experts agree, is the nation of the future […] The commercial and intellectual success its emigrants have enjoyed in nations from Malaysia to the United States all augur (预示) impending global dominance. In literature, however, the Chinese mainland, as far as Western ears go, is pretty quiet. […] Bookstores, the Times reports, are bustling, but nearly half the purchases consist of textbooks and half the translations are of American books.
present 1)modernism; 2)postmodernism
— John Updike: “Bitter Bamboo”
What is the implication of Updike’s comment ? Do you agderstanding about American literature and culture at present?
B) Simple, fresh, direct, plain, a touch of nobility
7
Periodization of American Literature Key Themes in American Literature
8
Periodization of American Literature
A General Introduction to American Literature
1
Discussions
China, experts agree, is the nation of the future […] The commercial and intellectual success its emigrants have enjoyed in nations from Malaysia to the United States all augur (预示) impending global dominance. In literature, however, the Chinese mainland, as far as Western ears go, is pretty quiet. […] Bookstores, the Times reports, are bustling, but nearly half the purchases consist of textbooks and half the translations are of American books.
美国文学chapter_8
Backward
Forward
Henry Adams (1838–1918)
Adams, Henry, Born in Boston into one of the country's most prominent families - both his great-grandfather and his grandfather had been Presidents of the United States -, Adams graduated from Harvard in 1858. He travelled extensively, spending many years in Europe. His novel Democracy was published anonymously in 1880 and immediately became popular. However, only after Adams's death did his publisher reveal Adams's authorship. He is a writer and historian, born in Boston, son of Charles Francis Adams (1807–86). He was secretary (1861–68) to his father, then U.S. minister to Great Britain. Upon his return to the United States, having already abandoned the law and seeing no opportunity in the traditional Adams vocation of politics, he briefly pursued journalism. He reluctantly accepted (1870) an offer to teach medieval history at Harvard, but nonetheless stayed on seven years and also edited (1870–76) the North American Review. In 1877 Adams moved to Washington, D.C., his home thereafter. He wrote a good biography of Albert Gallatin (1879), a less satisfactory one of John Randolph (1882), and two novels (the first anonymously and the second under a pseudonym)—Democracy (1880), a cutting satire on politics, and Esther (1884).
英美文学欣赏最新版教学课件美国文学Unit 8 Robert Frost
英美文学欣赏（第四版）
An Appreciation of American Literature
Unit 8 Robert Frost
英美文学欣赏（第四版）
作者简介
罗伯特 ·弗罗斯特（Robert Frost， 1874—1963），美国二十世 纪最负盛名的伟大诗人。
英美文学欣赏（第四版）
他生于旧金山，在美国西部度过了他的 童年，11 岁 时 丧 父， 全 家 搬 至 新 英 格 兰 的 新 罕 布 什 尔（New Hampshire） 的祖父家。弗罗斯特从小喜爱读诗、写诗， 中学时代就显露诗才。1982 年中学毕业后， 他进入达 特茅斯学院（Dartmouth College），但 7 周后退学。1897 年进入哈 佛大学，两年后因病辍学。其后以教书和 务农为生。1912 年，弗罗斯特举家迁至英 国伦敦，专事诗歌创作，很快出版第一部
英美文学欣赏（第四版）
➢ Questions
1. What does the “road” symbolize in the poem? 2. Were you once in a position of choosing between two roads? How
important is it for a person to choose a proper road in life? Give your reasons.
Or highway where the slow wheel pours the sand.
我不该被抑制了，而在某一天 我该悄悄溜走，溜进那茫茫林间， 任何时候都不怕看见空地广袤， 或是缓缓车轮洒下沙粒的大道。
英美文学欣赏（第四版）
I do not see why I should e’er turn back, Or those should not set forth upon my track To overtake me, who should miss me here And long to know if still I held them dear.
An Appreciation of American Literature
Unit 8 Robert Frost
英美文学欣赏（第四版）
作者简介
罗伯特 ·弗罗斯特（Robert Frost， 1874—1963），美国二十世 纪最负盛名的伟大诗人。
英美文学欣赏（第四版）
他生于旧金山，在美国西部度过了他的 童年，11 岁 时 丧 父， 全 家 搬 至 新 英 格 兰 的 新 罕 布 什 尔（New Hampshire） 的祖父家。弗罗斯特从小喜爱读诗、写诗， 中学时代就显露诗才。1982 年中学毕业后， 他进入达 特茅斯学院（Dartmouth College），但 7 周后退学。1897 年进入哈 佛大学，两年后因病辍学。其后以教书和 务农为生。1912 年，弗罗斯特举家迁至英 国伦敦，专事诗歌创作，很快出版第一部
英美文学欣赏（第四版）
➢ Questions
1. What does the “road” symbolize in the poem? 2. Were you once in a position of choosing between two roads? How
important is it for a person to choose a proper road in life? Give your reasons.
Or highway where the slow wheel pours the sand.
我不该被抑制了，而在某一天 我该悄悄溜走，溜进那茫茫林间， 任何时候都不怕看见空地广袤， 或是缓缓车轮洒下沙粒的大道。
英美文学欣赏（第四版）
I do not see why I should e’er turn back, Or those should not set forth upon my track To overtake me, who should miss me here And long to know if still I held them dear.
Lecture 8
Contribution: It was a rebellion against the traditional poetics which failed to reflect the new life of the new century. It offered a new way of writing which was valid not only for the Imagist poets but for modern poetry as a whole. The movement was a training school in which many great poets learned their first lessons in the poetic art.
In 1908, again went abroad, and helped writers such as James Joyce, T.S. Eliot and Robert Frost; In 1924, he left Paris for Italy. During WWII, he conducted radio broadcasts beamed at the American troops on behalf of the Italian government. After the treason charges were dismissed in 1958. Returned to Italy, where he died in 1972.
Lecture 8
20th-Century American Poets
Imagism Ezra Pound (1885-1972) Robert Frost (1874-1963)
《美国文学》课件8
11
He was born into a declining aristocratic family. Some of his ancestors were men of prominence in the Puritan theocracy (神权统治、 僧侣政治) of the 17th century New England. One of them was a colonial magistrate (地方法官), notorious for his part in the persecution of the Quakers and another was a judge at the Salem Witchcraft Trial in 1692.
12
Hawthorne was intensely aware of the misdeeds of his Puritan ancestors and took the decline of the family fortune as a kind of retribution, and the awareness of his ancestral misdeeds also led to his understanding of evil being at the core of human life, to his black vision. Some of his works, Hawthorne suggested, are an attempt at expiating the sin of his ancestors.
16
To Hawthorne, romance was the predestined form of American narrative. It is not only “the poverty of material” in America that led him to write romances rather than novels; there is also his Puritan prudence (谨慎) to consider. Out of his Puritan scruples (顾忌) came his anxious desire not to offend the Puritan taste, his earnest wish not to commit a literary crime of any sort, in short, to tell the truth and satirize and yet not to offend.
He was born into a declining aristocratic family. Some of his ancestors were men of prominence in the Puritan theocracy (神权统治、 僧侣政治) of the 17th century New England. One of them was a colonial magistrate (地方法官), notorious for his part in the persecution of the Quakers and another was a judge at the Salem Witchcraft Trial in 1692.
12
Hawthorne was intensely aware of the misdeeds of his Puritan ancestors and took the decline of the family fortune as a kind of retribution, and the awareness of his ancestral misdeeds also led to his understanding of evil being at the core of human life, to his black vision. Some of his works, Hawthorne suggested, are an attempt at expiating the sin of his ancestors.
16
To Hawthorne, romance was the predestined form of American narrative. It is not only “the poverty of material” in America that led him to write romances rather than novels; there is also his Puritan prudence (谨慎) to consider. Out of his Puritan scruples (顾忌) came his anxious desire not to offend the Puritan taste, his earnest wish not to commit a literary crime of any sort, in short, to tell the truth and satirize and yet not to offend.
Lecture 8
The Scarlet Letter
Summary: An aging scholar, Chillingworth sends his beautiful young wife (being born into a poor country family, marrying the scholar to survive) Hester Prynne to make their new home in New England. Two years later. He comes to New England, he wife has given birth to a baby girl. As a punishment for her sin of adultery, she is made to wear the letter “A” on her dress over her bosom. It is a sign of shame. As Prynne refuses to name the father of her child, in order to find who her lover is, her husband disguises himself as a physician, changes his name to Roger Chillingworth. Gradually, he discovers that her lover is the much-admired brilliant young clergyman, Arthur Dimmesdale. Without telling Dimmesdale who he is and what he has found out, he begins to torture him in a cruel way, though there had never been love between he and his wife.The Clergyman suffered horribly from guilt because he does not confess his sin. The weight of his guity seems to destroy both his body and his spirit. In the end, he dies in the arm of Prynne while confessing his sin at a public gathering. Chillingworth also dies.
美国文学 PPT课件
➢ Chapter II Revolutionary Period
Benjamin Franklin Philip Freneau
➢ Chapter III American Romanticism
Washington Irving James Fenimore Cooper William Cullen Bryant Edgar Allan Poe Nathaniel Hawthorne
Brief Outline of American literature
1. Colonial period (1607-1775)
Anne Bradstreet Edward Taylor
2. Revolutionary period
(1775-1783) Benjamin Franklin Philip Freneau
The early settlers
❖ Christopher Columbus discovered the American continent in 1492.
❖ Captain John Smith reached Jamestown, Virginia in 1607.
❖ Puritans came the New England area, by Mayflower in 1620.
❖ Literature is characterized by beauty of expression and form and by universality of intellectual and emotional appeal.
2. Forms (genres) of literature? Poetry, novel (fiction), drama, prose, essay, epic, elegy, short story, journalism, ts, novelette, etc.
Benjamin Franklin Philip Freneau
➢ Chapter III American Romanticism
Washington Irving James Fenimore Cooper William Cullen Bryant Edgar Allan Poe Nathaniel Hawthorne
Brief Outline of American literature
1. Colonial period (1607-1775)
Anne Bradstreet Edward Taylor
2. Revolutionary period
(1775-1783) Benjamin Franklin Philip Freneau
The early settlers
❖ Christopher Columbus discovered the American continent in 1492.
❖ Captain John Smith reached Jamestown, Virginia in 1607.
❖ Puritans came the New England area, by Mayflower in 1620.
❖ Literature is characterized by beauty of expression and form and by universality of intellectual and emotional appeal.
2. Forms (genres) of literature? Poetry, novel (fiction), drama, prose, essay, epic, elegy, short story, journalism, ts, novelette, etc.
美国文学史总结PPT课件
人之福，也是众人之父“a common blessing and father to them all”
2019/9/12
6
John Winthrop
John Winthrop:《新英格兰历史》“The History of New England”. 1630年登上“阿贝亚”（Arbella）to Massachusetts并开始写日记keep a journal
其还是美国第一位主要作家the first major writer非凡表达能力，简洁明了，有点幽默，还是一位讽 刺天才as an author he had power of expression, simplicity, a subtle humor. He was also sarcastic.
美国早期文学主要为the narratives and journals of these settlements采用in diaries and in journals(日记和日志)，他们写关于the land with dense forests and deep-blue lakes and rich soil.
2019/9/12
10
Edward Taylor
清教徒诗人中最杰出的一位the best of the Puritan poets 他的作品遵循了十七世纪中期一些杰出诗人风格和形式his work followed they
style and forms of the leading English poets of the mid-seventeenth century。 他大部分作品关于宗教的，大部分诗歌直接以赞美诗为基础进行创作的most of
2019/9/12
2019/9/12
6
John Winthrop
John Winthrop:《新英格兰历史》“The History of New England”. 1630年登上“阿贝亚”（Arbella）to Massachusetts并开始写日记keep a journal
其还是美国第一位主要作家the first major writer非凡表达能力，简洁明了，有点幽默，还是一位讽 刺天才as an author he had power of expression, simplicity, a subtle humor. He was also sarcastic.
美国早期文学主要为the narratives and journals of these settlements采用in diaries and in journals(日记和日志)，他们写关于the land with dense forests and deep-blue lakes and rich soil.
2019/9/12
10
Edward Taylor
清教徒诗人中最杰出的一位the best of the Puritan poets 他的作品遵循了十七世纪中期一些杰出诗人风格和形式his work followed they
style and forms of the leading English poets of the mid-seventeenth century。 他大部分作品关于宗教的，大部分诗歌直接以赞美诗为基础进行创作的most of
2019/9/12
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Literature of Ethnic Minorities
Black American Literature I Why African American literature considered separately? 1. bitter experience 2. different tradition 3. different myth II. Literary development: 1. Oral tradition: songs, ballads, spirituals
symbolism Flexible and swift All resources of the languages
V. Writer and Black: Ellison developed racial themes, but he rejected protest fictions because he was more interested in the world of arts.
III. Amy Tan (1952--) 1. Works:
The Kitchen God's Wife, 1991 The Hundred Secret Senses 1995 The Bonesetter's Daughter 2001. 2. Themes -mother/daughter tension, universally caused by generational conflicts, is here intensified by cultural differences. - Assimilation of two cultures:
4. 1940s: Richard Wright
5. 1950s &1960s: Ralph Ellison
Ralph Ellison (1914-1994)
I. life
II. Works : Invisible Man (1952) (7 years to finish) : considered one of the best post-war novels written by any American
C. Novels: Jean Toomer Cane (1923)
3. Harlem Renaissance: catch the wide attention of the white readers by truthful openly, shockingly describing life of black people as they knew it to be from their own experience
III. Theme: surface : the black’s search for identity (534)
Novel about existentialist crisis
IV. Style: symbolism
Flexible and swift
All resources of the languages
I. History of Asian Immigr Nhomakorabeation
-Gold Rush (1848-1855)
- since 1860
II. History of Asian American Literature
1940s Pearl Buck. (The Good Earth ) C.Y.Lee The Flower Drum Song 1955 an evaluation was conducted on literature 1976 Maxine Hong Kingston The Woman Warrior 1976 Frank Chin Donald Duck 1991
2. literature in written form: 18th century (1760s) A． Poetry in late 18th century : Lucy Terry Jupiter
Hammon Most poems are religious
B. Slave Narrative: late 18th century 19th century 3 19th century writers: Frederick Douglass Booker T. Washington W.E.B. DuBois
V. Writer and Black: Ellison developed racial themes, but he rejected protest fictions because he was more interested in the world of arts.
IV. Style:
Asian American Literature
Asian American literature as a category breaks down into subdivisions such as Chinese American literature, Japanese American literature, Indian American literature, Korean American literature and Pilipino American literature.
Black American Literature I Why African American literature considered separately? 1. bitter experience 2. different tradition 3. different myth II. Literary development: 1. Oral tradition: songs, ballads, spirituals
symbolism Flexible and swift All resources of the languages
V. Writer and Black: Ellison developed racial themes, but he rejected protest fictions because he was more interested in the world of arts.
III. Amy Tan (1952--) 1. Works:
The Kitchen God's Wife, 1991 The Hundred Secret Senses 1995 The Bonesetter's Daughter 2001. 2. Themes -mother/daughter tension, universally caused by generational conflicts, is here intensified by cultural differences. - Assimilation of two cultures:
4. 1940s: Richard Wright
5. 1950s &1960s: Ralph Ellison
Ralph Ellison (1914-1994)
I. life
II. Works : Invisible Man (1952) (7 years to finish) : considered one of the best post-war novels written by any American
C. Novels: Jean Toomer Cane (1923)
3. Harlem Renaissance: catch the wide attention of the white readers by truthful openly, shockingly describing life of black people as they knew it to be from their own experience
III. Theme: surface : the black’s search for identity (534)
Novel about existentialist crisis
IV. Style: symbolism
Flexible and swift
All resources of the languages
I. History of Asian Immigr Nhomakorabeation
-Gold Rush (1848-1855)
- since 1860
II. History of Asian American Literature
1940s Pearl Buck. (The Good Earth ) C.Y.Lee The Flower Drum Song 1955 an evaluation was conducted on literature 1976 Maxine Hong Kingston The Woman Warrior 1976 Frank Chin Donald Duck 1991
2. literature in written form: 18th century (1760s) A． Poetry in late 18th century : Lucy Terry Jupiter
Hammon Most poems are religious
B. Slave Narrative: late 18th century 19th century 3 19th century writers: Frederick Douglass Booker T. Washington W.E.B. DuBois
V. Writer and Black: Ellison developed racial themes, but he rejected protest fictions because he was more interested in the world of arts.
IV. Style:
Asian American Literature
Asian American literature as a category breaks down into subdivisions such as Chinese American literature, Japanese American literature, Indian American literature, Korean American literature and Pilipino American literature.