生物科学专业英语精选文档PPT课件
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生物专业英语(共62张PPT)
energy from nutrients into ATP, and then release waste products.
光合作用以二氧化碳和水为原材料并经历两步化学反应。
第一步，称光反应，水分子裂解 (被氧化)，释放氧气，并形成ATP和 NADPH（还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸）。
此反应必须在存在光能的条件下进行。
2022/9/25
9
Introduction
光合作用只发生在含有叶绿素的绿色植物细胞、藻类、某些原生生 物和细菌之中。
总体来说，这是一个将光能转化成化学能的过程，其能量以分子 键形式贮存。
从化学和能量学角度来看，它是细胞呼吸作用的逆反应。
但是细胞呼吸作用是高度放能，释放能量的过程，而光合作用需 要能量, 并且是高度吸能的过程。
在光合作用的光反应中，当捕光分子回到基态时，额外的激发能 被转移到其它分子中并且以化学能的形式贮存。
•All photosynthetic organisms contain various classes of
chlorophylls and one or more carotenoid pigments that also contribute to photosynthesis.
captured by biological molecules to do constructive work.
生物分子能捕获可见光谱中光子的能量。
The pigment chlorophyll in plant cells absorbs photons within a particular absorption spectrum—a statement of the amount of light absorbed by chlorophyll at different wavelengths.
光合作用以二氧化碳和水为原材料并经历两步化学反应。
第一步，称光反应，水分子裂解 (被氧化)，释放氧气，并形成ATP和 NADPH（还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸）。
此反应必须在存在光能的条件下进行。
2022/9/25
9
Introduction
光合作用只发生在含有叶绿素的绿色植物细胞、藻类、某些原生生 物和细菌之中。
总体来说，这是一个将光能转化成化学能的过程，其能量以分子 键形式贮存。
从化学和能量学角度来看，它是细胞呼吸作用的逆反应。
但是细胞呼吸作用是高度放能，释放能量的过程，而光合作用需 要能量, 并且是高度吸能的过程。
在光合作用的光反应中，当捕光分子回到基态时，额外的激发能 被转移到其它分子中并且以化学能的形式贮存。
•All photosynthetic organisms contain various classes of
chlorophylls and one or more carotenoid pigments that also contribute to photosynthesis.
captured by biological molecules to do constructive work.
生物分子能捕获可见光谱中光子的能量。
The pigment chlorophyll in plant cells absorbs photons within a particular absorption spectrum—a statement of the amount of light absorbed by chlorophyll at different wavelengths.
生物科学 专业英语第一课
Actin 肌动蛋白 A globular contractile protein. In muscle
cells, actin interacts with another protein, myosein, to bring about contraction. Dynein 动力蛋白 A group of at least four distinct proteins found in the flagella and microtubules of eukaryotic cells and possessing ATPase activity. Myosin 肌球蛋白 A protein that, with actin, constitutes the principal element of the contractile apparatus of muscle.
Endoplasmic reticulum 内质网
Folded membranes and tubes throughout the eukaryotic cell that provide a large surface upon which chemical activities take place.
细胞的遗传亚结构
细胞核和染色体
Chromosome 染色体
A DNA-histone thread residing in the nucleus of a cell. Each chromosome possesses two telomeres and a centromere, and some contain a nucleous organizer. RNA proteins are invariably associated with the chromosome.
生物专业英语上传PPT精选文档
4
Professional Words and Phrases
(Continued)
classification [klæsifi'keiʃən] n. 分类，类别
biochemistry ['baiəu'kemistri] n. 生物化学
molecular biology 分子生物学
molecular level 分子水平
Chapter 1 Biology
1.1 What is Biology? 1.2 The Origin of Life 1.3 The Significance of Biology in Your Life 1.4 The History of Biology– Additional Reading
microorganism [maikrəu'ɔ:gənizəm] n. 微生物
well-being ['wel'bi:iŋ] n. 健康，福利
agriculture ['ægrikʌltʃə] n. 农业
livestock ['laivstɔk] n. 家畜，牲畜
ecology [i:‘kɔlədʒi] n. 生态学
1
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
1.1 What is Biology?
Biology is the study of life. Alongside physics and chemistry, biology is one of the largest and most important branches of science. At the highest level, biology is broken down based on the type of organism being studied: zoology, the study of animals; botany, of plants; and microbiology, of microorganisms. Each field has contributed to mankind or the Earth’s wellbeing in numerous ways. Most prominently: botany, to agriculture; zoology, to livestock and protection of ecologies; and microbiology, to the study of disease and ecosystems in general.
Professional Words and Phrases
(Continued)
classification [klæsifi'keiʃən] n. 分类，类别
biochemistry ['baiəu'kemistri] n. 生物化学
molecular biology 分子生物学
molecular level 分子水平
Chapter 1 Biology
1.1 What is Biology? 1.2 The Origin of Life 1.3 The Significance of Biology in Your Life 1.4 The History of Biology– Additional Reading
microorganism [maikrəu'ɔ:gənizəm] n. 微生物
well-being ['wel'bi:iŋ] n. 健康，福利
agriculture ['ægrikʌltʃə] n. 农业
livestock ['laivstɔk] n. 家畜，牲畜
ecology [i:‘kɔlədʒi] n. 生态学
1
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
1.1 What is Biology?
Biology is the study of life. Alongside physics and chemistry, biology is one of the largest and most important branches of science. At the highest level, biology is broken down based on the type of organism being studied: zoology, the study of animals; botany, of plants; and microbiology, of microorganisms. Each field has contributed to mankind or the Earth’s wellbeing in numerous ways. Most prominently: botany, to agriculture; zoology, to livestock and protection of ecologies; and microbiology, to the study of disease and ecosystems in general.
生物专业英语PPT
The genomic formula of the alien chromosomes in TE253 was 2 St + 8 J S + 2 J + 2 J-St.
The problem which haven't solved
We are presently developing chromosome addition and substitution(替换) lines to identify(确认) the chromosome location of the powdery mildew and stripe rust resistance(抗性) genes.
The problem need to be solve
In this study, we determined the genomic composition of a partial amphiploid TE253 by GISH probed with St genomic DNA from Ps. strigosa and evaluated its resistance to both powdery mildew and stripe rust as well. 我们通过基因组原位杂交探测从Ps. Strigosa到St基 因组确定了局部TE253基因的组成，并且还评估了 对白粉病和条锈病的抗性。
The method of the study
Cytogenetic Analyses(细胞遗传学分析）
其基本原理是用不同荧光物质分别标记病变细胞DNA 和正常细胞然后与正常中期细胞染色体杂交。 荧光原位杂交技术 用荧光物质标记特异性DNA探针，与中期细胞染色体 或间期细胞核杂交，鉴别和确定出生缺陷、肿瘤细胞 染色体异常，分辨率可达50~500kb。
《生物专业英语》PPT课件
gene [dʒi:n] 基因
A unit of heredity located on a chromosome and composed a sequence of DNA nucleotides.
heredity [hə‘redɪti:] 遗传 nucleotide ['nu:kli:ə,taɪd] 核苷酸
dihybrid cross [dai‘haibrid]双因子杂种杂交
A cross between individuals that differ with respect to two specified gene pairs.
differ with 与...不一致 specified 指定的 respect 关系
particular 特殊的, 特别的 allelic 等位基因的
homozygous [,hɔmə'zaiɡəus] 纯合的
A diploid organism that has two identical alleles for particular characteristic.
identical 同一的, 同样的
incomplete dominance [, inkəm'pli:t 'dɔmənəns] 不完全显性
The condition in which two allelic genes have a different effect when
they are together as a heterozygote in a diploid cell than either of
germ plasm theory 种质学说
A substance thought to be transmitted in the gametes (germ cells) in an unchanged form from generation to generation. The germ plasm was believed to be unaffected by the environment and to give rise to the body cells.
生物专业英语 lesson 1 inside the living cell(课堂PPT)
Lesson One
Inside the Living Cell: Structure and Function of Internal Cell Parts
Contents
Warming–up Words and phrases Text Analysis Simple exercises Additional Information
6. cytoplasm n.胞质
7. centriole
n. 中心粒
An organelle located close to the nucleus in most animal and lower plant cells but absent from prokaryotes and higher plants.
参考翻译
1.细胞质：动力工厂 与生命相关的大部分特性都来自于胞质中。
绝大多数细胞都由这种质膜包被的半流体胞质组 成。在胞质中悬浮着各种细胞器，并由丝状的细 胞骨架所支撑。营养物质、金属离子、可溶性蛋 白以及维持细胞生理需求的其他物质溶于胞质流 体中。
2. The Nucleus: Information Central
The endoplasmic reticulum, a lacy array of membranous sacs, tubules, and vesicles, may be either rough (RER) or smooth (SER). Both types play roles in the synthesis and transport of proteins. The RER, which is studded with polysomes, also seems to be the source of the nuclear envelope after a cell divides. The SER lacks polysomes; it is active in the synthesis of fats and steroids and in the oxidation of toxic substances in the cell. Both types of endoplasmic reticulum serve as compartments within the cell where specific products can be isolated and subsequently shunted to particular areas in or outside the cell.
Inside the Living Cell: Structure and Function of Internal Cell Parts
Contents
Warming–up Words and phrases Text Analysis Simple exercises Additional Information
6. cytoplasm n.胞质
7. centriole
n. 中心粒
An organelle located close to the nucleus in most animal and lower plant cells but absent from prokaryotes and higher plants.
参考翻译
1.细胞质：动力工厂 与生命相关的大部分特性都来自于胞质中。
绝大多数细胞都由这种质膜包被的半流体胞质组 成。在胞质中悬浮着各种细胞器，并由丝状的细 胞骨架所支撑。营养物质、金属离子、可溶性蛋 白以及维持细胞生理需求的其他物质溶于胞质流 体中。
2. The Nucleus: Information Central
The endoplasmic reticulum, a lacy array of membranous sacs, tubules, and vesicles, may be either rough (RER) or smooth (SER). Both types play roles in the synthesis and transport of proteins. The RER, which is studded with polysomes, also seems to be the source of the nuclear envelope after a cell divides. The SER lacks polysomes; it is active in the synthesis of fats and steroids and in the oxidation of toxic substances in the cell. Both types of endoplasmic reticulum serve as compartments within the cell where specific products can be isolated and subsequently shunted to particular areas in or outside the cell.
生物专业英语ppt教材课程
• The course will also provide opportunities for students to practice their English communication skills through group discussions, presentations, and other activities
Active reading
Highlighting important information, asking questions about the text, and summarizing key points as you read This helps to retain information better
Course arrangement
• The course is usually divided into four or five modules, each module focusing on a specific topic in biology
• Each module includes a combination of theory, practice, and assignments to ensure that students can fully understand and apply the knowledge learned
Understanding the context
It is essential to understand the context in which the term is used to correctly translate its meaning
Use of dictionaries
Active reading
Highlighting important information, asking questions about the text, and summarizing key points as you read This helps to retain information better
Course arrangement
• The course is usually divided into four or five modules, each module focusing on a specific topic in biology
• Each module includes a combination of theory, practice, and assignments to ensure that students can fully understand and apply the knowledge learned
Understanding the context
It is essential to understand the context in which the term is used to correctly translate its meaning
Use of dictionaries
生物专业英语ppt讲解材料
Review Articles
These articles synthesize and evaluate research on a particular topic, providing an overview of the current state of knowledge.
Technical Reports
01
introduction
Purpose and background
Purpose
To provide a comprehensive overview of the field of biology, focusing on key concepts, principles, and applications.
Sentence structure and expression
Active Voice
Using active voice, especially in scientific writing, makes sentences more direct and easier to understand.
The study of heredity and the variation of traits within and between species.
Evolutionary Biology
Ecology
Biotechnology
The study of the origin and development of species through natural selection and other mechanisms.
These are written to communicate technical information in a clear and concise manner, often including tables, figures, and appendices.
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ribosomes all translating the same messenger RNA molecule, one after the other.
12
Vacuole 液泡 Storage container within the cytoplasm
of a cell having a surrounding membrane.
8
Golgi complex 高尔基复合体 A stack of flattened, smooth,
memebranous sacs; the site of synthesis and packaging of certain molecules in eukaryotic cells.
9
14
细胞的遗传亚结构
15
细胞核和染色体
16
Chromosome 染色体 A DNA-histone thread residing in
the nucleus of a cell. Each chromosome possesses two telomeres and a centromere, and some contain a nucleous organizer. RNA proteins are invariably associated with the chromosome.
6
Stroma 子座，基质 Region within a chloroplast that
has no chlorophyll. Plastid 质体 An organelle present in all plants
except bacteria, blue-green algae, and fungi; it is enclosed by two membranes (the envelope) and has various functions
13
Lysosome 溶酶体 A specialized organelle that holds a
mixture of hydrolytic enzymes Centriole 中心粒 An organelle located close to the
nucleus in most animal and lower plant cells but absent from prokaryotes and higher plants
4
细胞中的亚器官
5
Chloroplast 叶绿体 A plastid in which photosynthesis is
carried out. Chloroplasts occur in all photosynthetic organisms except photosynthetic bacteria and blue-greepe 核膜，核被膜 A double membrane (two lipid
bilayers and associated proteins) that is the outermost portion of a cell nucleous. Nucleoid 核质体 The DNA-containing area of a prokaryote cell, analogous to eukaryote nucleus but not membrane bounded. Nucleoli 核仁 Nuclear structures composed of completed or partially completed ribosomes and the specific parts of chromosomes that contain the information for their construction. 18
10
Ribosome 核糖体 Small structures composed of two protein
and ribonucleic acid subunits involved in the assembly of proteins from amino acids
11
Polysome 多核糖体 Of protein synthesis, several
Mitochondrion 线粒体 A membranous organelle resembling a
small bag with a larger bag inside that is folded back on itself; serve as the site of aerobic cellular respiration.
7
Endoplasmic reticulum 内质网 Folded membranes and tubes
throughout the eukaryotic cell that provide a large surface upon which chemical activities take place.
生物专业英语
1
Inside the Living Cell
Structure and Function of Internal Cell parts
2
Glossary
3
Cytoplasm 细胞质 The living contents of a cell bounded
externally by the plasmalemma, including an aqueous ground substance (hyaloplasm, 透明质，cell sap, or cell matrix) containing organelles and various inclusions but excluding the nucleus and visible vacuoles.
12
Vacuole 液泡 Storage container within the cytoplasm
of a cell having a surrounding membrane.
8
Golgi complex 高尔基复合体 A stack of flattened, smooth,
memebranous sacs; the site of synthesis and packaging of certain molecules in eukaryotic cells.
9
14
细胞的遗传亚结构
15
细胞核和染色体
16
Chromosome 染色体 A DNA-histone thread residing in
the nucleus of a cell. Each chromosome possesses two telomeres and a centromere, and some contain a nucleous organizer. RNA proteins are invariably associated with the chromosome.
6
Stroma 子座，基质 Region within a chloroplast that
has no chlorophyll. Plastid 质体 An organelle present in all plants
except bacteria, blue-green algae, and fungi; it is enclosed by two membranes (the envelope) and has various functions
13
Lysosome 溶酶体 A specialized organelle that holds a
mixture of hydrolytic enzymes Centriole 中心粒 An organelle located close to the
nucleus in most animal and lower plant cells but absent from prokaryotes and higher plants
4
细胞中的亚器官
5
Chloroplast 叶绿体 A plastid in which photosynthesis is
carried out. Chloroplasts occur in all photosynthetic organisms except photosynthetic bacteria and blue-greepe 核膜，核被膜 A double membrane (two lipid
bilayers and associated proteins) that is the outermost portion of a cell nucleous. Nucleoid 核质体 The DNA-containing area of a prokaryote cell, analogous to eukaryote nucleus but not membrane bounded. Nucleoli 核仁 Nuclear structures composed of completed or partially completed ribosomes and the specific parts of chromosomes that contain the information for their construction. 18
10
Ribosome 核糖体 Small structures composed of two protein
and ribonucleic acid subunits involved in the assembly of proteins from amino acids
11
Polysome 多核糖体 Of protein synthesis, several
Mitochondrion 线粒体 A membranous organelle resembling a
small bag with a larger bag inside that is folded back on itself; serve as the site of aerobic cellular respiration.
7
Endoplasmic reticulum 内质网 Folded membranes and tubes
throughout the eukaryotic cell that provide a large surface upon which chemical activities take place.
生物专业英语
1
Inside the Living Cell
Structure and Function of Internal Cell parts
2
Glossary
3
Cytoplasm 细胞质 The living contents of a cell bounded
externally by the plasmalemma, including an aqueous ground substance (hyaloplasm, 透明质，cell sap, or cell matrix) containing organelles and various inclusions but excluding the nucleus and visible vacuoles.