英汉句法翻译(分句、合句与长句)
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英语中长句及汉译方法
英语中长句及汉译方法在学术翻译论著中，较多见的是17个单词以上的句子，即所谓中长句。
如下面的例子：It is well known that there were individual exceptions to this overallpattern of female subordination. (16w) Outstanding among them were theambitious Egyptian Queen Ceopatra, who charmed both Julius Caesar and MarkAntony and sought to use them to restore real power to the Egyptian throne?Aspasia, who was known throughout Greece as the learned, witty, andbeautiful mistress of Pericles; the masterful Empress Irene who dethroned herson and became the first female ruler of the Byzantine Empire (797—802),although in deference to tradition she was referred to in official documents as"Irene, the faithful emperor"; and also Empress Wu Chao, who dethroned herson to become not only the first and only female ruler of China but also one ofthe most capable and enlightened, (lllw) These illustrious personalities standout prominently in the annals of history by virtue of their remarkable talentsand achievements. (19w) Yet despite their fame, it cannot be said that theircareers improved to any significant degree the daily lives of their less exaltedsisters, just as in our time the careers of Evita Peron, Indira Gandhi, andCorazon Acquino have not appreciably improved the daily lives of the womenof Argentina, India, or the Philippines. (55w) (L.S. Stavrianos, 1999,52)众所周知，在这一男尊女卑的整体格局中也有个别例外情况。
汉译英长句的翻译方法
13
Case 5
背景情况描述部分，一般应隶属于结论部分 帝国主义(imperialist)国家对外侵略扩张，争夺
世界霸权(hegemony)，必然走向战争。 Engaged in invasion and expansion abroad for
the purpose of the world hegemony,the imperialist inevitably will go to war.
Many stories that one lives for love and dies for love still go around among local people.
33
如今，在中外游客眼中，这个古镇被视为爱情 和浪漫旳天堂。（paradise）
Now in the eyes of tourists at home and abroad, this ancient town is regarded as a paradise for love and romance.
其后走过三个人，都有四五十岁光景。手摇白纸 扇，缓步而来。
Behind him came three men, all about forty to fifty years old. Fanning themselves with white paper fans, they walked slowly.
32
历史上，丽江还以“爱之城”而闻名。本地人 中流传着许多有关为爱而生，为爱而死旳故事。
Historically, Lijiang is also known as the “city of love”. Numerous live-or-die-for-love stories are circulating among locals.
Case 5
背景情况描述部分，一般应隶属于结论部分 帝国主义(imperialist)国家对外侵略扩张，争夺
世界霸权(hegemony)，必然走向战争。 Engaged in invasion and expansion abroad for
the purpose of the world hegemony,the imperialist inevitably will go to war.
Many stories that one lives for love and dies for love still go around among local people.
33
如今，在中外游客眼中，这个古镇被视为爱情 和浪漫旳天堂。（paradise）
Now in the eyes of tourists at home and abroad, this ancient town is regarded as a paradise for love and romance.
其后走过三个人，都有四五十岁光景。手摇白纸 扇，缓步而来。
Behind him came three men, all about forty to fifty years old. Fanning themselves with white paper fans, they walked slowly.
32
历史上，丽江还以“爱之城”而闻名。本地人 中流传着许多有关为爱而生，为爱而死旳故事。
Historically, Lijiang is also known as the “city of love”. Numerous live-or-die-for-love stories are circulating among locals.
英汉、汉英长句的翻译方法共84页文档
谢谢
11、越是没有本领的就越加自命不凡。——邓拓 12、越是无能的人，越喜欢挑剔别人的错儿。——爱尔兰 13、知人者智，自知者明。胜人者有力，自胜者强。——老子 14、意志坚强的人能把世界放在手中像泥块一样任意揉捏。——歌德 15、最具挑战性的挑战莫过于提升自我。——迈克尔·F·斯特利
1、不要轻言放弃，否则对不起自己。
2、要冒一次险!整个生命就是一场冒险。走得最远的人，常是愿意 去做，并愿意去冒险的人。“稳妥”之船，从未能从生就像一杯没有加糖的咖啡，喝起来是苦涩的，回味起来却有 久久不会退去的余香。
英汉、汉英长句的翻译方法 4、守业的最好办法就是不断的发展。 5、当爱不能完美，我宁愿选择无悔，不管来生多么美丽，我不愿失 去今生对你的记忆，我不求天长地久的美景，我只要生生世世的轮 回里有你。
英汉翻译 句子翻译二
我希望大会的各项决议将得到各会员国，尤其是 以色列的尊重。
句子翻译（二）——语态变换法
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Those who perform deeds of merit will be rewarded.
立功的人将受到奖励。
Our roof was damaged in last night’s storm.
路易斯公司的一辆拖车把你的汽车拖走了。
句子翻译（二）——语态变换法
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The compass was invented in China four thousand years ago.
中国在四千年前发明了指南针。
Energy is defined as the ability to do work.
如果有人向你提出私人的问题，你尽可不答。
句子翻译（二） ——语态变换法
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3. 译为判断句
The credit system in America was first adopted by Harvard University in 1872.
美国的学分制是1782年在哈佛大学首先实施的。
The science fiction has been translated into Chinese by a friend of mine.
句子翻译（二）——语态变换法 练习答案
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• 1.新学生规定要见习一个学期。 • 2.随着战争的爆发，飞行日益增加。 • 3.大部分问题已经圆满的解决了，只剩下几个次要问题需要
讨论。 • 4.这液体在室温下和盐混合了。 • 5.本来就很明显，这项计划得一笔勾销。 • 6.过了一会，达成了协议。 • 7.匆匆忙忙拟定了一个应急计划。 • 8.已经为那桩事拨了一大笔款项。 • 9.必须有一个袭击敌人所在地的计划。
句子翻译（二）——语态变换法
[<]
Those who perform deeds of merit will be rewarded.
立功的人将受到奖励。
Our roof was damaged in last night’s storm.
路易斯公司的一辆拖车把你的汽车拖走了。
句子翻译（二）——语态变换法
[<]
The compass was invented in China four thousand years ago.
中国在四千年前发明了指南针。
Energy is defined as the ability to do work.
如果有人向你提出私人的问题，你尽可不答。
句子翻译（二） ——语态变换法
[<]
3. 译为判断句
The credit system in America was first adopted by Harvard University in 1872.
美国的学分制是1782年在哈佛大学首先实施的。
The science fiction has been translated into Chinese by a friend of mine.
句子翻译（二）——语态变换法 练习答案
[<]
• 1.新学生规定要见习一个学期。 • 2.随着战争的爆发，飞行日益增加。 • 3.大部分问题已经圆满的解决了，只剩下几个次要问题需要
讨论。 • 4.这液体在室温下和盐混合了。 • 5.本来就很明显，这项计划得一笔勾销。 • 6.过了一会，达成了协议。 • 7.匆匆忙忙拟定了一个应急计划。 • 8.已经为那桩事拨了一大笔款项。 • 9.必须有一个袭击敌人所在地的计划。
英汉句法翻译(分句、合句与长句)
第五章： 英汉句法翻译
3.1 分句译法
• 分句译法又称之“拆句法”。就是把英语中较长的句 子译成汉语中较短的句子。
• 从结构上看：英语的句子好比参天大树，枝叶横生； 而汉语的句子则如万顷碧波，层层推进。
• 在下列两种情况下宜于使用分句法： • （1） 原文句子虽不长，但照直译时所得的译文很别
扭，不拆便读不 顺口或容易发生误解。一般将一些单 词或短语译成独立的句子。 • （2） 原文句子冗长，特别是那些曲折迂回，层见跌 出的一大串文字。一般将从句分译成汉语的单句。
• 4. He shook his head and his eyes were wide, then narrowed in indignation.
• 他摇了摇头，两目睁得圆圆的，接着又眯成一条线，脸 上露出了愤怒的神色。
3.1.2 将词组或短语译成汉语的句子
• 1.I wrote four books in the first three years, a record never touched before.
• 由于受到顽强抵抗，吹嘘能在几个小时内就占领要地的敌人甚 至还没有能占领外围地带，这一事实使我增强了信心。
指代它，与主句的其他 成分连句成文。
got to know the real people of Egypt.
• 英国人在埃及呆了那么多
年，却从来没有真正了解
埃及人，这是异乎寻常的。
4. It’s quite probable that he is gone.（他已经走了，有那一是条很举可世能的公。）
3.3.1 切断法（顺序法）
• 所谓切断法，就是按英语句子的语序把英语长句“化整为零”， 按意群将长句断开译成若干汉语分句。如：
3.1 分句译法
• 分句译法又称之“拆句法”。就是把英语中较长的句 子译成汉语中较短的句子。
• 从结构上看：英语的句子好比参天大树，枝叶横生； 而汉语的句子则如万顷碧波，层层推进。
• 在下列两种情况下宜于使用分句法： • （1） 原文句子虽不长，但照直译时所得的译文很别
扭，不拆便读不 顺口或容易发生误解。一般将一些单 词或短语译成独立的句子。 • （2） 原文句子冗长，特别是那些曲折迂回，层见跌 出的一大串文字。一般将从句分译成汉语的单句。
• 4. He shook his head and his eyes were wide, then narrowed in indignation.
• 他摇了摇头，两目睁得圆圆的，接着又眯成一条线，脸 上露出了愤怒的神色。
3.1.2 将词组或短语译成汉语的句子
• 1.I wrote four books in the first three years, a record never touched before.
• 由于受到顽强抵抗，吹嘘能在几个小时内就占领要地的敌人甚 至还没有能占领外围地带，这一事实使我增强了信心。
指代它，与主句的其他 成分连句成文。
got to know the real people of Egypt.
• 英国人在埃及呆了那么多
年，却从来没有真正了解
埃及人，这是异乎寻常的。
4. It’s quite probable that he is gone.（他已经走了，有那一是条很举可世能的公。）
3.3.1 切断法（顺序法）
• 所谓切断法，就是按英语句子的语序把英语长句“化整为零”， 按意群将长句断开译成若干汉语分句。如：
英语分句法、合句法的翻译
Their power increased with their number. 他们人数增加了，力量也随之增强。
He arrived in Washington at a ripe moment internationally. 他来到华盛顿，就国际形势来说，时机正合适。
前置语短语
把一个分句译成两个分句 She had made several attempts to help them find other rental quarters without success. 她巳试了好几次，要帮他们另找一所出租的房子，结果并未成功。 His failure to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the machinery. 因为他没有遵守安全规则，机器出了故障。
He shook his head and his eyes were wide, then narrowed in indignation.
他摇了摇头，两目睁得圆圆的，接着又眯成一条线，脸上露出了愤怒的神色。
名词
把一个短语译成分句 1、分词短语 She sat with her hands cupping her chin, staring at a corner of the little kitchen. 她坐在那儿，双手托着下巴，凝视着小厨房的一角。 2、名词短语 I wrote four books in the first three years, a record never touched before. 我头三年写了四本书，打破了以往的记录。
01
03
02
把原文中的并列复合句译成一个单句 In 1844 Engels met Max, and they became friends.
英语长句的翻译方法
长句的翻译方法1．顺序翻译法（1）The problem is that the last gerention or so we’re come to assume that women should be able, andshould want, to do everything that by traditionmen have done at the same time as prettywelleverything that by tradition women have done.问题是，在过去二十年时间里，我们已经认定，妇女们应该能够且应该想做男人们想做男人们传统上所做的一切，而同时也能够做得跟妇女们传统上所做的一切同样好。
2. 逆序翻译法（1）It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waster their opportunities,there will have to be much detailed informationabout courses and advice.因此，如果要使学生充分利用（上大学）的机会，就得为他们提供关于课程的更为详尽的信息，作更多的指导。
这个问题显得越来越重要了。
3. 分译法翻译英语句子时，有时我们可以把原文的句子结构整个保存下来或只作稍改变即可，但在不少情况下则必须将原来的句子结构作较大的改变。
把原文的一个简单句译成两个或两个以上的句子，这叫分译法。
使用分译法，可以把原句中的一个词，一个短语或一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。
一、把原文中单词译成句子（一）副词1．They tried vainly to blame us for the breakdown in the truce talk.他们试图把和谈的罪名加在我们头上，但没得逞。
汉译英长句翻译 ppt课件
When we had tea, I could not take my eyes from her small, delicate hands, the graceful way she moved, her bright, black eyes, and expressionless clear face.
• As long as they are living，they always work and study as hard as possible， unwilling to dream their life away，let alone waste even a single moment of their lives．
• --“这种 scene to be witnessed everywhere in England at four or five PM．when people enjoy a cup of tea，with toast or biscuit and with a bit of conversation．
逆序法融合合并法的例子
• 每天下午四五点钟喝上一杯茶，吃一点烤 面包或饼干，相互之间再闲聊几句，这种 情景在英国到处可见。
• There is a scene to be witnessed everywhere in England at four or five PM．when people enjoy a cup of tea， with toast or biscuit and with a bit of conversation．
中国乒乓球大奖赛的最后一天，刘国梁在男 子单打比赛中一举夺魁后，干脆利落地夺 得大奖赛的4项冠军。
分析：主干—刘国梁..夺得冠军…在..后。
• As long as they are living，they always work and study as hard as possible， unwilling to dream their life away，let alone waste even a single moment of their lives．
• --“这种 scene to be witnessed everywhere in England at four or five PM．when people enjoy a cup of tea，with toast or biscuit and with a bit of conversation．
逆序法融合合并法的例子
• 每天下午四五点钟喝上一杯茶，吃一点烤 面包或饼干，相互之间再闲聊几句，这种 情景在英国到处可见。
• There is a scene to be witnessed everywhere in England at four or five PM．when people enjoy a cup of tea， with toast or biscuit and with a bit of conversation．
中国乒乓球大奖赛的最后一天，刘国梁在男 子单打比赛中一举夺魁后，干脆利落地夺 得大奖赛的4项冠军。
分析：主干—刘国梁..夺得冠军…在..后。
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3.1.2 将词组或短语译成汉语的句子
• 1.I wrote four books in the first three years, a record never touched before. • 我头三年写了四本书，打破了以往的记录。 • 2. I’m surprised to learn that he lost the game. • 我惊奇地获悉他在比赛中失利了。 • 我听说他在比赛中失利了，感到十分意外。 • 3. Men are too clever to let themselves be cheated by fashion designers. • 男人们很聪明，他们不会上时装设计师的当。 • 4. Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, a universally accepted law. • 能量既不能被创造也不能被消灭，这是一条普遍公认的规律。 • 5. Their power increased with their number. • 他们人数增加了，力量也随之增强。
3.1.3 将分句译成句子
• 1. On behalf of all of your American guests, I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world. • 我谨代表所有美国客人向你们表示感谢，感谢你们的无可比拟 的盛情款待，中国人民以这种盛情款待而闻名世界。 • 2. He just stood there with his arms folded when he might have given me a hand. • 他本可以帮我一把，却偏偏只是站在那儿袖手旁观。 • 3. Basic education is the key area where according to a study of 30 countries by an outstanding economist the return is 30%. • 基础教育是一个关键领域；据一位著名经济学家对30个国家的 研究，其收益率为30%。 • 4. Three may keep secret if two of them are dead. • 若要三人保密，除非两人死去。
3பைடு நூலகம்2.2 宾语从句
钱的单身汉总 想娶位太太。
• 用that,what,how等引导的宾语从句汉译时一般不需要改变它在原 句中的顺序。 • 1. I told him that because of the last condition, I’d have to turn it down. • 我告诉他，由于那是最后一个条件，我只得谢绝。 • 2. Can you hear what I said? • 你能听得到我所讲的吗？ • 用 it 作假宾语的句子，汉译时 that 引导的宾语从句一般可按原文 顺序；it不译。 • I made it clear to them that they must hand in their papers before 10 o’clock in the morning. • 我向他们讲清楚了的， 他们必须在上午十点前交卷。
第五章： 英汉句法翻译
3.1 分句译法
• 分句译法又称之“拆句法”。就是把英语中较长的句 子译成汉语中较短的句子。 • 从结构上看：英语的句子好比参天大树，枝叶横生； 而汉语的句子则如万顷碧波，层层推进。 • 在下列两种情况下宜于使用分句法： • （1） 原文句子虽不长，但照直译时所得的译文很别 扭，不拆便读不 顺口或容易发生误解。一般将一些单 词或短语译成独立的句子。 • （2） 原文句子冗长，特别是那些曲折迂回，层见跌 出的一大串文字。一般将从句分译成汉语的单句。
3.3.2 拆译法（分句法）
• 就是将英语句子中有些成分从句中拆出来另行处理，或置于句 尾，以利用句子的总体安排。如： • The president said at a press conference dominated by questions on yesterday’s election results that he could not explain why the Republicans had suffered such a widespread defeat, which in the end would deprive the Republican Party of long-held superiority in the House. • 在一次记者招待会上， 问题集中于昨天的选举结果，总统就此 发了言。他说他不能够解释为什么共和党遭到了这样大的失败。 这种情况最终会使共和党失去在众院中长期享有的优势。
3.3.3 倒译法（逆序法）
• 是指在翻译英语长句时将其断成若干短的句子，然后按汉语习 惯表达法进行重新安排，结果译句中各分句的顺序与原句中的 相反。 • 汉语复句中往往是次要部分前置，主要部分后置，而英语复句 中刚好与之相反。
And I take heart from the fact that the enemy, which boasts that it can occupy the strategic point in a couple of hours, has not yet been able to take even the outlying regions, because of the stiff resistance that gets in the way.
3.3 长句的译法
•英语本身的特点，修饰语多，联合成分多，结构复杂，导致英 语中经常出现长句子。
3.3.1 切断法（顺序法）
• 所谓切断法，就是按英语句子的语序把英语长句“化整为零”， 按意群将长句断开译成若干汉语分句。如： • If you reach Chicago by train and spend only an hour or two there you will feel the light wind off the lake which gives it the name “ Windy city”. • 如果你乘坐火车抵达芝加哥，即使只在那里逗留一两个小时， 你也会感觉到从湖边吹拂过来的阵阵清风，这就是芝加哥之所 以叫做“风城”的缘故。 • 在遇到长句时，应首先考虑能否把此句化整为零，在采用切断 法时，要注意的一个问题是适当运用汉语的关联词。
4. It’s quite probable that he is gone.（他已经走了，那是很可能的。） 有一条举世公 他很可能已经走了。 认的真理，那 5. It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession 就是：凡是有 of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.<<Pride and Prejudice>>
3.1.1 将单词分译成汉语的句子
• • • • • • • • • 1. She was pardonably proud of her wonderful cooking. 她可以谅解地为自己高超的烹调技艺感到自豪。 她自夸她高超的烹调技艺，这是有情可原的。 2. The ancients tried unsuccessfully to explain how a rainbow is formed. 古人曾试图说明虹是怎样产生的，但没有成功。 3. Chairman Mao might have spoken with understandable pride of his policy of “self-reliance.” 毛主席在谈到他的“自力更生”的政策时,也许有些自豪 感,这是可以理解的。 4. He shook his head and his eyes were wide, then narrowed in indignation. 他摇了摇头，两目睁得圆圆的，接着又眯成一条线，脸 上露出了愤怒的神色。
有时译文中也可将that引起的宾语从句提前。如： I regard it as an honor that I am chosen to attend the meeting. 我被选参加会议，感到光荣。
3.2.3 同位语从句 • • • • • • • • • • • （一）同位语从句不提前， 如： 1. He expressed the hope that he would come over to visit China again. 他表示希望再到中国来访问。 （二） 同位语从句提前， 如： 2. But I knew I couldn’t trust him. There was always the possibility that he was a political swindler. 但我知道不能轻信他。他是个政治骗子这种可能性总是存在的。 3. Yet, from the beginning, the fact that I was alive was ignored. 然而，从一开始，我仍然活着这个事实却偏偏被忽视了。 （三）增加“即”或用冒号、破折号分开，如： 3. But considered realistically, we had to face the fact that our prospects were less than good. 但是现实地考虑一下，我们不得不正视这样的事实：我们的前景并不 妙。
One cannot read a book without learning something.
开卷有益
Exercises:
• 1. It was natural that now the conversation turned to the tragic events that had taken place there a month before. • 2. It is clear that she has some great sorrow. • 3. A principle of science tells what usually happens under certain conditions. • 4. I took it for granted that he would sign the document. • 5. He is surprised to read the news in the newspaper that his father should be still alive.