陈述句部分

陈述句
一、考试大观
【目标与要求】
1、掌握和运用否定陈述句的几种变化
2、掌握和运用陈述句五种基本句型。

【复习提要】
一件事情或表明说话人的看法或态度，这类句子称为陈述句。

陈述句句尾用句号（用点表示），读时通常用降调。

陈述句有肯定和否定两种陈述方式。

（1）肯定陈述句: 肯定陈述句以肯定的表达形式叙述一件事情或表明说话人的看法、观点。

如：The Greens often travel by train. They think it is more enjoyable.
（2）否定陈述句：
A．肯定陈述句变否定陈述句的规则通常是在助动词后加not; 助动词有：be 动词；
情态动词(will, shall, can, may, must, had better, would rather )；do,does（谓语动词为实意
动词一般现在时态变为否定句有两种情况，①主语复数用助动词don’t ②主语为单数第三人称名词或代词时，用
doesn’t）; did(谓语动词为实意动词过去时态变否定请did) ；has, have(在现在完成时态中，has/have 为助动
词；在象have/has a meeting等短语中has,have 为实意动词，变否定需用助动词don’t 或doesn’t ) 和had(在过去完成时态中).
例如：Scientists haven’t found the best ways to stop land becoming sand.
My granny doesn’t often take exercise in the morning.
B．肯定陈述句变否定陈述句，除了助动词后加not 外，有时还要注意其它词类的变化，如：肯定句中有some , something的话，变成否定句时some应改为any；
something 应改为anything.
（3）肯定句变否定句也可以通过带否定意义的不定代词（neither, none, no one, nobody, nothing 等）或形容词（no, few, little）副词(never, hardly)等来实现。

例如: Hurry up! There is little time left.
None of my students were late for school this morning.
I will never forget the cheerful days in that country school.
简单句的五种基本句型
（1）主语+系动词+表语（S+ link v + P）
英语中常见的系动词有：be 动词, look, smell, taste, sound, feel, get, become, turn,
seem等
（2）主语+不及物动词（S+vi）
（3）主语+及物动词+宾语（S+vt+O）
（4）主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语（S+vt +IO+DO）
下列动词可跟双宾语：give, tell, send, pass, teach, lend, sell, pay 等。

如果间接宾语
放在直接宾语后，间接宾语前用介词to.
例如：Can you pass me that cup ? Vs Can you pass that cup to me?
下列动词可跟双宾语：buy, build, sing, get, draw等。

如果间接宾语放在直接宾语
后，间接宾语前用介词for.
He will buy himself a pair of shoes. Vs He will buy a pair of shoes for himself.
（5）主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语（S+vt+O+CO）
宾语和宾补是逻辑上的主谓关系，这是区别于双宾语的一个标志。

适用于这一句型的动词按照宾语补足语词性的不同分为以下几类：
第一类：宾补用to do 不省略to ：ask, tell, teach, show, want, would like, wish, order,get, encourage等
第二类：宾补用动词原形，省略to: let, have, make, hear, listen to, see, watch, look at, feel, find
第三类：宾补用现在分词doing, 表示正在做：have, make, hear, listen to, see, watch, look at, feel, find, get 等
第四类：宾补用过去分词done, 表示和宾语构成逻辑上的被动关系：have, make, get, hear, see, watch, find 等
第五类：宾语用形容词：make, find, think,
(6 ) there be 句型
二、例题解析
1．We’d better _____on the road. A car may hit us.(吉林考题)
a. not to play
b. not play
c.to not play
d.don’t play
we’d better 是we had better 的缩写形式。

Had better 为助动词，否定句在其后加not 再加动词原形后构成谓语部分。

因此答案是b.
2．There _______ a parents meeting tomorrow afternoon.
a. are
b.will have
c. is going to be (武汉考题)
很明显，此题考查“there be”句型。

由于时间是“tomorrow afternoon”，谓语动词应用将来时态。

即在there和be之间加上表示将来的词will 或be going to ….因此答案C。

三、标准习题
基础题
一、将下列句子变为否定句
1.The child has learned some Chinese poems by heart since last month.
2.This kind of tree must be watered many times a day.
3.Lucy often reads English for at least twenty minutes early in the morning.
4.They put up some pictures on the wall a week ago.
5.They thought their uncle would come to visit them on spring festival.
重高题
二、完成句子
1.医生说他得了重感冒，必须卧床休息两天。

The doctor said that he ___________and _____________for two days.
2．这位老师观点是，对于初学者来说，听学些英语歌曲是有益的
The teacher __________ ________ ________ ________ the beginners ______ ________ _____and learn some English songs.
3.他把一封信递给我，一句话也没说就离开了。

_____ _____ _____ ____ ____me and _______ ______ a word.
4.今晚在食堂召开家长会
________ _______ ______ ______ _____ a parents’ meeting in the dining hall
this evening.
5. 李雷整晚都在看足球赛，因此他什么作业都没做
Li Lei ______ ______ _______ ______ because he was watching the football
match the whole night.
Keys:
基础题
1.The child hasn’t learned any Chinese poems by heart since last month.
2.This kind of tree mustn’t be watered many times a day.
3.Lucy doesn’t often read English for at least twenty minutes early in the
morning.
4.They didn’t put up any pictures on the wall a week ago.
5.They didn’t think their uncle would come to visit them on spring festival.
重高题：
1.had had a bad cold; must stay in bed
2.thinks it helpful for ; to listen to
3.He passes a letter to ; left without
4.There is going to be
5.didn’t do any homework。