2017年南京航空航天大学836研究生入学考试真题

南京航空航天大学

2017年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题（A卷）科目代码:836

满分:150 分

科目名称:管理学原理

注意:①认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；②所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；③本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！

一、名词解释（每题5分，共计20分）

1．法约尔14项管理原则之“秩序”

2．正强化

3．组织变革的“卢因模式”

4．工作分析

二、简答题（每题15分，共计30分）

1．简述正式的组织沟通中的常见障碍有哪些？如何消除这些障碍？

2．简述预算控制的基本原理。

三、论述题（每题20分，共计40分）

1．试比较“经济人”假设和“社会人”假设的差异，并说明其对管理研究与实践的影响。

2．请阐述组织的计划管理过程包含哪些阶段，各阶段的主要工作是什么？

四、计算题（每题20分，共计40分）

1．一对夫妇经营某小型民宿旅店，每晚可接待10位客人。他们估计每一位客人一晚住宿及其第二天早餐的成本为20元，旅店的固定费用每年总计为4.2万元。他们计划将房价（含次日早餐）定为每晚50元。求：1）旅店的盈亏平衡点；2）获得6万元目标利润所需要的年住宿旅客人数；3）如果所得税率为15%，则该旅店全年能够获得的最大净利润是多少？

2．某公司开发了一种新产品，现考虑新建工厂以生产该产品，有以下几

个选择：1）什么也不做；2）建一个小厂；3）建一个中型厂；4）建一个大厂。当前研究表明，未来市场好的概率为0.4，市场不好的概率为0.6。如果市场好，建小厂将获利40万元，建中型厂将获利60万元，建大厂将获利100万元；如果市场不好，建小厂将损失5万元，建中型厂将损失10万元，建大厂将损失90万元。试用决策树进行决策。

五、案例分析题（20分）

分析案例并回答以下问题：

1. 柏林勃兰登堡国际机场建设项目的主要问题是什么?（5分）

2. 造成这一困难局面的主要原因是什么？（5分）

3. 应建立怎样的计划管理系统才能避免“计划”变成“鬼话”？（10分）

柏林勃兰登堡国际机场建设项目

德国柏林勃兰登堡国际机场于2006年9月破土动工，最初计划于2012年5月全面启用。2012年5月，柏林新机场临时宣布将启用日期推迟到6月，后又宣布推迟到当年10月。有趣的是由于电脑控制系统过于复杂，工作人员在第一次试用设备打开灯后却不知道如何把灯关上，于是几千盏灯就一直亮着。

2013年1月，新机场的落成典礼再次被推迟，原因是新机场有超过两万处不符合规定的地方：如线路管道铺设不达标；登机办理台数量过少；行李传送带数量不够；制冷设备功率太低；机坪跑道若两架飞机并排起飞，可能出现空中冲撞等危险事故；噪音污染治理要重新设计等等。

一转眼到了2015年。工程师又发现了一个更大的问题，机场的屋顶太重，三年前在屋顶上安装的烟道气引风机超过了屋顶承重的安全限度。而为解决机场快轨的轨道防锈问题，柏林市不得不每天启动一列空载列车运行一个来回。

工期的一再延迟使得工程费用不断追加。起初25亿欧元的预算目前已增加到50亿欧元。有媒体估算，最终机场建成要耗资80亿欧元。

新机场“难产”也让不少合作单位遭受损失。一些航空公司早已按最初启

用日期提前售票；为机场提供服务的餐饮、交通、清洁等公司也处于“待业状态”……。一些机构和企业已提出赔偿要求。甚至连给机场项目拨款3000万欧元赞助的欧盟委员会也在考虑要求德方如数偿还。

德国联邦议院交通事务委员会负责人马丁·布尔克特表示，新机场恐怕最快要在2017年才能完工。

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2019年最新版安全员考试试题C证试题真题及答案

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2017年6月英语六级阅读真题及答案第1套选词填空 After becoming president of Purdue University in2013, Mitch Daniels asked the faculty to prove that their students have actually achieved one of higher education’s most important goals: critical thinking skills. Two years before, a nationwide study of college graduates had shown that more than a third had made no 26 gains in such mental abilities during their school years. Mr. Daniels needed to__27__ the high cost of attending Purdue to its students and their families. After all, the percentage of Americans who say a college degree is "very important" has fallen 28 in the last 5-6 years. Purdue now has a pilot test to assess students' critical thinking skills. Yet like many college " such as a graduate's ability to investigate and reason. However, the professors need not worry so much. The results of a recent experiment showed that professors can use __31__ metrics to measure how well students do in three key areas: critical thinking, written communication, and quantitative literacy. Despite the success of the experiment, the actual results are worrisome, and mostly __32__ earlier studies. The organizers of the experiment concluded that far fewer students were achieving high levels on critical thinking than they were doing for written communication or quantitative literacy. And that conclusion is based only on students nearing graduation. American universities, despite their global 33__ for excellence in teaching, have only begun to demonstrate what they can produce in real-world learning. Knowledge-based degrees are still important, but employers are still important, but employers are __34__ advanced thinking skills from college graduates. If the intellectual worth of a college degree can be __35__ measured, more people will seek higher education—and come out better thinkers. A. accurately B. confirm C. demanding D. doubtful E. drastically F. justify G. monopolized H. outcome I. predominance J. presuming K. reputation L. significant M. signify N. simultaneously O. standardized 答案：(26)L. significant (27)F. justify (28)E. drastically (29)D. doubtful (30)H. outcome (31)O. standardized (32)B. confirm (33)K. reputation (34)C. demanding (35)A. accurately 2017年6月英语六级阅读真题及答案第1套仔细阅读2篇 Open data sharers are still in the minority in many fields. Although many researchers broadly agree that public access to raw data would accelerate science, most are reluctant to post the results of their own labors online. Some communities have agreed to share online—geneticists, for example, post DNA sequence sat the GenBank repository (库) , and astronomers are accustomed to accessing images of galaxies and stars from, say, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, a telescope that has observed some500 million objects—but these remain the excepti on, not the rule. Historically, scientists have objected to sharing for many reasons: it is a lot of work; until recently, good databases did not

2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题真题与翻译

2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding ―yes!‖ 1 helping you feel close and 2to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4getting sick this winter. In a recent study5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs6 the participants’ susceptibility to developing the common cold after being 7 to the virus .People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8with a cold,and the researchers9that the stress-reducing effects of hugging10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe12. ―Hugging protects people who are under stress from the13 risk for colds that’s usually14 with stress,‖ notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging ―is a marker of intimacy and helps15 the feeling that others are there to help16difficulty.‖ Some experts 17the stress-reducing , health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called ―the bonding hormone‖18 it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mother and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology.

福建省2017年安全员B证考核模拟试题

福建省2017年安全员B证考核模拟试题一、单项选择题（共 25 题，每题 2 分，每题的备选项中，只有 1 个事最符合题意） 1、下列选项中，直接引起坠落的客观危险元素有__。 A．阵风风力五级(风速8.0m/s)以上 B．平均气温等于或低于10℃的作业环境 C．接触冷水温度等于或低于15℃的作业 D．可能会引起各种灾害事故的作业环境 E．存在有毒气体或空气中含氧量低于0.195的作业环境 2、试验表明，当砂浆饱满度由80%降低为65%时，砌体强度降低__左右。 A．15% B．20% C．25% D．30% 3、配电箱、开关箱内，电器至板边的最小净距为__。 A．25mm B．30mm C．35mm D．40mm 4、边坡值(高:宽)为1:1.00～1:1.50的土为__。 A．一般性黏土 B．砂土 C．充填砂土 D．充填坚硬、硬塑黏性土 5、《重大危险源辨识标准》(GB 18218—2000)规定，属于重大危险源的锅炉有__。 A．压力＞2.5MPa、蒸发量≥10t/h的蒸汽锅炉 B．压力＞1.5MPa、蒸发量≥5t/h的蒸汽锅炉 C．出水温度≥400℃、功率≥14MW的热水锅炉 D．出水温度≥200℃、功率≥10MW的热水锅炉 E．出水温度≥300℃、功率≥12Mw的热水锅炉 6、拉铲挖土机的挖土特点是__。 A．后退向上，自重切土 B．后退向下，自重切土 C．前进向上，强制切土 D．前进向下，强制切土 7、在“三宝”、“四口”防护检查评分表中，安全带的应得分数为__。 A．10分 B．12分 C．20分

D．25分 8、坡度大于1:2.2的屋面的防护栏杆高应设置为__。 A．1m B．1.2m C．1.3m D．1.5m 9、用水准测量法进行测量时，一个测区及其周围至少应有__水准点。 A．3个 B．4个 C．5个 D．7个 10、塔式起重机最基本的工作机构包括__。 A．起升机构、变幅机构、回转机构和行走机构 B．起升机构、限位机构、回转机构和行走机构 C．起升机构、变幅机构、回转机构和自升机构 D．起升机构、变幅机构、回转机构和自升机构 11、爆破的最小安全距离应根据工程情况确定，一般炮孔爆破不小于__，深孔爆破不小于__。 A．200m，300m B．100m，200m C．100m，240m D．150m，280m 12、进行攀登作业时，梯脚底部应坚实，不得垫高使用。梯子的上端应有固定措施。立梯不得有缺档。立梯工作角度以__为宜，踏板上下间距以__为宜。 A．45°±5°，20cm B．60°±5°，30cm C．75°±5°，30cm D．55°±5°，20cm 13、室内非埋地明敷主干线距地面高度不得小于__。 A．1.5m B．2.0m C．2.5m D．3.0m 14、固定式压力容器根据压力级别，可分为__。 A．低压容器、中压容器、高压容器、超高压容器 B．低压容器、中压容器、高压容器 C．低压容器、中压容器、超高压容器 D．中压容器、高压容器、超高压容器 15、在土方工程中，主要使用的装载机为__。 A．链式装载机 B．单斗铰接式轮胎装载机 C．轮斗式装载机 D．耙式装载机 16、电梯井口必须设防护栏杆或固定栅门；电梯井内应每隔两层并最多隔__

2017年-6-月英语六级真题及答案

2017年6月英语六级真题及答案（三套全） 2017年6月英语六级真题作文一：国内国外上大学 Directions:?Suppose you are asked to give advice on whether to attend college at home or abroad, write an essay to state your opinion. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. 参考答案 Nowadays, there has been a heated discussion as to a better choice between attending college at home and abroad. Views on the topic vary greatly among people from different walks of life. Some believe that it is a better choice to study in domestic colleges, but others consider it better to study abroad. I totally agree with the latter idea for the reasons presented below. To begin with, it harms the society in that the greater the competition is, the higher the recruitment requirements will become. Therefore, with experiences of studying abroad, graduates will become more competitive in job hunting. Furthermore, it is beneficial to the students themselves to study abroad. Without the choice to pursue overseas study, many great scholars today would never have achieved such great success. From my perspective, it is crucial that the government should encourage people to pursue overseas study. Also it is crucial that people should understand the meaning and value of attending college abroad. Only in this way can we achieve greater success. 作文二：文科还是理科 Directions:?Suppose you are asked to give advice on whether to major in humanities or science, write an essay to state your opinion. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. 参考范文： Living in a world which is full of changes and challenges,we are confronted with new problems every single day. Of all the issues, one might concern the high school graduates the most, and it is if there are two options: to major in science or humanities. As for me, I prefer the latter. Why,you may wonder, should I prefer to major in humanities. The reasons responsible for it can be listed as follows . Among the most important reasons cited by people is that to major in humanities，directly or indirectly，can not only enrich our basic knowledge about the diversified culture but also sharpen one’s insight in daily routine，which is of great importance in one’s growth. What’s more, to study humanities can give us an independent personali ty and a deeper vision towards the world, if it were not for those two attributes, how could we achieve great goals in this dog-eat-dog world.