unit5

II. Language Points
• 1. Sadly, far too few schools make seience appealing.
• appeal: (i) n. A. an earnest or urgent request, entreaty, or supplication. 呼吁，恳求： • e.g. He was appealing for funds to build a new school.
他在恳求拨款修建一所新学校。
• B. A resort or application to a higher authority, as for sanction, corroboration, or a decision:诉诸，求助于： • e.g. Their appeal for help went unheeded.
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• 斯金纳的生平及著作 • B·F·斯金纳(Burrhus Frederic Skinner，1904~1990)1904年3月20 日出生在美国宾夕法尼亚州的萨斯奎汉纳镇上。像许多心理学先驱者 一样，斯金纳在1922年进汉密尔顿学院读书时，并未打算成为一名心 理学家，而是专修英文，打算成为一名作家。在毕业后的两年内，从 事于写作，结果感到没有什么可写的，于是攻读生物学。在这个过程 中，他读了华生和巴甫洛夫的著作，从而开始对人类和动物的行为感 兴趣，就进了哈佛大学攻读心理学。1930年获心理学硕士学位， 1931年获哲学博士学位。接着留校从事研究工作。1936年至1944年 在明尼苏达大学任讲师和副教授，1945年任印第安纳大学心理系教授 和系主任，1948年返回哈佛大学任心理学教授，直到1974年退休。 在这期间，他于1958年获美国心理学会授予的杰出科学奖；1968年 获美国政府颁发的最高科学奖——国家科学奖；1971年获美国心理学 会基金会颁发的金质奖章。
• 8. Rather than telling children what to think, give them time to think for themselves. • Rather than … for themselves.: “rather than” here means “instead of..”
• B.F. Skinner's quote: "Education is what survives when what has been learned has been forgotten." B .F. Skinner:斯金纳 斯金纳(1904斯金纳 1990) 美国行为主义心理学家， 新行为主义的代表人物，操 作性条件反射理论的奠基者。 他创制了研究动物学习活动 的仪器―― 斯金纳箱。1950 年当选为国家科学院院士， 1958年获美国心理学会颁发 的杰出科学贡献奖，1968年 获美国总统颁发的最高科学 荣誉――国家科学奖。
3. The children asked me textbook questions — about schooling,aslary, whethek questions: refers to questions that are nomal and not particular or special. •
• 5. That reinforces the misconceotion that ceience is merely a set of facts stored in the besds of adults.
• misconception: an incorrect conception n. 误解, 错误 想法 e.g. My misconception of her purpose cast a damp over her spirits. 我误解她的意图，使她大为扫兴。 My misconception of her purpose cast a damp over her spirits. 我误解她的意图，使她大为扫兴。
• 2. The irony is that children start out as nautral scientists, instinctively eager to investigate the world around them.
• children start out as nautral scientists: children are born natural scientists. • Irony: sarcasm, satire, caustic remark n.讽刺，反讽 • e.g. That's really lovely, that is!' he said with heavy irony. ｀那真是可爱极了，真的!＇他故意说反话。 • instinctively :as a matter of instinct adv. 出于本能的 • e.g. Instinctively, she dropped to her belly to crawl. 她本能地趴在地上匍匐前进。 • be eager to do or have something: want to do or have it very much. .= keen – Robert was eager to talk about life in the Army...
他的律师决定向高一级法院上诉。
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D. The power of attracting or of arousing interest:吸引力，感 染力： e.g. The new fashion soon lost its appeal. 那种新式样不久就失去了吸引力。 (ii) v. A. ask for aid or protection 呼吁 e.g. I appeal to your sense of justice. 我呼吁你们拿出正义感 B. take a court case to a higher court for review,上诉 e.g. She appealed to the high court against her sentence. 她不服判决而向高等法院上诉。 • Useful expression: • appeal to 对 ... 产生吸引力, • appeal for 要求
• 6. Science is not just facts but the meaning that people give to them — by weaving information.
• Science is not just facts but the meaning that people give to them: notice the structure “… not … but …” “不是……而是……”
• 7. Grown-ups are notorious for expecting quicker answers.
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notorious: known widely and usually unfavorably; ill-famed; infamousadj. 臭名昭著的 e.g. He is notorious for his goings-on. – 他因行为不检点而声名狼藉。 • Useful expression: • notorious reputation 声名狼藉 • notorious for 在, 以 ... 出名
他们求助的呼吁未受到注意。
• C. law :The transfer of a case from a lower to a higher court for a new hearing. 上诉： • e.g. His lawyer decided to take an appeal to a higher court.
• 9. Once you have achild engaged in a science discussion, don’t jump in with “That right” or “Very good”.
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jump in: it here means “interrupt”插话, (踊跃或热切地)加入 e.g.Please don't chop in as much as you're doing. 请别老是这样没完没了地插话。 Useful expression: jump in the lake 走开, 滚开, 别打扰 ...jump in with both... 全心全意地从事
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4. This began a barrage of questions that lasted nealy two hours.
a barrage of questions: a large number of questions • barrage: the rapid and continuous delivery of linguistic communication (spoken or written) • e.g. A barrage of criticism. 接二连三的一大堆批评
Unit 5
Part A Text (Teach Your Child to Wonder) Part B Grammar(分词) Part C Supplementary Reading (Benchmarking Practices at Xerox)
I. Background Information
• 11. Never exhort a child to “Think”!
• exhort: spur on or encourage especially by cheers and shouts; cheer; inspire, urge, barrack; v. 劝诫, 忠告 • e.g. The chairman exhorted the party workers to take action. 主席敦促党的工作人员采取行动。 • He often exhorts Mary to work harder. 他经常勉励玛丽要更加努力工作。