2022-2023学年辽宁省鞍山市普通高中高二下学期第三次月考英语(A卷)试题

2022-2023学年辽宁省鞍山市普通高中高二下学期第三次月考英语（A卷）试题1. Give a little sunshine!The Council on Aging(COA)runs a telephone friendship project called the Sunshine Call Program, matching over-60s with a friendly volunteer for a daily chat over the phone. The aim is simple -- to help ease the loneliness and repair social networks.Sheila, 77, a retired teacher, lived alone. She has been receiving calls from Rianne, a volunteer, for over two months.“Talking to Rianne is something I really look forward to -- a breath of fresh air. We talk about everything -- theatre, her work, books we’ve read. . . Listening to someone else’s life enriches you and gives you something positive to focus on.”“At the beginning, I had no expectation of how the phone calls would go, but it’s wonderful that it’s led to a genuine friendship. Rianne helps me a lot...”Are you ready to add a little sunshine to a senior’s life?The Sunshine Call Program initially links a volunteer with an isolated(独居的)senior for a daily call. When comfortable, the volunteer introduces a second senior to the call. Then another, until there are four seniors to one volunteer on what is essentially a conference call. Without having to leave the house, you will help the seniors meet and make new friends. They will then exchange phone numbers to chat on their own and reduce their isolation.What are the volunteer qualifications?Volunteers must have access to the Internet and be willing to be trained on the use of a chat app. COA will provide all supplies required to make the calls. Besides, volunteers must agree to participate in monthly meetings with other volunteers and guest speakers. All volunteers must be willing to provide a recent Criminal Record Cheek, the cost of which will be borne by COA. And the most important volunteer qualification is a sense of caring and a desire to help seniors in the community!If you wish to volunteer with our Sunshine Call program, never hesitate! Just CLICK HERE to fill out the application form.1. Why does the passage mention Sheila’s experience?A．To show her loneliness. B．To share a sweet memory.C．To stress the value of the program. D．To praise Rianne’s kindness.2. One of the responsibilities is______.A．making weekly calls to seniors B．visiting seniors during holidaysC．introducing new friends to seniors D．teaching seniors to use smart phones3. 1f you want to be a volunteer, what are you required to do?A．Learn the use of a chat app. B．Prepare a computer by yourself.C．Offer a letter of recommendation. D．Have relevant working experience.2. In 2018, a severe drought brought Cape Town close to “Day Zero”, when it could have become the world’s first major city to run out of water. Dam levels in South Africa’s Western Cape fell to below a fifth of capacity and the province suffered its worst water crisis in 100 years.“The water supply was dwindling and it just wasn’t raining,” recalls Thinus Booysen, a professor at Stellenbosch University, who had created a device in 2015 designed to help homeowners cut their power usage. Seeking to reduce water waste, Booysen figured he could adapt the device to measure water usage instead of electricity use.Soon, Booysen launched a start-up, Bridging the Internet of Things (BridgloT), to develop his idea. Called Count Dropula, the device reports water usage once a minute while many conventional devices only record data once an hour. The system uses an app in the user’s cellphone and sends short messages in real time. “Within minutes, we would be able to tell the user, ‘Something has burst, or something is leaking,’” he says.Then Booysen discovered that a key issue was maintenance (维修), with the poorest schools using by far the most water. Leaking toilets could waste 1,000 liters of water per day. “We found that the biggest problems are things like children not closing taps properly, but often that would be because the taps just don’t close,” Booysen explains. During the test, the invention saved one school more than three million liters of water in three months. Another reduced its water usage 55 percent in four months.Busin esses including Cape Talk radio station and Africa’s largest food company, Shoprite, became sponsors, partnering with the Western Cape Education Department to install (安装) test devices in 350 schools. They saved more than $2.7 million and almost 550 million liters of water in 17 months. Booysen has looked at expanding to government buildings, hospitals and hotels. There are plans to roll out the device across Africa.1. What does the underlined word “dwindling” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?A．Beginning B．Continuing.C．Expanding. D．Decreasing.2. Which words can best describe Booysen?A．Proud and determined.B．Cautious and friendly.C．Creative and caring.D．Ambitious but generous.3. What do we know about Count Dropula?A．It works smartly to help save water.B．It was designed by Booysen in 2015.C．It will soon be tested in 350 schools.D．It cuts power usage efficiently.4. What will Booysen probably do next?A．He will become a member of Shoprite.B．He will further promote his new invention.C．He will stop water pollution in Cape Town.D．He will travel around Africa for better ideas.3. Fire ants dig tunnels efficiently by only a small percentage of the group doing most of the work. Free-loaders just sit around while their hard-working colleagues get things done. But might freeloaders actually be necessary for society to function efficiently? The answer could be yes.Fire ants are highly social organisms. So, Goldman, a physicist at Georgia Tech, and his colleagues wanted to know how individual ants knew what to do without a central leader issuing orders. To find out, Goldman's team labeled individual fire ants with paint and then watched them dig their narrow tunnels —barely wide enough for two workers. Turns out, just 30 percent of the ants did 70 percent of the labor. “I was surprised that we ended up with so few workers actually doing the work at any one time. ” A quarter of the ants never even entered the tunnel. Others crawled inside, but left without digging single grain of dirt. These idling behaviors ensured the tunnels did not get clogged with insect traffic, which would make the construction process stop.And when the scientists removed the five hardest working ants from the colony, others immediately jumped in to compensate (补偿) — with no reduction in the group's productivity. It seems that it doesn’t matter which ants are working or freeloading at a given time, as long as there is some division of labor to keep the tunnels flowing smoothly. The findings are in the journal Science.The study could have implications for robotics. Imagine groups of robots sent to search rubble (碎石) for disaster survivors. Or nanobots (纳米机器人) coursing through our bodies to diagnose illness and deliver targeted medical treatment. Such robot groups will need to avoid getting jammed up in tight spaces. It might be necessary to program them so some just sit back and watch their comrades work.1. How do fire ants get the work done when digging tunnels?A．Only the leaders do most of the work.B．They all work under the order of one leader.C．They all cooperate together to do the work efficiently.D．Individual fire ants know their tasks and work efficiently.2. The underlined word “clogged ” in the second paragraph can be replaced by _______.A．crowded B．transportedC．organized D．covered3. What will happen if the hardest-working ants are taken away?A．The ants will have no idea what to do.B．Other ants will take their place and do the work.C．The tunnels will get blocked and the work will stop.D．The leader will compensate them and give them food as the reward.4. We can learn from the passage that _______.A．fire ants are the most diligent insects.B．scientists may diagnose illness more easily.C．people may feel happy when they watch their colleagues do nothing.D．scientists can deal with robotics better when coming to specific programs.4. Scientists from Deakin University in Australia have traced how about 30 species changed across various time periods in response to rising temperatures. They searched through nearly 100 past studies by other researchers, and tracked comparisons that date back a century or two in some cases. They found many creatures are changing the sizes and shapes of certain body parts.“Warm-blooded animals in the wild rely on their own bodies to avoid overheating. They release heat through their appendages (肢体),” explains Sara Ryding, who led the study. For little creatures. like mice, tails do the job. For birds, their bills (喙) do the work.The animals’ shape-shifting changes make sense, researchers say. In biology, an established concept called Bergmann’s rule shows that creatures that live in colder climates tend to be larger and thicker than those closer to the equator (赤道). Later, a biologist, Joel Asaph Allen further expanded the concept, saying that animals that adapted to cold climates have shorter limbs (肢) and bodily appendages — to keep the warmth in. For similar reasons, in hotter climates, warm-blooded animals"appendages become larger, relative to their body size. Larger appendages can help animals release more heat into the surrounding air.Ryding’s team also conducted various field studies. One of them measured the bills of Galapagos finches from 2003 to 2011 and found they enlarged in response to temperature rises. Other data the researchers analyzed focused on European rabbits, which were brought to Australia and settled in areas with different weather. Those that found themselves in hotter places developed longer ears over time.However, the researchers aren’t sure wh ether this shape-shifting is a good development. If larger ears or bills can help the animal cool off, that’s a good thing. But certain changes may damage some creatures’ ability to hunt for food. “If you’re a hummingbird and your bill is getting broader a nd wider, it may become too large to effectively feed on flowers where you’ re drawing your nutrition from,” says Ryding.1. How did the scientists carry out their study?A．By experimenting in the wild. B．By referring to previous data.C．By exploring a variety of fields. D．By collecting information worldwide.2. Why is Bergmann’s rule mentioned in Paragraph 3?A．To offer background information. B．To raise doubts about a concept.C．To stress the role of weather changes. D．To explain the researchers’ fin dings.3. What do the researchers want to find out about animals’ shape-shifting changes?A．Their rules. B．Their reason. C．Their effects. D．Their frequency.4. What does the text mainly tell us?A．Animals are good at surviving tough situations.B．Animals base their body changes on their environments.C．Climate change forces animals to change their habitats.D．It is wise of animals to use their different body parts effectively.5. A high school student has a science test on Monday but spends most of the weekend playing video games and does not start studying until late Sunday night. This kind of avoiding or delaying of work that needs to be done is called procrastination (拖沓). It has been said that up to 95% people procrastinate at least sometimes, and about 20% of them do it too much. 1The first factor is how pleasant or unpleasant people find a task. Research shows that people put off tasks they find unpleasant. Someone who loves bicycles might not delay fixing a tire, while someone who does not may put it off.2 For example, those who have low expectations of success are more likely to delay starting a job. On the other hand, those who believe they can perform well take on challenging tasks rather than avoid them.3 learn might not seem useful to the present. Sometimes, it is hard to see the benefit of making an effort when the ward is too far away. 4Lastly, another factor is whether or not people can use self-control. Those who have less self-control can easily be drawn away from their work. Interestingly, age is said to be associated with self-control. 5 .If procrastination is a problem for you, the first step to reducing it is identifying the reasons behind it. It is only by understanding the roots of your problem that you can choose the appropriate method for yourself.6. My son Darcy, 10, begged “No more needles”, tears rolling down his cheeks. Seeing him so_______ broke my heart. Darcy had a surgery and the needle would provide a blood transfusion (输血). It looked like the _______ was successful, but Darcy only got sicker.Darcy often asked, “Mom, when can I see my _______?” “Soon, sweetie,” I’d reply. But with a weak immune (免疫的) system, it was _______ for him to return to school. At first, my words seemed _______ but as the months passed, I watched as Darcy became _______. While he was in hospital, his friends were enjoying their lives without him. I could _______ he was giving up.I consulted the school about _______ Darcy’s education in the hope of c reating more _______ for him and I got the reply “If he’s well enough”. At that point, I wondered if this had happened to thousands of kids around the country. __________, a year later, Darcy got better enough to go back to school!One day, I talked with some friends, who had __________ kids too. We all agreed that there should be a way to keep them in the classroom __________ with their mates, even if they can’t__________ be there. Later, we got to know some sort of robot, which could just __________ the need. I then became a fundraiser and finally launched a national pilot program. A mother’s pure love now __________ to all children.1.A．embarrassed B．upset C．rigid D．confused2.A．procedure B．project C．medicine D．experiment3.A．doctors B．cousins C．classmates D．pets4.A．natural B．necessary C．practical D．risky5.A．supportive B．misleading C．awkward D．familiar6.A．convinced B．withdrawn C．determined D．mean7.A．sense B．promise C．argue D．question8.A．reforming B．promoting C．assessing D．continuing9.A．excuses B．connections C．images D．rights10.A．Admittedly B．Similarly C．Thankfully D．Generally11.A．spoiled B．adopted C．sick D．difficult12.A．socializing B．competing C．struggling D．quarreling13.A．willingly B．secretly C．physically D．casually14.A．stand up for B．break away from C．come up with D．fit in with15.A．occurs B．extends C．appeals D．belongs7. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。