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Blank Filling 2Gestures _____1____ signals, and these signals must come across clearly if we are to understand their messages. They cannot afford to be ____2___; they must be sharp and difficult to confuse with other signals. To do this they have to develop a “typical form ” that shows comparatively little ___3___. And they must be performed with “typical ____4__”, showing much the same speed, strength and scope on each occasion that they are brought into action.It is rather like the ringing of a telephone bell. The signal goes on sounding at fixed ____5___ at a fixed volume and with a fixed sound, no matter how urgent the call. No one confuse a telephone bell with a front door or an alarm clock. Its fixed form and its fixed intensity make it unmistakable.The process is at work in human gesture. When an angry man shakes his fist, the chances are that the speed, force and scope of each shake, as the fist jerks back and forth in mid-air are much the same on each occasion that he employs this gesture. And there is a reasonable ___6____ that his speed, force and scope will be similar to those of any other fist-shaker. If you were to perform a fist-shaking gesture in which you slowed down the movement, ___7____ the force, and increased the distance travelled by the clenched fist, it is doubtful it your signal would be understood. And onlooker might imagine you were exercising your arm, but it is doubtful if he would read the message as a threat ___8___.Most of our gestures have grown into typical __9____ of this kind. We all wave in much the same way. This is not a conscious process. We simply ____10__ in to the cultural norm.Key:1. C2. G3. O4. J5. F6. K7. M8. A9. I 10. B Blank Filling 3Comparatively speaking, Americans give gifts on a relatively small number of occasions and to a relatively small __1___ of people. Since offering gifts to people who do not expect them can cause mutual ___2___ and can even lead to the ____3___ that the gift-giver has the intention of influencing the ___4___ in an improper way, foreign visitors should be aware of Americans practices with ____5___ to gifts.Generally, Americans give gifts to relatives and close friends. Frequently they give gifts to _____6___. They do not _____7___ give gifts to teachers, business colleagues, or other people who might be in a position to grant or ___8___ favorable treatment (such as a good grade in class or a contract for a sale). In fact, giving gifts to these people can be thought of as an improper effort to gain favor.Christmas comes close to being a national gift-giving day in America. Exceptfor those who observe non-Christmas religion, Americans ____9___ Christmas gifts with relatives, schoolmates, and close friends. Other gift-giving occasions are days that are special to the recipient: birthdays, graduation, weddings, and childbirth. A “house-warming”gift is sometimes given to people who have moved into a new home.American try to select a gift they believe the recipient could put to use or would enjoy. People are not expected to give expensive gifts unless they can ___10___ afford them.Key: 1. C 2. A 3. O 4. N 5. H 6. M 7. E 8. D 9. K 10. I Blank Filling 4The many enthusiastic users of e-mail find it very useful ____1___ for conducting business and for socializing fast and ____2____. Although e-mail messages are written, they share _____3___ with telephone calls; e-mail has a few advantages, as well as some disadvantages, in ____4__ to telephone.E-mail is often used for quick exchanges of news, information, and schedules that would _____5___ occur over the telephone. While it lacks the added richness of vocal ____6___ and the immediate and interactive qualities of a telephone conversation, it avoids the ____7___ of a telephone tag. Moreover, both parties to an e-mail exchange can deal with the communication at times convenient for them, without ____8___ into other business. Many people find it hard to ignore a ringing telephone, even when they are in the middle of something else. E-mail messages arrive with little or no notice and will wait ____9___. If both parties check their e-mail reasonably frequently each day, can exchange can be completed within a few hours and with ____10__ inconvenience.Key: 1. D 2. N 3. E 4. J 5. A 6. K 7. M 8. B 9. H 10. K Blank Filling 5It was curios how often sympathy for the old and infirm takes a form which actually ___1___ them. Their friends, or more ____2___, wisdom to show good will, paw them, sometimes learning forward to rearrange their neckwear, pulling at their shawl, touching their hair or _____3____ their faces----things they would never presume to do, unasked, to one of their ___4_____.An equally humiliating habit of many people who are quite ___5____ of being rude is to talk about old people in front of them, as if they were not there, discussing their health, or making ___6___ remarks on the lines of “Well, nurse, has she been a good girl today?”It is now _____7___ accepted that children should be encouraged to do as much as they can for themselves in order to develop their brains and muscles, but so few people today seem to have time to allow the elderly the same means of keeping their minds and muscles active. With what they believe to be unselfish kindness they perform _____8__ services for them that they would be much better left to do, even with a struggle, for themselves.Convenient flats, well-run homes, “motherly”visitors, or organized ___9___ cannot make up for the fundamental need with much be satisfied--- the need to _____10___ to the end of life human dignity and the respect of one’s fellows.Key: 1. N 2.O 3. H 4. G 5. C 6. A 7. K 8. E 9. J 10. B Blank Filling 6The main reason for developing a better vocabulary is to receive and send out thoughts better. No just words---but ideas that words ____1___. The person with a good vocabulary is impressive, it’s true. But he or she is also better able to get across and understand ___2___ thoughts.The power of words is so strong that it can even influence the way you see the world. Words not only ___3___ your thoughts, in some cases they can help form them. For example, a certain American tribe does not have ___4___ words in its language for yellow and orange.As a result its members cannot ___5___ because the two colors. Their language –or vocabulary---decides what they “see”.Words give you the building blocks with which you think. How many times have you been unable to tell your ___6____ what’s wrong with your car because you lack the vocabulary? How accurately can you describe a sunset of your vocabulary only includes light and dark?However, simple words do no mean a simple mind. Many adults have __7____ thoughts. But those thoughts come out garbled (混乱不清的) and too simple because of a small vocabulary. They have no choices but to use the same words to express too many different kinds of thoughts. Results: poor communication. These adults with small vocabularies just cannot express the ___8____ of meaning. They may have, however, as much depth and ___9____ as their more well-spoken friends.Your vocabulary is your power. It determines the shape and size of your world. It tells you who you can or cannot talk with. It says what books you can read and whichideas you can understand. It is your main ____10___ to other people.Key: 1. I 2.O 3. F 4. L 5. E 6. C 7. A 8. M 9. K 10. H Blank Filling 7It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. The meanings of thousands of everyday ___1___, the bases for the decision we make, and the roots of our habits and skills are be found in our past experience, which are brought into the present by memory.Memory can be ____2__ as the capacity to keep information ___3___ for late use. It includes not only “remembering”things like arithmetic or historic facts, but also involves any change in the way an animal ___4___ behaves. Memory is involved when a rat gives up eating grain because he has sniffed something ___5__ in the grain pile. Memory is also involved when a six-year-old child learns to ____6___ a baseball bat.Memory exists not only in humans and animals but also in some physical objects and machine. Computers, for example, contain ____7___ for storing data for later use. It is interesting to compare the memory-storage of a computer with that of a human being. The ____8____ memory of a large computer may hold up to 100,000 words of English. However, this is but a _____9___ of the total amount of information that the teenager can recognize on sight.The use of words is the basis of the advanced problem-solving intelligence of human being. A large part of a person’s memory is in terms of words and _____10___ of words.Key: 1. C 2.H 3. L 4. E 5. I 6. F 7. M 8. O 9. B 10. N。