英语近义词辨析

英语近义词辨析

look gaze stare glare peek peer 都含“看”的意思。

look是常用词, 指“注意或有意识地看”, 如:

He looked but saw nothing.

他看了, 但什么也没看见。

gaze指“由于惊讶、好奇、喜悦、同情或感兴趣而目不转睛地看”, 如:

What are you gazing at?

你在凝视什么? stare指“睁大眼睛、目不转睛地盯着看”, 如:

It's rude to stare at people.

盯着看人不礼貌。

glare指由于“羡幕、恐惧、惊讶或愚蠢而用恐吓、凶狠或愤怒的眼光看”, 如:

He glared at her.

他向她瞪眼。

peek指“偷看”、“通过孔隙窥视”, 如:

You must not peek while you are counting in such games as hide-and-seek.

象捉迷藏一类游戏中, 你数数时绝对不能偷看。

peer指“细看”, 如:

He was peering down the well.

他细看下面的井。

injure，harm，hurt，damage，impair，mar，spoil

These verbs mean to affect detrimentally.

这些动词都表示不利地影响。

Injure can refer to acts that have an adverse effect on health, appearance, prospects, or well-being:

injure 可以指对健康、外表、前景或生活的舒适带来反面影响：

She was badly injured in an accident.

她在一次事故中被重伤。

Malicious gossip could injure his chances of success. It can also mean to treat another unjustly or wrongfully: 恶意的流言会危及他成功的希望。它也用于不公平地或错误地对待另一个人：

“Those that are not favored will think themselves injured” (Samuel Johnson).

“那些没有得到利益的人仍会认为自己受到了亏待”（塞缪尔·约翰逊）。

Harm and hurt refer principally to what causes pain, distress, diminution, or loss:

Harm 与hurt 主要指那些带来痛苦、悲伤、损失或损害的：

Gypsy moths harm foliage.

蛾对叶子有害。

Failure to pay his bills has harmed his credit.

无法付帐会对他的信用带来损害。

A hailstorm hurt the apple crop.

一场风暴损坏了种植的苹果。

My feelings are hurt.

我的感情收到了伤害。

Damage usually implies injury that decreases value, usefulness, desirability, or effectiveness:

Damage 一词通常指那种使价值、有用性和有效性减少的损害：

A falling tree damaged the roof.

一棵倒下的树损坏了屋顶。

The scandal seriously damaged the senator's reputation.

那丑闻严重损害了参议员的名声。

Impair refers to what diminishes, as in quality:

Impair 一词指的是减低，减损：

The patient's intelligence has been impaired by a brain injury. Tomar is to impair by or as if by disfiguring:

由于脑伤，病人的智力受损。mar 是指通过或好象通过破坏使受损：

Faulty intonation marred the performance. To spoil is to impair and ultimately destroy the value, excellence, or strength of:

吟颂中的缺欠影响了演出效果。spoil 是损坏和彻底摧毁价值、优点和力量。

Worrying about business spoiled our evening.

由于对生意的担心，我整个晚上都给毁掉了

descend, fall, drop

这三个动词在一起比较的一般含义为“下落”，但它们之间有着明显的差异。

descend表示带有一定的倾斜度的下落，而fall 和drop 表示突然的或急剧的垂直下落。

In future, astronauts will be required to descend from a spaceship while it is still in space and return to it.

将来，宇航员应当能从依然在太空中的宇宙飞船中下来，并且能够回到飞船里去。

Soon afterwards, the balloon began to descend and it landed near an airfield.

后来不久，气球开始降落，并在一个机场附近着陆了。

The road descends to a river.

那条路倾斜着通向一条河边。

I came across him when he was descending the stairs.

我是在他下楼时碰见他的。

fall 是个普通词，使用范围很广，下落的原因可以是地心吸引力的作用，也可以是其他方面的

I looked down and nearly fell off the ladder when I saw a policeman.

我向下瞧了瞧，当我看到一名警察时差一点从梯子上摔下来。

The book fell from the desk to the floor.

那本书从桌子上掉到了地板上。

Dead leaves are falling from the tree.

枯叶正在从树上落下。

I fell down over a stone.

一块石头把我绊了一跤。

drop 所表示的下落可以是行为者有意识的动作，也可以是无意识或不小心所致的动作。

The men got such a fright that they dropped the bag and run away.

那(两个)人吓得把手提包一丢就跑开了。

A bird had snatched up the snake from the ground and then dropped it on to the wires.

一只鸟从地上抓起了这条蛇，后来不小心把它丢到电线上了。

Before long, th e noise dropped completely…

不久，那轰鸣声就完全消失了。

Don't drop the glass.

不要把玻璃杯打破了。

Let's drop the subject.

咱们别谈这个话题了。

You had better drop the idea.

你应当丢掉这个想法。