非谓语的用法总结

非谓语动词的用法总结

李靖

非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）不是真正意义上的谓语动词，在句中都不能单独作谓语。但都具有动词的某些特点，可以有自己的宾语或状语，构成非谓语动词短语。不定式表目的，表将来；动名词表主动，表进行；过去分词表被动，表完成。

一．作主语( 动名词、不定式、过去分词前面加being, 动名词做主语谓语动词用单数)

1）不定式、动名词都可做主语，但是动名词做主语多指抽象的概念性的动作，可以是多次的经常的行为；不定式多表示具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作。如：

Playing with fire is dangerous. 玩火危险。（泛指玩火）

To play with fire will be dangerous. 玩火会发生危险。

2）用动名词做主语的句型:

It’s no use/no good/pleasure doing sth 做.......没有用处/好处/乐趣

It’s a waste of time doing sth 做.... 浪费时间

It is worth doing sth 值得做某事

It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收

It is worth making an appointment before you go. 去之前预约一下是值得的。

3）不定式做主语的句型.

It is + adj +for sb to do sth.

比较：表示人的品质时只能用of sb 如considerate/kind/nice/foolish/stupid/rude/cruel /wise/clever/brave/selfish/crazy/good/careful/careless/impolite/right/wrong等单词出现

时。

It is silly of you to say so.

It is important for us to learn English well.

It is a must/ a necessity for us to have a good command of the English language.

4) “Wh- + to 不定式”可做主语。如：

When to leave hasn’t been decided yet.什么时候动身还没定呢。

Whether to drive or take the train is still a problem.是自驾车还是乘火车仍是一个问题。

5）一般情况下，不定式和动名词作主语，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如：

Seeing is believing.= To see is to believe 眼见为实。

. Planting flowers needs constant watering.

但and连接的多个动名词作主语，谓语动词大多用复数（如果前后动名词的语义一致，

谓语一般用单数）。如：Lying and stealing are immoral. 说谎与盗窃是不道德的。

6) 动名词前面可以加上形容词性物主代词构成动名词的复合结构。如：

----- What made him angry?

------ Mary’s /My/His/Her /Their/ The boy’s/ The president’s being late（made him angry.

7being，构成动名词，做主语。如：

.

Being examined twice a year ,

driver must obey in this city.

经典练习：

1.It’s important for the figures_________ (update) regularly.

2.No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when it’s better ______(remain)

silent.

3.It’s really stupid of you _______ （tell）him the news yesterday so it has been disturbing

him all the time.

4.___________(understand)your own needs and styles of communication is as important as

learning to convey your affection and emotions.

5.__________(worry) about your grades doesn’t help.

6.The engine just won’t start. Something seems _____ (go) wrong with it.

参考答案：1. to update 2. to remain 3. to have told 4. understanding 5. worrying 6.to go 改错题：一个句子最多有一处错误

1. It’s standard practice for a company like this one employ a security officer.

2. Hear how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.

3. Know basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.

4. Do well in an interview will be an important part of getting a place at university.

5.He told us whether have a picnic was still under discussion.

6.How prevent them from swimming in this river is a problem.

参考答案：1. 在employ前加to 2. Hear 改为Hearing 3. Know 改为Knowing

4. Do 改为Doing

5. have 前加to

6. prevent 前加to.

二.作定语

1）作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面需要有相应的介词，如：

The Browns have a comfortable house to live in

2) 用不定式作定语的几种情况：

a. 不定式表将来如：The car to be bought is for his sister.

b. 用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any，the only 等限定的中心词，且与中心词为逻辑

上的主动关系, 如：

He was the best man to do the job.

She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.

c. 有些名词的同根词常跟不定式，因而它们也常跟不定式做定语，常见的有：promise, plan,

attempt, offer, decision, refusal, failure, ability, chance, warning, anxiety, eagerness,

willingness, readiness等

I don’t trust his promise to come for a visit.

He said he had no plan to go there.

He made an attempt to stand up.

Birds’singing is sometimes a warning to other birds to stay away.

3) 前置定语：V+ing 可以表示正在进行，也可以表示特征；过去分词表示已经完成或状态请

区别下面短语：

the boiling/ boiled water. 正沸腾的水(表正在进行)/白开水（表完成）

a good-looking flower. 一朵好看的花儿（表特征）

the developing countries/ the developed countries 发展中国家/发达国家

the falling leaves / the fallen leaves正在下落的叶子/落叶

the remaining money/ the money left 剩下的钱

注意：英语中有些表示感觉的动词，其现在分词形式表示“令人感到…..的”，过去分词形式表示“感到….的”如：

an exciting voice 一个令人兴奋的声音an excited voice 一个兴奋的声音

a puzzling expression 一个令人困惑的表情 a puzzled expression 一个困惑的表情

4）区别下列后置定语的用法：

to be done 表示被动、将来；

done 表示被动、完成；

being done 表示被动、正在进行；

v+ing 表示主动；

动词的系表结构直接去掉动词be;

如果是不及物动词或者是感官系动词sound/taste/ feel/ smell/ look 和变化系动词就只有用

V+ing形式。

Have you read the novel written by Dickens?

Listen! The song being sung is very popular with students.

The question to be discussed at tomorrow’s meeting is a very important one.

The food tasting delicious sells well.

注意：不定式在后置定语中只表示将来，不表目的；having dong 或者having been done 一般用在状语中，不可以做后置定语，过去分词本身就表被动和完成。

请完成下面的练习

1.There are many people ______ (wait) outside the hall.

2.There are many problems ______ ( remain) to be solved.

3.The flowers _______ (smell) sweet attract a lot of people.

4.There are many people _______ (invite) to the party.

5.The film, ______ (set) in the 19th century, won the medal.

6.The meeting_________(hold) now is of great importance.

7.The meeting_________(hold) yesterday was of great importance.

8.The meeting ________ (hold) tomorrow is of great importance.

9.He is always the first_______ (come) and the last _______ (leave).

10.He is the only person ________(know) the truth.

11.He was the best ______ (do) the job.

13. A great number of students _________(question) said they were forced to practice the piano.

14. John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter _____(offer) it to him.

15. After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope ______ (provide)

16. Birds’singing is sometimes a warning to other birds ______(stay) away.

17. The room is empty except for a bookshelf_____（stand）in one corner.

18. Laura was away in Paris for over a week. When she got home, there was a pile of

mail______(wait) for her.

19. They might just have a place _____ (leave) on the writing course—why don’t you give it a try?

20. In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words ____(use) in daily conversations.

21. Volunteering gives you a chance _______ (change) lives, including your own.

参考答案：1.waiting 2.remaining3. smelling 4.invited 5. set 6.being held 7.held 8. to be held

9. to come 10. to leave 11.to know 12.to do 13. questioned 14. offering 15.

provided 16. to stay 17. standing 18. waiting 19. left 20. used 21. to leave 22. to

change

三.作表语(不定式/动名词/过去分词都可以做表语)

1.动名词作表语表示抽象的概念性的动作，可以是多次的经常性的行为；不定式多表示具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作例如：比较下列区别

His favorite sport is swimming. (泛指游泳)

Your task today is to wash the curtains.(指一次具体的工作)

2 .excited/disappointed/frightened/pleased/satisfied/interested/puzzled/tired 感到…

exciting/disappointing/frightening/pleasing/satisfying/interesting/puzzling/tiring令人….

He is moved by the moving movie.

The film is moving.

It is a pleasant trip.（pleasant 做前置定语）

The trip is pleasing.（pleasing 做表语）

3. 注意下列表达方式：My bag is missing/ lost/ gone. I find my bag missing/lost/gone.

4. remain 的表语

1) remain to be done 仍需去做/有待于…

One problem remians to be solved.

It remians to be seen whether the operation was successful.

2) remain做“仍然是”讲时，可用名词，adj，介词，现在分词或者过去分词作表语

He remained stuck (滞留)abroad

Peter became a manager, but Jack remained a worker.

Whatever achievements you’ve made, you should remain modest.无论你取得多么大的成就，你都该保持谦虚。

He had to remain in hospital until he was better. 他不得不一直住院直到身体好些。

This solid stone，square tower had remained standing for one thousand years.

The guests came in, but she remained sitting/seated at the desk reading.客人们都来了，但她还坐在写字台旁读书。

As before, he remained unmoved. 他和以往一样无动于衷。

注意：1）用作不及物动词，意思是“剩下；剩余；遗留”，此时不能用进行时态，也没有被动语态。

After the fire, very little remained of his house. 火灾过后，他的家所剩无几。

2)remaining是形容词,意为“剩余的”,常作前置定语；而left则只能作后置定语。例如：

There are still some apples left. 还剩余一些苹果。

I bought a gift for her with the remaining money. 我用剩余的钱给她买了一件礼物。

3) remain作名词时表示“剩余物”,一般用其复数形式。例如：

The archeologists found some remains of the Song Dynasty.考古学家发现了一些宋

代遗迹。

5. 1)主语+seem +(to be )+表语，表语多为名词或形容词

Tom seems (to be ) a very clever boy. 汤姆看上去是一个非常聪明的男孩。

The man over there seems to be a new teacher. 那边的那个人看上去像一个新老

2) 主语+ seem to do sth

be doing sth

have done sth

Mrs. Green doesn’t seem (或seems not ) to like the idea. 格林夫人似乎不太喜欢这个主意。

The children seemed to be eating something in the room. 孩子们好像正在房间里吃东西呢。

The young man seemed to have changed much. 这个年轻人看起来变化很大。

6.当不定式用作表语时，其中的to 原则上是不能省略的。如：

His aim is to do two years’ work in one. 他的目标是一年干两年的工作。

但有一种例外，那就是当主语部分有动词do的某种形式时，用作表语的不定式可以省略to。

如：

What you first do is (to) mix the egg with flour. 你先得把鸡蛋和面粉和好。

All I did was (to) touch the window, and it broke. 我只不过碰了一下窗户，玻璃就碎了

经典练习

1. My worry is your _______ (rely) too much on your parents.

2. Please remain ______ (seat); the winner of the prize will be announced soon.

3. For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in

staying________( connect)

答案：1.relying 2.seated 3.connected

四.作宾语(不定式和动名词都可以作宾语)

1.只能用动名词作宾语的动词和短语

考虑、建议和原谅，承认、推迟没得想像

避免、继续练，否认完成停感谢

不禁止介意准逃亡

consider（考虑）;advise/suggest/propose/recommend(建议); excuse/pardon(原谅)；

admit/acknowledge(承认)；delay/postpone/put off(推迟); imagine/fancy(想像)；avoid（避免）；practise（练习）;deny(否认);finish(完成); appreciate/acknowledge(感谢); forbid (禁止); mind(介意); escape(逃脱)；

此外，这些动词也跟动名词：miss（错过）；enjoy（享受）；risk (冒险)；tolerate/bear/stand/put up with(容忍)；quit（停止）advocate（提倡）；resist （抵制）understand（理解）；allow/permit(允

feel like doing sth（喜欢做某事; give up doing (放弃做某事); keep doing(不停的做某事); be busy doing sth; can’t help doing sth（情不自禁）; be worth doing sth (值得做某事)；

have difficulty/trouble doing sth(做...有困难/麻烦); have a hard/good time doing sth做.... 很开心/ ; have fun doing sth 做.... 很开心succeed in doing sth 成功做某事

It is no use/good /pleasure doing sth做.......没有用处/好处/乐趣

There is no point in doing sth= There is no need to do sth 没必要做某事

It’s a waste of time doing sth 做.... 浪费时间

It is worthwhile doing/ to do sth = be worthy to be done= be worthy of being done= be worth doing sth值得做某事

2.只能用不定式作宾语的动词

决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装

主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮

decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask/beg, help,(afford, strive, happen, wait, threaten口诀之外的单词)

She pretended not to see me when I passed by.

We agreed to meet here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.

3. forget，go on，mean，regret，remember，stop，try等动词或词组可带动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别。

forget to do sth _________________ forget doing sth ______________________

go on to do sth __________________go on doing sth ______________________

mean to do sth____________________ mean doing sth___________________

regret to say/tell/inform/announce__________________________________

regret doing sth/having done________________________________________

remember to do sth_________________ remember doing sth________________

stop to do sth______________________ stop doing sth____________________

try to do sth______________________ try doing sth_________________________

can’t help (to) do sth __________________ can’t help doing sth __________________

can’t help but do sth =can’t but do sth ___________________

sb used to do sth ___________________ sb be used to doing sth ____________________

sth be used to do sth ________________________

be afraid to do sth不敢做某事be afraid of doing sth担心发生某事

be sure to do sth一定会.....be sure of doing sth确信会.....

Let’s go on studying Lesson 6. （让我们继续学第六课。说明前面已学了一部分。）

Let’s go on to study Lesson 6. （让我们接着学第六课。说明前面已学了第五课。）

I remember doing the exercise. （我记得做过练习。）

I must remember to do it. （我必须记着做这事。）

I tried not to go there. （我设法不去那里。）

I tried doing it again. （我试着又干了一次。）

Stop speaking. （不要讲话。）

He stopped to talk. （他停下来讲话。）

I mean to come early today. （我打算今天早些来。）

Missing the train means waiting for another hour.（误了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时）

4.在allow，advise，forbid，permit等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语：

We don’t allow students to smoke.

动词need，require，want作“需要”解，其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语表示事情需要做，这时，动名词的主动式表示被动意义。be worth后必须用动名词的主动形式来表示被动意义。

…需要….

…值得….

deserve to be done/ doing …..值得….

The window needs/requires/wants cleaning/to be cleaned.

Her method is worth trying.

这些建议应该被考虑。

devote oneself/ one’s time to (把...贡献给...)；look forward to (期望)；pay attention to (注意)；attach importance to (重视)；be used/accustomed to (习惯于做某事)；when it comes to (当谈到做某事) ; get down to(着手)；prefer doing sth to doing sth（喜欢...而不喜欢; turn to doing sth(转向)；thanks to (多亏); lead to (导致)；the key to doing sth (做某事的关键)；object to/be opposed to (反对)；contribute to (有助于)；be addicted to doing sth (沉湎于；对...上瘾)；make contributions to (对...做出贡献) ；due to（由于）；apply oneself to (致力于) ；stick to（坚持）；come close to （接近于）等后的动词也必须用动名词形式，例如：

I look forward to hearing from you soon.

6.不定式做动词（词组）tell, show, understand, explain, teach, learn, advise, discuss, ask, decide, wonder, find out 等的宾语时，前面常常带引导词how, what, whether, where, when, who等，但是why后加不带to的不定式。

He showed us how to do the work= He showed us how we should do the work.

I don’t know what to do= I don’t know what I should do.

We must decide whether to stay or go= We must decide whether we’ll stay or go.

Can you tell me why do it?

7.在love，hate，prefer，like等动词后用动名词或不定式无多大区别。有时用动名词作宾语时，

指一般情况，而跟不定式作宾语时指某一具体行为。

I love swimming. I love to swim today.

8.start，begin，continue在书面语中多后接动名词，在口语中多后接不定式。

It started to snow. He is beginning to cook dinner. I began to understand what he meant.

典型例题

1. David threatened _____(report) his neighbor to the police if the damages were not paid.

2. He chose _______(keep) silent when asked why.

3. He volunteered _________(help) the victims in the earthquake.

4. Whenever you are in trouble, don’t hesitate _______(ask) me for help.

5. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area need ______(repair).

6. —Can I smoke here?

—Sorry. We don’t allow ______(smoke) here.

7. I hear they’ve promoted Tom, but he didn’t mention ______(promote) when we talked on the phone.

8. Bill suggested _______(hold) a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.

9. I really appreciate _______(have) time to holiday with you on this nice island.

10. I can hardly imagine her _______(marry) such a men as Lee.

11. It’s quite hot today. Do you feel like ________(go) for a swim?

12. The film star wears sunglass. Therefore, he can go shopping without ______(recognize).

13. —They are quiet, aren’t they?

—Yes, they are accustomed to not talk at meals.

14. How can I afford to fly to America when I can only earn 800 Yuan a month.

15. Would you mind turn down your radio a little, please?

16. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed caught.

17. He practiced playing the piano every morning.

18. He risked losing his life in order to save the drowning girl.

19. He was considering changed his mind.

20. He was considered to be very rich.

21. Don’t worry. We can manage to help you out.

22. I was advised to quit the job and try a new one.

23. We’ve had a good start, but next, more work needs to be done to achieve the final su ccess.

24. One learns a language by making mistakes and correct them.

25. China recently tightened its waters controls near the HuangYan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from attacked in the South China Sea.

26. Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and having reduced to ruins, the city took on a new look.

27. When it comes to speak in public, no one can match him.

28. Lydia doesn’t feel like study abroad. Her parents are old.

29. I really regret _____ (inform) you that you have failed to pass the exam.

30. He tried ______(persuade) her to accept their incitation, but in vain.

31. She was afraid to step further in grass because she was afraid of being bitten by a snake.

32. I still remember taken to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.

33. No one answered the front door, so I tried knocking at the back door.

34. I’m afraid I can’t help painting the house this afternoon.

35. I couldn’t choose but to accept his invitation.

36. I’m sorry. I didn’t mean hurt you.

37. Now that we have finished Exercise I, let’s go on to do Exercise Ⅱ.

38. I couldn’t help but admiring him for his courage.

39. Oh, my goodness! I forgot to lock the door last night. Is there anything missing?

40. I forgot paid already, so I went to my boss again.

41. The competitor never dreamed of there __________ (be) a chance for him to win the first prize in the 100 meter race.

42. Have you heard of my sister _______ (win) the contest?

43. The doctor does not mind I eating a little meat occasionally.

44. She didn’t mind her book s taken away and used by other students.

45. I insist on Mary go there.

46. I knew nothing about the window was open.

47. He left the city without our know it.

答案：

1.to report

2. to keep

3. to help

4.to ask

5.repairing

6.smoking

7.having been promoted

8.holding

9.having 10. marrying 11.going 12.being recognized 13.talk改为taking 14.正确15.turn改为turning 16.caught

前加being 17.正确18.正确19.changed改为changing 20.正确21.正确22.正确23.正确24.correct 改为correcting 25.attecked前加being 26.having改为being 27.speak改为speaking 28.study改为studying 29.to inform 30.to persuade 31.正确32.taken前加being 33.正确34.painting改为paint 35.去掉to 36.正确37.正确38.admiring 39.正确40.paid前加being 41.being 42.winning 43.I改为my或me 44.taken前加being 45.go改为going，或去掉on 46.was改为being 47.know改为knowing 五．作状语

不定式分词作状语时，不定式、分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致，不定式表示目的，动名词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。

(一)不定式作状语

1.不定式作目的状语

In order to可以放在句首，也可以放在句中；so as to 只能放于句中，in order to 和so as to 放于句中时，不能用逗号隔开。

To catch the early bus/In order to catch the early bus, he gets up early.

= He gets up early to catch the early bus.

Bob took down my telephone number so as / in order not to forget it.

= In order not to forget it, Bob took down my telephone number.

2.不定式作结果状语

不定式作结果状语常用在下列句式中：so+adj +as to do sth; such+n +as to do sth; …enough to do sth; too….to; Only to do sth表示不定式出乎意料的结果。

I’m not so stupid as to write it down.=I’m not such a fool as to write it down.

He is clever enough to be fit for the job.

Jane arrived at the station only to be told the train had gone.

比较：He died, leaving only debts.(动名词表示自然而然的结果)

I’m too tired to stay up longer.

注意：only too…to结构中，并非是“太….而不能….”之意，而表示“非常….”这样搭配的形容词有：pleased, ready, willing, glad, happy等。

I’m only too glad to have passed the exam.考试及格了，我非常高兴。

I’m too willing to help you.

3.不定式作原因状语

当这些形容词light, heavy, hard/difficult, easy, comfortable, pleasant, dangerous impossible, interesting nice等出现时要用主动表被动。

This question is easy to answer.

This book is difficult to understand.

（二）分词做状语

分词作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、伴随状语等，为了强调，可以与while, when, once, if , unless等连词连用。

(not)V+ing 表示句子主语之间为逻辑上的主动关系

V+ed 表示句子主语之间为逻辑上的被动关系

(not) having done 表示句子主语之间为逻辑上的主动关系；动作发生在谓语动作之前

(not)having been done表示句子主语之间为逻辑上的被动关系; 动作发生在谓语动作之前

1. When ________ (offer) help, one often says “Thank you” or “It’s kind of you.

2.____________(Separate) from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and

animals not found in any other country in the world.

3. Generally speaking, if _______(take) according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.

4. He glanced at her, ________( note) that though she was tiny, she seemed very well.

5. The teacher came into the lab, _________(follow) by some students.

6. _________________(tell) many times, he still repeated the same mistake.

7. Not _______________(receive) her letter, he wrote again.

参考答案：1.offered 2. Separated 3. taken 4. noting 5. followed 6. Having been told

7. having received

(三) 独立成分作状语

有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有：generally speaking 一般来说strictly/ honestly/frankly speaking 严格地、诚实地、坦率地讲considering/ given/taking…into consideration 考虑到judging from/by 根据....判断compared with/to 与....相比provided/ providing/ suppose/ supposing/ assuming 假设

to be frank/ to tell you the truth/ to be honest 坦率地说、跟你说实话、老实说

To make things/ the matter worse 更为糟糕的是

seeing that 鉴于

Considering his age, he is quite tall.

Judging from his look, he didn’t agree with you at all.

I lost my way in complete darkness and, to make things worse, it began to rain.

To tell you the truth, I am a little tired.

练习：

1).______ (sleep) late in the morning, he turned off the alarm o’clock.

2)._______(see) from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.

3) ._______(see) the sunset from the hill, he felt relaxed.

4). _______(clean) the desks, we began reading.

5).__________(surround) for a month, the enemy had to give in.

6). ___________(lose) in the woods, he finally saved by the police.

7) .All the afternoon he worked with the door_______(lock).

8).With winter_______(come) on，it's time to buy warm clothes.

9).I can't go out with all these dishes________(wash).

10).Anderson was lying on the bed with the window________(open).

11).He stood there with his eyes ______(fix) on the wall.

12).He felt relaxed, with his work _______(do).

13). He felt anxious, with a lot of work________(do)

参考答案：1) to sleep; 2) seen; 3) seeing; 4) Having cleaned; 5) having been surrounded; 6) lost

7) locked 8) coming 9) to wash 10) open 11).fixed 12) done 13) to do

总结状语从句的做题方法：1.___________________________________________________

2.___________________________________________________

3.____________________________________________________

4._____________________________________________________

(四)独立主格

非谓语动词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应该和句子主语保持一致。但是有时非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语，在句子中做状语，我们称之为独立主格。它的结构特点是：

①独立主格中的状语有自己独立的主语，与主句的主语不同，前后主语不一致；②在独立主格中的状语中，不定式表示还未作，过去分词表示被动；现在分词表示主动③独立主格结构一般都有逗号与主句分开。

独立主格的结构为：(with)主语+V+ing/v+ed/ to do sth/ adj/ 介词结构/ 副词

1). 名词/主格代词+现在分词。名词/主格代词与现在分词之间主谓关系。如：

The girl staring at him (= as the girl stared at him), he didn’t know what to say.

= With the girl staring at him, he didn’t know what to say.

姑娘两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好。

Time permitting (= if time permits), we will go for an outing tomorrow.

= _______________________________________________________

如果时间允许的话，我们明天去郊游。

2). 名词/主格代词+过去分词。名词/主格代词与过去分词之间的动宾关系。如：

The problems solved (= as the problems were solved), the quality has been improved.

= With the problem solved, the quality has been improved.随着问题的解决，质量已经提高了。

Her glasses broken (= because her g lasses were broken), she couldn’t see the words on the blackboard.

=__________________________________________________________________.

由于眼镜摔坏了，她看不见黑板上的字。

3). 名词/主格代词+不定式。名词/主格代词与不定式之间是主谓关系，且强调的是一次具体性的动作。如：

He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help.

= He is going to make a model plane, with some old parts to help.

借助于一些旧零件，他要做一个飞机模型。

4). 名词/主格代词+形容词。如：

An air accident happened to the plane, nobody alive. 那架飞机遭遇了空难，无一人生还。

= An air accident happened to the plane, with nobody alive.

So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off. =_____________________________

这么多人缺席，会议不得不取消。

5). 名词/主格代词+副词。如：

He put on his sweater ,wrong side out.

= He put on his sweater , with wrong side out.他把毛衣穿反了。

The meeting over, they all went home.=____________________________________________.

会议一结束，他们就都回家了。

6). 名词/主格代词+介词短语。如：

The boy goes to the classroom, book in hand.

= The boy goes to the classroom, with a book in his hand.那男孩手里拿着书去教室。

Mary was sitting near the fire, her back towards the door. 玛丽靠近火炉坐着，背对着门。

7). There being +名词（代词），being不可省。如：

There being nothing else to do, we went home. 没有别的事可做，我们就回家了。

There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed. 没有再要讨论的事了，我宣布散会。

8). It being +名词（代词），being不可省。如：

It being Christmas, t he government offices were closed. 由于圣诞节的缘故，政府机关都休息。

It being a holiday, all the shops were shut. 由于今天是假日，所有商店都关门了。

经典试题练练看

1. The party will be held in the garden, weather ________(permit).

2. The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already _______ (lay) for a meal to be cooked.

3. The lecture ______(give), a lively question and answer session followed.

4. Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.

Sorry. With so much work ______(fill) my mind, I almost break down.

5. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _____(finish), he gladly accepted it.

6. With nothing _______(do), we went to the cinema.

7. With their son _______(attend) a foreign college now, the parents have some financial problems now and then.

8. Her money ________(run out), the lazy middle aged woman began to steal others’money at crowded places, such as bus stops, stations, airports and ports.

触类旁通改改错

1. The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog followed them.

2. Bats are surprisingly long-lived creatures, some have a life span of around 20 years.

3. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons were finished for the day.

4. The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent was launched at the end of last March.

5. The street was quiet with no buses were running.

6. In came a man with his hand being tied back.

7. With Mr Smith away, we’ve got more room.

8. With the car broken down halfway on the road, we had great difficulty walking home in the snow.

答案：

1. permitting

https://www.360docs.net/doc/7a18322171.html,id

3.(having been) given

4.filling

5.finished

6.to do

7.attending

8.having run out

1. following改为following

2. have改为having

3. 去掉were

4. 去掉was

5. 去掉were

6. 去掉being

7. 正确

8. broken改为breaking

六．作宾补时

1).t ell/ order/ persuade/ invite/ force /warn / encourage/ get/ ask/ advise/ allow/beg/

cause/expect/forbid/ intend/ prefer/ remind/ require/request/command/direct/ want/wish/call on/ demand of/depend on+ sb to do

当不定式用作介词except或but的宾语时，该不定式有时带to，有时不带to，情形比较复杂，大致原则是：其前有do，不定式不带to；其前没有do，不定式通常带to。如：

He likes nothing except to watch TV. 除了看电视外，他什么都不喜欢。

It had no effect except to make him angry. 除惹他生气外，没产生任何效果。

There’s little we can do except wait. 除了等待我们没有什么办法。

I could do nothing except agree. 我除了同意，没有别的办法

重点句型：have no choice/alternative but to do sth 别无选择只能做某事

have nothing to do but do sth / can do nothing but do sth别无选择只能做某事

经典例题：

1.I looked up and noticed a snake ______(wind) its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.

2.Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car _______(wash).

3.Having finished her project, she was invited _______(speak) by the school to the new students.

4.When we saw the road _______(block) with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.

5.Let those in need ______(understand) that we will go all out to help them.

6.He is thought ______(act) foolishly. Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.

7.Alexander tried to get his work in the medical circles ______(recognize).

8.I was advised _______(take) more exercise and eat less sugar.

9.That eight-year-old boy was made _________(work) day and night by the cruel boss.

10.When he went back to his home village ten years later, he found it completely _____(change).

11.Passengers are permitted ______(carry) only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.

12.Simon made a big bamboo box _____(keep) the little sick bird till it could fly.

13.Listen! Do you hear someone call for help?

14.I felt something hitting me on the back.

15.Let the children quiet, please.

16.He was heard leave the house.

17.I’ll have him to pay attention to his handwriting.

18.Don’t have the students study all day.

19.All that set me thinking.

20.He got his tooth pull out yesterday.

21.He was caught steal in the shop and was sent to prison.

22.I found my desk mate, Li Y ang, play basketball on the playground.

23.Michael put up a picture of Y ao Ming beside the bed to keep himself reminding of his own dreams.

24.Even the best writers find themselves losing for words.

25.Claire had luggage _______ (check) an hour before her plane left.

26.I have a lot of readings ________ (complete) before the end of this term.

27.Every year, Tom remembers to have some flowers ________ (send) to her mother on her birthday.

28.The director had her assistant _______ (pick) up some hot dogs for the meeting.

29.The two men had their lights ________ (burn) all night long.

30.He had his house _______ (break) into last night.

31.With the world changing fast, we have something new deal with all by ourselves every day.

32.Emperor Qin Shi Huang had all the walls join up.

33.If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but meet an even great challenge.

34.He had all his students to stand up and sing the song together.

35.They had the machine run all day and all night.

36.We won’t have such a thing happening again.

37.Something has gone wrong with my computer. I’ll get it _________ (repair) tomorrow.

38.It’s too noisy outside. I’ll have to get the children ___________ (stop) shouting.

39.The first thing he did every morning was to get his car ____________(start).

40.He was very humorous and often got us ________ (laugh).

41.Considering his illness, the doctor tried to get the patient stop smoking.

42.His sudden appearance got them surprising.

43.He got his ankle hurt in the game yesterday.

44.The boss got them worked as soon as they entered the workshop.

答案：

1.winding

2.washed

3. to speak

4. blocked

5. understand

6. to have acted

7.recognized 8. to take 9. to work 10. changed 11. to carry 12. to keep

13. call改为calling 14. hitting改为hit 15. quiet前加be 16. leave前加to 17.去掉pay前的to 18.study改为studying 19. 正确20. pull改为pulled 21. steal改为stealing

22.play改为playing 23. reminding改为reminded 24. losing改为lost 25. checked

26.to complete 27. sent 28. pick 29. burning 30. broken 31. deal前加to 32. join改为joined 33.meet前加to 34. 去掉to 35. run改为running 36. 正确37. repaired 38. to stop

39.started 40. laughing 41. stop 前加to 42. surprising改为surprised 43. 正确

44.worked改为working