专题13 简单句
(徐州专版)2020中考英语复习方案 第二篇 语法专题突破 专题13 简单句试题-人教版初中九年级全
语法专题训练(十三) 简单句(限时:30分钟)1.[2019·某某改编] on the grass. It's a rule of the park.B.Don't stepC.To step2.[2019·某某]Look at the blue sky. fine weather it is!B.How a D.What a3.[2019·某某]— good grades I hope to get in this exam!—I'm sure you will.B.What aD.How a4.[2019·株洲改编] lucky they are, I thought, to have each other.A.What aC.How aD.How5.[2019·某某]— can you get to the airport?—In about 30 minutes. I'm on the way.A.How soonB.How longC.How muchD.How often6.[2019·某某]— will the Jinniu Lake Animal Kingdom be open? —Maybe in the second half of this year.7.[2019·]—Excuse me, is this T-shirt?—It's 88 yuan.A.how muchB.how manyC.how longD.how old8.[2019·某某]— do you help your mother do housework?—Every day. I think it's our duty to do it.A.How oftenB.How farC.How soonD.How much9.[2019·某某]— did you celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival this year, Tom? —By making rice dumplings with my Chinese friends.A.Where10.[2019·眉山] noise pollution, and we can live in a quiet environment.C.PreventedD.To prevent11.[2019·某某]—There is nothing left in the fridge, ?—. Let's go to the supermarket to buy some.A.is there; YesB.isn't there; YesC.is there; NoD.isn't there; No12.[2019·宿迁]— do you sleep every day, Eric?—For about eight hours.A.How muchB.How fastC.How oftenD.How long13.—Did Jeff go to the zoo by subway or by taxi yesterday?—.A.Yes, he went there by subwayB.No, he went there by busC.He went there by taxiD.He went there to see animals14.[2019·某某]— is it from your school to the bus stop?—It's about 5 minutes' walk.A.How oftenB.How longC.How soonD.How far15.—?—She is of medium height with two blue eyes.A.How is RitaB.What does Rita likeC.What does Rita look likeD.How do you like Rita16.—How often do you have a meeting one month?—.A.For one weekB.One week agoC.In one weekD.Once a week17.The structure of the sentence “The students visited the museum.” is .A.S+VB.S+V+DOC.S+V+IO+DOD.S+V+DO+OC18.Watch out, Peter! is a little boy playing ahead on the road.19.[2019·黔南州]—Steven had nothing for breakfast this morning, ? —No. Because he had a fever.A.hadn't heB.had heC.didn't heD.did he20.[2019·某某]—Last summer holiday, I didn't go anywhere. How boring! —. But I'm going somewhere for a holiday this summer.A.Neither I didB.Neither did IC.So did ID.So I did【参考答案】1.B 根据常识可知,不能践踏草坪,故本题用祈使句的否定形式“Don't+动词原形”。
2015中考英语专题(13)简单句
2015中考专题（13）简单句【解读中考】【考点分布】1.陈述句2.疑问句3.祈使句4.感叹句【考点内容】掌握陈述句的肯定和否定形式，实现肯定句和否定句之间的灵活转换。
熟悉一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、反意疑问句、和选择疑问句之间的句型转换。
了解祈使句的特点，使用祈使句进行建议、命令、请求和劝告。
能够熟练使用what 和how引导的感叹句。
【命题趋势】1.各类简单句的构成及用法2.重点考查特殊疑问句、反意疑问句、祈使句和感叹句的使用3.what 和how引导的感叹句的辨析【考点分析】从以上表格可以看出，云南近五年的考题对简单句类型的考查，一是集中在疑问句的疑问词，主要考查同类或同义疑问词相互间的用法辨析。
二是考查祈使句，尤其是对动词原形和特殊祈使句的考查。
三是考查感叹句，单项填空题对感叹句的考查主要集中在感叹词what和how及不定冠词的有无。
虽然近几年单纯考查这种基础句型的题不是很多，但是在阅读中有时需借助于划分句子成分去理解。
在书面表达中，没有最基本的遣词造句的能力是不可能用地道的英语句子来表达清楚的。
有关简单句知识点的考查，渗透到了中考试题的各种题型，特别是句子翻译、单项填空、书面表达等，更需要牢固掌握这些基础知识。
第一讲陈述句一、陈述句讲解：【陈述句定义】：用来陈述事实或观点的句子叫做陈述句，句末用句号。
【陈述句分类】：陈述句分为肯定句和否定句。
(1)陈述句肯定式的正常语序是主语在谓语前。
We’ll meet again tomorrow. 我们明天再见。
(2)陈述句否定式的结构①含有be动词，助动词have, will和情态动词的否定形式是将not放在这些词的后面。
The desk is not made of wood.The girl didn’t do housework at home.Fish can’t live without water.②实义动词的否定形式要借助于助动词，并且将否定词not加在助动词的后面。
近五年高考真题专题13：非谓语动词(解析版)
专题14 非谓语动词【2020年】1.（2020·新课标I卷）Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 66．(find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.【答案】to find【解析】考查非谓语动词。
句意：中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。
此处表示目的，应使用不定式作目的状语。
故填to find。
2.（2020·新课标I卷）I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must to be easy to cook.【答案】frying改为fried【解析】考查非谓语动词。
句意：我喜欢吃西红柿炒鸡蛋。
动词fry与tomatoes之间是动宾关系，所以此处应用过去分词作定语，故将frying改为fried。
3.（2020·新课标I卷）My mom told me how to preparing it【答案】preparing改为prepare。
【解析】考查非谓语动词。
句意：我妈妈告诉我如何准备这道菜。
分析句子可知，“how+不定式”作told 的宾语，to是不定式符号，后应接动词原形，故将preparing改为prepare。
4. （2020·新课标II卷）They represent the earth 63．(come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.【答案】coming【解析】考查非谓语动词。
句意：它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。
句中谓语动词为represent，所以这里为非谓语动词。
名词earth与come back to之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。
2020年外研版英语中考语法复习专题13 简单句
动词的否定形式+主语?
他,情态动词的肯定形式+主语?
We should get up early, shouldn’t You can’t play the piano, can
we?我们应该早起,不是吗?
you?你不会弹钢琴,是吗?
(2)特殊形式 ①当陈述句中含有表示否定意义的代词或形容词,如nothing, none, no one, nobody, neither, few, little等,或含有表示否定意义的副词never, hardly, seldom等时,附加疑问句只能用肯定形式。 Linda has never been to Beijing, has she? 琳达从没去过北京,是吗? ②当陈述句中有含有否定前缀或后缀(如un-,dis-,-less等)的单词时,附加疑问 句要用否定形式。 He looks unhappy, doesn’t he? 他看上去不高兴,不是吗?
③祈使句的反意疑问句有两种形式:以let’s开头的,附加疑问句用shall we; 其 他形式的祈使句的附加疑问句用will you/won’t you。 Open the window, will you/won’t you? 打开窗户,好吗? ④陈述部分是there be句型时,附加疑问句应用“be there”。 There is a wallet in your car, isn’t there? 有一个钱包在你的车里,不是吗? ⑤陈述部分的主语是this, that时,附加疑问句的主语应用it;陈述部分的主语是 these, those时,附加疑问句的主语应用they。 This is a fantastic film, isn’t it? 这是一部很棒的电影,不是吗?
初三初中九年级中考英语专题练习13 简单句
专题(十三) 简单句拓展提升练1.[2021·南京]—Millie, are you reading?—Camel Xiangzi, by the famous Chinese writer, Lao She.A.whoB.howC.whereD.what2.[2021·昆明]—A nice T-shirt! is it?—It’s 50 yuan.A.How longB.How farC.How muchD.How old3.[2021·扬州]— do you play basketball with your friends? —Only once a week.A.How longB.How muchC.How soonD.How often4.[2021·连云港]— is the concert going to start?—I’ve no idea. Why not check the ticket?A.What timeB.What aboutC.How longD.How often5.—Lucy, from did you learn about the picnic?—Monica. She told me about it just now.A.whoseB.whomC.whenD.where6.— is the thief like, Mr. Johnson?—He’s short and bald. He wears a black jacket.A.WhatB.HowC.WhichD.Who7.[2021·荆州]— do you usually start doing your homework? —Right after I finish my dinner.A.WhenB.WhereC.WhatD.Why8.[2021·绥化改编]There is plenty of information about AI(人工智能) on the website, ?A.isn’t thereB.isn’t itC.is thereD.is it9.[2021·龙东改编]—It is rude to ask direct questions, ?—Yes, but I think it’s OK to your close friends.A.isn’t itB.doesn’t itC.does itD.is it10.—He’s never been asked to work hard, ?—. His teachers always encourage him.A.is he; No, he isn’tB.has he; No, he hasn’tC.has he; Yes, he hasD.is he; Yes, he is11.[2021·云南]—Our class won the first prize in today’s basketball match. — exciting news it is! We’re all glad about it.A.WhatB.What anC.HowD.How an12.[2021·武威]—They’ve bought the sick children some toys and flowers.—So they have. nice of them!A.HowB.WhatC.How aD.What a13.[2021·遂宁]—He has made many friends since he came here three weeks ago. — outgoing boy he is!A.How aB.HowC.What aD.What an14.[2021·宿迁]— nice music lesson Mrs Wu gave us today!—Yes. We enjoyed it very much.A.WhatB.What aC.HowD.How a15.If you’re interested in our business plan, this number and ask for Ms Lee. She’ll answer your questions.A.callingB.callC.and callD.to call16.[2021·绥化改编] it over, and you will be able to work out the problem.A.ThinkingB.To thinkC.ThinkD.Thought17.[2021·梧州]— your hands before dinner, Tony.—No problem, Mom.A.WashB.WashesC.WashingD.To wash18.[2021·襄阳]— nice weather it is to go hiking! Would you like to go with me?—Good idea! Let’s go.A.How aB.HowC.What aD.What19.[2021·大连] at people when you talk. This is a polite way of communication in China.A.LookB.LookingC.To lookD.Looked20.— fast China is developing!—Yes. We are so lucky to live in such a great country!A.WhatB.What aC.HowD.How a21.[2021·郴州改编]—Could you please tell me the library is from here? —It’s about fifteen minutes’ ride.A.how soonB.how longC.how farD.how often22.[2021·滨州]— do you think we can finish the report?—Perhaps in one more hour.A.How longB.How muchC.How soonD.How often23. quiet and sit down. The teacher will tell us some important news.A.KeptB.To keepC.KeepingD.Keep24.[2021·绥化改编]Only at that time that he was wrong.A.he realizedB.did he realizeC.he did realizeD.can he realize25.[2021·恩施州改编]—I have never been to Tenglong Cave.—.A.Neither do IB.So have IC.Neither have ID.So do I26.—Is he speaking Spanish? I can hardly catch a word.—. He’s from Brazil, so I guess maybe it is Portuguese(葡萄牙语). A.So I can B.Neither can IC.Neither I canD.So can I【参考答案】拓展提升练1.D2.C 考查疑问词辨析。
13. 专题十三 简单句与连词成句 (1)
第二部分语法专题研究专题十三简单句与连词成句备考精练Ⅰ.单项选择1. (2019安徽)—I wonder ________ the students have a physical examination.—Once a year.A. how farB. how soonC. how longD. how often2. (2019连云港)— ________ have you worked here?—For just one month.A. How oftenB. How longC. How soonD. How much3. (2019兰州)—________ is it from Lanzhou to Lhasa?—It's about 2，160 kilometers.A. How oftenB. How farC. How longD. How many4. (2020原创)—________ students are there in your class?—Forty girls and twenty boys.A. How manyB. How muchC. How oftenD. How long5. (2020原创) ________ is your friend? He looks older than you.A. How manyB. How muchC. How oldD. How oftenⅡ.连词成句A：基础训练句号类1. well, sings, the, little, boy________________________________________________________________________.2. walks, he, to, every day, school________________________________________________________________________.3. getting, it, is, and, colder, colder________________________________________________________________________.4. very, sweet, song, the, sounds________________________________________________________________________.5. five, the, is, years, girl, old________________________________________________________________________.6. playing, he, likes, basketball________________________________________________________________________.7. someday, dancer, be, to, she, wants, a________________________________________________________________________.8. my, miss, I, grandmother, very much________________________________________________________________________.9. sent, local food, he, some, us________________________________________________________________________.10. Mrs., English, Wang, us, teaches________________________________________________________________________.11. the, in, library, I, Lucy, saw, read, books________________________________________________________________________.12. obey, please, rules, traffic, the________________________________________________________________________.13. in public, don't, speak, loudly________________________________________________________________________.14. be, listen to, quiet, and, carefully, teacher, the________________________________________________________________________.15. be late for, exam, don't, the________________________________________________________________________.16. together, go shopping, let's________________________________________________________________________.17. try, best, to, it, finish, your________________________________________________________________________.18. learn, friendly, others, to, be, to________________________________________________________________________.19. running, the, on, road, is, there, dog, a________________________________________________________________________.20. there are, many, dancing, people, the, on, square________________________________________________________________________.21. in the bottle, no, water, is, there________________________________________________________________________.22. my, in, be, to, party, a, going, home, there is________________________________________________________________________.23. tomorrow, sports meeting, there, be, will, a________________________________________________________________________.24. table, on, the, some, books, there are________________________________________________________________________.25. thank, hand, a, me, you, giving, for________________________________________________________________________.________________________________________________________________________.27. it, help, the, is, old, kind, of, to, you________________________________________________________________________.28. I, understand, what, don't, just now, he, said________________________________________________________________________.29. knew, he, to, what, do, next________________________________________________________________________.30. remember, can, I, where, place, the, grew up, I________________________________________________________________________.31. to, how, solve, the, is, wondering, he, problem________________________________________________________________________.问号类1. student, is, sister, your, a, college________________________________________________________________________?2. good, you, are, English, at________________________________________________________________________?3. you, can, play, guitar, the________________________________________________________________________?4. I, must, finish, today, the, tasks, all________________________________________________________________________?5. you, will, to, go, by bus, school________________________________________________________________________?6. want to, cook , do, you, me, with________________________________________________________________________?7. she, dance classes, does, enjoy________________________________________________________________________?8. the, have, ever, been, you, to, US________________________________________________________________________?9. anything, wrong, is there, with, arm, my________________________________________________________________________?10. this, on, question, what, opinion, your, is________________________________________________________________________?11. who, red，in, is, the, clothes, girl________________________________________________________________________?12. best, which, you, do, like, country________________________________________________________________________?13. when, sister's, is, birthday, your________________________________________________________________________?14. get, why, did, angry, you________________________________________________________________________?15. how, go, you, do, work, every day, to________________________________________________________________________?16. you, how much, milk, do, need________________________________________________________________________?17. have, how many, pens, you, do________________________________________________________________________?18. what about, Friday, going hiking, this________________________________________________________________________?19. does, what, look like, father, your________________________________________________________________________?叹号类1. lovely, a , what, she, is, girl________________________________________________________________________!2. how, the, terrible, is, weather________________________________________________________________________!3. books, they, what, interesting, are________________________________________________________________________!4. had, a, funny, what, day, he________________________________________________________________________!5. quickly, how, speaker, the, speaks________________________________________________________________________!6. delicious, what, a, we, enjoyed, dinner________________________________________________________________________!7. it, news, what, exciting, is________________________________________________________________________! B：综合训练Group 11. pet, dog, do, have, you, a________________________________________________________________________?2. lecture, us, a, give, will, he________________________________________________________________________.3. left, two, there are, days, month, this________________________________________________________________________.4. beautiful, how, looks, village, the________________________________________________________________________!5. it, practising, he, should, think, I, insist on________________________________________________________________________.Group 2________________________________________________________________________?2. yesterday, mistake, a, made, he________________________________________________________________________.3. the, on, playground, two, there are, children________________________________________________________________________.4. 8：00, the, go, to, please, library, at________________________________________________________________________.5. is, room, what, a, big, it________________________________________________________________________!Group 31. weekend, last, a, picnic, had, we________________________________________________________________________.2. born, when，you, were________________________________________________________________________?3. you, can, give, lift, me, a________________________________________________________________________?4. the, door, forget, don't, close, to________________________________________________________________________.5. is, it, moving, a, what, movie________________________________________________________________________!Group 41. last night, eat, supper, you, did________________________________________________________________________?2. is, what, dream, your________________________________________________________________________?3. my, for, mother, a, gift, bought, I________________________________________________________________________.4. he, is, a, clever, what, baby________________________________________________________________________!5. once a week, have, the, I, violin, class________________________________________________________________________.Group 51. I, help, can, you________________________________________________________________________?2. smell, nice, the, flowers________________________________________________________________________.3. how long, here, stay, did, you________________________________________________________________________?4. me, the, ruler, please, pass________________________________________________________________________.5. next, Sunday, will, there, be, concert, a________________________________________________________________________.Group 61. singer, is, favourite, he, your________________________________________________________________________?2. notes, remember, take, in the class, to________________________________________________________________________.3. cellphone, is, this, how much________________________________________________________________________?4. three, hours, football, for, has, he, played________________________________________________________________________.5. dream, achieve, I, believe, can, he, his________________________________________________________________________.Group 71. a, goal, better, set, had, you________________________________________________________________________.2. there, over, dog, whose, is, it________________________________________________________________________?3. are, studying, sing, don't, when, others________________________________________________________________________.4. game, football, there, be, will, a________________________________________________________________________.5. little, the, boy, fast, how, runs________________________________________________________________________!Group 81. days, rainy, do, like, you________________________________________________________________________?2. this, in, is, what, English________________________________________________________________________?3. watching, movies, they, happily, were, the________________________________________________________________________.4. everyone, liked, by, nobody, can, be________________________________________________________________________.5. back, he, hopes, mother, his, can, come________________________________________________________________________.挑战题1. 易错题—There is little money for Mr. Lee to buy a ticket for today's show, ________？—Exactly.A. are thereB. isn't thereC. is thereD. is it2. 创新题Which of the following groups cannot form a triangle(三角形)？________A. 30°，60°，90°B. 120°，100°，20°C. 75°，75°，30°D. 60°，60°，60°3. 创新题A dictionary costs 125 yuan, and a storybook is 25 yuan cheaper than a dictionary.How much are two dictionaries and a storybook？________A. 350B. 300C. 275D. 3254. 初高中衔接题There ________ nobody in the room.A. to beB. happenedC. happened to beD. happened be参考答案备考精练Ⅰ.单项选择1. D2. B3. B4. A5. CⅡ.连词成句A：基础训练句号类1. The little boy sings well2. He walks to school every day3. It is getting colder and colder4. The song sounds very sweet5. The girl is five years old6. He likes playing basketball7. She wants to be a dancer someday8. I miss my grandmother very much9. He sent us some local food10. Mrs.Wang teaches us English11. I saw Lucy read books in the library12. Please obey the traffic rules13. Don't speak loudly in public14. Be quiet and listen to the teacher carefully15. Don't be late for the exam16. Let's go shopping together17. Try your best to finish it18. Learn to be friendly to others19. There is a dog running on the road20. There are many people dancing on the square21. There is no water in the bottle22. There is going to be a party in my home23. There will be a sports meeting tomorrow/Tomorrow there will be a sports meeting24. There are some books on the table25. Thank you for giving me a hand27. It is kind of you to help the old28. I don't understand what he said just now29. He knew what to do next30. I can remember the place where I grew up31. He is wondering how to solve the problem问号类1. Is your sister a college student2. Are you good at English3. Can you play the guitar4. Must I finish all the tasks today5. Will you go to school by bus6. Do you want to cook with me7. Does she enjoy dance classes8. Have you ever been to the US9. Is there anything wrong with my arm10. What is your opinion on this question11. Who is the girl in red clothes12. Which country do you like best13. When is your sister's birthday14. Why did you get angry15. How do you go to work every day16. How much milk do you need17. How many pens do you have18. What about going hiking this Friday19. What does your father look like叹号类1. What a lovey girl she is2. How terrible the weather is3. What interesting books they are4. What a funny day he had5. How quickly the speaker speaks6. What a delicious dinner we enjoyed7. What exciting news it isB：综合训练Group 1 1. Do you have a pet dog2. He will give us a lecture3. There are two days left this month4. How beautiful the village looks5. I think he should insist on practising itGroup 22. He made a mistake yesterday/Yesterday he made a mistake3. There are two children on the playground4. Please go to the library at 8：005. What a big room it isGroup 31. We had a picnic last weekend/Last weekend we had a picnic2. When were you born3. Can you give me a lift4. Don't forget to close the door5. What a moving movie it isGroup 41. Did you eat supper last night2. What is your dream3. I bought a gift for my mother4. What a clever baby he is5. I have the violin class once a weekGroup 51. Can I help you2. The flowers smell nice3. How long did you stay here4. Please pass me the ruler5. There will be a concert next SundayGroup 61. Is he your favourite singer2. Remember to take notes in the class3. How much is this cellphone4. He has played football for three hours5. I believe he can achieve his dreamGroup 71. You had better set a goal2. Whose dog is it over there3. Don't sing when others are studying4. There will be a football game5. How fast the little boy runsGroup 81. Do you like rainy days2. What is this in English3. They were watching the movies happily4. Nobody can be liked by everyone5. He hopes his mother can come back挑战题1. C2. B3. A4. C11。
湖南中考英语 专题十三 简单句
time flies!
答案 B 句意:我们不得不说再见了。时光飞逝啊!本题考查感叹句。此处time作主语,flies作谓语,应用 how引导感叹句,故答案为B。
16.(2016永州,23)—
do you have an English test?
—Once a month.
A.How often B.How long C.How soon
/副词+主语+谓语!What+(a/an+)形容词+名词+主语+谓语!fun在此句中为不可数名词。故答案为A。
2.(2019株洲,24)
lucky they are,I thought,to have each other.
A.What a B.What C.How
答案 C 句意:我想,他们拥有彼此是多么幸运。本题考查感叹句。根据感叹句结构“How+形容词/副词 +主语+谓语”和“What+(a/an+)形容词+名词+主语+谓语”可排除A和B。故答案为C。
12.(2017永州,27)David,
make trouble at school.
A.can't B.don't C.doesn't
答案 B 句意:戴维,不要在学校里惹麻烦。本题考查祈使句。祈使句的否定形式是在动词原形前加don' t。故答案为B。
13.(2016长沙,22)—
will you fly to Beijing?
always,usually,often,sometimes,once/twice a day/month等。
3.(2018北京,3)—
河南仁爱版中考英语语法过关练习 13_专题十三 简单句(陈述句、感叹句、疑问句、祈使句)
—Do you like playing football?你喜欢踢足球吗? —Yes,I do.是的,我喜欢。/—No,I don't.不,我不喜欢。 注意:一般疑问句通常是怎么问怎么答,即用什么词提问,就用什么词回答,但 在下列情况中例外。
1.用其他词语代替yes或no来回答,从而使语气变得客气、委婉。如: —Can you come and go to the park with me? ——你能来和我一起去公园吗? —I'm afraid not.I have a lot of work to do. ——恐怕不行,我有很多工作要做。
(4)no one/nobody 没有人。如: No one/Nobody is interested in the book. 没有人对这本书感兴趣。 (5)nothing什么也没有。如: There is nothing wrong with you.你什么问题也没有。 (6)neither of...没有一个(用于表示两者都不);none of...一点儿也没有(与不可 数名词连用),一个也没有(用来全面否定三个或三个以上的人或物)。如: Neither of them has ever been to Beijing. 他们两个都没有去过北京。
用yes或no来回答。反意疑问部分的主语要用代词,并与陈述部分的主语一 致,谓语动词在人称、数和时态上也要与陈述部分一致。 反意疑问句的重点是反意疑问部分的主语和谓语这两部分,因此对此知识点 的命题重点就是反意疑问部分主语和谓语的确定,这是此考点命题的基本指 导思想。不过,由于对反意疑问句作出回答的特殊性及易错性,考查反意疑问 句的回答方式也常会出现在中考英语试卷中,而且由于对反意疑问句作回答 与语境或情景联系较紧,所以此考查方式越来越受到命题人的青睐。
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专题十三简单句精讲必备考点考点一陈述句考点二一般疑问句考点三特殊疑问句考点四选择疑问句考点五反意疑问句考点六祈使句考点七感叹句考点八there be句型考点一陈述句1. 陈述句用来传递信息、提供情况、肯定或否定一个人、一件事、对人或事的看法等，通常主语在前，谓语在后，句末用句号，读时用降调。
I’m interested in sports and music. 我对运动和音乐感兴趣。
2. 陈述句的否定结构陈述句的否定结构的构成构成例句在be后加not。
They aren’t busy now. 他们现在不忙。
在have后加not或no，但not后不可直接加名词，而需与a，any，much，enough等词连用，再加名词。
He has not any brothers or sisters. = He has no brothers or sisters. 他没有兄弟姐妹。
在助动词或情态动词后加not。
She can’t work out the problem by herself.她不能自己解决那个问题。
在实义动词前加do的相应形式构成否定。
He doesn’t go to work on Sunday.他周日不上班。
考点二一般疑问句一般疑问句常用来询问一件事情或某种情况是否属实，其答语通常是yes或no。
1.一般疑问句的句式：一般疑问句的构成构成例句连系动词+ 主语+ 表语? Is she busy now? 她现在忙吗？Have (有) + 主语+ 宾语? Have you any English dictionary?你有英语字典吗？助动词/情态动词+ 主语+ 动词原形+ 其他成分? Does Mary live very far from here? 玛丽住得离这里很远吗？注意：1. have当“有”讲时，在美国英语中常借助助动词构成一般疑问句。
Do you have any friend in you class? 你在你们班有朋友吗？2. 在一般疑问句的否定结构中，not一般与句首的be，have或助动词缩写在一起。
这种结构往往用来表示提问人的惊讶、怀疑、邀请、赞叹等。
回答时，如果答语是肯定的，须用“Yes + 肯定答语.”，如果答语是否定的，须用“No + 否定答语.”。
—Don’t you believe me? 你不相信我？—Yes, I do. 不，我相信。
/ No, I don’t. 是的，我不相信。
3. 否定的一般疑问句通常是以be动词、情态动词或助动词与not的缩略形式开头，往往表示惊讶、赞叹、怀疑等语气。
对否定的一般疑问句作简略回答时也是用yes或no，但其汉语翻译与其原意正好相反。
—Don’t you hear of that? 你没有听说过那件事吗？（表惊讶）—Yes, I do. / No, I don’t. 不，我听说过。
/是的，我没有听说过。
考点三特殊疑问句1. 疑问词的分类及how的相关疑问词组疑问词疑问代词who 对“人”提问，主格whom 对“人”提问，宾格whose 对“人”提问，属格what 对“物”提问which 对“人”或“物”提问疑问副词where 对“地点”提问when 对“时间”提问why 对“原因”提问how 对“方式”提问how的相关疑问词组how often 对“频率”提问how long 对“长度”提问how far 对“距离”提问how much 对“价钱”提问how many / how much 对“数量”提问how old 对“年龄”提问how soon 对“时间”提问how about 对“意见”提问2. 根据疑问代词和疑问副词所提问的句子成分，特殊疑问句可分为以下句式：特殊疑问句的构成构成及功能例句疑问代词（+ 主语）+ 谓语动词+ 其他? 对句中的主语或主语的定语提问。
对主语提问：Who is on duty? 谁值日？对主语的定语提问：Whose bag is it? 这是谁的书包？疑问词（+名词）+ 一般疑问句语序? 对句中的其他成分提问。
对宾语提问：What are you worrying about?你（们）担心什么？对表语提问：What is your mother?你妈妈是做什么工作的？对状语提问：When do you have breakfast every day? 你每天什么时候吃早饭？【典例精析】1. —__________ do you usually go to school, Simon?—By bike.A. WhenB. HowC. WhatD. Where解析：when什么时候，how怎样，what什么，where在哪里。
根据答语可知，问的是“方式”？答案：B。
2. —__________ does your father go to see your grandmother?—Once a month.A. How longB. How soonC. How often解析：how long 多长；how soon 多久；how often多久一次；根据答语可知，询问的是频率。
答案：C。
考点四选择疑问句说话人提出两种或两种以上情况，要求对方选择其中一种情况回答的问句叫选择疑问句。
选择疑问句中的两种情况用or连接；有两种以上情况时，前面的用逗号隔开，最后两个用or接连。
说话时or之前的部分用升调，or之后的部分用降调。
选择疑问句的句式有两种：一般选择疑问句和特殊选择疑问句。
选择疑问句的构成构成例句一般疑问句+ or + 一般疑问句（常省略与前一个问句相同的部分）? Shall we go today or tomorrow? 我们今天走还是明天走？特殊疑问句+ 选择对象+ or + 选择对象? Which city is bigger, Beijing or New York?北京和纽约哪个城市更大？【典例精析】--__________ film do you prefer, Lost in Thailand or Life of Pi, Madee?—Lost in Thailand. I like comedies because they often make me laugh.A. WhatB. WhateverC. WhoseD. Which解析：what什么，通常对物提问，无限定范围；whatever无论什么；whose谁的；which哪个，通常后接限定范围。
根据句意可知，提问者需要对方进行选择性回答，故应用which进行提问。
答案：D。
考点五反意疑问句反意疑问句由“陈述句+ 附加问句?”构成，用来要求对方证实所陈述之事。
反意疑问句的用法1. 陈述句如果是肯定形式，附加问句则用否定形式。
附加问句的主语必须是与陈述部分的主语在人称、数和词性方面保持一致的人称代词。
He has finished reading this novel, hasn’t he? 他已经看完这本小书了，是吗？2. 陈述句如果是否定形式，附加问句则用肯定形式。
附加问句的系动词、助动词和情态动词要与陈述部分的谓语动词在人称、数和时态上保持一致。
There was no bus last night, so you had to take a taxi, didn’t you?昨天晚上没有公交车了你才乘坐出租车的，是吗？3.回答反意疑问句应遵守一个原则，即无论陈述部分和附加问句是肯定还是否定，肯定回答就用yes（是的），否定回答就用no（不），不应受汉语的干扰。
—You didn’t come here last week, did you? 你上星期没来，是吗？—No, I didn’t. 是的，我没有来。
/ Yes, I did. 不，我来了。
注意：1. 陈述部分有never，hardly，seldom，little，few，nobody，nothing等表示否定含义的词时，附加问句一般用肯定形式。
We can hardly understand her words, can we? 我们几乎不懂她的意思，是吗？2. 陈述部分有由un’，in’，dis’等否定前缀构成的派生词时，附加问句仍用否定形式。
She is unhappy today, isn’t she? 她今天不开心，是吗？3. 陈述部分如果是祈使句的肯定式时，附加问句也要用肯定式，常用shall we或willyou，说话时要用升调，表示请求或征求对方的意见。
What good weather it is! Let’s go out for a picnic, shall we?多好的天气啊！我们出去野餐吧，好吗？4. 陈述部分是there be句型时，附加问句用be there。
There is a tree in front of the building, isn’t there? 那幢楼前有一棵树，是吗？5. 陈述部分的主语为指物的不定代词something，anything，everything等时，附加问句的主语应用it；陈述部分的主语为指人的不定代词somebody，anybody，everybody 时，附加问句的主语可以用he强调个体，用they强调整体，但不可用it。
Something is wrong with your iPad, isn’t it? 你的平板电脑出问题了，是吗？Somebody wants to see you, doesn’t he? 有人要见你，是吗？6. 陈述部分的主语为this，that等时，附加问句的主语应用it；陈述部分的主语为these，those等时，附加问句的主语应用they。
This is a beautiful picture, isn’t it? 这是一幅美丽的画，是吗？Those aren’t apple trees, are they? 那些不是苹果树，是吗？7. 陈述部分的谓语为have时，附加问句的谓语一般要用助动词do，但是当have表示“有”时，也可以用have；当have用在完成时中，其附加问句的谓语动词也用have。
陈述部分的谓语若为had better，则附加问句中的谓语用had。
They have a good time in Guangzhou, don’t they? 他们在广州玩得很开心，是吗？Mary has a new dress, doesn’t / hasn’t she? 玛丽有一条新裙子，是吗？We had better stop talking, hadn’t we? 我们最好停止说话，好吗？8. 陈述部分为I am ...形式时，附加问句应用aren’t I。