13. 专题十三 句子种类及简单句
句子种类与简单句的基本句型用法详解
句子种类与简单句的基本句型用法详解
1.句子种类：
-陈述句：陈述一个事实或声明一个观点。
例如：“我喜欢吃苹果。
”
-疑问句：询问信息、寻求答案。
分为直接疑问句和间接疑问句。
例如：“你喜欢吃苹果吗？”
-祈使句：表示命令、请求、建议等。
例如：“请给我一个苹果。
”
-感叹句：表示强烈的情感或惊讶。
例如：“多么美丽的花啊！”
2.简单句的基本句型：
-主语+谓语：文字中最简单的句子结构，用来陈述、命令或提问。
例如：“他们看电影。
”
-主语+谓语+宾语：宾语接在谓语之后，表示谓语的动作作用于宾语。
例如：“我买了一本书。
”
-主语+谓语+补语：补语是为了完成句子的意义，可以补充主语或宾
语的信息。
例如：“他是一名老师。
”
-主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语：宾语补足语用于补充宾语的信息。
例如：“他们选她为队长。
”
-主语+系动词+表语：系动词用来连接主语和表语，表示主语的状态
或特征。
例如：“他是个聪明的孩子。
”
简单句通过不同的句子种类和基本句型，能够表达不同的含义和情感。
掌握句子种类和基本句型的用法，可以帮助我们更准确、流利地表达意思。
2020年外研版英语中考语法复习专题13 简单句
动词的否定形式+主语?
他,情态动词的肯定形式+主语?
We should get up early, shouldn’t You can’t play the piano, can
we?我们应该早起,不是吗?
you?你不会弹钢琴,是吗?
(2)特殊形式 ①当陈述句中含有表示否定意义的代词或形容词,如nothing, none, no one, nobody, neither, few, little等,或含有表示否定意义的副词never, hardly, seldom等时,附加疑问句只能用肯定形式。 Linda has never been to Beijing, has she? 琳达从没去过北京,是吗? ②当陈述句中有含有否定前缀或后缀(如un-,dis-,-less等)的单词时,附加疑问 句要用否定形式。 He looks unhappy, doesn’t he? 他看上去不高兴,不是吗?
③祈使句的反意疑问句有两种形式:以let’s开头的,附加疑问句用shall we; 其 他形式的祈使句的附加疑问句用will you/won’t you。 Open the window, will you/won’t you? 打开窗户,好吗? ④陈述部分是there be句型时,附加疑问句应用“be there”。 There is a wallet in your car, isn’t there? 有一个钱包在你的车里,不是吗? ⑤陈述部分的主语是this, that时,附加疑问句的主语应用it;陈述部分的主语是 these, those时,附加疑问句的主语应用they。 This is a fantastic film, isn’t it? 这是一部很棒的电影,不是吗?
专题十三 句子种类及简单句
with a peaceful mind. A. has C. is
B. are D. have
专题十三 句子种类及简单句
中考试练
13. —Both Li Lei and Han Meimei ____D____ fond of the TV program A Bite of
China.
—I am also deeply amazed by those delicious food.
专题十三 句子种类及简单句
中考试练
命题点 2 感叹句
(历年单选、完形：9年3考)
中考试练
陕西9年中考真题
7. (2016陕西29题)Volunteers from Lantian Saving Team have saved many
teachers in the mountains.
—____D____ they are! A. How great a man
B. How great men
C. What a great man
D. What great men
专题十三 句子种类及简单句
中考试练
拓展提升
8. —The players in Super Brain can work out difficult problems in a very
short time.
A. is
B. were
C. was
D. are
5. —___H_o_w__m_a_n_y__ people are there in your family? —There are five people in my family.
6. — How old is your brother? —He is twenty years old.
英语语法专题十三 简单句(陈述句、感叹句、疑问句、祈使句)
栏目索引专题十三 简单句(陈述句、感叹句、疑问句、祈使句)总纲目录栏目索引栏目索引考点突破考点一 陈述句及疑问句考点突破陈述句陈述句用来陈述一件事或表达一种看法,有肯定和否定两种形式,句末通常用句号,读降调。
一、陈述句的肯定式结构:主语+谓语+其他。
如:That boy often helps others.那个男孩经常帮助别人。
考点突破栏目索引I went to the cinema yesterday.昨天我去看电影了。
二、陈述句的否定式1.be的否定式(1)be用作系动词时,陈述句结构为:主语+be+not+表语+其他。
如:She is not a teacher.她不是一个老师。
(2)be用作助动词,用于be doing/be going to do/be done等时态或被动语态中,陈述句结构为:主语+be+not+动词的现在分词或过去分词+其他。
如:Jim isn't playing football.吉姆没在踢足球。
The sweater isn't made of wool.这件毛衣不是羊毛做的。
栏目索引考点突破2.助动词、情态动词的否定式Man can't live without water.没有水人类不能生存。
3.除not外,其他否定词也可以构成否定句(1)用no表示,no=not any/a(n)。
如:He has no sisters.=He doesn't have any sisters.他没有姐妹。
(2)never绝不,从来不。
如:I have never seen such a man.我从没见过这样的人。
栏目索引考点突破(3)little,few几乎没有。
如:There are few students in the classroom.教室里几乎没有学生。
(4)no one/nobody 没有人。
如:No one/Nobody is interested in the book.没有人对这本书感兴趣。
中考英语复习专题十三 简单句的基本句型和句子种类
专题十三简单句的基本句型和句子种类,河北五年中考命题规律及趋势考纲要求句子种类：1.陈述句 2.疑问句(一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句)3.祈使句4.感叹句基本句型：1.主语＋系动词＋表语 2.主语＋不及物动词 3.主语＋及物动词＋宾语 4.主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 5.主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语 6.there be句型考查点年份题号题干设置分值陈述句201984 teacher's, she, the, advice, took 1分201884 a cup of, Lucy, me, tea, brought 1分201784 helps, a, good, you, education, succeed 1分201681 picture, is, the, new, three 1分82 it, I, yesterday, draw 1分85 popular, a, is, sing, he 1分201581 ,I, go on, yesterday, a trip 1分82 it, I, was, school trip, first, 1分83 we, happy, sang, on the way 1分疑问句201981 cup, is, where, my 1分201881 ,it, outside, hot, is 1分83 for lunch, we, what, do, have 1分201781 birthday, is, gift, what, your 1分82 you, us, can, ride, give, a 1分祈使句2019 82 luck, wish, good, you 1分2018 82 on time, to, remember, arrive 1分2016 84 that man, among, look at, they 1分感叹句2019 83 day, a, is, what, beautiful, it 1分2018 85 your, beautiful, are, how, kites 1分2015 85 what, we, a, wonder, time, had 1分there be 句型2017 83 five, in our group, there, students, are 1分2016 83 under the tree, some, there are, child 1分2015 84 interesting activity, many, there were 1分河北中考的单项选择通常以简单句形式出现，语句设置多为2个单句，词数为7—11个。
近年高中英语语法考点一遍过第3辑专题十三句子结构和基本句型(new)
专题十三句子结构和基本句型I。
句子成分英语的句子成分主要有六种：即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。
（可以熟记为:主谓宾，定状补）除了这六种主要成分之外，还有＂表语＂和＂同位语＂的说法。
但表语和系动词一起作谓语,因此划分成分时，划分在谓语上.同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语，属于主语或宾语的一部分。
一、主语主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首，通常由名词性的词来充当.可以作主语的词性或语法结构：1. 名词2。
代词 3. 数词4。
不定式 5. 动名词 6. 主语从句等表示。
7。
名词化的形容词（如the rich）在英语中，形容词、副词和介词短语是不能作主语的。
如果它们在句首时，句子可能是倒装句，真正的主语在后面。
On the desk are some books。
(主语是books，所以用are）Down jumps the boy. (主语是the boy,所以用jumps ）Gone are the days. (主语是the days，所以用are）二、谓语谓语由动词充当，说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
谓语的构成如下:简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如：He practices running every morning.He reads newspapers every day。
复合谓语：由情态动词或其他助动词加动词构成.如:You may keep the book for two weeks。
He has caught a bad cold。
My sister is crying over there.I have been waiting for you all the time.I would stay at home all day.Has he come back？He did n't attend the meeting yesterday.由系动词加表语构成。
高职院校单独招生考试英语复习指导通用版第一部分基础知识梳理专题十三简单句专题
复习指南
考点精讲
英语句子分为简单句和复合句。简单句是一个句子中只包含一个主谓结构的句子。组成简单句的各个部 分叫作句子成分，句子成分都是由单词、短语或从句充当的。在一个简单句中，主语和谓语是必不可少的， 而表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语等则是根据表达意思的需要选择使用。其中，谓语决定了句子的整 个结构。不同的谓语会引起不同的结构，这也就决定了整个句子的基本结构，即句型。
考点一 句子的成分
（五） 状语
5. 现在分词短语作状语 例如：Hearing the news, she burst into tears. 听到这个消息，她放声大哭。 6. 过去分词短语作状语 例如： Once published, this book will be popular with the students. 这本书一旦出版，将会受到学生们的欢迎。 7. 从句作状语 例如：Once he says that, he will do it. 一旦他说了，他就会做。（条件状语从句） She always sings as she walks. 她总是一边走一边唱。（时间状语从句） She didn’t come to school because she was ill. 她由于生病没来上学。（原因状语从句） I got up early this morning so that I could catch up with the train. 我今天早上很早起床，以便能赶上火车。(目的状语从句)
考点一 句子的成分
（七） 宾语补足语
宾语补足语用来补充说明宾语的状态、身份或动作，可以由名词、形容词、副词、动词不定式、分词或从 句等来充当。宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语，常用的复合宾语结构为“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足 语”。
简单句与句子种类
句法专题—简单句与句子种类一、简单句定义: 只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)的句子叫简单句。
二、简单句种类：按句子功能，简单句可分为4类：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句（一）陈述句 1．肯定式：I'm going to see a film2．否定式：I'm not going to see a film（二）疑问句(一般疑问句与特殊疑问句)1. 一般疑问句定义：可以用Yes或者No来回答的疑问句是一般疑问句。
一般疑问句读的时候往往要用升调；译成汉语的时候常可以译为“..吗？”构成：由be动词（am，is， are，was， were等）、助动词（do，does，did， have， had 等)或情态动词（can，must，will，may等）时，将其提到句首，句末加上问号即可。
例如：1. Is her sister doing her homework now? Yes she is. / No she isn't．2. Does he work in a bank？Yes he does．/ No he doesn't．3. Can you speak French？Yes I can. / No I can't．2.特殊疑问句：定义：以特殊疑问词开头，对陈述句中的某一部分提出疑问或进行发问的句子。
（常见特殊疑问词：what/who/whose/when/where/which/why/how）构成：特殊疑问词+ be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语+ 其他+ ?例如: ---What class are you in? ---I’m in Class Nine（三）祈使句：定义：表示请求、命令、建议、祝愿、邀请或要求的句子（用于祈使句句首的动词总是用原形，不能用其他形式）构成：1. 肯定祈使句（动词原形开头）1）以系动词be开头的祈使句例如：Be careful when crossing the street.2）以实义动词开头的祈使句例如：Please open your books！3）Let sb do sth祈使句例如：Let Jack waita minute.2.否定祈使句（一般在动词上否定，也可以用否定副词（never）来表示）1）be型（Don’t be +形容词、名词或介词短语）1. Don't be careless!2. Never be late again next time!2）do型（Don’t +动词原形+其他）1. Don't trust him!2. Never do it again!3）Let引起的祈使句有两种否定形式Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其他Let her not playwith fire.! It’s dangerous.Don’t+ let+宾语+动词原形+其他Don't let him go please.（四）感叹句（包括：用法；构成方式；举例）定义：用以表示快乐、痛苦等强烈感情的句子称为感叹句。
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第二部分语法专题突破
专题十三句子种类及简单句
1.(2018上海)The self－driving plane proves to be useful in many ways. ________ smart
invention it is!
A. What
B. What a
C. What an
D. How
2. (2018河南)________ everyone with politeness even those who are very rude to you, not because they are nice, but because you are.
A. Treat
B. Treating
C. Treated
D. To treat
3. (2018重庆A 卷)________ me a chance and I’ll bring you a surprise.
A. Give
B. Giving
C. Gives
D. To give
4. (2018兰州)Neither Tom nor I________ interested in playing WeChat.
A. am
B. is
C. are
D. be
5. (2018重庆A 卷)________ special class we had today! We learned about kung fu.
A. How
B. How a
C. What
D. What a
6. (2018兰州)—________ times have you visited Gansu Science Museum?
—Only once.
A. How often
B. How many
C. How long
D. How soon
7. (2018扬州)—________ does Joanna take the course in DIY?
—Every Saturday afternoon.
A. How long
B. How much
C. How soon
D. How often
8. (2018东营)—________ do you like the Double Eleven Shopping Festival?
—I don’t like it because my mother often buys a lot of things we don’t need.
A. How
B. Why
C. When
D. Where
9. (2018十堰)—I watched the live(直播) NBA game last night. How about you?
—Of course I did. ________ amazing game it was!
A. What an
B. How an
C. What
D. How
10. (2018白银)—All of my classmates have passed the P．E. test.
—________ exciting the news is!
A. How
B. What
C. What an
D. How an
11. (2018贺州)________ weather! Let’s take a trip to Jade Forest Park(玉石林)．
A. What a good
B. How good
C. How a good
D. What good
12. (2018黔南州)Life is like a journey. ________ ahead, and you will see a lot more
beautiful sceneries(风景)．
A. Plan
B. To plan
C. Planning
D. Plans
13. (2018天水)—The number of tourists________ over 33 million this year.
—Yes. A large number of tourists________ so far because of the new look of our city.
A. is, have come
B. is, has come
C. are, has come
D. are, have come
14. (2018乌鲁木齐)There ________ a folk music concert in Xinjiang Opera Theater next
month.
A. is going to have
B. will have
C. is
D. is going to be
15. (2018新疆建设兵团)Both Mike and I________ready for the new high school life.
A. be
B. am
C. is
D. are
16. (2018湘西改编)—Excuse me. Is there a bank near here?
—________. It’s just between my house and a post office.
A. Yes, it is
B. No, there isn’t
C. Yes, there is
D. No, it isn’t
17. (2018湘潭改编)________ a clock on my desk. It wakes me up every day.
A. There are
B. There be
C. There is
D. There have
18. (2019原创)—________ will you ask for help when you are in trouble?
—My parents. I think.
A. Who
B. What
C. Where
D. When
19. (2019原创)— ________ notebook is it? Is it yours?
—No, it isn’t. It must be Anna’s. Her name is on it.
A. Whose
B. Who
C. Whom
D. Which
20. (2019原创)—________ is your school from your home?
—It’s quite near. Only ten minutes’ walk.
A. How many
B. How old
C. How long
D. How far
21. (2019原创)I wonder ________ you are going for a trip in the USA.
A. how often
B. how soon
C. how far
D. how many
参考答案
1. B
2. A
3. A
4. A
5. D
6. B
7. D
8. A
9. A10. A11. D12. A13. A14. D15. D 16. C17. C18. A19. A20. D21. B。