非谓语(分词作半伴随状语)
非谓语
1.定义：非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，在句子中充当除谓语以外的各种句
子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语，即动词的非谓语形式。
2.形式：主要包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词），
3.功能：非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的其他成分。
非谓语动词与
谓语动词是相对的概念。
7.非谓语动词的复合结构
（1）动名词（V-ing）的复合结构: 在V-ing前加上它的逻辑主语，
形式：名词所有格∕形容词性的物主代词+V-ing ，简而言之，
sb’s∕sth’s+ V-ing, 如果动名词的复合结构作宾语时，可以用名词的普格
或代词的宾格做逻辑主语.
eg. His not coming to my party made me a little anxious.
I remember him goin g∕his going ∕Tom going∕Tom’s going there.
（2）不定式的复合结构为：for sb.∕sth. + 不定式
eg. It is a must for us to have a good command of English.
8.非谓语的否定：直接在非谓语之前加否定词not。
eg. I warned him not to be late again.
板块一：不定式、分词作状语的用法
一．不定式、分词作状语的基本原则：不定式、分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一
致。
二．不定式做状语（目的，结果，原因状语等）
1. 目的状语
常用in order t o∕so as to (不用于句首)
Mary took down my telephone number in order not to forget it
2. 结果状语
常用于so…as to, such…as to, enough…to, only to(常表示以外的结果或
事与原违的结果)，too…to等
eg. I am not so stupid as to write it down.
★Jane hurried back only to find her mother dead in the hospital.
I am too tired to stay up longer.
3. 原因状语
形容词或过去分词作表语时，后面常接不定式作状语，表原因，常见的有：happy，
lucky，glad，sorry, proud, surprised, disappointed, delighted, ready,
fortunate 等。
eg: I am very glad to see you.
三．分词做状语
主动被动
一般式
doing being done
（谓语动词同时发生）
完成式
having done having been done
（谓语动词发生之前）
done 表被动，完成，没有一定的时间性
eg. Seeing from the window, we know there is a match.
Seen from the top of the mountain, the house is small.
Having heard of the news, he ran to his home quickly.
Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake.
四．分词做状语的句法功能
分词或分词短语做状语时，可以表示时间，原因，结果，条件，让步，伴随等，为了强调，还可以与while，when，once，if，unless等连词使用
1.When offered help, one often says” Thank you. ” or “It’s very kind of you.”(时间)
2.Be careful while crossing the street. （时间)
3.Separated from other continent for millions of years, Australia has many plants and
animals not found in any other country in the world. (原因)
4.Generally speaking, when taken according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.
(条件)
5.He glanced at her, noting that though she was tiny, she seemed very well. (结果)
6.Having been told many times, he still made the same mistake. (让步)
7.The teacher came into the lab, followed by some students. (伴随)
五．独立成分做状语
有些分词或不定式作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。
常见的有：generally speaking 一般来说，frankly speaking 坦白讲，judging fro m∕by 根据…来判断，considering∕take…into consideration 考虑到…， to tell you the truth 说实话，compared with 与…相比
eg. Judging from his accent, he is from the south.
Considering your health, you had better have a rest.
练习 1. ____, the pay isn’t attractive, though the job itself is quite interesting.
A. Generally speaking
B. On the contrary
C. In particular
D. To be honest
2. ____, the more expensive the camera, the better its quality.
A. General speaking
B. Speaking general
C. Generally speaking
D. Speaking generally
六．独立主格结构
非谓语动词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应和主句的主语保持一致，如果非谓语的
逻辑主语不是主句的主语，我们就要添上相应的逻辑主语，在句子中做状语，我
们称之为独立主格结构。
（一）独立主格结构的特点：1. 独立主格的逻辑主语和主句不同，且独立存在。
2. 独立主格结构中的逻辑主语与后面的分词不定
式等构成逻辑上的主动与被动关系。
3. 独立主格结构用逗号与主句隔开。
、
（二）独立主格结构的构成
1.逻辑主语（名词∕代词）+ 现在分词∕过去分词∕形容词∕副词∕不定式
2.with + 逻辑主语+ 宾补（doing，to do, done, 介词短语等）
eg. The test finished( When the test was finished), we began our holiday.
The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
He came out of the library, with a large book under his arm.
练习 1. The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _______ at the end of last March.
A. has been launched B having been launch
C. being launched
D. to be launched
2. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons
________ for the day.
A. finishing
B. finished
C. had finished
D. were finished。
高考英语非谓语动词作状语的用法 知识点
分考点1 不定式作状语Point 1 做目的状语，意为“为了”，可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。
To pass the college entrance exam, we must work hard.为了通过大学入学考试，我们必须努力学习。
Mike had to shout to make himself heard above the sound of the music.麦克不得不大声说话，以便能在如此大的音乐下被别人听见。
【特别注意】也可用in order to 或so as to 表示目的，但so as to 不能用于句首。
The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers.公交车停下来以便搭载乘客。
He got up early in order to catch the first bus.他早起是为了赶上第一版公交车。
Point 2 作结果状语。
常表示令人意外的结果。
Only/just to do 表示意想不到的结果Enough to do 足够做...Too...to do 太...而不能.....So/such... as to...如此...以至于....I went to see him last night only/ just to find him out.我昨晚去找他。
结果发现他出去了。
（表示出乎意料的结果）Mary is too tired to do the job.玛丽太累了，做不了这项工作。
He is old enough to go to school.他到上学的年龄了。
Point 3 作原因状语。
常用在表示情感或态度的sorry, surprised, disappointed, excited, glad,happy 等形容词后，常用结构为“主语+系动词+形容词+to do”。
Tom was very happy to see his mother.汤姆看到她的妈妈很高兴。
非谓语动词作定语和状语
A A. add B. to add C. adding D. added
3). The disc, digitally ______ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.
A. recorded
B. recording
C. to be recorded D. being recorded
C Figure” award, a title _____ to ordinary
people for their contributions to
environmental protection.
A. being given B. is given
C. given
D. was given
不定式（to do)
②The question _b_e_i_n_g__d_is_c_u_s_s_e(ddiscuss) at the
meeting now is of quite importance.
③The question __t_o_b_e__d_i_s_cu__s_se_d(discuss) at the
meeting tomorrow is of quite importance.
A. are bought
B. bought
C. have been bought D. buying
解析：此题学生最易错选的答案为Ａ或Ｃ。依据上面 陈述，填入Ａ或Ｃ句子都有两个谓语动词，而此 处两个动词并非并列谓语，也不是分别出现在主 从句中，故答案有误。该题正确答案为Ｂ， bought through a computer为一过去分词短语作后 置定语，句中只有一个谓语can be lower than。当 然此题如改为Prices of daily goods which have been bought through…也是正确的，因为这一动 作出现在从句中。
常用非谓语用法大总结
非谓语用法总结一、非谓语动词的含义非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式，其次是这种动词形式不能做谓语，综合这两点，我们将其叫做非谓语动词。
二、非谓语动词的形式非谓语动词包含四种形式,即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。
其中,每种形式按照发生时间和主被动又包括不同的子形式。
具体如下：1.不定式（1）基本形式：to do 表示主动，并且一般表示将来（2）被动式：to be done 表示被动,并且一般表示将来(3）进行式:to be doing 表示主动和进行（4)完成时:to have done 表示主动和完成（5）完成被动式：to have been done 表示被动和完成（6）完成进行式：to have been doing 表示主动和完成进行2。
动名词（1）基本形式：doing 表示主动（2）被动式：being done 表示被动（3)完成式：having done 表示主动和完成（4）完成被动式：having been done 表示被动和完成3.现在分词（1）基本形式：doing 表示主动和进行（2）被动式：being done 表示被动和进行(3）完成式：having done 表示主动和完成（4)完成被动式：having been done 表示被动和完成4.过去分词(1）done，及物动词的过去分词表示被动或完成；（2）不及物动词的过去分词表示主动或完成三、专题要点非谓语动词和独立主格结构主要用法如下:1。
动名词和动词不定式作主语、宾语；2。
只跟动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语;3.只跟动词不定式作宾语的常见动词；4.既可以跟动名词又可以跟动词不定式作宾语，且意义不同的动词或短语；5。
不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语的区别；6。
不定式、现在分词、过去分词作定语时的区别；7。
不定式、现在分词、过去分词作状语时的区别；8。
动名词的复合结构在句中作状语；9.there be 结构的两种非谓语形式；10.独立主格结构在句中作状语；11。
非谓语动词作状语全解讲解
非谓语动词作状语全解不定式和分词作状语的用法一、不定式作状语可以作:1. 主要用作目的状语。
常与 in order to do (为了或 so as to do(以便连用。
so as to 不用于居首。
He got up early in order to catch the first bus. 他早起为了赶上第一班车。
He sat down to have a rest.他坐下来休息。
He went to France to learn French。
他去法国学习法语。
They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan.他们站在路边为的是谈论这个计划。
They stopped to ask the way. 他们停下来问路。
(停下来的目的2.作结果状语。
表示出乎意料的结果。
做结果状语的不定式只能出现在句子的末尾,常见的不定式动词有:to find, to hear, to see, to be told, to form, to give, to make, to produce 等。
He hurried to the station only to find the train gone. 他匆匆忙忙地赶到火车站,发现火车已经开走了。
He woke up to find everybody gone. 他醒来发现大家都走了。
His family was too poor to support him.他的家庭太穷,不能维持他的生活。
The boy is not tall enough to reach the book shelf. 这男孩个子不够高, 手伸不到书架。
He is old enough to go to school. 他到上学年龄了。
He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.他搬起石头砸了自己的脚。
中考英语非谓语动词作伴随状语单选题40题(含答案)
中考英语非谓语动词作伴随状语单选题40题(含答案)1.She sat by the window, looking out at the beautiful garden.Looking out at the beautiful garden is used as an adverbial of accompanying, expressing the action of looking out while sitting. In this sentence, “looking out at the beautiful garden” is a present participle phrase used as an adverbial of accompanying.答案：looking out at the beautiful garden。
解析：现在分词短语looking out at the beautiful garden 在句中作伴随状语，表示“看着窗外美丽的花园”这个动作与“坐在窗边”这个动作同时发生。
现在分词作伴随状语表示主动和正在进行的动作。
2.He walked down the street, singing a song.“Singing a song” is an adverbial of accompanying, indicating the action of singing while walking. In this sentence, “singing a song” is a present participle phrase used as an adverbial of accompanying.答案：singing a song。
解析：现在分词短语singing a song 在句中作伴随状语，表示“唱歌”这个动作与“走在街上”这个动作同时发生。
现在分词作伴随状语表示主动和正在进行的动作。
高考英语总复习语法贯通专题六 非谓语动词
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(2)使役动词 make, let, have, get 后接复合宾语的情况：
do 让……做…… ①make＋宾语＋do宾ne语与让宾…补…为被逻做辑上的主动关系
宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系 The teacher made some students stay in the classroom after school.老师让一些学生放学后待在教室里。 He tried to make himself understood. 他尽量把自己的意思表达清楚了。
In order to pass the exam, he worked hard. 为了通过考试，他努力学习。 (3)作目的状语的动词不定式动作必须是主语发出的。
To learn English well, his father bought him a dictionary.(×)
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命题 点 感悟
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He had the computer working all the night. 他让电脑工作了一夜。 He had his wallet stolen on his way home. 在回家的路上，他的钱包被偷了。
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She got her bike running very fast. 她把自行车骑得飞快。 I'll get my bike repaired tomorrow. 我明天要(请人)修一下我的自行车。
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命题 点 感悟
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单句语法填空 ①(2018·浙江 11 月高考)Larger amounts of caffeine can cause a problem ________ (call) caffeinism. 解析：called problem 与 call 之间是被动关系，故用过去分词 called 作 problem 的后置定语。 ②(2017·浙江 6 月高考)But something made her look closer, and she noticed a ________ (shine) object. 解析：shining 空处作 object 的前置定语，故填 shining。
非谓语动词作定语和状语
A. coving B. covered
C. cover
D. to cover.
D 2). There have been several new events _____
to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.
C. to sit
D. sat
解析：
此题大家易受习惯心理影响选择分词，即
Ａ或Ｂ项，而and实际上作为并列连词并列的
是found及sat两个动作，而非并列providing与
sitting.
B 例2) Prices of daily goods _____ through a computer
can be lower than store prices.
情态动词/助 动词+ v.
He has gone to Shanghai.
You are students. You look smart.
系动词+表语
非谓语：主要包括不定式（to do），ving形式以及 过去分词（done）。无人称，数的变化，不单独作谓 语，但保留动词特点，可以有宾语或状语。
C 1) Some of the experiments ____ in the book
are easy to perform.
A. describing B. to be described
C. described D. to describe
2) It is said that Beijing University was the first
①Their decision to give up the experiment surprised us.
非谓语动词做状语
3. Discuss them with your partners, then answer the following questions and fill them in the form. 1. 非谓语动词的什么形式做状语？ 2. 非谓语动词与主语之间的关系？ 3. 一，二类大题中的非谓语动词与谓语动词 的先后顺序
（四）判动词先后
Following the old man, the young people 1.________ started walking slowly. A.Followed B. Following C. To follow D. Having followed 2.Having ______________ the fruit, the girl became swallowed pregnant and gave a birth to a handsome boy. A.Having swallowed B. Swallowing C. To swallow
主语 谓语 宾
The girl dancing in the hall is Mary. Given more time, I’ll catch up with you.
非谓语动Байду номын сангаас （状语）
观察下列例句, 找出非谓语动词, 并且判断做 什么成分 (时间状语 )
1. Asked why he did it, he said it was his duty. 2. Being ill, he didn’t go to school. (原因状语) 3. Working hard, you will do well in your exams.
非谓语动词，不是做谓语的动词。当句中已经有了谓语 Analyze the sentence：划分句子结构 动词，并且句中没有连词时，需要用非谓语动词了。
非谓语(分词作半伴随状语)
父亲曾告诫我的话：道德只是个简单 的是与非的问题，但是实践起来却很难。 要是人们从小受到像把钓到的大鲈鱼放回 湖中这样严格的教育的话，就会获得道德 实践的勇气和力量。
一是道德是非说起来容易做起来难。
二是必须从小时候开始，处处严格教 育，事事严格要求，才能成为有道德 的人。
为什么父亲放鱼的态度如 此坚决，他这样做对不对 呢？
道德只是个简单的是与 非的问题，实践起来却很难。 把钓到的大鲈鱼放回湖中， 一个人要是从小受到这样严 格的教育的话，就会获得道 德实践的勇气和力量。
在学校：考试，老师多给了分数，你…… 选举班干部，看到有的同学找人帮忙， 你…… 在公共场所：买东西时，售货员多找了钱 给你，你…… 回家路上 ，你拣到一件自己喜欢的玩具， 你……
思考:
• 1 作者钓到鲈鱼的心情怎样？从哪些 句子可以看出来。 • 2 “我”为什么不愿意把鲈鱼放回湖里？ 用“~~”画出有关句子。体会”我“的 心情有何变化。 • 3父亲的态度是什么？从文中找出词语 来概括。父亲为什么要这么做？
• 父亲：孩子，你得把它放回湖里去。 • 我 ： 爸爸，为什么？ 急切
得意 委屈
急切
乞求 依依不舍
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“我”不愿意放鱼的原因是
1、这条鱼是“我”好不容易才钓到的。
2、鲈鱼这么大，这么美，很诱惑人。 3、周围没有人，不会受到限制和批评。
父亲要求“我” 把鱼放回湖中 的真正用意是 什么？
从父亲那 不容争辩的声 音中，我清楚 地知道，父亲 的话是没有商 量的余地的。 我慢慢地把鱼 钩从大鲈鱼的 嘴唇上取下来 ，依依不舍地 把它放回到湖 里去。
13 钓鱼的启示
1、能正确、流利、有感情地朗读课文。 2、抓住关键的词句，体会作者的心理变化。 3、理解父亲告诫我的话。
中考英语非谓语动词作伴随状语单选题40题
中考英语非谓语动词作伴随状语单选题40题1.She sat by the window, reading a book.A.readingB.readsC.to readD.read答案：A。
本题考查非谓语动词作伴随状语。
reading 表示主动进行，在这里说明她坐在窗边的同时正在读书。
reads 是谓语动词形式，不能作伴随状语。
to read 表示目的，不符合语境。
read 形式不对，前面有be 动词的时候，read 的现在分词形式reading 才可以作伴随状语。
2.He walked along the street, singing happily.A.singingB.singsC.to singD.sang答案：A。
singing 在这里作伴随状语，表示他边走边高兴地唱歌。
sings 是谓语动词形式。
to sing 表示目的。
sang 是谓语动词过去式，不能作伴随状语。
3.The girl stood there, looking at the beautiful flowers.A.lookingB.looksC.to lookD.looked答案：A。
looking 表示主动进行，女孩站在那里的同时看着美丽的花朵。
looks 是谓语动词形式。
to look 表示目的。
looked 是谓语动词过去式，不能作伴随状语。
4.The boy lay on the grass, watching the clouds.A.watchingB.watchesC.to watchD.watched答案：A。
watching 作伴随状语，男孩躺在草地上的同时看着云。
watches 是谓语动词形式。
to watch 表示目的。
watched 是谓语动词过去式，不能作伴随状语。
5.She ran into the room, smiling brightly.A.smilingB.smilesC.to smileD.smiled答案：A。