现在分词作状语有几种形式
现在分词短语作状语
现在分词短语作状语一、时间状语1.分词动作一发生，谓语动作紧跟着发生，这时用现在分词的一般式作时间状语，其逻辑主语为句中的主语。
常用的动词，如：hear, see, arrive, return, get to, look, open, close, leave, turn around, walk等，表示一个极短暂动作。
此种情况可以换作on+动名词，表示相同的意思。
译作"一（刚）……就……"。
此种情况也可以换作是when引导的时间状语从句，该从句的动词多用一般过去时表示。
如：Hearing their teacher's voice, the pupils stopped talking at once.（= On hearing their teacher's voice… = When they heard their teacher's voice, the pupils…）一听到教师的声音，学生们立即停止讲话。
2.谓语动作发生在分词所表示的动作过程之中，则用when /while+现在分词的一般式，分词的逻辑主语为句中的主语。
此种情况可以用in+动名词的一般式代替。
也可以换作when、while引导的时间状语从句，该从句的谓语动词用进行时态。
如：Don't be careless when /while having an exam. = Don't be careless in having an exam. = Don't be careless when / while you are having an exam. 考试时不要粗心。
注：此结构中，不能用其他连接词替换when或while。
3.分词所表示的动作完成之后，谓语动作才发生，则要现在分词的完成式，即having done 的形式。
分词的逻辑主语应是句中的主语。
现在分词作状语英语
英语现在分词作状语现在分词具有动词的一些特征，所以现在分词也有时态与语态的变化，同时它又具有形容词和副词的句法功能，所以分词在句中可以充当表语、定语、补语与状语的功能作用。
(一）现在分词的形式（以动词do为例）（二）作状语1)表时间(When) Crossing the street, the old man was run over by a car.Having done his homework,he went out for a walk.2）表原因Not knowing Chinese, he couldn’t understand what I said.3）表条件(If ) Working hard, you will be successful some day.4）表让步(Though) working hard, he didn’t obtain the scholarship.5）表方式或伴随状态They went to the nature park, singing and talking6）结果The boy dropped the cup, breaking it into pieces.（三）与状语从句互换分词作状语当表时间、原因、条件、让步时可以与状语从句互换（分词作状语就相当于一个状语从句）1）表时间Crossing the street（=When the old man was crossing）, the old man was run over by a car.Having done his homework(After he had done his homework ),he went out for a walk.2）表原因Not knowing Chinese(=Because he didn’t know Chinese ), he couldn’t understand what I said.3）表条件Working hard( If you work hard ), you will be successful some day.4）表让步Working hard (Though he worked hard) , he didn’t obtain the scholarship.5）表方式或伴随状态They went to the nature park, singing and talking （不好互换）6）表结果The boy dropped the cup, breaking it into pieces. （不好互换）注意问题：1.要熟练掌握现在分词的四种表达形式。
现在分词用作状语(九类)
现在分词用作状语（九类）现在分词用作状语（九类）现在分词作状语时，可以表示谓语动作的时间、原因、条件、让步、方式、伴随、目的、程度和结果。
比如:(1) 作时间状语Being given a chance, she immediately jumped at it. 给了她这个机会，她立刻抓住。
Seeing the police, he made a run for the exit. 一看到警察他就向出口奔去。
Passing the place, my sense of oppression increased. 经过那地方，我的压抑感便越发厉害。
(2) 作原因状语Being well taken care of, she recoveredquickly.() 她受到很好的照顾，身体恢复得很快。
Writing hurriedly as she was, she didn’t notice the spelling errors. 因为写得仓促，她没有注意其中的拼写错误。
Stepping carelessly off the pazement, he was knocked down by the bus. 他不小心离开了人行道，被公共汽车撞倒了。
(3) 作条件状语Being advised to talk less, Mary keeps silent while we talk. 要是叫她少说点，当我们说话的时候，玛丽就会保持沉默。
It will take you half an hour to get to the station, allowing for traffic delays. 把路上的耽搁算进去，你要用半小时才能到车站。
Being defeated in every battle, the enemy will soon surrender. 要是敌人每场战斗都被打败，那他们就会投降。
现在分词作状语
1. 形式主动形式被动形式一般时doing being done完成时having done having been done否定形式：直接在现在分此前加not2.各形式的意义1)现在分词一般形式表示与谓语动作同时发生。
We walked along the river bank, talking and laughing.2)现在分词完成时表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。
Having finished the work, she got ready to go shopping.3)现在分词的被动形式a) 一般时：分词与谓语动作同时发生的被动动作The question being discussed is of great importance.b)完成时：分词先于谓语动作之前发生的被动动作Having been seriously hurt in the accident, he had to be taken to hospital immediately.3.功能: 作状语(现在分词可以做时间，条件，结果，让步，方式等状语，相当于相应的状语从句。
)1)伴随状语：分词等于and连接两个句子The children ran out of the classroom. They laughed and talked happily.The children ran out of the classroom，and they laughed and talked happily.The children ran out of the classroom, laughing and talking happily.2)原因状语。
相当于since引导的状语从句She saw nobody at home. She decided to leave them a note.Since she saw nobody at home, she decided to leave them a note.Seeing nobody at home, she decided to leave them a note.We don’t know her address. We couldn't get in touch with her.Since we don’t know her address, we couldn't get in touch with her.Not knowing her address, we couldn't get in touch with her.3) 时间状语,相当于when引导的状语从句He saw those pictures. He couldn’t help thinking of those unforgettable days in the war.When he saw those pictures, he couldn’t help thinking f those unforgettable days in the war.Seeing those pictures, he couldn’t help thinking of those unforgettable days in the war.4) 条件状语相当于if等引导的条件状语从句，常位于句首Y ou work hard. Y ou will succeed.If you work hard, you will succeed.Working hard, you will succeed.5) 结果状语现在分词表示必然的结果The accident happened last night. The accident caused three deaths.The accident happened last night, and the accident caused three deaths. The accident happened last night, causing three deaths.注意1：不是每个状语从句都能用现在分词替换只有当分词和句子的主语一致时，才能用分词替换．After the class is over, the children went back home.When he saw those pictures, he couldn’t help thinking f those unforgettable days in the war.注意2：现在分词作状语时，分词和句子的主语一定要有逻辑上的主谓关系（主动）We are sitting here, making notes.make的动作由主语we发出注意3: 如果分词作状语时其逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，则在分词结构前加逻辑主语，构成分词的独立主格结构When all the guests have arrived, the meeting was declared open.All the guests having arrived,the meeting was decleared open.注意4: 现在分词独立成分的特殊使用：generally speaking(一般来说);frankly speaking(坦白的说);exactly speaking(严密/确切的说);judging from/by…(根据～判断);Generally speaking,girls are more interested in leterature than boys. Judging from her accent,she must come from Arabian countries.。
现在分词作状语
4. Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, _____ supplies to Yushu, Qinghai Province after the earthquake. (福建2010) A. sending B. to send C. having sent D. to have sent
Having been translated ______________________into many languages, the book was widely read all over the world. ( translate ) Having finished _____________his homework , he went to bed. ( finish )
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Practice
单句改错
1. Having not seen the film, I can’t tell you what I think of it. Not having 2. The men worked for extra hours got an extra pay. working 3. Seen from the top of the hill, we find the city more beautiful. Seeing 4. Generally speak, facial expressions are helpful communications, too. speaking
5. “Can’t you read?” the man said, angrily pointed to the notice on the wall. pointing 6. Knocking at the door before entering, please. Knock 7. European football is played in 80 countries, made it the most popular sport in the world. making
现在分词作状语
常
见 •Lost in thought ,….
Compared with Shanghai,…. 分 Encouraged by his words,…. 词 Aborbed in a novel,…… Caught in the rain,…. Seated in the back,…. Seriously injured in the leg,…..
D
Practice :
3. _________ the last bus , he had to go home by taxi. A Not catching B Catching not C Having not caught D Not having caught
D
Practice :
4. ________ at night , the cry of the wolf made everyon ________. A Hearing … frightening B Hearing ….frightened C Heard…..frightening D Heard….frightened
doing/ done having done/ having been done
分词或分词短语作状语时， 时间， 分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间， 原因，让步，条件， 原因，让步，条件，方式或伴随状语。 通常可以转换成相应的状语从句。
时间状语
When I saw the professor, I said hello to him.= Seeing _____________the professor , I said hello to him.= When _________ the professor, I said Seeing hello to him.
现在分词作状语-过去分词作状语-表语-宾补-定语
V-ing（此刻分词）作状语v-ed/done(过去分词 )作状语，表语，定语，宾补一．此刻分词的形式形式主动形被动形式否认形式式一般式doing being notdone doing/beingdone达成式having having notdone been done having(been)done二．此刻分词作状语辨析：动词的 -ing形式和动词不定式作结果状语的差别。
句子功能例句1.作时间状语，相当于Crossing the road,the old man was knocked over by awhen,while,as,after 等指引car.=When he was crossing the road,the old man was 的时间状语从句knocked over by a car.2.作原由状语，相当于Having eaten too much,he couldn 't go to sleep.=Because heas,because,since等指引的原had eaten too much,he couldn't go to sleep.因状语从句3.作条件状语，相当于Using your head,you'll find a good way. =If you use yourif,once,unless等指引的条件head, you'll find a good way.状语从句4. 作方式或陪伴状语，相当于Four people entered the room looking around in a curiousand 连结的并列谓语动词。
way. =Four people entered the room and looked around ina curious way.5. 作结果状语，可扩展为有并It rained heavily,causing flooding in that city.=It列谓语的句子。
现在分词做伴随状语
大家来找茬：1. She s Nhomakorabeat at the desk, and reading a newspaper.
2. He said it angrily, pointed at the notice on the wall.
现在分词做伴随状语在作文中的应用
找出现在分词做伴随状语的句子：
On the Lunar New Year Eve, we all gather together, having a big family reunion dinner. Then follows the Spring Gala, in the evening the whole family are sitting together, watching TV, when many a star will turn up on the stage, bringing us so much pleasure that we are drowned in admiring their performances. Meanwhile, many people stay up all the night, playing all kinds of games.
Thank you
如何写出一个现在分词做伴随状语的句子:
例句：许多人一整晚熬夜不睡，玩各种各样的游戏 1. Many people stay up all the night Many people play all kinds of games.
2. Many people stay up all the night and play all kinds of games.
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当分词的动作是由主语发出，而 且发生在谓语动作之前，则用分 词的完成形式．
Having finished the class, she went home.
=After she finished the class…
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1.现在分词何时用一般形式?
⑴当分词的动作是由主语发出，而且 和谓语动词同时发生，则用分词的一 般形式．
He was ill and didn’t attend the meeting.
=Being ill, he didn’t attend the meeting.
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⑵如果分词表示的是一个极短暂的动 作,这动作一发生,谓语表示的动作立 即发生,也用分词的一般形式.
Having been praised for his job, Tom worked harder.
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现在分词作状语相当于状语从 句可表时间，原因，方式，伴 随情况，结果或条件等
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(1)相当于原因状语从句
a. Being ill, she didn’t g to school today.
=As she is ill, … b. Having seen the film ,he didn’t
现在分词作状语有几种形式
现在分词作状语有四种形式 1.一般形式，由动词原形＋ing构成． 2.完成形式，由having+过去分词． 3.进行被动式：由being＋过去分词 4.完成被动式：由having been＋过去
分词构成
现在分词的否定式是在一般式和完成式的 前面加not (never)
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(5)表示条件 If playing all day ,you will
waste your valuable time.
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注意1：不是每个状语从句都能用 分词替换
只有当分词的逻辑主语是句子 的主语时，才能用分词替换．
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We are sitting here, making notes. make的动作由主语我们 发出
C. Making B. makes 现C在.分ma词d表e 结D.果to状m语ake
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3. “Can’t you read?” Mary said ___A____ to the notice.
A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily point D. and angrily pointing
go to the cinema with them. =Because he had seen the film ,…
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（2）相当于时间状语从句
Turning around (=When she turned around), she saw an ambulance driving up.
=If we judge…
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Generally speaking, every spy has a contact.
Considering his age, he was helped by the young fellow.
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高考链接
1.The secretary worked late into the night, _B____a long speech for the president.
Time permitting, I’ll call on you this Sunday.
He entering the office, a letter was found on the ground.
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分词作状语时,在少数情况下,其逻辑 主语与句子的主语不一致,分词用来 修饰全句
Judging from his accent, he seemed to be from Hunan province.
A. To prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing 现在分词作伴随状语
B. 2.European football is played in 80 countries, ___A___ it the most popular sport in the world.
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(3)表示行为方式，伴随情况或 补充说明等
The students went away, running and laughing.
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(4)表示结果
a. The old man died, leaving nothing but debts.
b. we hurried to school ,finding there were no students in the school.
Being scolded by his mother, the boy hung his head. Scold 的动作由the boy承受
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注意2：如果分词和句子没有 逻辑上的主谓关系，则不能用 单个的分词作状语，可以用分 词的独立主格结构或状语从 句．
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现在分词的独立结构为名词或代 词＋分词，名词或代词是分词的 逻辑主语
现在分词作伴随状语
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4. __C__ a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having
received D. Having not received 作原因状语
现在分词作原因状语，分词结构中否 定词通常放在现在分词前面。
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3.现在分词何时用进行被动式？
当分词的动作由主语承受，而且 分词的动作与谓语动词同时发生 时．
Being criticized by the employer, the new employee hung his head.
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4.现在分词何时用完成的被动式？ 当分词表示的动作在谓语所表示 的动作之前发生，且分词表示的 动作由主语承受．