浙江省2016年高考英语二轮复习 科普知识阅读理解(1)
科普知识阅读理解（1）
科普知识（阅读理解）
由 (2013新课标全国Ⅰ,B)改编
The baby is just one day old and has not yet left hospital.She is quiet but alert (警觉).Twenty centimeters from her face researchers have placed a white card with two black spots on it.She stares at it carefully.A researcher removes the card and replaces it by another,this time with the spots differently spaced.As the cards change from one to the other,her gaze(凝视) starts to lose its focus—until a third,with three black spots,is presented.Her gaze returns:she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card.Can she tell that the number two is different from three,just 24 hours after coming into the world?
Or do newborns simply prefer more to fewer? The same experiment,but with three spots shown before two,shows the same return of interest when the number of spots changes.Perhaps it is just the newness? When slightly older babies were shown cards with pictures of objects(a comb,a key,an orange and so on),changing the number of objects had an effect separate from changing the objects themselves.Could it be the pattern that two things make,as opposed to three? No again.Babies paid more attention to squares moving randomly on a screen when their number changed from two to three,or three to two.The effect even crosses between senses.Babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three drumbeats than when they heard just two;likewise(同样地) when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots.
1.The experiment described in Paragraph 1 is related to the baby’s .
A.sense of hearing
B.sense of sight
C.sense of touch
D.sense of smell
2.Babies are sensitive to the change in .
A.the size of cards
B.the colour of pictures
C.the shape of patterns
D.the number of objects
3.Why did the researchers test the babies with drumbeats?( )
A.To reduce the difficulty of the experiment.
B.To see how babies recognize sounds.
C.To carry their experiment further.
D.To keep the babies’ interest.
4.Where does this text probably come from?( )
A.Science fiction.
B.Children’s literature.
C.An advertisement.
D.A science report.
语篇解读:本文为说明文。研究人员通过一系列试验,检验婴儿对数量变化的敏感程度,发现当数量发生变化时,婴儿会变得更加兴奋。
答案及剖析:1.B 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“She stares at it carefully.”和“Her gaze returns”可知,该试验主要针对的是婴儿的视觉(sense of sight)。
2.D细节理解题。根据第一段中的“until a third,with three black spots,is presented.Her gaze returns:she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card.”可知,当图片上物体的数量发生变化时,婴儿注视图片的时间增加了一倍。由此可知,婴儿对物体数量的变化非常敏感。
3.C 推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可知,研究者变换了对婴儿的刺激方式,是为了更深入地进行研究。故选C项。
4.D 推理判断题。本文介绍了对婴儿进行的试验、试验的经过、结果等,因此本文可能来自于一份科学报告。故选D项。
【长难句子分析】
当正方形上的数字由两个变成三个或由三个变成两个时,婴儿就更多地注意屏幕上任意移动的正方形。
阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。【2013·江西临川一中压轴考试】
Since we are social beings，the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our interpersonal relationships.One strength of the human conditions is our possibility to give and receive support from one another under stressful (有压力的) conditions.Social support consists of the exchange of resources among people based on their interpersonal ties.Those of us with strong support systems appear better able to deal with major life changes and daily problems.People with strong social ties live longer and have better health than those without such ties.Studies over types of illnesses，from depression to heart disease，show that the presence of social support helps people defend themselves against illness，and the absence of such support makes poor health more likely.
Social support cushions stress in a number of ways.First，friends，relatives and co-workers may let us know that they value us.Our self-respect is strengthened when we feel accepted by others in spite of our faults and difficulties.Second，other people often provide us with informational support.They help us to define and understand our problems and find solutions to them.Third，we typically find social companionship supportive.Taking part in free-time activities with others helps us to meet our social needs while at the same time distracting (转移注意力) us from our worries and troubles.Finally，other people may give us instrumental support—money aid，material resources，and needed services—that reduces stress by helping us resolve and deal with our problems.
1．Interpersonal relationships are important because they can________.
A．deal with life changes
B．smooth away daily problems
C．make people live more easily
D．cure types of illnesses
2．The researches show that people’s physical and menta l health________.
A．has much to do with the amount of support they get from others
B．lies in the social medical care systems which support them
C．depends on their ability to deal with daily worries and troubles
D．is related to their courage for dealing with major life changes.
3．Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “cushions”？A．takes place of B．makes up of
C．lessens the effect of D．gets rid of
4．Helping a sick neighbor with some repair work in spare time is an example of________. A．instrumental support
B．informational support
C．social companionship
D．the strengthening of self-respect
5．What is the subject discussed in the text?
A．Effects of stressful conditions.
B．Kinds of social support.
C．Ways to deal with stress.
D．Interpersonal relationships.
语篇解读本文是一篇议论文。文章主要阐述了我们是社会性的动物，所以我们的生活质量很大程度上取决于人际关系。
1．解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“to deal with major life changes and daily problems...Studies over types of illnesses”可知，A、B、D三项的内容只是问题的一部分，都比较片面。
答案： C
2．解析：细节理解题。researches和studies都是研究的意思，根据第一段的最后一句话中“Studies over types of illnesses，from depression to heart disease，show that the presence of social support helps people defend themselves against illness，and the absence of such support makes poor health more likely.”可知A项正确。B、C两项在文中没有提及，而D选项只提到了life changes，内容太片面。
答案： A
3．解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段最后一句“...the presence of social support helps people defend themselves against...”可知，画线词所在句子的句意为：社会支持以许多方式减轻压力。take place of代替；make up of构成，组成；lessen the effect of减少影响，免受影响；get rid of摆脱，除掉，去掉。
答案： C
4．解析：细节理解题。在最后一段中，作者给出了几种不同的support。第一种是“friends，relatives and co-workers may let us know that they value us.”即从朋友、亲戚和同事那获得的支持；第二种是“other people often provide us with informational support.”
即别人为我们提供的信息帮助和支持；第三种是“we typically find social companionship supportiv e.Taking part in free-time activities with others...”即社会关系或友情中得到的支持或帮助；最后一种是“other people may give us instrumental support”即别人给我们提供的实质性支持。
答案： C
5．解析：主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中“Since we are social beings，the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our interp ersonal relationships.”可知，D项正确。
答案：D。
阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。(2014·威海高考模拟)
A dentist’s office may not be everyone’s idea of a perfect holiday destination.But a growing number of Europeans are travelling abroad for medical treatment to save money，or maybe to combine a visit to the doctor with some sightseeing，creating a potential but fast-growing market for traditional tour operators.
“It was simply cheaper for me to go to a dentist in Hungary，” said a 42-year-old physical therapist from Berlin.He chose the clinic near Budapest from an Internet advertisement，attracted by hundreds of euros in savings compared with the same treatment in Germany.He was happy to find when he got there that the clinic was clean，the staff qualified and the work thorough.
People travel abroad for medical treatment for various reasons：it’s cheaper，they face a long wait at home，or the treatment they want is not available in their own country.The British-based Medical Tourist Company refers about 100 patients a ye ar to hospitals in India for treatments.And Chief Executive Premhar Shah reports rapid growth in demand from customers in Africa，where it can be harder to find well-equipped medical facilities for complex surgeries.
Some patients who have immigrated may prefer to return to be close to their families when they undergo surgery.“People will want to take the opportunity to seek treatment in places where they have relatives who might be able to look after them.I’m seeing that especially with younger people from eastern Europe，” said a professor at the
University of Oxford.
For some，there is the attraction of free treatment abroad.British law-makers have called for tighter checks on patients arriving for treatment，out of concerns that foreign citizens are travelling to Britain to take advantage of the free service. The global medical tourism market is believed to be worth $40 billion to $60 billion and growing at about 20 percent per year.
1．The 42-year-old physical therapist was satisfied with________in Hungary.
A．the price instead of the service
B．the service instead of the price
C．both the price and the service
D．neither the price nor the service
2．How many reasons are mentioned to explain why people go abroad for medical treatment? A．Four. B．Five.
C．Six. D．Seven.
3．According to the article，________for medical treatment.
A．more Africans want to travel abroad
B．more Europeans want to travel to Africa
C．more Britons want to travel to India
D．no one would come to Great Britain
4．Young people from eastern Europe return to their mother countries for surgery in order to________.
A．get cheaper medical service
B．be looked after by relatives
C．have better medical treatment
D．enjoy free medical treatment
5．What does the article mainly talk about?
A．Overseas sightseeing. B．Hospital treatment.
C．Medical tourism. D．Travelers’ health problems.
语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章对发展潜力巨大的“医疗旅游业(medical tourism)”进行了简要介绍。
1．解析：细节理解题。根据第二段内容特别是第二段第一句“It was simply cheaper for me...in Hungary”和最后一句“He was happy...the clinic was clean，the staff qualified and the work through.”可知，他对匈牙利医院的收费和服务都相当满意。
答案： C
2．解析：细节理解题。根据第二至五段内容可知，吸引人们去国外就医涉及以下五方面的原因：收费低，甚至免费、医疗设施健全、医生资质高、等候时间短、环境干净。
答案： B
3．解析：推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“...in Africa，where it can be harder to find well-equipped medical facilities for complex surgeries.”可知，在非洲很难找到做复杂手术的精良设备。因此推知，将会有更多的人去国外就医。
答案： A
4．解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第一、二句“Some patients...prefer to return to be close to their families...be able to look after them.”可知，答案选B。
答案： B
5．解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文就“医疗旅游”进行了介绍说明。
答案： C
2020届高考英语一轮阅读理解热门话题针对训练-科教科普类(1)
科教科普类 1、You can remember the face, but can‘t put a name to it. Many of us have been caught in this embarrassing situation. But researchers say it is often easier to remember someone's name than what they look like. Twenty-four volunteers were shown 40 pictures of strangers, paired with random(随机的) names. They were given time to memorize the faces and names before being tested on which they thought they had seen before. The participants could remember up to 85 per cent of the names but only 73 per cent of the faces. When they were shown a different picture of the same person, the participants could recall only 64 per cent of faces, according to the study, led by the University of York. That may be because faces are only recognized visually, while names can be both spoken and written down so appear in our visual and audio memory. When people were shown famous people, they also remembered their names more accurately than their photographs. Co-author Dr Rob Jenkins, from the university's psychology department, said, "Our study suggests that, while many people may be bad at remembering names, they are likely to be even worse at remembering faces. This will surprise many people as it is against our initial understanding. Our life experiences with names and faces have misled us about how our minds work." Remembering names gets harder with age, leading to many uncomfortable moments for middle-aged people when they run into acquaintances. But to study whether names are harder to recall than faces, the researchers, whose findings are published in the Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, used a “fair test” where the participants were presented with strangers’ names and faces. 1.What can we know according to the research in Paragraph 3? A.It is certain that names are harder to recall than faces. B.Remembering names is more easily than remembering faces.
2016年高考英语全国卷2及答案
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(英语)高考英语阅读理解(科普环保)解题技巧讲解及练习题(含答案)
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2016年高考英语全国Ⅰ卷试题及答案
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2016年浙江卷高考英语真题及答案
2016年浙江卷高考英语真题及答案核准通过，归档资料。 未经允许，请勿外传～ 2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(浙江卷) 英语试题 选择题部分(共80分) 第一部分:英语知识应用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节:单项填空(共20小题，每小题0.5分，满分10分) 从A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。 1. ---I am going to Spain fort a holiday soon. --- ______. A. I t’s my pleasure B. Never mind C. Leave it alone D. Good for you 2. The paper is due next month, and I am working seven days ______ week, often long into______night. A. a; the B. the; 不填 C. a; a D. 不填;the 3. An average of just 18.75cm of rain fell last year, making ______ the driest year since California became a state in 1850. A. each B. it C. this D. one 4. Joe is proud and ______, never admitting he is wrong and always looking for someone else to blame.
【英语】高三英语阅读理解(科普环保)题20套(带答案)
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2016年高考全国2卷英语试题及答案
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一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 Most adults find it hard to recall events from their first few years of life and now scientists have found exactly when these childhood memories fade(消失). A new study has found that most three-year-olds can recall a lot of what happened to them over a year earlier, and these memories persist while they are five and six, but by the time they are over seven, these memories decline(衰退) rapidly. Most children by the age of eight or nine can only recall 35% of their experiences from under the age of three, according to the new findings. The scientists behind the research say this is because at around this age the way we form memories begins to change. They say that before the age of seven children do not have a sense of time and place in their memories. In older children, however, the early events they can recall tend to be more adult-like in the way they are formed. Children also have a far faster rate of forgetting than adults. The findings also help to explain why children can often have clear memories of events but then forget them just a couple of years later. The youngsters first visited the laboratory at the age of three and discussed six unique events from their past, such as family outings, trips to the zoo, and the first day of school. The children then returned for a second session between the ages of five and nine to discuss the same events. The researchers found that between the ages of five and seven, the amount of memories the children could recall remained between 63 -72 percent. However, the amount of information eight-to nine-year-old children could recall dropped to 35 and 36 percent. （1）What does the new study tell us? A.Childhood memories decline with years. B.Three-year-old kids are the cleverest. C.Childhood memories can fade easily. D.Some adults cannot recall past events. （2）What does the underlined word "persist" in Paragraph 2 mean? A.Change. B.Remain. C.Appear. D.Return. （3）What can we learn from Paragraph 4? A.Adults cannot have clear memories of past events. B.Children can think like adults when they get older. C.Children under 7 years old have different ways of forming memories. D.Children often forget things because they have no idea of time or place. （4）In the second session, nine-year-old children _________. A.refused to discuss the same events B.remembered all their family outings C.could recall 72 percent of their past events
2016年6月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 英语(浙江卷)
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