计算机结构 英文 PPT 教案 PART 1 第一部分
Programming language, compiler, architecture
Processor and memory system
I/O system (including OS)
Determines how fast I/O operations are executed
Chapter 1 — Computer Abstractions and Technology — 6
Non-volatile secondary memory
Magnetic disk Flash memory Optical disk (CDROM, DVD)
Chapter 1 — Computer Abstractions and Technology — 17
Networks
Chapter 1 — Computer Abstractions and Technology — 12
Opening the Box
Chapter 1 — Computer Abstractions and Technology — 13
Inside theMarket
Chapter 1 — Computer Abstractions and Technology — 4
What You Will Learn
How programs are translated into the machine language
And how the hardware executes them
System software
Handling input/output Managing memory and storage Scheduling tasks & sharing resources
Hardware
Processor, memory, I/O controllers
Chapter 1 — Computer Abstractions and Technology — 18
Technology Trends
Electronics technology continues to evolve
Increased capacity and performance Reduced cost
The hardware/software interface What determines program performance
And how it can be improved
How hardware designers improve performance What is parallel processing
Technology Vacuum tube Transistor Integrated circuit (IC) Very large scale IC (VLSI) Ultra large scale IC
DRAM capacity
Year 1951 1965 1975 1995 2005
Relative performance/cost 1 35 900 2,400,000 6,200,000,000
Makes novel applications feasible
Computers are pervasive
Chapter 1 — Computer Abstractions and Technology — 2
Classes of Computers
Desktop computers
Hardware representation
§1.3 Under the Covers
Components of a Computer
The BIG Picture
Same components for all kinds of computer
Desktop, server, embedded User-interface devices
Inside the Processor
AMD Barcelona: 4 processor cores
Chapter 1 — Computer Abstractions and Technology — 15
Abstractions
The BIG Picture
Abstraction helps us deal with complexity
Chapter 1 — Computer Abstractions and Technology — 19
§1.4 Performance
Defining Performance
Which airplane has the best performance?
Boeing 777 Boeing 747 BAC/Sud Concorde Douglas DC-8-50 0 100 200 300 400 500 Boeing 777 Boeing 747 BAC/Sud Concorde Douglas DC8-50 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Hide lower-level detail The hardware/software interface
Instruction set architecture (ISA)
Application binary interface
The ISA plus system software interface The details underlying and interface
General purpose, variety of software Subject to cost/performance tradeoff Network based High capacity, performance, reliability Range from small servers to building sized
Chapter 1 — Computer Abstractions and Technology — 5
Understanding Performance
Algorithm
Determines number of operations executed Determine number of machine instructions executed per operation Determine how fast instructions are executed
Datapath: performs operations on data Control: sequences datapath, memory, ... Cache memory
Small fast SRAM memory for immediate access to data
Chapter 1 — Computer Abstractions and Technology — 14
Chapter 1 — Computer Abstractions and Technology — 11
Through the Looking Glass
LCD screen: picture elements (pixels)
Mirrors content of frame buffer memory
LED illuminates desktop Small low-res camera Basic image processor
Looks for x, y movement
Buttons & wheel
Supersedes roller-ball mechanical mouse
Input/output includes
Display, keyboard, mouse Hard disk, CD/DVD, flash For communicating with other computers
Storage devices
Network adapters
Chapter 1 — Computer Abstractions and Technology — 9
Assembly language
Textual representation of instructions
Binary digits (bits) Encoded instructions and data
Chapter 1 — Computer Abstractions and Technology — 8
§1.2 Below Your Program
Below Your Program
Application software
Written in high-level language Compiler: translates HLL code to machine code Operating System: service code
Chapter 1 — Computer Abstractions and Technology — 16
Implementation
合集下载
计算机英语课件-p1.1
原因状语从句
to modify than hardware. Computers are valuable because
定语从句
they are general-purpose machines that can solve many
状语
different kinds of problems, as opposed to special-purpose
定语从句
machines that can each solve only one kind of problem.
[1]
Different problems can be solved with the same hardware by supplying the system with a different set of instructions, that is, with different software.
NOTES ［1］长句。主要部分是because引导的原因状语从句，
该从句由as opposed to….分开的两部分组成，每 部分都有一个that引导的定语从句。 ［2］总线不仅仅是一组线缆，它还包括一些逻辑电 路。此处是一种形象说法，有关总线的概念请见 本章1.5节。本句中the flow of information被后面 的flows from…省略that的定语从句修饰；which引 导的是非限定性定语从句。 ［3］ because引导的是原因状语从句；句子后面的that 引导的是定语从句，修饰work。
components connected to each other by the bus, is common.
However, other configurations are possible as well.
计算机英语课件—Unit1WhatIsAComputer
目录
• Fundamentals of Computer Networks and Internet Applications
• Data storage, transmission, and processing technology
• Introduction to cutting edge technologies such as artistic intelligence and the Internet of Things
Clock speed
Measures the speed of the CPU, determining how fast it can process data and execute instructions
Storage
1 2 3
Hard disk drive
A non-volatile storage device that stores and retries digital information using magnetic storage technology
Characteristics
Computers are characterized by their ability to store and process large amounts of data quickly and accurately They can also be programmed to perform a wide range of tasks, from simple calculations to complex simulations and analyses
Examples
Operating systems, device drivers, servers, utilities, and more
计算机网络英文课件Chapter1
Introduction 1-11
client/server model
r r
peer-peer model:
r r
Network edge: connection-oriented service
Goal: data transfer
between end systems handshaking: setup (prepare for) data transfer ahead of time
Introduction 1-2
Chapter 1: roadmap
1.1 What is the Internet? 1.2 Network edge 1.3 Network core 1.4 Network access and physical media 1.5 Internet structure and ISPs 1.6 Delay & loss in packet-switched networks 1.7 Protocol layers, service models 1.8 History
protocols control sending,
receiving of msgs
r
router server local ISP
workstation mobile
e.g., TCP, IP, HTTP, FTP, PPP
Internet: “network of
networks”
r r
loosely hierarchical public Internet versus private intranet RFC: Request for comments IETF: Internet Engineering Task Force
client/server model
r r
peer-peer model:
r r
Network edge: connection-oriented service
Goal: data transfer
between end systems handshaking: setup (prepare for) data transfer ahead of time
Introduction 1-2
Chapter 1: roadmap
1.1 What is the Internet? 1.2 Network edge 1.3 Network core 1.4 Network access and physical media 1.5 Internet structure and ISPs 1.6 Delay & loss in packet-switched networks 1.7 Protocol layers, service models 1.8 History
protocols control sending,
receiving of msgs
r
router server local ISP
workstation mobile
e.g., TCP, IP, HTTP, FTP, PPP
Internet: “network of
networks”
r r
loosely hierarchical public Internet versus private intranet RFC: Request for comments IETF: Internet Engineering Task Force
计算机英语第五版课件01
来处理数据的主意。 conceive：v. 构想出；想出；设想 ➢ It was the Wright brothers who first conceived the design of a successful motor-
powered plane. 是莱特兄弟最先构想出由发动机驱动并飞起来的飞机的图样的。 ➢ He conceived of the first truly portable computer in 1968. 他在1968年构想出第一台真
ENIAC was granted a patent, which was overturned decades later ENIAC被授予了专利， 但是数十年后该专利被废除了。
9
计算机概览·语言点聚焦
each tooth representing a digit from 0 to 9：这是现在分词独立结构，具有解释性功能。现 在分词可有其独立的逻辑主语（常常是名词或代词主格），置于其前面，二者构成一种分词 独立结构。现在分词独立结构常用作状语，表示时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，一般置于 句首或句末。过去分词也有此类用法，构成过去分词独立结构。 ➢ Weather permitting, we’ll have the match tomorrow. 天气允许的话，我们明天进行比
3
计算机概览·内容提要
➢ Charles Babbage & Augusta Ada Byron：被许多历m tube > transistor > IC > LSI > VLSI ✓ vacuum tube：真空管，最早用于电子计算机 ✓ transistor：晶体管，20世纪50年代末开始使用 ✓ IC (integrated circuit) : 集成电路，20世纪60年代末采用 ✓ LSI (large-scale integrated circuit)：大规模集成电路，20世纪70年代中期采用 ✓ VLSI (very large-scale integrated circuit)：超大规模集成电路
powered plane. 是莱特兄弟最先构想出由发动机驱动并飞起来的飞机的图样的。 ➢ He conceived of the first truly portable computer in 1968. 他在1968年构想出第一台真
ENIAC was granted a patent, which was overturned decades later ENIAC被授予了专利， 但是数十年后该专利被废除了。
9
计算机概览·语言点聚焦
each tooth representing a digit from 0 to 9：这是现在分词独立结构，具有解释性功能。现 在分词可有其独立的逻辑主语（常常是名词或代词主格），置于其前面，二者构成一种分词 独立结构。现在分词独立结构常用作状语，表示时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，一般置于 句首或句末。过去分词也有此类用法，构成过去分词独立结构。 ➢ Weather permitting, we’ll have the match tomorrow. 天气允许的话，我们明天进行比
3
计算机概览·内容提要
➢ Charles Babbage & Augusta Ada Byron：被许多历m tube > transistor > IC > LSI > VLSI ✓ vacuum tube：真空管，最早用于电子计算机 ✓ transistor：晶体管，20世纪50年代末开始使用 ✓ IC (integrated circuit) : 集成电路，20世纪60年代末采用 ✓ LSI (large-scale integrated circuit)：大规模集成电路，20世纪70年代中期采用 ✓ VLSI (very large-scale integrated circuit)：超大规模集成电路
计算机英语课件 - Unit 1
中央处理单元 内存 输入设备 输出设备 真空管 晶体管 大型集成电路 超大型集成电路
Unit 1 My Computer
Introduction （1）
A computer is an electronic device that can receive a set of instructions(指令), or program(程序), and then carry out (执行) this program by performing calculations on numerical data(数据) or by manipulating other forms of information.
Unit 1 My Computer
Introduction （1）
A computer is an electronic device that can receive a set of instructions, or program, and then carry out this program by performing calculations on numerical data or by manipulating other forms of information. 计算机是一种电子设备。它能接受一套指令或 程序,然后通过对数值数据进行运算或者对其他 形式的信息进行处理来执行该程序。
Unit 1 My Computer
History （2） - Electronic computers – the ENIAC
- ? Why a stored program?
The instructions, like the data, were stored within a “memory”, freeing the computer from the speed limitation of the paper-tape reader during execution(执行) and permitting problems to be solved without rewiring the computer. 这些指令，跟数据一样，也存储在内存里。这样计算 机在执行时摆脱纸带阅读器的速度限制，使得不用给 计算机重新导线问题也可以得到解决。
计算机英语Unit1-Computer-and-Computer-SciencePPT课件
2021/4/8
4
II. History
III.
The first adding machine, a precursor of
the digital computer, was devised in the 1642 by
the French scientist, mathematician, amputers
Analogue computer began to be built in the late 19th century. Early models calculated by means of rotating shafts and gears. Numerical approximations of equations too difficult to solve in any other way were evaluated with such machine. Lord Kelvin built a mechanical tide predictor that was a specialized analogue computer. During World War 1 and 2, mechanical and later, electrical analogue computing systems were used as torpedo course predictors in submarines and as bombsight controllers in aircraft. Another system was designed to predict spring floods in the Mississippi River basin.
also multiply.
计算机结构 英文 PPT 教案 PART 1 第一部分
Chapter 1 — Computer Abstractions and Technology — 7
Levels of Program Code
High-level language
Level of abstraction closer to problem domain Provides for productivity and portability
Байду номын сангаас
Input/output includes
Display, keyboard, mouse Hard disk, CD/DVD, flash For communicating with other computers
Storage devices
Network adapters
Chapter 1 — Computer Abstractions and Technology — 9
Chapter 1 — Computer Abstractions and Technology — 18
Technology Trends
Electronics technology continues to evolve
Increased capacity and performance Reduced cost
Hardware representation
§1.3 Under the Covers
Components of a Computer
The BIG Picture
Same components for all kinds of computer
Levels of Program Code
High-level language
Level of abstraction closer to problem domain Provides for productivity and portability
Байду номын сангаас
Input/output includes
Display, keyboard, mouse Hard disk, CD/DVD, flash For communicating with other computers
Storage devices
Network adapters
Chapter 1 — Computer Abstractions and Technology — 9
Chapter 1 — Computer Abstractions and Technology — 18
Technology Trends
Electronics technology continues to evolve
Increased capacity and performance Reduced cost
Hardware representation
§1.3 Under the Covers
Components of a Computer
The BIG Picture
Same components for all kinds of computer
计算机英语PPT-Computer English 1-1
Hard disks, or fixed disks, can be either fixed in the mainframe as a part of the internal design of a microcomputer or separate, external units. Internal hard disks reside permanently within the microcomputer and are removed only for servicing or replacement. External hard disks can be purchased alone and the attached to the microcomputer with cables; they are used for backing up large amounts of data or for additional storage capacity. Hard disks provide tremendous storage capacities ranging from to hundreds of gigabytes. Severapical secondary storage medium of a microcomputer is the floppy and hard disks. A floppy disk, or diskette is a thin circular piece of flexible polyester coated with a magnetic material. The data are recorded on a series of concentric circles called tracks. The access mechanism steps from track to track, reading or writing one track at a time. A track is subdivided into sectors. To distinguish the sectors, they are sequentially addressed by natural numbers 0, 1, 2 and so on. A sector is a primitive access unit. Most microcomputers use floppy diskettes of 3.5 inches in diameter. The following figure shows a 3.5 inches floppy diskette.
计算机介绍英文版PPT课件
可编辑课件
Next
17
Networks and the Internet
What is a network?
➢ Collection of computers and devices connected together
Communications Device
Enables a connection
Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 1, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Internet below Chapter 1
p. 11 Fig. 1-9
可编辑课件
Next
21
Networks and the Internet
Define the term computer and identify its components
Explain why a computer is a powerful tool
Recognize the purpose of a network
Discuss the uses of the Internet and the World Wide Web
Identify the types of computer users
Discuss various computer applications in society
可编辑课件
Next
2
A World of Computers
What is computer literacy?
➢ Knowledge and understanding of computers and their uses
计算机组成与结构体系英文课件：Chapter 1 – Basic Structure of Com
Functional Units (9)
Arithmetic and Logic Unit
Function
Execute arithmetic or logic operations
Most computer operations are executed in ALU of the processor.
Computer Organization & Architecture
Chapter 1 – Basic Structure of Computers
Content of this lecture
1.1 Computer Types 1.2 Functional Units 1.3 Basic Operational Concepts 1.6 Performance 1.7 Historical Perspective Summary
0
34
15
Opcode
Address
An Example Instruction Format
Fetch Cycle
Execute Cycle
Fetch
Execute
Start
Instruction
Instruction
Halt
Instruction Cycle
Basic Operational Concepts (3)
Secondary Storage Store many programs and large amounts of data,particularly for information that is accessed infrequently. Magnetic Disks and Tapes ▪ Hard disks ▪ Floppy disks Optical Disks ▪ CD-ROMs