2020年杭州师范大学初试自命题科目考试大纲821课程与教学论
杭州师范大学2020年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题819音乐教学论(一)
杭州师范大学硕士研究生招生考试命题纸
A 认识教育实践 B 解释教育实践 C 指导教育实践 D 改善教育实践 三、简述题（每题 8 分，共 40 分） 1.阐述你对“音乐本体”的理解。 2.音乐课程作为必修课，学校应有哪些保障。 3.“兴于诗，立于礼，成于乐”的含义。 4.《音乐课程标准（2011）版》中“以人为本”的含义。 5.简述我国近现代学校音乐教育发展的不同阶段及基本特征。 四、论述题（每题 20 分，共 40 分） 1. 美国《国家标准》对我国音乐教育的改革和发展具有哪些借鉴意义。 2. 你对音乐课程“民族性”特征的理解。 五、写作题（每题 30 分，共 30 分） 将“鼓励音乐创造”作为课程基本理念的意义与价值。
4. 培养学生的音乐兴趣一般要经过几个阶段，即
。
A 有趣阶段
B 乐趣阶段
C 志趣阶段
D 无趣阶段
5. 苏联著名音乐教育家卡巴列夫斯基指出：音乐教育教学的材料，必须从
方面选
择，但首先必须立足于本国自己民族的音乐文化。
A 古典音乐
B 现代音乐
C 流行音乐
D 民族音乐
2020 年 考试科目代码 819 考试科目名称 音乐教学论（一） （本考试科目共 6 页，第 2 页）
D 审美理想
15. 学生的音乐审美偏好主要具有
的差异。
A 年龄阶段特征
2020 年 考试科目代码 819 考试科目名称 音乐教学论（一） （本考试科目共 6 页，第 4 页）
杭州师范大学硕士研究生招生考试命题纸
B 不同性别特征
C 不同性格特征
D 不同家庭特征
16. 音乐本位原则指在音乐教学过程中自始至终应将
二、不定项选择题（每题 1 分，共 20 分） 1. 就音乐教育哲学基础而言，在学术界有较大影响的学说主要有： A 审美育人说
杭州师范大学2020年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题861中学生物教学论
杭州师范大学2020年招收攻读硕士研究生考试题考试科目代码：861考试科目名称：中学生物教学论说明：考生答题时一律写在答题纸上，否则漏批责任自负。
一、生物学素养测试题（30分）1、人的排尿是一种反射活动。
回答下列问题。
（1）膀胱中的感受器受到刺激后会产生兴奋。
兴奋从一个神经元到另一个神经元的传递是单向的，其原因是_________________。
（2）排尿过程的调节属于神经调节，神经调节的基本方式是反射，排尿反射的初级中枢位于_________________，成年人可以有意识地控制排尿，说明排尿反射也受高级中枢控制，该高级中枢位于_________________。
（3）排尿过程中，尿液还会刺激尿道上的_________________，从而加强排尿中枢的活动，促进排尿。
2、某果园中存在A、B两种果树害虫，果园中的鸟(C)可以捕食这两种害虫；使用人工合成的性引诱剂Y诱杀B可减轻B的危害。
回答下列问题。
（1）果园中包含害虫A的一条食物链是_________________。
该食物链的第三营养级是_____________。
（2）A和B之间存在种间竞争关系，种间竞争通常是指_________________。
（3）性引诱剂Y传递给害虫B的信息属于_________________。
使用性引诱剂Y可以诱杀B的雄性个体，从而破坏B种群的_________________，导致_________________降低，从而减轻B的危害。
3、植物组织培养技术在科学研究和生产实践中得到了广泛的应用。
回答下列问题。
（1）通过组织培养技术，可把植物组织细胞培养成胚状体，再通过人工种皮（人工薄膜）包装得到人工种子（如图所示），这种人工种子在适宜条件下可萌发生长。
人工种皮具备透气性的作用是_______________________________。
人工胚乳能够为胚状体生长提供所需的物质，因此应含有植物激素、___________和___________等几类物质（2）用脱毒苗进行繁殖，可以减少作物感染病毒。
杭州师范大学课程与教学论考研试题(2014年~2017年)
杭州师范大学2014年招收攻读硕士研究生入学考试题考试科目代码：849考试科目名称：课程与教学论说明：考生答题时一律写在答题纸上，否则漏批责任自负。
一、名词解释题（本大题共5小题，每小题6分，共30分）1.课程2.行为目标3.开放教学4.效度5.表现性测验评价二、简答题(本大题共4小题，每小题15分，共60分)1. 简述【美】韦迪的“课程教学”理念的内涵。
2. 简述程序性知识的教学设计要领。
3. 评述课堂教学管理的关系模式。
4. 简述校本课程开发的现实意义。
三、论述题(本题共30分)学校中的隐性课程和显性课程共同构成学校的“实际课程”。
美国课程论专家艾斯纳提出了“空无课程”的概念。
谈谈你对“空无课程”涵义和价值的理解，从此角度评议目前小学课程设置的合理性，并提出你的建议。
四、教学设计题(本大题根据自己的专业特长2选1，即选做其中的1题即可，每小题30分，共30分)1. 根据提供的一年级上册语文教材内容《棉花姑娘》，设计一个语文教案，教案要体现语文学科的特点，符合一年级学生的认知心理。
2. 根据提供的四年级下册数学教材内容《分数的初步认识》，设计一个数学教案，教案要体现数学的学科特点，符合四年级学生的认知心理。
杭州师范大学2016年招收攻读硕士研究生入学考试题考试科目代码：852考试科目名称：课程与教学论说明：考生答题时一律写在答题纸上，否则漏批责任自负。
一、名词解释（本大题共5小题，每小题6分，共30分）1. 学科课程2. 课程实施3. 教学模式4. 特朗普制5. 校本课程二、简答题（本大题共4小题，每小题15分，共60分）1. 简述影响课程发展的外部因素。
2. 概述自主探究的教学模式。
3. 简述班级授课制的优点及不足之处。
4. 简述质性评价的基本方法。
三、论述题（本大题共1小题，每小题30分，共30分）1.结合当前的基础教育课程改革，谈谈我国小学教学评价存在的问题及发展趋势。
四、设计题（两题中选做一题即可；本大题共1小题，每小题30分，共30分）根据所提供的二年级语文教材内容《一分钟》或一年级数学教材内容《认识钟表》，设计一个教案，要求既体现学科特点，又符合学生认知心理特征。
杭州师范大学课程与教学论2011--2020年考研真题汇编
杭州师范大学硕士研究生入学考试命题纸2011年考试科目代码834 考试科目名称课程与教学论（本考试科目共2 页本页第1 页）杭州师范大学硕士研究生入学考试命题纸2011年考试科目代码834 考试科目名称课程与教学论（本考试科目共2 页本页第2 页）C.动作技能领域D.思维领域 8.判断教学是否优化，必须有一定的标准。
优化教学的一般标准包括（ ） A.目标标准 B.质量标准 C.效率标准 D.过程标准 9.在教学过程中教师不把现成的结论告诉学生，而是让学生在教师的指导下自主地发现问题、探究问题、获得结论的方法称为（ ） A.实验法 B.研究法 C.讨论法 D.实习法 10. 强调把一切知识教给一切人的“泛智教育说”的创立者为( ) A.赫尔巴特 B.斯宾塞 C.夸美纽斯 D.卢梭 三、简答题(本大题共4小题，每小题10分，共40分) 1. 简述“传统教学论”与“现代教学论”的代表人物及其基本观点。
2. 简述怎样根据泰勒模式进行校本课程的开发？ 3. 简述课程实施的几种基本取向。
4. 简述当前小学教学方法改革和发展的基本趋势。
四、论述题(本大题共2小题，每小题20分，共40分) 1.“教学本质上是一种特殊的认识活动”；“教学是一种师生之间的交往活动”；“教学即对话” ……关于教学本质一直存在诸多论争，请你谈谈你对教学本质的认识。
2.自2001年我国第八次新课程改革以来，社会各界与不同学者对新课程改革褒贬不一。
比如，就新课程的理论基础，一些学者认为新课程改革引进了西方的大量理论，或实用主义理论，或建构主义理论，或多元智力理论，或后现代主义思想等，理论驳杂，零碎，含混模糊，自相矛盾；另一些学者认为，新课程改革理论“博采众长、避免偏窄，眼界宽广、高瞻远瞩”。
你认为新课程改革的理论基础符合国情吗？你是怎么评价新课程改革的？ 五、案例分析题(本大题共1小题，每小题20分，共20分) 随着新课程改革的不断推进，现在的中小学课堂在教学组织形式上也在不断创新。
杭州师范大学2016年《841语文课程与教学论》考研专业课真题试卷
2016
年
考试科目代码 841
考试科目名称语文课程与教学论（本考试科目共 5 页，第 2 页）
杭 州 师 范 大 学 硕 士 研 究 生 入 学 考 试 命 题 纸 理清：本文围绕“有月亮的晚上”依次写了哪几件事？蕴含着作者怎样的情感？ 本文千字左右，所以给大家约 3 分钟时间。 生速读课文，师巡视，并小声点拨，教室安静。 师：谁来试试？ 生：我认为围绕“有月亮的晚上”写了四件事，依次是：第一件事是找“我”去学校； 第二件事是“我”和学生在有月亮的晚上去学校；第三件事是“我”和学生在教室里上晚自 习；第四件事是“我”舍不得学生走，师点拨：舍不得走了吗？生：学生高声唱着歌放学回 家了。 师：好！你很善于概括，请坐。那么，谁还能在此基础上用更简练的语言进行概括？ 生：第一件事学生找 “我” 去学校。师再次引导：是不是可以简单地说 “师生相约上学” ， 生点头。 师：可以此为例来继续概括—— 生：师生踏着月色去学校；师生相伴学习；伴着歌声回家。 师板书：相约上学 踏月上学 教室办学 伴歌回家 师继续引导：那么循着这样的思路，蕴含着作者怎样的情感在其中呢？ 生站起来就答：蕴含着师生之间一种浓浓的师生情谊：老师爱学生，学生更依恋老师。 师：孩子，你太厉害了！一语中的。 师：孩子们，我们经过两次解读，能够感觉到本文语言质朴，通俗易懂，却富有情趣美， 字里行间充满了浓浓的情味，下面我们进入阅读第三站：赏析本文富有表现力的语言。 品味语言，学会赏析（投影提示） 今天老师为大家推荐一种方法：比较法品析本文富有表现力的语言 比较法品析语言就是指在同一语言环境中改换词语或句子，进行比较，通过多角度的比较和 揣摩，以此来区分语言的优劣。比如学案中的例句： 生读：（投影显示） A.窗外有悄悄说话声，嘁嘁喳喳。我故作严厉，大声问：“谁呀？” B.窗外传来说话声，我大声问： “谁呀？ 生：第二句表达没有第一句强烈， “故作严厉”可以看出老师明知道外面的人是谁，而是 故意做出严厉的样子，可见他们之间的关系非常密切，而第二句看不出。 生： “悄悄” “嘁嘁喳喳”比较形象生动的写出学生们当时在老师窗外的那种顽皮聪明， 故意小声却又要老师听到。第一句更有味道。 师：好，孩子们！这就是比较法了。我们通过这种揣摩辨析，能够分辨出语言运用的好 坏优劣了。那么，下面就用这样的方法进行语言赏析，请看学案： 投影提示： 建议这样品析语言： 结合示例任选一处在相关的字、词、句、段旁，加上改换后的语句进行比较，联系上下 文用简洁的语言做点评。 （独立完成，展示成果） 师巡视点拨指导，约 2 分钟 师：谁来试试？如果你选择的句子刚好与前面的同学选择一样，针对他的赏析可以再谈 出你的看法，不用举手站起来说就行。 生：我选择第四组： A.那些有月亮的晚上，真美！ B.有月亮的晚上，真美！ 第一句“那些有月亮的晚上”特指那些师生共度过的那段美好时光，令人回味难忘，而 第二句看不出。 师：那么，你在朗读这两句话的时候，内心感受一样吗？
杭州师范大学2020年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题826英语文学基础
杭州师范大学2020年招收攻读硕士研究生考试题考试科目代码：826考试科目名称：英语文学基础说明：考生答题时一律写在答题纸上，否则漏批责任自负。
该试卷全部用英文作答。
注意有选做题；如全做以最低分计算。
Part I Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement. (20x2)1. About the Renaissance humanists which of the following statements is true?A. They thought money and social status was the measure of all things.B. They emphasized the dignity of human beings and the importance of the worldly life.C. They couldn't see the importance of worldly happiness.D. They thought people were largely subordinated to the ruling class without any freedomand independence.2. Which of the following is not John Milton’s works?A. Paradise LostB. Paradise RegainedC. Samson AgonistesD. The Pilgrim’s Progress3. Jonathan Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels gives an unparalleled_____ depiction of the vices of his age.A. religiousB. romanticC. satiricalD. comic4. William Blake’s Songs of Experience paints a world of _____ with a melancholy tone.A. misery, poverty, disease, war and repressionB. happiness and love and romantic idealsC. misery, poverty mixed with love and happinessD. loss and institutional cruelty with sufferings5. Through his poems, Byron created the “Byronic hero” who is _____.A. a brave and stubborn rebel figure of noble originB. a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble originC. a proud, mysterious rebel figure of lower originD. a brilliant, independent and romantic figure of his time6. Which of the following can’t be included in the critical realists of the Victorian Period?A. Charlotte and Emily BronteB. Charles Dickens and William M. ThackerayC. Thomas Hardy and George EliotD. D. H. Laurence and James Joyce7. “Ode on a Grecian Urn” shows the contrast between the______ of art and the____ of human passion.A. glory，uglinessB. permanence, transienceC. transience，sordidnessD. glory，permanence8. The term “metaphysical poetry” is commonly used to name the work of the 17th century writers who wroteunder the influence of _____.A. John MiltonB. John DonneC. John KeatsD. John Bunyan9. In The Pilgrim’s Progress Christian and Faithful come to the ______where both are arrested as alienagitators and tried.A. Vanity FairB. Doubting CastleC. Celestial CityD. The Valley of Humiliation10. Of the following poets, who is not regarded as “lake poet”?A. Samuel Taylor ColeridgeB. Robert SoutheyC. William WordsworthD. John Keats11. ________, a Gothic novel written by Mary Shelley, is one of the triumphs of the Romantic movement dueto its theme of alienation and its warning about the destructive power that can result when human activity is unfettered by moral and social concerns.A. WaverleyB. EndymionC. Joan of ArcD. Frankenstein12. Which of the following statements about the Romantic period in the history of American literature is NOTtrue?A. Most heroes and heroines in the writings of this period exhibited extremes of reason and rationality.B. In most of the writings of this period there was a new emphasis upon the imaginative and emotionalqualities of literature.C. There were a strong tendency to exalt the individual and the common man.D. The writers of this period placed an increasing emphasis on the free expression of emotions anddisplayed an increasing attention to the psychic states of their characters.13. The common thread throughout American literature has been the emphasis on the___.A. revolutionismB. reasonC. individualismD. rationalism14. Although realism and naturalism were products of the 19th century, their final triumph came in the 20th century, with the popular and critical successes of such writers as Edwin Arlington, William Cather, Robert Frost, William Faulkner and_____.A. Edgar Allan PoeB. Sherwood AndersonC. Washington IrvingD. Ralph Ellison15. ____, one of the essays in The Sacred Wood, is the earliest statement of T.S. Eliot’s aesthetics, which provided a useful instrument for modern criticism.A. “Tradition and Individual Talent”B. “Sweeny Agonistes”C. “A Primer of Modern Heresy”D. “Gerention”16. The three poets Ezra Pound, T.S. Eliot and ____ opened the way to modern poetry.A. O. HenryB. Henry David ThoreauC. E.E. CummingsD. Robert Frost17. Which writer best expressed the Puritan sense of the self?A. Jonathan EdwardsB. Cotton MatherC. John SmithD. Thomas Hooker18. Which is generally regarded as the Bible of New England Transcendentalism?A. WaldenB. NatureC. “On Beauty”D. “Self-Reliance”19. Which is regarded as the “Declaration of Intellectual Independence” in the history of American Literature?A. The American ScholarB. English TraitsC. The Conduct of LifeD. Representative Men20. Imagism was equivalent to ___ in fiction in a sense. Imagist never stated the emotion in the poem, but justpresented an image: concrete, firm and definite in picture.A. modernismB. romanticismC. naturalismD. surrealismPart II Identify the source of each of the following quotation and write out the TITLE of which the passage comes from.(20x1)1. Whan Zephirus eek with his sweete breeth/Inspired hath in every holt and heeth/The tendercroppes, and the Yonge sonne/Hath in the Ram his half coursy ronne,2. The quality of mercy is not strained;/It droppeth as the gentle rain from heaven/ Upon theplace beneath. It is twice blest:3. If they be two, they are two so/As stiff twin compasses are two:/Thy soul, the fixed foot,makes no show/To move, but doth if th’other do;4. All is not lost-----the unconquerable will,/ And study of revenge, immoral hate,/And couragenever to submit or yield:5. These people are most excellent mathematicians, and arrived to a great perfection inmechanics by the countenance and encouragement of the Emperor, who is a renowned patron of learning.6. True wit is Nature to advantage dressed,/What oft was thought, but ne’er so well expressed;7. So here have I lived above sixteen years in virtue and reputation; and all at once, when Icome to know what is good, and what is evil, I must renounce all the good, all the whole sixteen years’ innocence, which, next to God’s grace, I owed chiefly to my parents and to my lady’s lessons and example.8. As fair art thou, my bonnie lass,/So deep in luve am I;/ And I will luve thee still, my dear,/Till a’ the seas gang dry.9. No Nightingale did ever chaunt/ More welcome notes to weary bands/ Of travelers in someshady haunt,/ Among Arabian sands:10. It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune mustbe in want of a wife.11. Wild Spirit, which art moving everywhere;/ Destroyer and Preserver; hear, O hear!12. He listened. The wind, playing upon the edifice, produced a booming tune, like the note ofsome gigantic harp.13. What a handsome little Oriental he was, and no doubt his wife and children were beautifultoo, for people usually get what they already possess.14. This train of thought, she perceives, is threatening mere waste of energy, even some collisionwith reality, for who will ever be able to lift a finger against Whitaker’s Table of Precedency?15. He hated her bitterly at that moment because he made her suffer. Love her! She knew heloved her. He really belonged to her. This about not loving her, physically, bodily, was a mere perversity on his part.16. They were all running, all crying out madly. He could hear them crashing in the undergrowthand on the left was the hot, bright thunder of the fire.17. “I sometimes have a queer feeling with regard to you-----especially when you are near me, asnow; it is as if I had a string somewhere under my left ribs, tightly and inextricably knotted toa similar string situated in the corresponding quarter of your little frame.”18. This grew; I gave commands;/ Then all smiles stopped together.19. Although schoolmistresses’ letters are to be trusted no more nor less than churchyardepitaphs; yet, as it sometimes happens that a person departs this life, who is really deserving of all praises the stone-cutter carves over his bones;20. Yet all experience is an arch wherethrough/ Gleams that untraveled world whose marginfades/ Forever and forever when I move.Part III In this part, you are free to choose Any TWO of the following three literary terms, and define them. (20x2)1. Stream of consciousness2. Conceit3.TranscendentalismPart IV. Choose ONE of the two topics and elaborate your views. (25x1)1. In 1954, William Golding(1911-1993) published his first novel Lord of the Flies after nearly21 rejections of various publishers. This fiction,since its publication, has been considered as adystopian allegory indicative of vast aspects of the human condition, in terms of human evil and society.Elaborate your view on this novel.2. Eugene O’Neill(1888-1953) was the first American dramatist to regard the stage as a literarymedium and the only American playwright ever to receive the Nobel Prize for Literature.Through his efforts, the American theatre grew up during the 1920s, developing into a cultural medium that could take its place with the best in American fiction, painting, and music. Elaborate your view on his works.Part V. Read the following two commentaries carefully and choose ONE topic to write out your own ideas in any relationship to the passage. (25x1)1. Poetry, as we have since learnt, has other tasks than that of imparting psychological values tothe visible world. Had Wordsworth turned his attention toward these, his genius might not have atrophied so soon. It remains to indicate briefly, in conclusion, what gave Wordsworth his initial direction towards “Nature” as the inevitable raw material for his creative sensibility. Here we met, I think, with two other groups of beliefs current in his age, which may be said to have conditioned his poetic experience: postulates (‘doctrines-felt-as-facts’) without which his poetry would not have been what it actually is. The first was the product of the deistic tradition of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, to which I have already alluded in passing. Ever since the Renaissance the Creation had been steadily gaining in prestige as the ‘art of God,’ the universal divine Scripture which ‘liesexpans’d unto the eyes of all.’ The emotion of the ‘numinous,’ formerly associated with super-nature, had become attached to Nature itself; and by the end of the eighteenth century the divinity, the sacredness of nature was, to those affected by this tradition, almost a first datum of consciousness.Wordsworth, then, did not have to construct this belief wholly out of his experience; much of it was given to him. Much the same is true of the second of these fundamental beliefs, the belief in the grandeur and dignity of man, and the holiness of the heart’s affections. This, too,was the products of forces originating (for our purposes) in the Renaissance; it had arisen out of the ruins of the theological view of man. As the ‘Fall’ receded further and further into the region of fable, man was increasingly regarded as a creature not only made in, but retaining, God’s image; and Wordsworth could acknowledge, without misgiving, ‘a grandeur in the beatings of the heart,’ and speak in good faith of ‘man and his noble nature.’ In Wordsworth’s lifetime this humanism had taken a colouring from Rousseau, and the special nobility of man was therefore only to be looked for ‘in huts where poor men lie.’ The ‘higher’ grades of society, in which the culture of the Renaissance had been exclusively fostered, were now “A light, a cruel, and vain world, cut off/From the natural inlets of just sentiment,/From lowly sympathy, and chastening truth.” [From “On Wordsworth and the Locke Tradition” by Basil Willey]2. Poetic influence is a labyrinthine process, and at its deepest is remote from echo and allusion,though it does not exclude them…When Whitman tallies he takes measures of all things, implicitly including the measure of his own poetry. In his very different way, Whitman is as formalist a poet as were our late contemporaries James Merrill and Anthony Hecht, who usefully may be contrasted to the late A. R. Ammons and to John Ashbery, both of them strongly influenced by the poet of Leaves of Grass. Ammons and the versatile Ashbery can be far freer in form than Whitman ever is. The King James Bible is the largest influence upon Whitman’s style, and the Hebrew parallelism breaks through in the strongest of the translators, William Tyndale and Miles Coverdale. There is no single measure to Whitman’s song, just as his huge enlargements transcend all previous notions as to what can constitute materiapoetica. To hold together the vastness of his topics and the fluid dissolves of his tropes Whitman had to discover a master metaphor and found it in the tally, at once his ‘confession sprig’ and his incanted warbles for lilac-time. The Whitmanian tally is the binding agent for “When Lilacs last in the Door-yard Bloom’d,” the sonorous elegy for the martyred Abraham Lincoln. Together with “As I Ebb’d with the Ocean of Life,” “Lilacs” is the most formally measured of Whitman’s peoms. I have a passion for “Lilacs,” though the epic “Song of Myself” is certainly the center of the Whitmanian poetic cosmos. Henry and William James, T. S. Eliot(belatedly), and Wallace Stevens all associated “Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking” with “Lilacs” because there is a clear affinity between the mockingbird’s song and the song of death warbled by the hermit thrush. The boy Whitman first beholds the mockingbird “when the lilac-scent was in the air.” The crucial difference between “Out of Cradle” and “Lilacs” seems to me that the sea in the first poem lisps the low and delicious word death, which becomes the burden of hermit thrush’s song in “Lilacs.” In the earlier poems, the male mockingbird sings of bereavement but not of death, though that is implied.Why did Whitman choose the word tally for what I judge to be his comprehensive vision of poetic voice? The word has a curious history. It derives from the Latin talea, which means a cutting, rod, or stick, on which you record payments and the sum still owed. In English, it transmuted into the idea of a duplicate or other half. It then became associated with illicit love. To live “tally” was to dwell together without marriage. In time the word expanded to become tally-whacking, tally woman, and tally-wags. [From The Anatomy of Influence: Literature as a Way of Life by Harold Bloom]。
杭州师范大学826语文课程与教学论专业课考研真题(2019年)
硕 士 研 究 生
入
学
考
试
试
题
(原版真题)
2.完成一课时的教学设计,撰写教案,简要说明主要步骤的设计意图,以及设计的亮点。(40分)
云南的歌会
沈从文
云南本是个诗歌的家乡,路南和迤西歌舞早ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ名全国。这一回却更加丰富了我的见闻。
这是种生面别开的场所,对调子的来自四方,各自蹲踞在松树林子和灌木丛沟凹处,彼此相去虽不多远,却互不见面。唱的多是情歌酬和,却有种种不同方式。或见景生情,即物起兴,用各种丰富比喻,比赛机智才能。或用提问题方法,等待对方答解。或互嘲互赞,随事押韵,循环无端。也唱其他故事,贯穿古今,引经据典,当事人照例心中一本册,滚瓜熟,随口而出。在场的既多内行,开口即见高低,含糊不得。所以不是高手,也不敢轻易搭腔。那次听到一个年轻妇女一连唱败了三个对手,逼得对方哑口无言,于是轻轻的打了个吆喝,表示胜利结束,从荆条丛中站起身子,理理发,拍拍绣花围裙上的灰土,向大家笑笑,,意思像是说:“你们看,我唱赢了”,显得轻松快乐,拉着同行女伴,走过江米酒担子边解口渴去了。
杭州师范大学招收硕士研究生入学课程八二五试卷
2、试根据库兹涅茨等人的理论，分析产业结构演变的规律。
3、试述选择区域主导产业的原则。
4、试述区域份额转移分析及其应用。
三论述（45分）
1、什么是产业生命周期理论？如何根据产业生命周期理论制定区域开发战略？（20）
2、试述层次分析法的优点及其应用领域。（25分）
杭州师范大学
招收攻读硕士研究生入学考试题
考试科目代码：825
考试科目名称：生态规划与管理
说明：考生答题时一律写在答题纸上，否则漏批责任自负。
一名词解释(65分，每小题8分，第8题9分）
1、结节区
2、规模经济
3、重工业化过程
4、运费指向
5、极化效应
6、中心地
7、主导产业
8、区域发展战略
二简答（40பைடு நூலகம்，每小题10分）
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总分１50分，其中：客观题90分（名词解释3０分 、简答题60分），主观题6０分（设计题3０分 、论述题3０分）。
评分标准和要求
１．阐述基本概念与原理时，要求理解准确、表达简练。
２．设计的教学环节时，要求体现学生知、智、情全面发展的教学目标；体现学科特点；文字表述规范。
３．评述小学课程与教学改革现状时，要求观点正确；切合小学课程与教学改革实际；有独特见解；体现专业性；语句通顺。
第五章教学的基本理论
一．教学概念与教学过程的本质
二．现代教学及其特征
第七章 教学目标
一．教学目标及其分类
二．教学目标的设计与表述
第八章 教学模式
一．教学模式的概念及价值
二．教学模式的生成及运用
第九章 教学方法
一．教学方法概述
二．小学常用的教学方法
三．小学教学方法的改革及其发展趋势
第十章 教学手段
一．教学手段概述
备注
硕士点负责人签名：(学院盖章)学院分管院长签名：
2020年硕士研究生入学考试科目《课程与教学论》考试大纲
参考书
《课程与教学论》,王本陆 主编，高等教育出版社，２００４年版。2009第二版
考试内容
第一章绪言
一.什么是课程与教学论
二.课程论与教学论的关系
三.“课程教学”概念的提出及其内涵
第二章课程的基本理论
一.课程的基本概念
二.课程内涵的发展趋势
三.“空无课程”的涵义及其形成原因
四.课程的表现形式
第三章 课程目标与课程内容
一．课程目标的涵义及其形式取向
二．课程内容选择与组织的原则
第三章课程实施与课程评价
一．课程编制的过程与环节
二．课程实施及其取向
三． 课程评价的涵义
四．课程编制的“泰勒模式”和“塔巴模式”比较
第四章校本课程开发
一．校本课程的概念
二．校本课程开发的现实意义和现状讨论
２．基本原理的理解与运用；
３．教学基本技能的情景性运用（设计教学环节）；
４．教育理念的阐述与评价性运用（小学课程改革与教学实施的主题讨论）。
试卷难易结构
难度适中，强调基本概念、基本原理的理解与正确教学理念、教学技能的、简答题 。
二．主观题：１、设计题 ２、论述题。
二．小学常用的教学手段
三．教学手段现代化对教学的影响。
第十一章 教学组织形式
一．教学组织形式概述
二．目前小学教学组织形式的优化策略
三．教学工作的基本环节与技能
第十二章 教学管理与教学评价
一．教学管理与教学评价概述
二．小学教学管理与评价的主要内容
三． 小学教学管理与评价的改革及其发展趋势
试卷内容结构
１．基本概念的界定与理解；