分析《白象似的群山》
白象似的群山读后感
白象似的群山读后感白象似的群山是一本朴实而真实的书籍，书中描绘了一个偏远山区的生活场景。
读完这本书，我颇有几点感悟。
首先，白象似的群山描绘了一个自然与人文交融的美丽山区。
书中详细描述了山峦连绵、雪峰云霞，清澈的溪流和茂密的树林，犹如一幅美妙的画卷。
而与此同时，书中也显示了山区人民真挚善良的品质。
他们勤劳耕种、热爱家乡，努力与大自然和谐共存。
作者对这片土地的热爱之情深深感染着读者，引发对大自然的敬畏之情。
其次，白象似的群山描绘了山区人民的孤独与坚毅。
书中主人公是一个生活在山区的少年，艰难的山路、贫瘠的土地成为他成长的背景。
虽然环境恶劣、交通不便，但主人公毫不气馁，顽强地面对困难。
这个故事教会了我坚韧不拔的品质，即使在逆境中也要坚持向前。
再次，白象似的群山传递了深厚的人文关怀。
书中的主人公和他的家人、邻居们虽然生活在贫困的山区，却始终保持着对生活的乐观态度和积极向上的精神。
作者通过描写人物的坚韧和勤劳，以及他们对亲情、友情、爱情的执着追求，展现了生命的价值。
这让我在阅读中领悟到了生活的真谛，即使在逆境中，也要用心感受生命的美好。
最后，白象似的群山引发了我对社会关注的思考。
书中描述了山区的物质贫乏和教育资源的匮乏。
这使我深思，我们应该如何改善这些弱势地区的生活状况呢？是否可以通过增加投入或者推动教育改革来帮助这些人们，让他们摆脱贫困，过上更加幸福的生活？总之，白象似的群山是一本触动人心的书。
通过描绘山区的自然景观、山区人民的坚韧品质以及对生活的热爱，书中给予了我很大的启示。
读过这本书后，我深刻地感受到生命的可贵和幸福的真谛。
同时，我也对社会问题有了更加深入的思考和关注。
希望这本书的影响可以传递给更多的人，让大家一起关注和改善我们的社会。
《白象似的群山》中的象征手法
《白象似的群山》中的象征手法
《白象似的群山》是中国古典文学作家曹雪芹的一部杰作，这部小说通
过象征手法深刻地描绘出社会现实中的一种混乱局面。
小说中，象征空旷无谓的群山是主人公刘多登的内心欲望。
他就像孤独
的群山一样，他的内心流露着对幸福的渴求和对安定的幻想，但他只能在石
缝中游荡，毫无依靠。
而在他周围，群山看起来像一座座白色的象牙塔，给
他带来莫名的梦幻般的景象，又给他传达一种超越魔幻的力量，只是他无法
奔着未知的梦想勇往直前。
此外，白象似的群山也象征着等待着洗礼的社会环境。
在小说中，人们
隐藏着邪恶的行为，财富更是官宦和贵族的游戏物品，社会的不公平令人恶心，人们的灵魂因此可以像群山一样，静静地待在原地，叹息着不幸的命运。
最后，白象似的群山也象征着文学本身的深意。
小说中，高岭外闪着明
亮的火光，古怪地跳舞，把各种不同的想象和言语融合在一起，并通过象征
性表达同一个主题。
在作家的头脑里，经历的事情更像山一样，堆砌出各种
独特的景色，令人非常震撼。
通过曹雪芹在《白象似的群山》中的象征手法，我们得以一窥社会的坎
坷以及人类情绪的变幻，给我们带来一种灵魂的触动和满意的结局。
白象似的群山读后感
白象似的群山读后感《白象似的群山》是一部以大自然为背景的小说，通过描写群山的壮丽景观和与之相关的人物故事，展现了自然界的力量和人与自然的关系。
阅读完这部小说，我深感震撼与感悟，对自然的无穷力量和人与自然的相互影响有了更深刻的理解。
小说以一座印度小山村为背景，主角是一个年轻的印度女孩，她名叫梅麗莎。
梅麗莎生长在群山之间，与大自然有着亲密的关系。
她热爱大自然，喜欢漫步在群山间，欣赏山的壮丽景色。
这些群山给她带来了安慰和力量，也成为她个性和灵魂的一部分。
小说中描绘的群山是如此的壮丽和神秘，它们像白象一样巍峨耸立于大地之上。
在阳光的照耀下，群山呈现出各种不同的色彩，有时是金黄的，有时是红色的，有时又是蓝色的。
每当我看到这些描写，我的心灵都会被深深地触动，仿佛置身于那片山峦之间，感受到了大自然的魅力和力量。
除了自然景观，小说还展现了人与自然的关系。
在梅麗莎的家乡，人们对大自然有着敬畏和依赖的态度。
他们尊重山，崇拜自然，用信仰和传说来解释许多神秘的现象。
他们相信大自然是强大而神圣的，他们礼敬山，献祭给山神，以求获得庇佑和保护。
这种信仰使得人们与自然形成了一种和谐的关系，他们不仅懂得欣赏大自然的美，更懂得尊重和保护它。
在小说的故事发展中，梅麗莎的生活发生了巨大的变化。
由于一场突如其来的大雨，山上的土地发生了塌方，村庄被泥石流所淹没，梅麗莎失去了家园和亲人。
这个灾难使得梅麗莎痛苦万分，但她也从中汲取到了力量和坚强。
她学会了适应环境的变化，重新开始新的生活。
这个过程中，梅麗莎与白象似的群山形成了更加紧密的联系，山给予了她力量和勇气，成为了她重建家园的动力。
通过阅读《白象似的群山》，我深深地意识到人与自然之间的紧密关系。
大自然是我们赖以生存的根本，它既庞大而又脆弱。
我们在欣赏大自然的同时，也要尽可能地保护它，因为我们与大自然的和谐共处才能带给我们生活的美好和幸福。
这部小说通过描写群山的壮丽景色和与之相关的人物故事，使我对自然的力量和人与自然的关系有了更深刻的认识。
白象似的群山写作手法分析
从《白象似的群山》中看海明威的写作风格摘要欧内斯特·海明威是现代文学巨匠，他以“精通现代叙事艺术”荣获1954年诺贝尔文学奖。
他的写作技巧不仅使他闻名于世，还是区分他与其他作家的一大特征，他对美国乃至世界文学都有深远的影响。
“白象似的群山”是海明威的一篇著名的短篇小说。
全文只有1469个字，讲述的是一对美国情侣在一个西班牙小站等火车的情景。
除了必不可少的背景描写之外，其余的都是这对情侣相互间的对话。
本文希望通过对小说写作手法的分析，使读者更加深刻的了解男女主人公之间的关系、冲突、心理活动及各自的人物特色。
同时更好的赏析这篇小说，并体会海明威独特的写作风格。
本文分为三个部分。
第一部分是引论对海明威及他的小说白象似的群山做了简短的介绍。
第二部分主要从语言、象征、冰山原则三个方面分析海明威的写作技巧。
首先，他的语言具有四个鲜明的特征：第一，他喜欢使用常见的单或双音节词。
第二他很少使用形容词和状语。
第三，在不同的情境下，他的句子的长短和节奏变换很巧妙。
他常用简单的连接词将单句改写成复句。
其次，他的文中总是充满了象征，这些象征的使得文章内容更加丰富。
在《白象似的群山》中它不仅预示着主人公的命运还使得人物形象更加生动，主题更加明确。
最后，介绍冰山原则的特点，及在《白象似的群山》中的应用。
在前面两部分的基础之上，第三部分对文章进行了总结，指出写作目的及研究意义。
关键词：写作手法，语言特色，象征，冰山原则AbstractErnest Hemingway is a giant of modern literature. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1954 for “masters the modern narrative techniques”. His writing style not only makes him famous but also makes him different from many other greatest American writers. He has exerted a strong influence on the literature both of America and the world.“Hills Like White Elephants”is one of Hemingway’s excellent short stories, which provides us with a piece of wonderful picture with condensed ink. There are just 1469 words in this novel, of which the majority is dialogues between a girl and a man awaiting a train at a station in Spain. All the story features short sentences; and there are few modification words to describe the facial expression,the inner minds as well as the actions of the figures. The research into his writing style allows us to grasp the story thoroughly. Meanwhile we will profound the theme of the story and appreciate it well.This thesis is divided into three parts. Part one is a brief introduction to Hemingway and his novel “Hills Like White Elephants”. Part two analyses Hemingway’s writing techniques in the aspects of unique language, symbol technique and his Iceberg Theory. Firstly, his unique language can be summarized as the following three features: (a) one syllable or two syllables words are mostly used; (b) less adjectives and adverbials have been used; (c) the length and rhythm of his sentences are varied in different situations; (d) simple sentences outnumber complex sentences, and sentence connectors like "and", "but", "then" are used repeatedly in the novel to link most of the sentences. Secondly, his novels are always full of symbols, which greatly enrich the meaning of his story. In “Hills Like White Elephants”the symbols not only implies the fate of the young men but also make the character more vivid and the theme clearer. Finally, technique of his Iceberg Theory has been fully reflected by his "Hills Like White Elephants". For under the concise language, there exists rich information and deep feelings, it is just the highlight of the Iceberg Theory. Based on these analyses, the last part makes an conclusion and points out the purposeand significance of the research in this thesis.Key Words: writing style; features of language; symbolic; iceberg theory目录摘要 (i)Abstract (ii)1. Introduction to the writer and his “Hills Like White Elephants” (5)2Analysis of writing techniques of "Hills Like White Elephants" (7)2.1The unique Language (7)2.1.1 A lexical choice (7)2.1.2 Few adjectives and adverbs (8)2.1.3 Short and simple sentences (8)2.2 The use of Symbolism (9)2.2.1 The symbolic significance of the title and the heroine'sname (9)2.2.2 The symbolic significance in the setting (10)2.2.3The symbolic significance between the dialogues (11)2.3 Technique of Iceberg Theory (12)2.3.1 The style of Iceberg Theory (12)2.3.2 Iceberg Theory in Hills Like White Elephants (13)3Conclusion (15)Bibliography (16)Acknowledgements (17)1. Introduction to the writer and his “Hills Like WhiteElephants”Ernest Hemingway is a giant of modern literature, well versed in modern narrative art, for which he was awarded Nobel Prize in 1954. His four major novels are The Sun Also Rises (1926), A Farewell to Arms (1929), For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940), and The Old Man and the Sea (1952). Since he is a wounded veteran of World War I, most of his works are connected to wars. Every role in his work reflects his own characteristics, that is, full of courage, perseverance, wisdom, and never giving in to fate, but none of them are perfect, which makes the role more real. His stories of courage in the face of tragedy encourage the new generation. The application of short, uncomplicated, active sentences, and only few adjectives becomes Hemingway's recognizable style that has been widely copied by other writers. Due to the concise language, his style is endowed with the title telegraph style. That makes the tempo of the story, the tone and the changing feelings of the figures clearer. We should be aware that Hemingway's language is concisely direct but never blunt or simply plain.His novels are always full of symbols, which can greatly enrich the meaning of the story. The subtle employment of symbolism is a sharp tool to help to delve into the deep-seated treasures; thus, the maximum of meaning is reached through the use of this technique. What is more, he has created a kind of Iceberg Theory style. Iceberg Theory is greatly moving the plot forward. Due to Theory style, there is always a network of association and inference, a submerged reason behind the inclusion (or even the omission) of every detail."Hills Like White Elephants" is an important piece in Hemingway's second collection of short stories, Men Without Women, published in August of 1927. The short story is a conversation between a girl and a man waiting for a train at a station in Spain. The man tried to persuade the girl to have a small operation. Though the novel does not tell what on earth the surgery is, according to the real life experience, we can guess that is an abortion. Basically, the whole novel is a dialogue between the girl andthe man. There are actually 110 bars in the text, of which only 12 bars are described. At the very beginning, Hemingway uses 113 words to briefly introduce the setting. This is a barren station with "no shade" and "no trees", and the hills by the side of the station are white and dry. In the beginning, the young women acts as an ice breaker, describing the outline of the distant mountains under the sun, “they look like white elephants”. But with little or almost no patience the man starts his own concerned topic about whether the young woman will have the operation or not. The man wants the girl to have an abortion but the girl wants to keep the baby, and neither of them will give in. Then the topic about the abortion becomes very sensitive. Therefore, their talk is very tight and brittle. At several points the girl talks about drinks, for she wants to avoid the sensitive topic. But the man seems to stick to the topic, explaining and comforting again and again.Finally the girl says: "I will scream” Here, the novel’s internal tension has reached its peak, slipping quickly to an abrupt end.2. Analysis of writing techniques of "Hills Like WhiteElephants"2.1The unique LanguageDistinguished from many greatest American writers, Hemingway is renowned for his writing style of unique language. His style looks simple at first glance but subtle and delightful inside.Readers are often attracted by his individual characteristics of the language.His individual characteristics of the language can be summarized as the following four patterns: (a) one syllable or two syllables words are mostly used; (b) less adjectives and adverbials have been used; (c) the length and rhythm of his sentences are skillfully varied in different situations; (d) simple sentences outnumber complex sentences, and sentence connectors like "and", "but", "then" are used repeatedly in the novel to link most of the sentences.2.1.1 A lexical choiceHe is very careful with words. Concrete, specific, more commonly found, casual and conversational are his chosen principles. He once said "Of any writer, no matter how good a word or a phrase he may have, if he puts it in where it is not absolutely necessary and irreplaceable, he is spoiling his work for egotism. Writing is architecture, not interior decoration."For example “Across, on the other side, were fields of grain and trees along the banks of the Ebro. Far away, beyond the river, were moun tains.” Just a few short sentences and some simple words outline a pair of pure and fresh scenery in front of the reader. His language is simple, concise, natural, easy to understand just because all the words he chooses are “concrete, specific, more commo nly found, more Anglo-Saxon, casual and conversational”Hemingway seems to prefer words of Anglo-Saxon origin, the most of which consist of one syllable or two syllables. Though Anglo-Saxon origin is small in part they are the most frequently used in daily speech and writing, which makes vital contribution to Hemingway’s works for the simple and easy understanding.2.1.2 Few adjectives and adverbsHe seldom uses adjectives and abstract nouns, and avoids complicated syntax.For example, in the beginning of this novel, he uses several sentences to describe the setting.“The hills across the valley of the Ebro were long and white. On this side there was no shade and no trees and the station was between two lines of rails in the sun. Close against the side of the station there was the warm shadow of the building and a curtain, made of strings of bamboo beads, hung across the open door into the bar, to keep out flies. The American and the girl with him sat at a table in the shade, outside the building. It was very hot and the express from Barcelona would come in forty minutes.”Among these words, there are just four described adjectives: long, white, warm, hot. "Long" and "white" is used to describe the mountain. The mountain is the whole background of the novel, it plays an important role when expressing the character’s emotion. The other two adjectives, hot and warm, implies that the story happen in hot summer.All these adjective words are essential to introduce the background of this novel.2.1.3 Short and simple sentencesAs we all known, Hemingway prefers to use simple sentences. He skillfully employs many short sentences in the writing, particularly in describing the step-by-step actions and energetic activities. But he varies the length and the rhythm of his sentences on different occasions to stress something or express different attitudes and emotions. For example, the girl and the man have a disagreement. The girl feels unjust and stray, while the man feels fidgety. But the author does not use the words s uch as “angry” or “impatient” to directly describe the characters' psychological activities. Instead, he just hides these emotions in the dialogues. There are some parts of the dialogues:“What did you say?”“I said we could have everything.”“No, we can't.”“We can have the whole world.”“No, we can't.”“We can go everywhere.”“No, we can't. It isn't ours any more.”“It's ours.”From these simple sentences, readers can feel that the characters in the novel want to solve the problem as soon as possible. The author omits such words like “she said”, “he said”. This makes the dialogues shorter or even in a hurry. None of them want to say more words. This arrangement seems simple but it is really intentional. Wanting the readers to feel the psychological activities themselves, he just put out the original dialogue without any modified words. This will not only attract readers’ curiosity but also makes the novel more convincing.2.2 The use of SymbolismSymbolism is an important writing style of Hemingway, and is fully embodied in the “Hills Like White Elephants”."Hills Like White Elephants" shows Hemingway's use of iceberg theory or theory of omission: a message is presented through a story's subtext. Among those that might be mentioned, we shall focus on the title, the names of the hero and heroine, the landscape, and some special words.2.2.1 The symbolic significance of the title and the heroine’s nameThe title Hills Like White Elephants is an important metaphor. “white elephants” is mentioned several times.The meaning of the white elephants in china seems chicken ribs. The white elephants coming from Thailand in which a white elephant is given to unflavored people by the ruler. Due to the fact that the elephant is sacred and not allowed to work, it is a burden for the owner for it would consume the whole money of its owner until he becomes destitute. Jig's reference to white elephants could be in regard to the baby. The American could see the baby as a white elephant and not want to raise it because of the cost, while Jig could see the child as an extraordinary addition to her mundane life of drinking and mindless traveling. When the girl said: “They look like white elephants” she is implying that she has a baby. The hills are “lovely” and“bright” though“the country was brown and dry”, “therewas no shade and no trees”. From these we can know that the baby is a beautiful thing to the girl, and brings her change and hope in life. Furthermore, the white elephants are also a symbol of the steady life the girl is dreaming of. Maybe it is time for her to set down and have a family to live a peaceful life. As having a baby means responsible and fewer enjoyment, the man looks the baby as a burden and even useless thing.Jig is the name of the girl, which is clearly addressed in the novel. It’s not just a normal name. It is symbolic. Jig is a kind of lively dance. From the dictionary, we find that Jig have a deep meaning “particular assort of behavior or activity which varies according to the situation that someone is in”. The name Jig is very in accordance with the image of the girl, young and roaming about gaming life. At the same time. It also means the love between the girl and the man will end up.2.2.3 The symbolic significance in the settingThe symbolism of the hills can be thought of as the image of the swollen breasts , and to the prenatal dream of the mother of the future Buddha in which a white elephant (in this case, a symbol of prestigious leadership) presents her with a lotus flower, a symbol of fertility.“The hills across the valley of the Ebro were long and white. On this side there was no shade and no trees and the station were between two lines of rails in the sun.”This is concise to describe about the scene. “The station was between two lines of rails in the sun”symbolizing the hero and heroine never reaches an agreement to solve serious problem which threats the relationship between them. The girl looking forward to this baby, and she wants a stable relationship and enjoys the happiness of the family life; while the man considers the baby as a burden, and he wants the girl to have abortion then continues to live just like the past. They have different expectations, and no one wants to give in, just like two parallel railways won't cross together.Just take a look at these sentences “The girl was looking off at the line of hills. They were white in the sun and the country was brown and dry.”“The girl stood up and walked to the end of the station. Across, on the other side, were fields of grain andtrees along the banks of the Ebro. Far away, beyond the river, were mountains. The shadow of a cloud moved across the field of grain and she saw the river through the trees.”Describing scenery on both sides also contain symbolism. On one side the country is “brown and dry”, symbolizing that the relationship between the girl and the men was week, indicating that the girl may have abortion; their prospects will be a dim and lifeless. On the other side, there are “grain” “t rees” “river”. All this reveals the lush life, symbolizing another choice of the girl to give birth to the baby.2.2.4 The symbolic significance between the dialogue“Everything tastes like liquorices. Especially all the things you've waited so long for, like ab sinthe.”This is just one of the girl's sentence. There is no doubt that "tastes like liquorices" "waited so long for" also have symbolic meaning for the baby. For the girl, the baby is the source of happiness and she is optimistic with the future family life. She has longed for a family life with a baby. However, the man is unwilling to welcome the new life. Maybe for him, the baby does not "taste like liquorices" and "waited so long for".There are also some special words carrying the symbolism. For example, the word "two" appears again and again, like "two lines of rails", "Two big ones", "two glasses of beer and two felt pads", "two heavy bags". All these are symbolizing the man just cares about the 2-person world, not wishing the baby come down.Apart from the hills, other parts of the setting provide symbolism which expresses the tension and conflict surrounding the couple. The train tracks form a dividing line between the barren expanse of land stretching toward the hills on one side and the green, fertile farmland on the other, symbolizing the choice faced by each of the main characters and their differing interpretations of the dilemma of pregnancy. Jig focuses on the landscape during the conversation, rarely making eye contact with the American.It's the author's intention to choose “tracks” instead of “rails” as in the setting. Except to expressing the track, the main meaning of "track" is traces, which symbolizes the trajectory of life. People are expecting "train" arrives, but finally wedo not see the sign. The another meaning of "train" is "consequences", which implicatively show the theme. People do not know where to go for the future, only confusedly waiting.2.3 Technique of Iceberg Theory2.3.1 The style of Iceberg TheoryHemingway expresses his characteristic themes of love, stoicism, war and death in perfectly controlled prose. He seems to excise all emotion from his work while allowing it to move powerfully beneath the surface. That is his famous “Iceberg Theory”. What’s “Iceberg Theory”?As the common sense, an iceberg is divided into the visible and the invisible part by surface of the sea. The art of literature is just like a sublime iceberg, in which the objective description can never be separated from the subjective emotion. The former is visible but the later remains invisible. The one-eighth is the objective image upon which artistic emotion depends; the seven-eighths is the connotation, the submerged, suppressed part of the message, which, moreover, opens to critical view and auctorial process of exclusion----inclusion, an exercise of willed choice, which closely parallels the life-choice of the protagonist-narrator.Hemingway once said, “If a writer of the prose knows enough about what he is writing about, he may omit things that he knows and the reader, if the writer is writing truly enough, will have a feeling of those things as strongly as though the writer had stated them. The dignity of movement of an iceberg is due to only one-eighth of it being above water.”As a matter of f act, in Hemingway’s own words, the feature of his Iceberg Theory is to omit something that both the author and the reader know, and the essence of it is to explore the hidden seven-eight facts through the only one-eight obvious fact. He always tries to write on the principle of iceberg, which means there is seven-eighths of it underwater for every part that shows. Anything he knows he can eliminate and it only strengthens his iceberg. It is the part that doesn't show. Because of the image we can see the “whole” from a small part; this method is usually used to reveal social problems.2.3.2 Iceberg Theory in Hills Like White ElephantsAs we all know Hills Like White Elephants is an early work of Hemingway. Though it comes out before Iceberg Theory has been clever put out, it still can show this Iceberg Theory completely.To begin with, it omits the background of the story. The story started with a girl and a man talking about something in a station. But the readers still do not know anything abut them like their past or their future. Although from their dialogue we may get some information, to some extent, we still feel confused . One must get his or her understanding to scrutinize between the lines. If we read the story carefully we can’t help thinking what will happen to them. It makes the novel mysterious and attracts the reader’s attention.Secondly, it omits the intensely full-face conflict. The dialogue seems arbitrary, but the conflict between the two characters is just hidden. Only when the girl says out “Would you please please please please please please please stop talking.” the conflict unveils, and the story comes to an end.Furthermore, it omits the proverbial information. The whole dialogue focuses on the operation, but the author never points out what kind of is. However, the reader can know the fact that the operation may be an abortion according to the common sense of life after reading the dialogue. What’s more, there is no any words to describe the feelings of the heroes and heroines. But with the dialogue going on, we can feel the girl’s disappointment and the man’s fretfulness. As Hemingway said, what he omits is what he and the reader have known.“It's really an awfully simple operation, Jig.” the man said. “It's not really an operation at all.” From this sentence, we may find the man tries to persuade the girl to have the abortion, as he explains the abortion from his point---“simple”, “not really an operation at all”. From this we can realize the men’s selfish ness and insincerity becau se what is “simple” to him may hurt the girl and bring physical damage to her. He just does not want to undertake the responsibility of being a father or having a family. To his point, the baby is really a big trouble. Having the abortion, they can live as happily as the past. But deeply reading this novel, we may find that the baby meanseverything to the girl, and losing the baby, she will never be happy again.Although the author does not describe their emotion, from the dialogue we can see the girl is full of grief and despair, but she acts as if nothing happens; while the man is coldly selfish but pretends to be attentive. We can taste the conflict between them from existing information in this novel .The novel ends up with the unclearness of the gi rl’s final decision but we still find some hints. It’s not difficult to recognize if we pay much attention to the character’s conversation. It’s the girl who starts the dialogue; which implies that the abortion in the end will be on her decision. One detail of taking her hat off and putting it on the table means that she is getting off what covers her and wants to speak the situation out clearly. In the end of the story, the girl sees “grain” “trees” “river” on the other side. The words “I feel fine” sugges ts that she will keep the baby and starts her new life without the man.To sum up, Hemingway’s Iceberg Theory is fully reflected by his Hills Like White Elephants. For under the concise language, there exists rich information and deep feelings, which is just the highlight of the Iceberg Theory.3. ConclusionThis thesis mainly focuses on a study on Ernest Hemingway's writing style in “Hills Like White Elephants”. In this novel , his writing style appears more concrete and outstanding. We can easily understand his symbolic way of writing, which contains implication, philosophy, deep meaning and characterization. His Iceberg Theory follows the principle of omission, adopts images expressed in language of vitality, and gives the novel an everlasting position in world literature.To begin with, we discuss his unique language which is simple and natural on the surface but actually deliberate and artificial inside. In fact, his method of applying language revels his writing style clearer. This article is aimed to showing the charterers of his language by analyzing his novel “Hills Like White Elephants”. In addition, his novels are usually full of abundant use of symbolism. It makes his novel rich in capacities, contents and themes. Analyses on the significance of the symbolism in the novel make us catch the author’s meaning better. Finally, the technique of the Iceberg Theory,to some extent, makes his novels difficult to understand. He just tells what is happening without explaining what it means or introducing the background in details. Reading his novels, Readers need more patience to catch the meaning.The efforts in this thesis will be helpful to the study of other Hemingway's short stories. To begin with, the thesis will enlighten the people who are interested in Hemingway and his short stories, and give them help to further explore Hemingway’s short stories. In addition, the readers may have more deep understanding of Iceberg theory. Therefore, they will dig out more treasure in Hemingway’s s hort stories and profoundly appreciate the artistic charm in Hemingway's short story．Due to the limited experience, the research into the Iceberg theory may be incomplete and more analysis is necessary to better understand this theory. The process is tough but the future is bright.Bibliography1. Hemingway, E.1928. Men without Women [M].New York: Macmillan publishing Company.2. Baker, Carlos. "Mountain and Plain", Study of Ernest Hemingway, China: Social Science Press, 19813. Bates, H.O. "The Artistic Style of Ernest Hemingway", Study of Ernest Hemingway, China: Social Science Press, 19814. Booz, Elisabeth B. A Brief Introduction to Modern American Literature.上海外语教育出版社，19825.董衡巽编选，海明威研究[M]，北京：中国社会科学出版社，1980。
白象似的群山读后感
白象似的群山读后感《白象似的群山》是一部以自然山水为主题的文化作品，通过对大自然的描绘和对人与自然关系的思考，展现了作者对自然美的追求和对人类与自然和谐共生的向往。
读完这本书，我深受触动，感受到了自然的力量和人类与自然的关系。
书中的群山被形容为“白象似”，这样的描绘给人一种庄严而神秘的感觉。
白象是东方文化中的象征，象征着祥瑞和吉祥，而群山的形象则更加丰富多样，给人带来的感受也更加深刻。
在书中，作者通过对群山的描绘，展现了自然的壮丽和神秘，让人不由自主地沉浸其中。
而这种沉浸感，也让我深深地思考起人类与自然的关系。
在现代社会，人们往往忽视了自然的力量和美丽。
我们为了追求经济发展和物质生活的舒适，不断地开发和破坏自然资源，导致了环境的恶化和生态的破坏。
而《白象似的群山》则提醒我们，自然是我们赖以生存的根基，我们必须要保护和珍惜它。
只有与自然和谐共生，我们才能获得真正的幸福和安宁。
书中还描述了人类与自然的和谐关系。
作者通过对群山的描绘，展示了人类与自然的交融与共生。
在群山的怀抱中，人们感受到了宁静和平和的力量。
这种和谐的关系让我想起了中国古代的山水画，那些描绘了山水间人类活动的画作。
古人认为山水是人类生活的重要组成部分，人类与自然的和谐共生是一种美好的境界。
而《白象似的群山》则以一种现代的方式，呼唤我们重新审视人类与自然的关系，重新思考我们对自然的态度。
在读完《白象似的群山》后，我开始更加关注自然的美丽和力量。
我希望能够亲身去感受大自然的壮丽和神秘，去体验人类与自然的和谐共生。
我也希望能够通过自己的行动，为保护环境和生态做出一份贡献。
只有这样，我们才能真正实现人类与自然的和谐共生，让我们的世界更加美好。
《白象似的群山》是一本让人思考的书籍，它不仅仅是一部描述自然美的作品，更是一本关于人类与自然关系的哲学思考。
通过对群山的描绘和对人与自然的思考，它唤醒了我们对自然的敬畏和对和谐共生的向往。
读完这本书，我对自然的美和人类与自然的关系有了更深的理解和思考。
白象似的群山读后感
白象似的群山读后感《白象似的群山》读后感《白象似的群山》这篇小说，初读时觉得云里雾里，再读时却品出了其中的百般滋味。
小说的情节其实很简单，在一个西班牙小火车站，一对男女在等待火车。
男人试图说服女人去做一个手术，而女人却满心忧虑和抵触。
整个故事就在他们的对话中展开。
故事中的女孩，我觉得她是那样的生动鲜活。
她望向远处连绵的群山，说那些山看起来像白象。
那一瞬间，我仿佛能看到她的眼神，带着迷茫，带着对未知的恐惧，也带着一丝对美好的向往。
她的每一个细微的表情，每一个小动作，都像是在我眼前真实发生的一样。
男人呢，看似在耐心地劝说，可字里行间却透露出一种冷漠和自私。
他不断地强调手术的简单，说一切都会好起来，可他却根本没有真正去理解女孩内心的挣扎和痛苦。
让我印象特别深刻的是他们之间的对话氛围，那种紧张和压抑，就像夏日雷雨前沉闷的空气，让人喘不过气来。
女孩时而沉默，时而爆发几句带着情绪的话语，而男人总是试图用一些空洞的安慰来平息她的不安。
比如女孩说：“那实在是一种非常简便的手术，吉格。
甚至算不上一个手术。
”她的声音里有着一种故作轻松的颤抖，她其实心里怕得要命，却还要装作不在乎的样子，这种逞强让人心疼。
而男人回答：“我知道你不会在乎的，宝贝。
真的没有什么大不了。
只要用空气一吸就行了。
”瞧瞧这敷衍的话语，他根本就没有用心去感受女孩的恐惧。
在他们的对话中，我能感觉到女孩内心的希望一点点被磨灭。
她原本或许还期待着男人能给她一些真正的支持和温暖，可最终得到的只是无情的催促和冷漠的所谓“安慰”。
再看周围的环境描写，那个小小的火车站，炎热的天气，嘈杂的人声，这一切都加剧了他们内心的烦躁和不安。
当女孩再次看向群山，说：“它们看上去像一群白象。
”我想，她是在试图逃避眼前的困境，想在这看似美好的景象中找到一丝慰藉。
而男人却不耐烦地说：“我从来没有见过什么白象。
”他连女孩这点小小的幻想都要打破，他的不解风情和自私自利真的让人愤怒。
读到最后，也不知道女孩到底有没有妥协，去做那个手术。
海明威白象似的群山赏析
海明威--白象似的群山--赏析————————————————————————————————作者: ————————————————————————————————日期：ﻩ白象和群山恐怕是很难扯到一块去的,首先,山如何会是白色的呢？除非是雪山或冰山。
但如果是雪山和冰山,白色便不需要说出。
而在海明威《白象似的群山》这篇小说里，时间是盛夏，天气非常热，当然不是指的雪山。
群山看上去像一群白象，是小说里女主人公的一种感觉。
对于读者来说,它不大容易引起共鸣。
不仅如此，连她的男朋友,那个美国人也没有共鸣。
这个小说的意念是如此的朦胧，我们不禁要问：作者为什么要这样写故事?在西班牙的某个小火车站,由巴塞罗那开往马德里的快车还有四十分钟到站。
一对男女－－男人是美国人，和他一起的女人叫吉格--他们在车站的酒吧门口喝酒,候车。
这期间大约半个小时,两个人交谈着,故事描述了他们谈话的情形。
吉格怀孕了，男人感到心烦，希望女人去做流产。
女人的回答言不及义,心不在焉。
在两个地方，我们感觉到他们的分歧变得尖锐起来，涉及到他们对生活的理解。
这由他们对手术的不同看法而暴露，男人说:我们可以拥有整个世界。
女人说：不，我们不能。
这世界已经不再是我们的了。
一旦他们把它拿走，你便永远失去它了。
在谈话的尾声，分歧达到紧张的程度,女人说:你再说我可要尖声叫了。
谈话中断了一会儿，列车即将到站，女人平静下来。
男人问：你觉得好些了吗?女人说：我觉得好极了。
但是，好极了是什么意思呢?女人同意了男的看法吗？没有结局,故事戛然而止。
回顾他们的交谈,可见冲突蓄势待发，过程曲折。
对是否做流产本身，两人似乎没异议了。
男人说他不会强迫女人做，女人说我可以去做，我不在乎自己。
可在表面的一致下,读者感觉到有某种阻碍，人物各自遭受挫折。
这也意味着,他们的关系随之有所变化。
车站的这场谈话,是这种变化的前奏。
由故事被这样讲述的特点，我们逐步感受到海明威的力量。
他选择了男人和女人的关系濒临变化的这一个时刻，将潜在的心理趋势揭示出来。
白象似的群山读后感
白象似的群山读后感
白象似的群山，是一本以自然风光为主题的书籍，作者通过对自然界的描写和对人与自然的关系进行深刻的思考，让读者领略到大自然的壮丽和神秘。
在读完这本书后，我深受感动，对自然的美丽和伟大有了更深刻的认识。
在书中，作者用生动的语言描绘了群山的壮丽景色，白象似的山峰层叠起伏，仿佛一群白色的大象在天空中徜徉。
这样的景象让人感叹大自然的神奇和壮美。
同时，作者也通过对山的描写，表达了对自然的敬畏和敬重之情。
在现代社会，人们常常忽视了自然的存在，而这本书让我重新认识到自然的伟大和神秘，让我对自然充满了敬畏和感激之情。
除了对自然景色的描绘，作者还通过对人与自然的关系进行深入的思考。
在书中，作者提到了人类对自然的破坏和破坏所带来的后果。
在现代社会，由于人类的过度开发和环境污染，许多自然景观已经遭受到了严重的破坏。
这让我深感痛心，也让我对自然的珍贵有了更深刻的认识。
同时，作者也提出了保护自然的重要性，呼吁人们应该更加关注自然，保护自然，让自然景色得以永久保存。
通过这本书的阅读，我对自然的美丽和伟大有了更深刻的认识，也对人与自然的关系有了更深入的思考。
我相信，只有当人们重新
认识到自然的伟大和神秘，才能更好地保护自然，让自然景色得以
永久保存。
希望更多的人能够读到这样的书籍，重新认识自然，重
新认识自己与自然的关系，让我们共同保护我们共同的家园。
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《白象似的群山》赏析
08中本四班
严孙钦
080101453
《白象似的群山》堪称海明威短篇小说的经典。
这篇小说写于1927年。
小说情节十分简单，可以概括为：一个美国男人和一个姑娘吉格在一个车站等车，男人试图说服姑娘去做一个手术，而姑娘不愿意做。
从文本中，我们甚至不知道这个男人是谁，这个手术是什么？但看完全篇，我们可以推断出手术应该是人工流产。
从文本上看，整部小说基本上是由男人和姑娘的对话构成。
全文一共110小节，其中只有12小节是叙述。
开始的时候，两人的谈话似乎有些沉闷。
男主人公一出场就暗示着他怀着心事：当吉格问“咱们喝点什么呢”时，男人的回答却是“天热得很”。
姑娘想打破僵局，突发奇想说远处群山的轮廓在阳光下“看上去像一群白象”。
但男人有些心不在焉，他只关心怎样劝说姑娘去做手术。
姑娘显得紧张和忧虑，男人就一再解释和安慰：“那实在是一种非常简便的手术，甚至算不上一个手术。
真的没有什么大不了的，只要用空气一吸就行了。
我以为这是最妥善的办法，但如果你本人不是真心想做的，我也绝不勉强。
”姑娘终于急了：“你再说我可要叫了。
”在这里，小说的内在紧张达到了高峰，男人就去放行李包等列车进站。
回来时问姑娘：“你觉得好些了吗？”姑娘向他投来一个微笑：“我觉得好极了。
”小说就这样在高峰处迅速滑下，戛然而止。
这就结束了，总让我们感到莫名奇妙。
但多看几遍又发觉不同。
小说的叙事视角是很独特的，他不同于鲁迅的《孔乙己》中的小伙计来作为叙事视角，进而展示整个社会对孔乙己的认识。
《白象似的群山》运用的是很纯粹的限制性客观叙事视角。
小说中没有叙事者主观的评论和解释，叙事是非全知的，我们知道的和小说中的叙事者知道的一样多。
小说中的男人我们只知道他是一个美国人，其他的情况我们全然不知。
他们是谁，他们之间什么关系，他们从哪里来，要去哪里做什么，我们都不知道。
小说中，姑娘第一次把远处的群山比作白象，白象（white elephant）在英语中是寓意汉语中的“鸡肋”，食之无味，弃之可惜。
同时，白象也是古代印度最高贵的动物，但它不好供养，是一件珍贵而又不需要的礼物。
由此，我们可以把白象的象征意义与姑娘腹中的胎儿联系起来，这个孩子是不受欢迎的孩子。
这个比喻后面一再重复出现，不仅提示了小说人物的思考和表达的倾向，更演化为冲突的一个焦点。
这可以从男人随后的反应看出来。
他的反应是现实主义式的，这个比喻并不能激起他的任何诗意联想，因此姑娘有些不满，“你是不会见过的”，语调里有点怨气，但男人也和她针锋相对起来。
这里开始暗示两个人之间气氛并不愉快，存在某种紧张。
“这酒甜丝丝的就像甘草。
”姑娘说，一边放下酒杯。
“样样东西都是如此。
”
“是的，”姑娘说，“样样东西都甜丝丝的像甘草。
特别是一个人盼望了好久的那些东西，简直就像艾酒一样。
”
“喔，别说了。
”
“是你先说起来的，”姑娘说，“我刚才倒觉得挺有趣。
我刚才挺开心。
”
读到这里开始产生歧义。
姑娘说这酒像甘草甜丝丝的，男人却说“样样东西都是如此”，其实是想把话题引到流产上去，想安慰姑娘一切都会好起来的。
但下面的对话却令人费解：“‘是的，’姑娘说。
‘样样东西都甜丝丝的像甘草。
特别是一个人盼望了好久的那些东西，简直就像艾酒一样。
’”这些话是在赞同男人，但为什么男人不满：“喔，别说了。
”而姑娘也同样不满：“是你先说起来的。
”这里暗示了姑娘对堕胎的不满。
“你现在能为我做点事儿么？”
“我可以为你做任何事情。
”
“那就请你，请你，求你，求你，求求你，求求你，千万求求你，不要再讲了，好吗？”
他没吭声，只是望着车站那边靠墙堆着的旅行包。
包上贴着他们曾过夜的所有旅馆的标签。
“但我并不希望你去做手术，”他说，“做不做对我完全一样。
”
“你再说我可要尖声叫了。
”
小说的情绪发展到了高潮，这里，姑娘用了“请你，请你，求你，求你，求
求你，求求你，千万求求你”请求男人不要讲话，说明了姑娘已经忍无可忍，为什么？因为男的一再强调：如果你不愿意做的话，我不会勉强你。
但男的又一再声明：手术很简单，不会痛，潜意识里是希望女的去做手术。
“你觉得好些了吗？”他问。
“我觉得好极了，”她说。
“我又没有什么毛病罗。
我觉得好极了。
”
这是小说末尾的两句话，姑娘觉得“好极了“，小说结束。
这是海明威常用的结尾方法，评论界称之为“零度结尾”。
高潮过后，结尾平淡的滑过去，像结束又不像结束，让人如悬在高空一样。
结尾不点明主题，不表明意向，不做解释和判断。
我们不知道男人和姑娘以后会怎样，仿佛只是路过这一段故事后，其他一无所知。
《白象似的群山》历来有许多人对他进行猜想和判断。
米兰昆德拉也曾解读过这篇小说，在此只说明下他说下的结论。
昆德拉最后下结论说：“隐藏在这场简单而寻常的对话背面的，没有任何一点是清楚的。
任何一个男人都可以说那个美国人所说的一样的话，任何一个女人也都可以说和那个姑娘所说的一样的话。
一个男人爱一个女人或不爱她，他撒谎或是诚实，他都可以说同样的话。
好像这出对话在这里从世界初创之日起就等着有无数对男女去说，而与他们的个人心理无任何关系。
”但我们可以借此知道，《白象似的群山》是一个可以多重阐释的文本，他的意义有多方面组成。
正如海明威所提倡的“冰山风格”，《白象似的群山》的多义性是由于省略的艺术。
海明威注重的是呈示初始的人生境遇，呈示原生故事，因此他小说的丰富性来自生活本来固有的复杂性、相对性和诸种可能性。
参考文献：
1、陈良廷等译，《海明威短篇小说全集·上册》，上海译文出版社，1997. 7
2、郑克鲁主编，《外国文学史》（修订版），2版，高等教育出版社，2006.6。