2012年职称英语卫生类C级新增文章(含练习解析)

新增阅读理解第八篇Eat Healthy"Clean your plate!" and "Be a member of the clean-plate -club!" Just about every kid in the US has heard this from a parent or grandparent. Often，it's accompanied by an appeal:" Just think about those starving orphans in Africa!" Sure, we should be grateful for every bite of food. Unfortunately, many people in the US take too many bites. Instead of staying "clean the plate", perhaps we should save some food for tomorrow.According to news reports, US restaurants are partly to blame for the growing bellies. A waiter puts a plate of food in front of each customer, with two to four times the amount recommended by the government, according to a USA Today story. Americans traditionally associate quantity with value and most restaurants try to give them that. They prefer to have customers complain about too much food rather than too little.Barbara Rolls, a nutrition professor at Pennsylvania State University, told USA Today that restaurant portion sizes began to grow in the 1970s, the same time that the American waistline began to expand.Health experts have tried to get many restaurants to serve smaller portions. Now, apparently，some customers are calling for this too. The restaurant industry trade magazine QSR reported last month that 57 percent of more than 4,000 people surveyed believe restaurants serve portions that are too large; 23 percent had no opinion; 20 percent disagreed. But a closer look at the survey indicates that many Americans who can't afford fine dining still prefer large portions. Seventy percent of those earning at least $150,000 per year prefer smaller portions; but only 45 percent of those earning less than $25,000 want smaller.It's not that working class Americans don't want to eat healthy. It's just that，after long hours at low-paying jobs，getting less on their plate hardly seems like a good deal. They live from paycheck to paycheck ，happy to save a little money for next year's Christmas presents.词汇: orphan /''?:f?n] / n.孤儿belly /'beli/ n.肚子nutrition / nju:'tri??n / n.营养waistline / 'weistlain / n.腰围paycheck / 'pei't?ek / n.薪金支票注释:1. Be a member of the clean - plate club! 做清盘俱乐部的成员2. Just think about those starving orphans in Africa! 只要想想在非洲挨饿的孤儿们!3. take too many bites 吃得太多4. A Waiter puts a plate of food in front of each customer，with two to four times the amount recommended by the government, according to a USA Today story. 根据《今日美国》刊登的一个故事，服务员给每个顾客一盘饭菜，其量是政府推荐的2至4倍。

5. It's just that, after long hours at low-paying jobs, getting less on their plate hardly seems like a good deal. 事情是这样的，美国工人觉得做许多个小时低收入的工作下来，盘子里的饭菜量小有点不合算。

练习：1. Parents in the United States tend to ask their childrenA to save food.B to wash the dishes.C not to waste food.D not to eat too much2. Why do American restaurants serve large portions?A Because Americans associate quantity with value.B Because Americans have big bellies.C Because Americans are good eaters.D Because Americans are greedy.3. What happened in the 1970s?A The US government recommended the amount of food a restaurant gave to a customer.B Health experts persuaded restaurants to serve smaller portions.C The United States produced more grain than needed.D The American waistline started to expand.4. What does the survey indicate?A Many poor Americans want large portions.B Twenty percent Americans want smaller portions.C Fifty seven percent Americans earn $150 ,000 per year.D Twenty three percent Americans earn less than $25,000 per year.5. Which of the following is Not true of working class Americans?A They work long hours.B They live from paycheck to paycheck.C They don't want to be healthy eaters.D They want to save money for their children答案与题解:1. C 本题问的是:美国父母总是叫他们的孩子干什么?文章开头说到，每个美国孩子都能从父母或爷爷奶奶那里听到这样的话，"吃光你盘子里的东西"，"做清盘俱乐部的成员"。

这些话表达的意思就是不要浪费粮食。

因此 C 是正确的答案。

2. A 本题问的是:美国饭馆为什么饭菜给得多？第二段相关的话是这么说的：美国人在传统上把东西值不值是跟数量联系在一起，因此大多数的饭馆给的量大。

这些饭馆乐于让顾客们抱怨饭菜给得太多而不乐于让他们抱怨饭菜给得太少。

所以 A 是正确的答案。

3. D 本题问的是：20 世纪70 年代发生了什么？文章第三段是这样说的：一位宾州大学营养教授，Barbara Rolls ，告诉《今日美国》20 世纪70 年代饭馆给的饭菜的量开始增加，与此同时，美国人的腰围也开始增大。

所以 D 是对的。

4. A 本题问的是：调查报告说明了什么？选项B、C和 D 所说的数字不对。

因此唯有 A 是正确的。

A说的是：许多美国穷人希望量大。

这个信息可以在第四段中找到。

相关的句子是这么说的：许多吃不起精美正餐的美国人仍然要量大。

5. C 本题问的是:下面的哪种说法不带合美国工人的实际情况？ C 说的是：他们不想做吃得健康的人。

这个说法是不对的。

最后一段的第一句话是这么说的：美国工人不是不想做吃得健康的人。

因此 C 正确。

完形填空第二篇G oing on a dietA typical person needs about 1,800 calories per day to stay alive. These calories keep your heart 1_______and your lungs breathing. They keep your organs operating2_______and, your brain running. They also keep your body warm. A person 3______weight because he or she consumes more calories per day than needed. The only way to lose fat is to 4______the number of calories that you consume per day. This is the basic 5______behind going on a diet.6______，diets don't work for most people. They do lose weight but then 7______ the diet and put it back. Building a sensible diet and exercise plan is the key to 8______ a consistent weight. You need to figure out how many calories you need in a day and how many you 9______ take in. The next step is to add ，exercise so that you can 10______the number of calories you can consume per day.Exercise charts can show you how many calories different 11______of exercise can burn. Burning 250 or 500 calories per day can 12______a big difference. You can ride an exercise bike while you are watching TV or you can 13______ the stairs instead of the elevator. Find an exercise 14______. Exercise can be a lot easier if there is someone to talk to. It's a good idea to wear firm-fitting clothes if you are on a diet. 15______clothing acts as a reminder of what you are trying to accomplish.词汇：typical / 'tipik?l /α. 典型的，有代表性的calory / 'k?l?ri / n. 卡路里consume / k?n'sju:m / v. 消耗，消费，耗尽(燃料、能量、时间等) sensible / 'sens?bl /α. 明智的，合情理的，切合实际的consistent / k?n'sist?nt /α. 一贯的，始终如一的reminder / ri'maind? / n. 令人回忆起……的东西，提醒……的东西accomplish/ ?'k?mpli? / v. 完成，实现，做成功注释:1. ...diets don't work for most people . . . :……节食并不是对大多数人都奏效……2. You can ride an exercise bike while you are watching TV or you can…:你可以在看电视的时候骑自行车或者你可以......练习:1. A ticking B beating C running D kicking2. A properly B appropriately C approximately D effectively3. A adds B increases C gains D puts4. A cut off B take down C remove D reduce5. A way B principle C method D kind6. A Similarly B Though C Unfortunately D Although7. A go off B go on C go after D go under8. A getting B measuring C maintaining D reserving9. A preferably B actually C consistently D eventually10. A raise B go up C exceed D grow11. A ways B factors C functions D forms12. A have B do C make D give13. A walk B climb C run D take14. A partner B colleague C associate D friend15. A Tight B Loose C Casual D Formal 答案与题解:1. B 从句意来看，本句要说明"体内的热量可以使人的心脏跳动"，所以答案选择beating。