Allen, T and Eade, J, The New Politics of Identity
美国独立战争爆发前的政治辩论及其意义
・专题论文・美国独立战争爆发前的政治辩论及其意义李剑鸣 提 要:独立战争爆发前十余年间,北美殖民地人士针对英国的“新殖民地政策”展开激烈辩论,阐述殖民地反对英国政策的理由和依据,辩论从伸张殖民地居民的权利开始,逐步发展到否认英国对北美的宗主权,为谋求独立制造思想舆论,为进行革命寻找理论根据。
通过这场辩论,北美居民对殖民地的地位和命运的认识更为清醒,维护自由和争取独立的信念逐渐明确,《独立宣言》的理论思路和逻辑框架已具雏形;欧洲的政治哲学在辩论中转化为北美民众的常识,初步形成了独具特色的美国政治自由主义。
关键词:新殖民地政策 政治辩论 自由 权利 常识化七年战争结束以后,英国政府谋求强化对北美13个殖民地的管理和控制,却最终导致殖民地和母国彻底决裂,殖民地居民在对英国的政策进行抵制的同时,针对这些政策及相关问题展开讨论,形成了一场影响深远的政治大辩论①。
这场政治辩论在美国历史上乃是一大公案,涉及美国革命的起源和性质、美国政治思想传统的形成及特征等一系列重大问题,历来颇受历史学家的关注②;但在不断的阐释和评说中,许多问题的本来意义受到了遮蔽。
国内有关论著对于这场辩论大多略而不论,或偶有涉及者,亦言不及义。
本文试图从美国早期社会和政治的变动着眼,通过梳理辩论的话语及其“语境”,以解析其历史内涵,诠释其本来意义。
①②研究这场政治辩论的代表著作有Clinton Rossiter ,Seedtime of the Republic :The Origin of the A merican T radition of Political L iberty ,New Y ork ,1953;Bernard Bailyn ,The Ideological Origins of the A merican Revolution ,Cambridge ,Mass.,1967;H.Trevor Colbourn ,The L am p of Ex perience :W hig History and the Intellectual Origins of the A merican History ,New Y ork ,1974;G ordon Wood ,The Creation of the A merican Republic ,1776—1787,New Y ork ,1972,Chapter 1;John Philip Reid ,The Concept of L iberty in the A ge of A merican Revolution ,Chicago ,1988;J. C. D.Clark ,The L anguage of L iberty 1660—1832:Political Discourse and Social Dynamics in the A nglo 2A merican World ,Cambridge ,England ,1994等。
新编英国文学选读(上)chapter7
Chapter 7. The Eighteenth Century[The Age of Reason (1688——1798)]I. Historical backgroundAfter the Glorious Revolution, Whig and Tory were established. The former one represented the interests of the moneyed class, while the latter one represented the royalists.England fought many wars with France, Spain, etc. In those wars England rose as a victor making it the strongest country in navy and economy and considerably stretching its occupied land oversees extending from the west of Canada to the east of India.II. The special features of the cultural life at the timea. Political writings: the rise of the political parties led to the appearance of pamphlet wars of political writings attracting many writers to work for either of the parties or both alternatively.b. The rise of newspapers and magazines: the reason for the rise: ·Both parties had their respective ones to express their opinions. ·The rise of the middle class demanded entertainment and education and they need to express their views too.c. Coffeehouses:where people gathered to exchange ideas and thus they help to determine the literary trend of the timed. The new morality:·The emphasis on reason·The development of tolerance of different opinions in politics and religione. The influence of science and technology:·Principia Mathematica in 1687 by Newton (1642——1727)·The new epistemology of John Locke (1632——1704)f. French influence——Augustanism——neoclassicism stressing to learn from the classicals*What is classicism"The characteristics in Greek and Roman classical works. They are clarity, logic, form, proportion, balance with each other, parallelism, restraint.III. The characteristics of neoclassicism1.Reason rather than emotion and form rather than content were emphasized.2.Most of the writings at the time were didactic and satirical.3.The closed couplet was the only possible verse form for serious work for elegance, correctness, appropriateness and restraint were preferred.4.It is exclusively a "town〞poetry, catering to the interests of the "society〞in great cities. The humbler aspect of life are neglected and it showed in most part no love of nature, landscape, or country things and peoplecking romantic elements and being hostile to medieval literature6.An age of prose, especially the latter part the centuryIV. Representative authors of the time1. Daniel Defoe2. Jonathan Swift3. Joseph Addison4. Alexander Pope5. Samuel Johnson6. Henry Fieldding7. Thomas Gray8. Thobias George Smollet9. Richard Brinsley Sheridan10. Robert Burns11. William Blake1.Daniel Defoe(1661—1731)a pioneer novelist of England and also a prolific writer of books and pamphlets on a great variety of subjects.1）his life story:a.from a dissenter’s family: Presbyterian butcherb.having a questionable character in politics, but strong belief in religious freedom2)his literary achievements:·fiction:Robinson , Crusoe , Moll Flanders·contribution to journalism & regulating English trade methods and principles3) characteristics of his fiction:a.Robinson Crusoe:(1)based on real experience of a Scottish sailor but bined with his own imagination, it is still a fictional work.(2)using the picaresque frame with a story in the shape of a journal and having strong sense of journalistic truth; containing serious wisdom of life(3)The importance of the hero:i. typical of the rising English bourgeois class, practical and diligent with a restless curiosity to know more about the world and a desire to prove individual power in the face of social and natural challengesIi. a real hero of middle class different from the hero of knights or epic hero(4)moral teaching: sing praise of labour, presenting it as the source of human pride and happiness as well as a means to change man’s living conditions from desperation to prosperity(5)limitations:i. praise colonization overseas through the relationship with Fridayii. his attitude to woman is open to criticismiii. Praise slaveryb. Moll Flanders:(1) its story(2)the significance, one is for the first a woman being the protagonist; artistically more mature than Robinson: better structure and better plot; so it is written in an autobiographical form called a memoir2. Jonathan Swift(1667-1745)a churchman and also a university graduate who viewed human society with contempt and has been called a cynic and even a misanthrope. 1)his life story:His father died before he was born, and he had to accept the aid of his relatives and finished his study at Dublin University.2)his literary achievements:a.satirical essays:The Battle of Books(1696-1698), A Tale of the Tub(1696-1698)b.Writings in pamphlets:The Draiper’s Letters, A Modest Proposac.fiction:Gulliver’s Travel(1726)3)characteristics of his pamphlets:·Gulliver’s Travela. criticizing the oppression and exploitation of the Irish people by the absentee landlords and the English government.b. using bitter satire·The battle of Booksa debate happening 18th century. Some people modern people ·The Tale of the Tuba satire on various religious sects: Catholic, Anglican and dissenters’churches: changes done by different churches to the Christian doctrines·The Draiper’s Lettersrevealing the corruption and license, debased·A Modest Proposala satire on the English government’s heavy exploitation4)A Modest Proposala.It is a bitter satire on the policy of the English government towards the Irish people.b.Swift in this article suggested to the Irish people that the best way to end their misery was to produce children and sell them at market as a delicious dish for the rich.3. Joseph Addison(1672-1719)and Richard Steele(1672-1729)1) their life stories: they were born in the same year, attended the same school and later studied at the same university.they had the samepolitical trend——whig2) their literary achievements:Joseph Addison & Richard Steele·Joseph Addisonstarted the periodical essays that were the most characteristic genre of 18thcentury literature.·Richard Steelecontribution to the periodicals:The Tatler, The Spectator, The Guardian3)characteristics of their periodical essays:a.Methods:d, indirect, was admirably adapted to their purpose.2. were full of wit, humor, and satire.b. Themes:dealt with1)light topics-fashions, head-dresses, practical jokes,2)polite conversations, discussed art, philosophy, drama, and poetry, and sought in so doing not only to interest the general reader in such subjects, but also to guide and develop their tastes.3) deeper topics such immoralityOne other characteristic: draw some images of some typical middle class people:C. Style: simple language familiar to the middle men; graceful, poised, well balanced, familiar words and expressions to the readers,4)Aims of their writing:a.to educate the newly risen middle class.b.to bridge the gap between the small circle of London elegance and wit,and the large, serious, rather Puritan middle class.5)two selected pieces written by Addisona. The Royal Exchangeb. Sir Roger at Church4.Alexander Pope(1688-1744)1) his life story:·he was self-educated.·he worked hard against poor health and unfavorable conditions and gained a profound knowledge of both the classics and the craft of writing.2)his literary achievements:·An Essay on Criticism, The Rape of the Lock, An Essay on Man ·Contribution to poetry in heroic couplets3)characteristics of his poems:a. succeeded Chaucer and Dryden in bringing metrical form to its perfection.b. contained a great number of quotable lines that have passed intoeveryday speech as popular sayings, such as :"To err is human, to forgive divine〞, and "For fools rush in where angels fear to tread.〞c. limitation: Pope is never profound in thought, so the poems lack original ideas5.Samuel Johnson(1709-1784)the greatest English man of letters between Pope and Wordsworth. 1) his life story:·he was born in a book seller’s family.·he was conservative in his world outlook and was against any kind of reform or innovation.·he upheld tradition and authority. Uphold conventions authority 2)his literary achievements:·A Dictionary of the English Language·Contribution to a periodical, The Rambler,·Known for essay; his Preface to his edition of Shakespeare and The Lives of the Poets3)characteristics of his writing:Emphasizing the specification of language6. Henry Fielding(1707-1754)playwright, novelist and district law magistrate, came from an aristocratic background1) his life story:·was born to an upper-class family·began writing plays while at university and took it as his profession after leaving school.2)his literary achievements:novels:The History of the Adventures of Joseph Andrews,The History of Tom Jones3)characteristics of his novels:a. The History of the Adventures of Joseph Andrew( 1) its story and significance(2)in his preface to this novel Fielding proudly announced that he had created a new genre called ic epics in prose and discussed its characteristic feature.(3)the novel turned from a novel of seduction into one of the first exemplars of the great English panoramic tradition, which was to reach new heights later in Thackeray and Dickens.b. The History of Tom Jones(1) its story(2) Its significance:a. the understanding of allegory in the storyb. to Fielding, the countryside represents the basic goodness of human race, whereas the city stands for evil and sin.Tobias George SmollettA general introductionTobias George Smollett (19 March 1721 –17 September 1771) was a Scottish poet and author.He was best known for his picaresque novels, such as·The Adventures of Roderick Random (1748),·The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle(1751), which influenced later novelists such as Charles Dickens.·His last novel, the best novel is The Expedition of Humphry Clinker (1771), published in the year of his death.7. Thomas Gray(1716-1771)one of the representative poets at the time1) his life story:was born in London and educated at Eton and Cambridge, where he, after a grand tour on the continent, spent the rest of his life.2)characteristics of his poems:·more natural and spontaneous in thought·emphasizing emotions and sentiments3)The Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard8. Richard Brinsley Sheridan (1751-1816)1) his life story:was born in Dublin, of Irish origin, and was educated at Harrow.2)his literary achievements:drama: The Rivals, A Trip to Sarborough, The School for Scandal3)The School for Scandala. its story and significanceb. it is written in the tradition of edy of Manners, and exposes the immorality, hypocrisy, money-hunting, and scandal-mongering of the idle classes in 18th century England.9. Robert Burns(1759-1796)1) his life story:was born in Scotland in a poor peasant family and educated himself through selfstudy.2）his literary achievements:poems and songs3)characteristics of his poems and songsa.written in the Scottish dialect and in the tradition of Scottish folk songs.b.besides love lyrics, most of his poems and songs are about patriotic and political themes.10. William Blake (1757-1827)a poet as well as an engraver.1)his life story:was born in a hosier’s family in London and drew pictures andengraved to illustrate his works and the works of others.2)his literary achievements:·poems:Poetical Sketches, Songs of Innocence,Songs of Experience, Prophetic Books·broke with the neo-classical tradition both in form and in content3)characteristics of his poemsa. Songs of Innocence(1) expressed the poet’s delight in life,even in the face of sorrow and suffering.(2)the world is seen through the eyes of a child’s imagination which can be attained by adults if they cast away the follies and deceits of the hostile world and seek a visionary world through their imagination.b. Songs of Experience(1) the atmosphere is no longer sunny but sad and gloomy, and evil is found everywhere in this world.(2) through the loss of imagination, man has bee a slave to the falsehood and hypocrisy of religion and society, and thus has lost the Heaven of Innocence and gained the Hell of Experience.c. the contradiction of these two poem collections。
政治学英文著作
政治学英文著作1. "The Authoritarians" by Robert Altemeyer这本书是政治心理学领域的经典之作，作者罗伯特·阿特迈耶（Robert Altemeyer）通过对德国、意大利和西班牙等国家的研究发现，这些国家的政治领导人往往具有独裁主义倾向。
书中提出了“权威主义人格”的概念，认为这种人格特征与民主制度的稳定和发展相悖。
本书对于理解政治领导人的心理特质以及民主制度的发展具有重要意义。
2. "The Origins of Totalitarianism" by Hannah Arendt汉娜·阿伦特 （Hannah Arendt）的 极权主义的起源》是一部关于极权主义思想和政治制度的经典著作。
阿伦特认为，极权主义的出现并非偶然，而是历史、社会和心理因素共同作用的结果。
她分析了纳粹德国和苏联等极权主义国家的特点，并探讨了其对民主制度的威胁。
本书对于我们理解极权主义的本质和防范类似政治制度的发生具有重要意义。
3. "The Civic Culture" by Robert Dahl罗伯特·达尔 （Robert Dahl）的 公民文化》是一部关于民主制度发展和巩固的重要著作。
达尔认为，一个健康的民主制度需要具备一定的公民文化，包括政治参与、言论自由和法治等方面。
他通过对美国和其他西方国家的研究，提出了“多元主义”的概念，强调不同利益集团在民主制度中的平衡作用。
本书对于我们理解民主制度的运作机制和改进方向具有重要意义。
4. "The Power Elite" by C. Wright MillsC.怀特·米尔斯 （C. Wright Mills）的 权力精英》是一部关于美国社会和政治结构的经典著作。
米尔斯认为，美国社会的权力主要集中在一小部分精英手中，这些人通过经济、政治和文化等途径来维护自己的利益。
高二英语哲学思想与伦理道德单选题35题
高二英语哲学思想与伦理道德单选题35题1. "The unexamined life is not worth living." This famous statement was put forward by Socrates. What does it mainly imply?A. Life should be full of adventuresB. One should constantly reflect on lifeC. A simple life is the best lifeD. Living without thinking is also acceptable答案：B。
解析：苏格拉底的这句话强调人应该不断审视自己的生活，也就是要不断反思生活。
选项A说生活应该充满冒险，与原句表达的哲学思想无关；选项C说简单的生活是最好的生活，原句未涉及生活简单与否；选项D说不思考地活着也是可以接受的，这与原句表达的“未经审视的生活不值得过”相悖。
2. Kant once said, "Two things awe me most, the starry sky above me and the moral law within me." What does the "moral law within me" refer to?A. Social laws and regulationsB. Personal conscience and sense of right and wrongC. Religious commandmentsD. Rules made by others答案：B。
解析：康德所说的“我内心的道德法则”指的是个人的良知和是非观。
选项A社会法律法规是外在的规定，并非康德这里所说的内心的道德法则；选项C宗教戒律与康德的哲学思想中的“内心的道德法则”概念不同；选项D他人制定的规则也不是康德所指的内心的道德法则。
八年级英语下册Unit6Anoldmantriedtomovethemountains.知识点整理
八年级英语下册Unit6Anoldmantriedtomovethemountains.知识点整理八年级英语下册Unit6 An ld an tried t ve the untains知识点整理八年级英语下册Unit6Anldantriedtvetheuntains知识点整理语法难点unless引导条状语从句unless=if…nt“除非，若不”Theillgtrrunlessitrains=Theillgtrrifitdesn’trainsassnas引导时间状语从句。
“一……就”Heilleandseeuassnashean3sthat引导结果状语从句句型1“主语+谓语+s+形容词/副词+that从句”Theindassstrngthateuldhardlvefrard句型2：s+形容词+a/an+单数名词+that从句Itasshtadathattheallentsiing句型3s+an/fe+复数名词+that从句Hehassfefriendsthatheftenfeelslnel句型4：s+uh/little+不可数名词+that从句IhadslittlenethatIuldn’tbuapen三．知识点讲解与练习Hdesthestrbegin?故事是怎么发生的？【解析】begin→began→begunv开始→beginningn开始atthebeginningf在……开始【拓展】begintdsth/dingsth开始做某事Liundi______________tplathepianattheagef42AantlduGngthatheuldneverdit一个人告诉愚公他绝不可能把山移走。
【解析1】tellsbthat告诉某人【辨析】spea/tal/sa/tell说某种语言用speaspeaEnglish说英语与某人交谈用taltalithsb=taltsb与某人交谈强调说话内容用sasaitinEnglish用英语说告诉某人用telltellsbtdsth告诉某人做某事【记】Heantstiprvehis__________English,b________Englishit hnative____________sa“讲，说”，强调说话内容。
4章新韦伯主义_81330602
市场能力的概念 吉登斯提出了市场能力（ 吉登斯提出了市场能力（market capacity）的概念，其涵义是个人可以 ）的概念， 带到市场上增强其讨价地位的各种形式 的相关属性（ 的相关属性（attributes）。 ）。 吉登斯认为从市场能力的角度看， 吉登斯认为从市场能力的角度看，工资 劳动者也拥有特殊的“财产” 劳动者也拥有特殊的“财产”：“就是 他带到契约关系中等待售卖的劳动力” 他带到契约关系中等待售卖的劳动力”。
有两种结构化： 有两种结构化：间接和直接
阶 级 关 系 间 接 结 构 化 （ mediate structuration of class relationships） ） 阶级形成中的一些中介因素的作用， 阶级形成中的一些中介因素的作用 ， 由 于这些中介因素的作用而导致可以从市 场中分辨出来的阶级群体的形成
不同程度的阶级意识 ： 最初级的阶级意识： 最初级的阶级意识 ： 只感觉到了阶 级身份， 级身份 ， 感觉到了和其他阶级有差 别。 阶级冲突的概念” “ 阶级冲突的概念 ” ： 即意识到有 对立的利益、有对立的阶级存在。 对立的利益、有对立的阶级存在。 最高的层次， 革命的阶级意识” 最高的层次 ， 是 “ 革命的阶级意识 ” revolutionary class （ consciousness） ： 对社会制度全 ） 面重组
生平： 生平：1938年1月出生于伦敦北部 年 月出生于伦敦北部
赫尔大学（ 赫尔大学（Hull University）毕业 ） 伦敦经济学院， 伦敦经济学院，硕士学位 莱斯特大学任讲师， 莱斯特大学任讲师，讲授社会心理学 1966-1968年曾到温哥华和美国加州任 年曾到温哥华和美国加州任 教 剑桥大学教授 后来做到伦敦经济学院的院长
美国简史选择题及答案(1-16章)
1.From 1622 unit his death, _____, one of the greatest of colonial American, was reelected thirty times as governor.A.Anne BradstreetB. William BradfordC.Edward TaylorD. Thomas Paine2.____carries the voice not of an individual but of a whole people. It is more than writing of the Revolutionary period, it defined the meaning of the American Revolution.mon SenseB. The American CrisisC.Declaration of IndependenceD. Defence of the English People3.____usually was regarded as the first American writer.A.William BradfordB. Anne BradstreetB.Emily Dickinson D.Captain John Smith4.Anne Bradstreet was a Puritan poet. Her poems made such a stir in England that she became known as the “____”who appeared in America.A.Ninth MuseB. Tenth MuseC. Best MuseD. First Muse5.The ship “——” carried about one hundred pilgrims and took 66 days to beat its way across the Atlantic. In December of 1620, it put the Pilgrims ashore at Plymouth, Massachusetts.A.SunflowerB.ArmadaC.MayflowerD.Pequod6.From 1733 to 1758, Benjamin Franklin wrote and published his famous____,an annal collection of proverbs. BA.The AutobiographyB.Poor Richard’s Almanacmon SenseD.The General Magazine7.Which is not connected with Thomas Paine?mon SenseB.The American CrisisC.The Rights of ManD.The Autobiography8.”These are the times that try men’s souls”,these words were once read to Washington’s troops and did much to spur excitement to further action with hope and confidence.Who is the author of these words?A.Benjamin FranklinB. Thomas PaineC.Thomas JeffersonD.George Washington9.Who was considered as the “Poet of American Revolution”?A.Anne BradstreetB.Edward TaylorC.Michael WigglesworthD.Philip Freneau10.The secular ideals of the American Enlightenment were exemplified in the life and career of ____.A.T homas HoodB.Benjamin FranklinC.Thomas JeffersonD.George Washington11.It was not until January 1776 that a widely heard public voice demanded complete separation from England. The voice was that of ___, whose pamphlet Common Sense, with its heated language, increased the growing demand for separation.A.Thomas PaineB.Thomas JeffersonB.George Washington D.Patrick Henry12.In American literature, the eighteen century was the age of the Enlightenment.____was the dominant spirit. BA.HumanismB.RationalismC.RevolutionD.Evolution13.At the Reason and Revolution Period, Americans were influenced by the European movement called the ____. CA.Chartist MovementB.Romanticist MovementC.Enlightenment MovementD.Modernist Movement14.In American literature, the enlighteners were favorable to _____. DA.the colonial orderB.religious obscurantismC.the Puritan traditionD.the secular literature15.The English colonies in North America rose in arms against their parent country and the Continental Congress adopted____in 1776. AA.the Declaration of IndependenceB.the Sugar ActC.the Stamp ActD.the Mayflower CompactChapters 31.____is respectfully remembered as a master of adventurous narrative and as the creator of an American hero-myth. CA.Washington IrvingB. John Greenleaf WhittierC. James Fenimore CooperD.Oliver Wendell Holmes2.A new ____had appeared in England in the last years of the eighteenth century. It spread to continental Europe and then to American early in the nineteenth century. CA.realismB.critical realismC.romanticismD.naturalism3.The importance of the frontier and the wilderness in American literature is for the first time well illustrated in the following works:___. CA.Benjamin Franklin’s The AutobiographyB.Washington Irving’s The Sketch BookC.James Fenimore Cooper’s The Leather stocking TalesD.Ralph Waldo Emerson’s Nature4.Choose Washington Irving’s works from the following. DA.The Sketch BookB.Bracebridge HallC. A History of New YorkD.Tales of a Travelers5.The period before the American Civil War is generally referred to as_____. AA.the Romantic PeriodB.the Modern PeriodC. the Naturalist PeriodD. the Realistic Period6.There is a good reason to state that New England Transcendentalism was actually ____on the Puritan soil. AA.RomanticismB.PuritanismC.MysticismD.Unitarianism7.In 1826 as an American diplomatic attache, Washington Irving was sent to Spain where he gathered material for his following works EXCEPT____. CA.The History of the Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus,1828B.The Chronicles of the Conquest of Granada,1829C.The Life of Goldsmith, 1829D.The Alhambra, 18329. There is the famous___, in which there is the memorable event of an apparently headless horseman throwing his head at his rival in love, and the memorable character of Ichabod Crane with his mixture of shrewdness, credulity, self-as-sertiveness, and cowardice. BA.Rip Van WinkleB.The Legend of Sleep HollowC.The PioneersD.The American ScholarChapters 4-71.In 1836, a little book entitled____written by Ralph Waldo Emerson came out which made a tremendous impact on the intellectual life of America. AA.NatureB. The TranscendentalistC.PowerD.Wealth2.As a philosophical and literary movement, ____flourished in New England from the 1830s to the Civil War. DA.modernismB. rationalismC.sentimentalismD. transcendentalism3.Transcendentalist doctrines found their greatest literary advocates in ___Henry David Thoreau. BA.Thomas JeffersonB.Ralph Waldo EmersonC.Philip FreneauD.Edgar Allan Poe4.Transcendentalist recognized ____as the “highest power of the soul”.AA.intuitionB.logicC.data of the sensesD.thinking5.Edgar Allan Poe’s ____was an ingenious detective story and became the ancestor of the genre, influencing, among others, Conan Doyle. CA.The Fall of the House of UsherB.The Gold BugC.The Murders in the Rue MorgueD.The Purloined Letter6.From the following, which one is NOT the characteristic of Ralph Waldo Emerson’s poetry? DA.Being highly individualB.Harsh rhythmsck of form and polishck of optimism7.The publication of ___established Ralph Waldo Emerson as the most eloquent spokesman of New England Transcendentalism. AA.NatureB.Self-RelianceC.The American ScholarD.The Divinity School Address8.From Henry David Thoreau’s jail experienc e, came his famous essay, ___,which states Thoreau’s belief that no man should violate his conscience at the command of a government.A.WaldenB.NatureC.Civil Disobediencemon Sense9. Herman Melville called his friend Nathaniel Hawthorne ____in American literature. AA.the largest brain with the largest heartB.father of American poetryC.the transcendentalistD.the American scholar10.”The universe is composed of Nature and the soul...Spirit is present everywhere”. This is the voice of the book Nature written by Emerson, which pushed American Romanticism into a new phase, the phase of New England___. BA. RomanticismB.TranscendentalismC.NaturalismD.Symbolism11.Which of the following works is generally regarded as “the Bible of New England Transcendentalism”? DA. On BeautyB. WaldenC.The Conduct of LifeD.Nature12. ___is an appalling fictional version of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s belief that “the wrong doing of one generation lives into the successive ones” and that evil will come out evil though it may take many generations to happen. BA.The Marble FaunB. The House of Seven GablesC.The Blithedale RomanceD.Young Goodman Brown13. The giant Moby Dick may symbolize all EXCEPT____. BA.mystery of the universeB.sin of the whaleC.power of the Great NatureD.Evil of the world14. In Moby Dick, the voyage symbolizes____. BA.natureB.a search for truthC.the unknown worldD.the microcosm of human societyChapters8-101.Generally speaking, all those writers with a naturalistic approach to human reality tend to be ___. CA.transcendentalistsB.idealistsC.pessimistsD.impressionists2.Mark Twain, one of the greatest 19th century American writers, is well known for his____. CA.international themeB.waste-land imageryC.local colorD.symbolism3.In Henry James’ Daisy Miller, the author tries to portray the young woman as an embodiment of ____. BA.the force of conventionB.the free spirit of the New WorldC.the decline of aristocracyD.the corruption of the newly rich4.Which of the following is not written by Henry James? DA.The Portrait of A Lady and The EuropeansB.The Wings of the Dove and The AmbssadorsC.What Maisie Knows and The BostoniansD.The Genius and The Gilded Age5.Henry James experimented with different themes in his literary career, the most influential one being____. CA.nothingnessB.disillusionmentC.international themeD.relationship between men and women6.Theodore Dreiser’s Trilogy of Desire includes three novels. They are The Financier, The Titan and ____. AA.The StoicB.The GiantB.The Tycoon D.The Genius7.Stylistically, Henry James’ fiction is characterized by___. AA.highly refined languageB.ordinary American speechC.short, clear sentencesD.abundance of local images8.The book from which “all modern American literature comes” refers to ___. DA.The Great GatsbyB.The Sun Also RisesC.Moby DickD.The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn9.The impact of Darwin’s evolutionary theory on the American thought and the influence of the 19th-century French literature on the American men of letters gave rise to yet another school of realism:_____. BA.American modernismB.American naturalismB.American vernacularism D.American local colorism10.While embracing the socialism of Marx, Jack London also believed in the triumph of the strongest individuals. This contradiction is most vividly projected in the patently autobiographical novel___. CA.The Call of the WildeB.The Sea WolfB.Martin Eden D.The Iron Heel11.Stephen Crane’s best short stories include Open Boat, An Experiment and ___,all reinforcing the basic Crane motif environment and heredity overwhelming man. CA.The Black RidersB.A Man Said to the UniverseC.The Blue HotelD.The Red Badge of Courage12.The main theme of ____The Art of Fiction reveals his literary credo that representation of life should be the main object of the novel. AA.Henry James’B.Willian Dean Howells’C.Mark Twain’sD.Jack London’s13.Which statements about O.Henry is NOT right? DA.His stories are a penetrating criticism of America of the time.B.The ends of his stories are always surprising. AC.The plots of his stories are exceedingly clever and interesting.D.Many of his stories contain a great deal of slang and colloquial expressions.14.The publication of the novel____stirred a great nation to its depths andhurried on a great war. DA.My Bondage and My FreedomB.Stanzas on FreedomB.Voices of Freedom D.Uncle T om’s Cabin15.War in the novel____by Stephen Crane is a plain slaughter-house. There is nothing like valor or heroism on the battlefield, and if there is anything, it is the fear of death, cowardice, the natural instinct of man to run from danger. DA.War Is KindB.The Man That Corrupted HandleyburgC.The Black RidersD.The Red Badge of CourageChapters11-161.In which of the following works, Hemingway presents his philosophy about life and death through the depiction of the bull-fight as a kind of microcosmic tragedy? DA.The Green Hills of AfricaB.The Snows of KilimanjaroB.To Have and Have Not D.Death in the Afternoon2.___is Hemingway’s first true novel in which he depicts a vivid portrait of “The Lost Generation”. AA.The Sun Also RisesB.A Farewell to ArmsB.In Our Time D.For Whom the Bell Tolls3.F.Scott Fitzgerald’s fictional world is the best embodiment of the spirit of ___. AA.the Jazz AgeB.the Romantic PeriodB.the Renaissance Period D.the Neoclassical Period4.Which one of th e following figures does NOT belong to “The Lost Generation”? CA.Ezra PoundB.William Carlos WilliamsB.Robert Frost D.Theodore Dreiser5.The following writers were awarded Nobel Prize for literature EXCEPT_____. AA.F.Scott FitzgeraldB.William FaulknerB.John Steinbeck D.Ernest Hemingway6.____showed great interest in Chinese literature and translated the poetry of Li Po(Li Bai) into English, and was influenced by Confucian ideas. CA.T.S.EliotB.E.E.CummingsC.Ezra PoundD.Robert Frost7.Choose the novel of the following Not written by F.Scott Fitzgerald. CA.The Great GatsbyB.Tender Is the NightC.This Side of ParadiseD.The Beautiful and the Damned8.Thomas Stearns Eliot’s later poetry took a positive turn toward faith in life. This was demonstrated by ____, a poem of mystical conflict between faith and doubt. CA.The Waste LandB.The Hollow MenC.Ash-WednesdayD.Four Quartets。
英语政治术语练习30题
英语政治术语练习30题1. The United Nations is an important ____ organization.A. international politicsB. international politicalC. politically internationalD. politics international答案：B。
本题考查形容词修饰名词的用法。
选项 A 中“international politics”是名词短语，不能修饰“organization”；选项C“politically international”是副词+形容词的组合，也不能修饰名词；选项D“politics international”顺序错误。
选项B“international political”是形容词+形容词的组合，可以修饰“organization”，表示“国际政治的”。
2. The ____ of the United States is a complex system.A. political systemB. politics systemC. system politicalD. system of politics答案：A。
“political system”是固定短语，意为“政治制度”，选项B 中“politics system”的表述不正确；选项C“system political”顺序错误；选项D“system of politics”意为“政治的体系”，不符合常用表达。
所以选A。
3. The European Union plays a significant role in ____ affairs.A. regional politicsB. politics regionalC. regional politicalD. political regional答案：C。
品格教育英文参考书籍单
∙∙Title:Conduct and character :readings in moral theory /Author: Timmons, Mark,Publisher:Belmont, Calif. :Thomson/Wadsworth,c2003.ISBN:0534585310Page:x, 291 p. ; Price:Subject: Ethics.ClassNo:B82 CallNo:中大馆B82/C746 E4*Link Informatio:详细书目信息∙∙Title:Human character and morality :reflections from the history of ideas / Author: Hudson, Stephen D.,Publisher:Boston :Routledge & Kegan Paul,1986.ISBN:0710207700Page:xvii, 164 p. ; Price:Subject: Ethics.ClassNo: CallNo:中大馆B82/H886aa *Link Informatio:详细书目信息∙∙Title:Moral imagination and character development /Author: McLean, George F.Publisher:Washington, D.C. :Council for Research in Values and Philosophy,c2003.ISBN:1565181743 (v. 1)Page:2 v. ; Price:Subject: Imagination (Philosophy)ClassNo:B82 CallNo:中大馆B842.4/M828 *Link Informatio:详细书目信息∙∙Title:Moral imagination in personal formation and character development / Author: McLean, George F.Publisher:Washington, D.C. :Council for Research in Values and Philosophy,2003.ISBN:1565181816 (pbk. : alk. paper)Page:p. cm. Price:Subject: Christian ethicsClassNo:B82 CallNo:中大馆B82/M828xa *Link Informatio:详细书目信息∙Loading bookcover ... ∙Title:The political character of adolescence :the influence of families and schools / Author: Jennings, M. Kent.Niemi, Richard G.,Publisher:Princeton, N.J. :Princeton University Press,1974.ISBN:0691093628Page:xvi, 357 p. : Price:Subject: YouthClassNo: CallNo:中大馆HQ796 .J45Link Informatio:详细书目信息∙Loading bookcover ...∙题名:美国“蓝带学校”的品性教育：应对挑战的最佳实践：best practices for meeting the challenge 作者:墨菲周玲张学文出版项:北京：中国轻工业出版社，2002ISBN:7-5019-3523-8页码:[25], 281页价格:CNY18.00主题:学校教育分类:G631.6索取号:中大馆G631.6/2相关搜索：当当网相关信息：详细书目信息∙Haven't cover∙Title:Oxford apostles :; character study of the oxford movement /Author: Faber, Geoffrey.Publisher:Harmon. :Penguin Books,1936.ISBN:Page:421 p. ; Price:Subject:ClassNo:Z156.1 CallNo:中大馆Z156.1/P384-1/A300Link Informatio:〖馆藏信息〗细书目信息∙∙Title:Adam Smith and the character of virtue /Author: Hanley, Ryan Patrick,Publisher:Cambridge, UK :Cambridge University Press,2009.ISBN:0521449294Page:xvi, 224 p. ; Price:Subject: Smith, Adam,Virtue.ClassNo:B82-09 CallNo:中大馆B82-09/H241 *Link Informatio:。
confidence in the political system选自
confidence in the political system选自"Confidence in the political system" 是一个常见的表达，通常用来描述人们对某个国家或地区政治制度的信任程度。
这个表达可能会出现在各种文章、演讲、研究报告等中。
以下是一个示例，包含了超过 400 字的关于 "Confidence in the political system" 的选文：**The Importance of Confidence in the Political System**Confidence in the political system is the cornerstone of a healthy democracy. It refers to the public's trust and belief in the institutions, processes, and leaders of a political system. When the public has confidence in the political system, they are more likely to participate in the political process, support the decisions made by the government, and abide by the laws and regulations.Confidence in the political system is essential for several reasons. Firstly, it helps to ensure political stability. A stable political system is crucial for the development and prosperity of a country. When the public has confidence in the political system, they are less likely to engage in political protests or violent conflicts, which can lead to social unrest and political instability.Secondly, confidence in the political system promotes government effectiveness. When the public trusts the government and its institutions, they are more likely to cooperate with the government and support its policies and initiatives. This, in turn, can help the government to implement its policies more effectively and achieve its goals.Lastly, confidence in the political system is essential for the protection of human rights and freedoms. A democratic political system is based on the principles of human rights and freedoms, such as freedom of speech, assembly, and religion. When the public has confidence in the political system, they are more likely to defend and uphold these principles, ensuring that they are protected and respected.In conclusion, confidence in the political system is crucial for the health and functioning of a democracy. It helps to ensure political stability, promotes government effectiveness, and protects human rights and freedoms. Therefore, it is the responsibility of governments and politicians to build and maintain public confidence in the political system by upholding the principles of democracy, transparency, and accountability.。
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Course of Study: SAND3
Name of Designated Person authorising scanning: Vasudha Chhotray
Title: Poverty and Development into the 21st Century
Name of Editors: Tim Allen and Alan Thomas
Title of the article: “The New Politics of Identity”
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