Chapter 4_4
汉英比较与翻译chapter 4

17
English: right-extending heavy-tailed like a peacock
This is the cat. This is the cat that killed the rat. This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the malt(麦芽). This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the malt that lay in the house. This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the malt that lay in the house that was built by Jack. …
英语国家沿袭了古代希腊人非常严格和规 范的语词系统。古代希腊人认为,语词系统 与思维系统是相一致的,要表达一个清晰合 理的思想就离不开清晰合理的词形和句法。 而在一个毫无条理的陈述结构中,思想肯定 也是杂乱无章的,而杂乱无章的思想是没有 意义的。英语形合的特征正是在这样一种 背景之下形成的。
与之相反,中国人重直觉,强调意念流, 只要能够达意,词的形式是无关紧要的, 词语之间的关系常在不言中,语法意义 和逻辑关系常隐藏在字里行间。正所 谓‚子曰:辞,达而已矣‛(《论语.卫灵 公》)。(The master said, in official speeches, all that matters is to get one’s meaning through.)
26393193_Chapter_4_Aladdin's_love第四章阿拉丁的爱情

有了戒指和灯的帮助,阿拉丁的生活发生了极大的变化。
而在遇见公主的那一刻起,阿拉丁便决定要娶她为妻。
接下来他会怎么做呢?他会不会成功呢?Chapter4Aladdin s love第四章阿拉丁的爱情Judith DeanScene1Meeting the princess遇见公主Five years later,Aladdin had a shop in the market and three market sellers worked for him.The sellers liked Aladdin because he was good to them.The market children liked Aladdin too,because he gave them money when he walked past. Everybody liked Aladdin. Aladdin s mother never called her son a good⁃for⁃nothing now.They had a nice house near the gardens and she had many beautiful things.But only Aladdin and his mother knew about the magic lamp and the jinnee.One day Aladdin heard a noise in the street and stopped to listen.“The Sultan s daughter is coming,”he heard.“Princess Badr⁃al⁃Budur is coming!”Six slaves carried the princess th⁃rough the streets in a litter(轿),and the people stopped to watch.“Princess!Prin⁃cess Badr⁃al⁃Budur!”they called. Aladdin watched when the litter came past him,and he saw the princess s face. She was beautiful,with big dark eyes—the most beautiful woman in Arabia.The litter went past Aladdin,but for some minutes he did not move.Then he ran home.“Mother!Mother!I saw the Sultan s daughter,Princess Badr⁃al⁃Budur,in the street.”Aladdin s face was white.“I must have the princess for my wife!”“But,Aladdin...”his mother began.“No‘buts’,Mother.I love the prin⁃cess and I want to marry her.Go to the Sul⁃tan and ask for me.”“Me?Go to the Sultan s palace?No, no,no,”Aladdin s mother said.“Listen,my son.The daughters of a Sultan do not marry poor boys from the city.”“But we are not poor now,Mother. And we can give the Sultan something for his daughter.Wait.”Aladdin went away and got the fruit from the magic garden under the ground. At that time,of course,he knew it was not fruit,but white,red,green,and yellow jew⁃els.“Take these jewels,Mother,on a gold plate,”he said,“and give them to the Sul⁃tan.”Scene2Journey to the palace王宫之行So the next day Aladdin s mother car⁃ried a gold plate with many beautiful jew⁃els on it to the Sultan s palace.She went into a long room,but when she saw the Sul⁃tan,his vizier(大臣),and all his slaves, she was very afraid.So she waited quietly in the room and spoke to nobody.In the evening,she went back home again with the jewels.Aladdin was very angry with her.“Mother,you must speak to the Sul⁃tan,”he said.“I have no father to do this for me.You must help me—I must marry the princess.I love her!”So the next day,and for many days af⁃ter that,Aladdin s mother went to the pal⁃ace,but she was always afraid to speak.In the end,the Sultan saw her and asked his vizier,“Who is that woman?Why does she come to the palace every day?”The vizier spoke to Aladdin s mother,“Do you want to speak to the Sultan?Yes?Come with me.”The vizier took Aladdin s mother to the Sultan,and she put her head on the ground at his feet.“Get up,woman.Why do you come here every day?”the Sultan asked.“Speak, woman.”“Your Majesty,”Aladdin s mother said quietly,“I have a son,a good young man. He is called Aladdin.He loves your daugh⁃ter,Princess Badr⁃al⁃Budur.He cannot sl⁃eep or eat because of her.He wants to marry her.”The Sultan laughed.“What?Marry my daughter?Your son?”“Your Majesty,these jewels are for you,from my son Aladdin.”And Aladdin s mother put the gold plate with the jewels in front of the Sultan s feet. Everybody looked at the jewels,and the long room was suddenly very quiet. Then the Sultan spoke.“These are very beautiful jewels,”he said.“No man in Arabia has jewels more wonderful than these.Your son is a rich man—a good husband for my daughter.”Scene3Help from the magic lamp来自神灯的帮助The vizier did not like to hear this,be⁃cause he wanted the princess to marry hisson.“Your Majesty,”he said quietly in the Sultan s ear,“my son is a rich man,too. Give him three months,and he can find better jewels than these.”“Very well,”said the Sultan.And to Aladdin s mother he said,“Your son must wait for three months,and then perhaps he can marry my daughter.”Aladdin s mother went home to tell Ala⁃ddin,and the vizier went away to speak to his son.And every day,for two months,the vizier s son came to the Sultan and gave him gold,jewels,and many beautiful things. For two months Aladdin waited hap⁃pily,but one day his mother came home from the market and said,“Oh,Aladdin! Aladdin!The princess is going to marry the vizier s son!I heard it in the market. Everybody s talking about it.”When Aladdin heard this,he was very unhappy.“What can I do?”he thought.He put his head in his hands and thought for a long time.And when night came,he took out the magic lamp and rubbed it... WHOOSH!“What is your wish,mas⁃ter?”said the jinnee of the lamp.“Bring Princess Badr⁃al⁃Budur to me,”said Aladdin.“To hear is to obey.”In a second the jinnee was back with the princess asleep in his arms.He put her carefully on a bed,and then the princess opened her eyes and saw Aladdin.“Who are you?”she asked,afraid.Aladdin took her hand and looked into her eyes.“My name is Aladdin,and I love you,”he answered.“I cannot live without you,and I want to marry you.”Badr⁃al⁃Budur saw the love in his eyes,and smiled.She closed her eyes again,then the jinnee carried her back to the Sultan s pal⁃ace.The next morning she remembered Aladdin s eyes.“There is no love in the eyes of the vizier s son,”she thought.“He thinks only of gold and of jewels.”So the princess went to her father.“I do not want to marry the vizier s son,”she said.“I want Aladdin for my hus⁃band.”Scene4Aladdin s wish came true阿拉丁愿望成真The Sultan was very surprised.“What can we do?”he said to his vizier.“My daughter wants to marry this man Aladdin. He is a rich man;it is true—but who is he?”“Ask him,”said the vizier quickly,“for more of those beautiful jewels,on forty gold plates.And forty slave⁃girls,withfortyslaves.Nobody is that rich.”“Very good,”smiled the Sultan,and said to his slaves,“Bring Aladdin s mother to me.”When Aladdin s mother arrived,the Sultan said,“So!Your son wants to marry my daughter.But first he must give me forty gold plates with jewels.Forty slave⁃girls,with forty slaves,must carry the plates to me.Then my daughter can be his wife.”Aladdin s mother went home and told her son,and Aladdin smiled.This was easy for the jinnee of the lamp,of course,and the next day,when Aladdin went to the pal⁃ace,everybody in the city came out to watch.First came forty slave⁃girls in dresses of gold,and every girl carried a gold plate with wonderful jewels on it.After them walked forty slaves in coats of gold.And last came Aladdin,on a beautiful white horse.“What do you say now?”the Sultan said quietly to the vizier,when he saw all these wonderful things.“Aladdin must marry my daughter.How can I say no?”And the Sultan went to Aladdin and took his hands.“My son,”he said,“you can marry my daughter tonight.”“Tomorrow,Your Majesty,”said Ala⁃ddin.“Because before I marry your daugh⁃ter,she must have a palace—the most beautiful palace in Arabia.”The jinnee of the lamp worked all night,and the next morning the Sultan saw from his window a beautiful new palace, with gardens of fruit trees and flowers.“Wonderful!”he said.“Black magic!”said the vizier quietly. That night Aladdin married Badr⁃al⁃Budur and they lived happily in the new palace.ReadingCheck1.Which sentence describes the appear⁃ance of the princess in Scene1?2.Why did Aladdin s mother go to the Sul⁃tan s palace?3.What did the jinnee of the lamp do in Scene3?4.What s the Sultan s final condition for marrying his daughter toAladdin?。
语言学第四章chapter4

英语语言学:第4章
Adverbs are words that describe or add to the meaning of a verb, an adjective, another adverb, or a sentence, and which answers the questions introduced by how, where, when, etc. carefully, slowly, then, now Prepositions are words used with nouns in phrases providing information about time, place and other connections involving actions and things.
河南大学外语学院 马应聪
英语语言学:第4章
Syntactic rules
(1) a. The hunter fears the cries of the blackbirds. b. The blackbirds fear the cries of the hunter. (2) a. Jack looked up the word. b. Jack looked the word up. (3) *Cries fear the the of hunter blackbirds the. Conclusion: The structure of sentence such as word order can change the meaning. Every sentence is a sequence of words but not every sequence of words is a sentence. Sentence formation has rules, so that we have well/ill formed or (un)grammatical sentences.
中国文化概况 chapter 4

minutes)
How do you understand Chinese calligraphy?
Chinese calligraphy is also called the art of lines.
Calligraphy’s purpose is to retain the beauty of nature and illuminate man’s spiritual beauty. It stresses the overall layout and harmony between words and lines.
The Seal Form (篆书)
Soft lines of strokes and upright rectangular shape keep the seal form characters more close to pictography (象形文字).
Each of the characters has a balanced and symmetrical (对称的) pattern.
The Chinese saying “The handwriting reveals the person” (字如其人), is directly related to calligraphy.
Strokes (笔画) of Chinese Characters
chapter_4(全)

Example 1 Example 2 Example 3
English Version
VOCABULARY EQUIVALENCE:
yellowbellied
yellow streak
VOCABULARY EQUIVALENCE
NO DIRECT TRANSLATI ON BETWEEN THE 2 LANGUAGES
table a plan place a book thumb a lift
EXPERIENTIAL EQUIVALENCE
EXPERIENTIAL EQUIVALENCE
motel parliament Thanksgiving
炕
太极
文化大革命
CONCEPTUAL EQUIVALENCE
LIKE HUMBOLDT SAID: “The differences in languages are not differences in sounds and signs but differences in world views.”
VOCABULARY EQUIVALENCE?
Zumu (nainai) Wai zumu Grandmother? I played with my girl friend yesterday (?) ANIMALS: As strong as a horse / ox As proud as a peacock As regal as a lion As blind as a bat As wise as an owl Lucky dog
大学英语 跨文化交际
Chapter 4 Intercultural Communication Barriers
英语:Chapter-4-《Some-Days;Never-a-dull-moment》Reading课件(1)(牛津沈阳版八七年级下)

Chapter 4 Some Days; Never a dull
moment
Reading
【教材说明与学情分析】
1、教材地位分析:(Analysis of teaching material) 本课时的学习任务是牛津初中二年级第四单元的阅
读部分,从整个初中牛津英语教材来看,它有代词 的用法和it做形式宾语的用法。这两个知识点都是要 求初中学生所应掌握的。而且从本单元来看,处于 第一课时,为后面的写作任务打下伏笔;从学习内 容来看,它属于一种诗歌形式,对于学生来说,诗 歌是他们第一次接触到,会使他们感兴趣。但不见 得当堂能写,要从本节课起培养他们的情感表达能 力。
2、学பைடு நூலகம்分析:(Analysis of students)
本学习任务的学习者是初中二年级的学生。随着课业的增多, 任务的繁重,他们的心理处于极不稳定的时期,处于典型的 少年转型期,渐渐开始理性的思考问题,同时又没有完全脱 离孩时的童真,他们时而感觉无聊,一切都没有意思,他们 乐于与同龄人交往,在真实语境中愿意表达自己的观点,多 媒体的运用,会激发他们对英语学习的兴趣。
【教学目标】:(Teaching Aim)
知识目标:(The knowledge objective) Important words:speaker,racket,stone deaf,screamer,recite, Din bite,lively,uninteresting. Important patterns:I find it﹍﹍. Keep shouting . There be 名型
; 优可生活 ;
寻仇打斗.他爱阿盖.掌法越使越疯狂.名叫阿盖.跟随宋兵入关.”急忙替他放血.少女扭不过.往水面几扔.对付韩志国那可是万无几失
chapter 4知识点总结

Chapter 4V ocabulary1. 1 behave-behaviour--- behavioural ( adj.) --- behaviourally (adv.)behaviourism ―行为主义‖—behaviourist ―行为主义者‖2 hurt v. hurt hurt (injure 同义词)3 bully v. --- bullying n.欺凌弱小者;土霸4 violent adj.-violently adv. – violence n.5 help-helpful adj. – unhelpful adj. – helpless adj.6 education- educational (adj.)—educatoreducator ―教师,教育工作者‖ education alist ―教育家―7 medical- medicine n.8 advise v. – advice n.adviser ―顾问‖suggest—suggestion9 conclusion n. – conclude v. concluding (adj.) ―结束的‖10 formal-informal (非正式的) --formally11 communicate v. – communication n.12 accident n.- accidentally adv.13 complain v. – complaint n.14.error – mistake(同义词) mistaken err v.15. counsel v.— counselor16. far—farther / further –farthest / furthest17.persude--persuas ion n. 说服力18.courage (n.) ―勇气‖ courage ous (adj.)―勇敢的;无畏的‖courageously (adv.) ―勇敢地;无畏地‖courageousness (n.)―勇敢;无畏‖dis courage vt.―使气馁; 使沮丧19expect—expected ---unexpected (adj.) ―没有料想到的‖unexpectedly (adv.)20. suffer ( vi.)―受痛苦‖;(vt)―.忍受,‖suffering (n.)―身体或心灵的痛苦, 苦难‖21. guilt( n.)―有罪‖-- guilty ( adj.) ―有罪的‖guiltless (adj.) ―无罪的,‖(= innocent)Phrases1. bad behaviour 不好的行为2. a checkout assistant 收银员3. by accident 意外地,偶然地4. at play 在玩耍5. leave for 前往…6. too… to太…以至于不能…7. feel guilty 有负罪感8. take the underground 坐地铁9. violent behaviour 暴力行为10. pay for 付款11. by mistake 错误地12. in the future 将来13. not… at all一点也不14. be afraid of 害怕…15. search for 寻找16. make an appointment 约会17. be responsible for 为…负责18. share with 与…分享19. belong to 属于20. be busy doing sth 忙于做某事21. persuade sb to do sth / persuade sb. into doing sth. 说服某人做某事22. advise sb. to do sth. 劝说某人做…… / advise doing sth.23. wait one’s turn 等轮到某人24. apologize to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人道歉/ make an apolpgy to ….25. respond to 响应……26 . none of one’s business 不关某人的事27. if necessary 如有必要的话28. be in trouble 处于困境中29. be careful with 认真,仔细30. in the case of 在…….的情况下31. in this situation 在这种情况下32. be questioned 被审问、询问Paraphrases1.The tree is too tall for the cat to climb.It is such a tall tree that the cat can’t clim b it.2.What’s your weight?How much do you weigh?3.Read more, and you will improve your English.If you read more, you will do better in your English.4.I spent two hours writing the article yesterday.It took me two hours to write the article yesterday.5.It is so hot today.It is such a hot day today.How hot today is!What a hot day (it is today)!6. I don't know what I should do next.I don’t know what to do next.7. What about going to the cinema tonight?How about going to the cinema tonight?Why not go to the cinema tonight?What do you think of going to the cinema tonight?8.Because she was rude,I made the decision to keep the money.She was rude, so I decided to keep the money.I decided to keep the money because of her rudeness.9.The young boy is traveling alone .The young boy is travelling on his own.The young boy is traveling by himself.10.She was so busy complaining that she gave me an extra 20-yuan note in my change.She was busy complaining so that she gave me an extra 20-yuan note in my change. 11.You all seem to be good friends.It seems (that) you are all good friends.12.I found the key accidentally when I was cleaning the room.I found the key by accident / by chance when cleaning the room.13.I managed to save him.I succeeded in saving him. / I saved him successfully.14.I took the underground home yesterday evening.I went home by underground yesterday evening.15. It is a piece of cake for Tom to finish the work on timeIt is very easy for Tom to finish the work on time.16. Beijing is located in the north of China.Beijing lies in the north of China./ Beijing is in the north of China.。
英语读译教程 chapter4

主语his name, 显得新颖独特。
例2. 他想起母亲,才鼓足勇气继续干下去。
Only the thought of his mother gave him
the strength to go on doing it. 原句中的主语“他”,在译文中由抽象名词 thought取代。 4.3.2 使用无主句或主语省略句 例1. 用这种方法去办,听起来有道理。 It sounds very reasonable to do it this way.
有人敲门。
例6. there appeared ship after ship.
出现了一艘艘轮船。
例7. there occurred sudden revolution. 突然爆发了革命。 例8. there happened at this time, a sad
disagreement. 这时候发生了可悲的分歧。 例9. there sprang from the audience a cry of indignation.
从观众中传来了一声怒吼。
例1. something was said here just now
which should not have been said. 刚才有人在这里讲了一些不该讲的话。 例2. why should the troubles be always put to me? 为什么总把麻烦推给我呢?
例3. the traffic regulation ought to be
பைடு நூலகம்
obeyed by everyone. 人人都应该遵守交通规则。 例1. 我一时想不起他的名字。 His name escapes me for the moment. 原句中的用灵主语“我”在英译时转为无灵
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
Chapter 4- the narrator speculates as to which asteroid from which the little prince cameI had thus learned a second fact of great importance: this was that the planet the little prince came from was scarcely any larger than a house!But that did not really surprise me much. I knew very well that in addition to the great planets-- such as the Earth, Jupiter, Mars, Venus-- to which we have given names, there are also hundreds of others, some of which are so small that one has a hard time seeing them through the telescope. When an astronomer discovers one of these he does not give it a name, but only a number. He might call it, for example, "Asteroid325."I have serious reason to believe that the planet from which the little prince came is the asteroid known as B-612.This asteroid has only once been seen through the telescope. That was by a Turkish astronomer, in 1909.On making his discovery, the astronomer had presented it to the International Astronomical Congress, in a great demonstration. But he was in Turkish costume, and so nobody would believe what he said.Grown-ups are like that…Fortunately, however, for the reputation of AsteroidB-612, a Turkish dictator made a law that his subjects, under pain of death, should change to European costume. So in 1920the astronomer gave his demonstration all over again, dressed with impressive style and elegance. And this time everybody accepted his report.If I have told you these details about the asteroid, and made a note of its number for you, it is on account of the grown-ups and their ways. When you tell them that you have made a new friend, they never ask you any questions about essential matters. They never say to you, "What does his voice sound like? What games does he love best? Does he collect butterflies?" Instead, they demand: "How old is he? How many brothers has he? How much does he weigh? How much money does his father make?" Only from these figures do they think they have learned anything about him.If you were to say to the grown-ups: "I saw a beautiful housemade of rosy brick, with geraniums in the windows and doves on the roof," they would not be able to get any idea of that house at all. You would have to say to them: "I saw a house that cost $20,000." Then they would exclaim: "Oh, what a pretty house that is!"Just so, you might say to them: "The proof that the little prince existed is that he was charming, that he laughed, and that he was looking for a sheep. If anybody wants a sheep, that is a proof that he exists." And what good would it do to tell them that? They would shrug their shoulders, and treat you like a child. But if you said to them: "The planet he came from is Asteroid B-612," then they would be convinced, and leave you in peace from their questions.They are like that. One must not hold it against them. Children should always show great forbearance toward grown-uppeople.But certainly, for us who understand life, figures are a matter of indifference. I should have liked to begin this story in the fashion of the fairy-tales. I should have like to say: "Once upon a time there was a little prince who lived on a planet that was scarcely any bigger than himself, and who had need of a sheep…"To those who understand life, that would have given a much greater air of truth to my story.For I do not want any one to read my book carelessly. I have suffered too much grief in setting down these memories. Six years have already passed since my friend went away from me, with his sheep. If I try to describe him here, it is to make sure that I shall not forget him. To forget a friend is sad. Not every one has had a friend. And if I forget him, I maybecome like the grown-ups who are no longer interested in anything but figures…It is for that purpose, again, that I have bought a box of paints and some pencils. It is hard to take up drawing again at my age, when I have never made any pictures except those of the boa constrictor from the outside and the boa constrictor from the inside, since I was six. I shall certainly try to make my portraits as true to life as possible. But I am not at all sure of success. One drawing goes along all right, and another has no resemblance to its subject. I make some errors, too, in the littl e prince's height: in one place he is too tall and in another too short. And I feel some doubts about the color of his costume. So I fumble along as best I can, now good, now bad, and I hope generally fair-to-middling. In certain more important details I shall make mistakes,also. But that is something that will not be my fault. My friend never explained anything to me. He thought, perhaps, that I was like himself. But I, alas, do not know how to see sheep through t he walls of boxes. Perhaps I am a little like the grown-ups. I have had to grow old.。