B3U8 课文翻译及课后练习答案
Unit 8 Nature and NutureIn-class reading课内阅读参考译文基因、环境与双胞胎1 遗传与环境究竟哪一个影响更大呢在相当大的程度上，一个人生来具有的潜力将决定他一生的作为。
因此遗传即命运，是命中注定的东西。
然而，基因并不是在真空中发挥作用的；一旦我们开始认识到基因在个人发展中所起的作用，我们就会明白，没有与其相互作用的环境，就不可能有任何个人的发展。
没有一个特点是完全由环境或者完全由基因造成的。
2 遗传和环境的相对影响在同卵双胞胎中最易观察到。
大多数的同卵双胞胎是在一起抚养长大的，因而无论在外表还是行为上都惊人地相像。
这些实例证明，若在同样的环境中抚养成长，具有相同基因的个体就会以几乎同样的方式对环境作出反应。
但这些例子并不能说明如果把这些同卵双胞胎分开抚养会发生什么情况。
3 对分开抚养的同卵双胞胎已进行了许多研究。
被研究的这些双胞胎都生活在美国，成长的自然环境几乎相同，并且具有几乎相同的营养史。
因而，正如所料，他们在外表、身高和体重上极其相似。
也有例外：一对双胞胎中的一个患了相当严重的疾病而另一个却没生病；但是总体而言，同卵双胞胎，甚至从婴儿时就分离的同卵双胞胎，在心理和身体上会如此相似，给每个人留下了深刻的印象。
4 在对从一出生就分离的19对双胞胎的研究中，研究者发现，其中约三分之二的双胞胎之间的差异与一起长大的双胞胎之间的差异一样不明显。
这有力地说明了基因的影响力和环境作用的局限性。
然而，必须记住的是，尽管被研究的同卵双胞胎生活在不同家庭里且相距甚远，但总体而言，那些家庭的环境基本上没有什么差异。
通常都会千方百计地将每个孩子安置在和他自己原来的家庭背景相同的家庭里，因而发现这些双胞胎成长中有不少相似之处就不足为奇了。
但是在那些分开抚养的双胞胎的生长环境有较大差异的实例中，双胞胎之间的差异就很大。
下面的例子说明了在对比度很大的环境中成长的同卵双胞胎的情况。
5 格莱迪丝和海伦出生于俄亥俄州的一个小镇，在大约18个月时被分开抚养。
她们直到28岁才再次相遇。
海伦被领养了两次。
她最初的养父母结果靠不住，两年后海伦又被送回到孤儿院。
过了几个月，她再一次被住在密歇根东南部的一对农场主夫妇领养。
此后25年她一直住在那里。
她的第二个养母尽管本身没受过什么教育，却下决心要让海伦得到良好的教育；海伦最终大学毕业，教了12年的书，26岁时结婚，并有了一个女儿。
6 格莱迪丝被加拿大的一个列车乘务员及其妻子领养。
她读三年级的那一年，全家搬到了加拿大落基山脉一带一个相当偏僻的地方，那儿没有学校，格莱迪丝的正式教育也就此结束，直到全家搬到安大略省后才得以继续。
于是格莱迪丝就呆在家里干家务，一直到她17岁，随后在一家针织厂工作。
19岁那年她去了底特律，找到一份工作，21岁时结了婚。
7 海伦在儿童和成年时期都一直比格莱迪丝健康，但除了这一点以及各自所受的教育不同之外，她们的生活环境十分相似。
她们的体重、身高、发色和牙齿都十分相似。
她们之间的区别显然与她们各自的家庭生活和社交生活不同有关。
8 海伦自信、举止得体、充分利用了她外表的优势，在社交中也显得很从容，有修养。
格莱迪丝则害羞、忸怩、沉默寡言，缺乏迷人或优雅的风度。
一位研究她们的科学家曾经说过：“这两个双胞胎之间的悬殊差异真可谓是大学教育的颇有说服力的广告。
”9 考虑到她们环境方面的经历的本质不同，海伦和格莱迪丝之间的差异也就不足为怪了。
由于心理特点在很大程度上取决于经历，可想而知心理特点也反映经历。
另一方面，那些不易受环境影响的特点更有可能在同卵双胞胎中表现出高度的相似性。
尽管基因十分重要，但是基因本身决不能完全决定任何一个特点。
我们的能力会达到什么程度由基因注定，而我们真正做了什么则主要由环境决定。
After-class reading课外阅读参考译文科学再次关注双胞胎1 如果你对双胞胎感兴趣的话，那么双胞胎镇会使你着迷。
2 从1976年起的每个夏天，这个位于俄亥俄州克里夫兰郊外的小镇都会挤满众多的双胞胎。
去年夏天，有2,356对双胞胎从世界各地来到这里，参加并观看游行、焰火、魔术表演、五公里赛跑以及一百多项的比赛：评选出年纪最大的、年纪最小的、最像的、最不像的，以及两人相加笑起来嘴咧得最大的双胞胎。
3 你要是去过那儿的话，你可能会注意到有很多科学家也参加了这个盛会。
有些科学家是来寻找引起疾病的缘由——例如皮肤病、癌症、心脏病。
另外一些科学家则对双胞胎自身的感受感兴趣。
但是在所有的科学家中，从事最重要的——也是最有争议的——工作的是这样一些科学家，他们专门研究先天遗传和后天培养这个由来已久的问题，即研究有关我们是如何发展成现在这个样子的。
4 为什么我们有些人精通数学或擅长写作，而另外一些人则在艺术或篮球上出类拔萃是什么造成了我们在智力、才能和品味上的差异这些主要是由我们从父母那里继承来的基因（先天遗传）决定的吗同我们的生活经历（后天培养），也就是我们成长的社会环境又有多大关系呢5 如果你是一个对这个问题感兴趣的科学家，你难道不想研究一下同卵双胞胎吗想一想：从同一受精卵发育出来了两个人。
也就是说，两个人有完全相同的基因。
同卵双胞胎之间存在的任何不同都只能是他们成长环境不同的结果。
但是你能说他们之间的任何相同点都是基因相同的缘故吗6 不一定吧。
记住，大多数双胞胎都有相似的成长环境——同样的房子，同样的饮食，同样的亲戚等等。
研究分开在不同环境下抚养的同卵双胞胎，或许是你能准确衡量先天遗传和后天培养所起的作用的唯一办法。
7 在过去的10年间，由心理学家小托马斯·J·布沙尔带领的一组科学家研究了大约65对分开抚养的同卵双胞胎。
他们还研究了大约45对分开抚养的异卵双胞胎。
8 科学家们把每对双胞胎带到明尼苏达大学进行为期一周、深入细致的检测。
小组里的医生和牙医们给这些双胞胎进行了全面的体检。
他们记录了双胞胎的身高、体重、眼睛颜色、耳朵的形状和头围。
9 同时，心理学家们还对双胞胎进行了智商和性格测试。
为了测试性格，心理学家们设法测定了：双胞胎们对事情担忧的程度，他们是谨慎型的还是鲁莽型的，以及他们的创造力如何。
他们根据双胞胎们对一些陈述的回答来衡量这些方面以及其他一些性格特征，这些陈述包括“我很少鲁莽行事”,“木柴燃烧的火焰激发我的想象力”等。
一周结束时，每个双胞胎都回答了大约15,000个问题。
10 布沙尔小组对分开抚养的双胞胎之间的相似之处感到非常吃惊。
例如他们的手势和姿势经常很相似，真是令人惊奇。
在照片上，很多双胞胎摆出的姿势几乎一模一样。
有些同卵双胞胎还发现他们的生活方式极其相似。
11 “吉姆兄弟”是布沙尔研究的第一对同卵双胞胎，他们出生四周后就被不同的家庭领养。
他们都在俄亥俄州长大，彼此相隔45英里。
当他们在39岁重逢时，发现了一系列惊人的相同之处：二个人都叫吉姆，都开同一型号的蓝色雪佛兰，都喜欢做木工，都有啃手指甲的习惯，养的狗都叫“Toy”。
两个人都有傍晚头痛的毛病，都是在18岁时开始的。
12 在吉姆兄弟之间所发现的相同点在明尼苏达小组研究的双胞胎身上都普遍存在。
有些对明尼苏达研究工作持批评态度的人说“这些巧合没什么可奇怪的”。
他们认为每个人的生活里都有很多的细节，因此必然会有巧合。
而且，对于异地抚养的同卵双胞胎之间发现的任何一个巧合，持怀疑态度者都能指出大量未被发现的不同点。
同一对双胞胎可能有不同型号的电视机，支持不同的足球队。
但不同点是不会被报道的，因为它们不会使人吃惊。
13 但是除了巧合之外，明尼苏达的科学家们收集并分析了有关双胞胎的健康、智力和个性方面的大量数据。
布沙尔认为，有关异地抚养的同卵双胞胎的数据清楚地显示了：先天遗传，即我们所继承的基因，对我们的生活有显着的影响。
该小组发现，这些同卵双胞胎在身高、指纹和心率等生理特征方面极其相似。
成年的同卵双胞胎还往往有相似的病史，例如同时得了青光眼。
14 明尼苏达小组报告说智力似乎也更受基因的影响而不是环境。
虽然由不同的家庭抚养长大，布沙尔小组研究的同卵双胞胎在成人智力测验中所得的分数完全相同或几乎相同。
15 但是最令人吃惊的是，明尼苏达小组发现基因对于个性的形成起着重要作用，例如，会决定我们是否尊重传统、循规蹈矩，还是会成为坚定的离经叛道者。
根据布沙尔的看法，你与生俱来的基因对你是否自信、快乐、乐观或者对世界上的事是否持消极态度有很大影响。
明尼苏达小组的一位心理学家，南希·西格尔说，“这项研究令人信服地表明：基因影响人们行为的每个方面。
”16 另一些科学家不同意这个说法。
他们质问，既然光是对智力的定义就多种多样，你们又怎么能够去研究智力是否是遗传的呢他们认为同样的问题也存在于其他的性格特征中。
17 布沙尔本人表示了这样的观点，即使是他所研究过的最相似的双胞胎也是彼此不同的。
因此即便基因对我们的生活有很大的影响，它们也不是唯一起影响作用的因素。
我们的日常经历也有助于塑造我们。
18 你知道这意味着什么：为了考试，你还得学习！课内阅读练习答案Part One Preparation1. Talking about TwinsSamples1) I knew a set of twins in my class in the middle school. They looked alike and usually dressed alike so we often got them mixed up. They were very close to each other and could exchange their ideas quickly. But they had quite different personalities: one was shy, quiet, and self-conscious while the other was self-confident and optimistic.2) I think it’s because there aren’t many twins around us. People are always curious about things that they rarely see. Another reason for their curiosity is probably that twins resemble each other, which is very unusual among other people.3) — They must be proud because they are different from others.— They may feel happy because they can enjoy each other’s company at home.— They may feel lonely because it may be more difficult to make friends with other people.— They may feel bored and discouraged because every day they will see the mirror image of themselves.— They may often feel jealous of each other since they are competing for their parents’ loveandattention.2. Nature, Nurture or BothSamples1) Nature and nurture: A person can have natural talents, but mastery always takes some effort.You have to try to succeed.2) Nature: No matter what the hairdo (hair style) is, their hairlines stay the same. This trait is dueto the genes that the mother passed on to her son.3) Nature: There’s nothing wrong with Julie’s nose. Some people have the genes to smell freesia,others don’t.4) Nurture: Are you wild about mysteries, adventures, or biographies Your tastes may bedetermined by the books that are available in your home or school.5) Nurture: Somebody’s favorite clothes and color can change as quickly as the cover of a stylemagazine. You might say it’s due to the JEANS, not the GENES.6) Nature: Genes determine whether a person’s earlobes are attached or detached.7) Nature and nurture: Your personality isn’t determined only by genes. There are a lot of otherfactors that make you who you are, such as where you live and the people you meet.8) Nature and nurture: Practice makes perfect! Melissa earned her position as a star playerbecause she uses her athletic ability and works so hard.3. An intelligent mother makes an intelligent kidSamples-- Yes, I agree. I can give a lot of evidence to support this view. Take my best friend in high school for example. His mother is very intelligent, excelling all the other students in her class since her primary school days. She graduated from Qinghua University and is now working in a research institute, involved in many high-tech projects, and has won many honors. Like his mother, my friend is also very intelligent. He was very quick-minded and was always the first one to raise his hand when the teacher asked some tough questions. He was the one I would turn to when I had questions and I was never disappointed. And like his mother, he is now studying in Qinghua University as well, majoring in electronic engineering. My mother is reasonably intelligent, so am I. And in choosing a girlfriend, my criterion is INTELLIGENCE!-- No, I don’t agree with that. Everyone agrees that “g”, which refers to general intelligence, tends to run in families. Lots of studies have shown it and most people can see it when they look at their own families, friends and acquaintances. Yet, so far no single gene has been conclusively linked to intelligence. Rather it appears to be a case of complex interactions on many levels between many different genes – something known as polygenic inheritance. So my view is that, for one thing, the intelligence of both parents would influence the intelligence of a kid, and, for another, the environment that a kid grows up in would also influence the intelligence of the kid.4. What makes us who we are1) expected 2) conclude 3) account 4) nurture 5) argues6) myth 7) predetermine 8) react 9) consequences 10) revolution11) between 12) creaturePart Two Reading-Centered ActivitiesIn-Class ReadingI. Pre-ReadingSampleThe conclusion is not justified because the sets of twins studied shared not only the same genes but also the same environment. Numerous studies have shown that both nature and nurture play a part in personal development. The similarities between the sets of twins are not due entirely to genes since environment also plays a role.III. Post-ReadingReading Comprehension1. Understanding the Organization of the Text1) IntroductionNo characteristic is caused exclusively by either environment or genes.2) Research on the relative effects of heredity and environment .A. Studies on identical twins raised togetherFindings: They are remarkably alike in both appearance and behavior.Implication: Individuals with the same genes, when raised in the same environment, will respond to it in much the same way.B. Studies on identical twins raised apart in similar environments ～4)Findings: They exhibited great psychological and physical likenesses.Implication: This does not inform us of the power of genes and the limitation of the effect of the environment.C. Studies on identical twins raised apart in contrasting environments ～8)Findings of a case study on Gladys and Helen:Their similarities: Their weight, height, hair color, and teeth were very similar.Their differences in personality: Helen was confident, graceful, made the most of her personal appearance, and showed considerable polish and ease in social relationships;while Gladys was shy, self-conscious, quiet and without charming or graceful manners.Implication: Genes alone are never absolutely responsible for any trait.3) ConclusionWhat we can do is set by the genes, but what we actually do is largely determined by the environment.2. Understanding Specific Information1) F 2) F 3) F 4) F 5) T 6) T 7) F 8) TVocabulary Practice1. 1) C 2) A 3) C 4) C 5) A 6) B 7) B 8) B2. 1) resemble 2) alike 3) Like 4) similar5) same 6) Identical, same, alike3. 1) absolutely 2) eventually 3) obviously 4) Similarly5) remarkably 6) approximately 7) exclusively 8) actuallyAfter-Class ReadingPart Three Further Development1. Enriching Your Word Power1) B 2) A 3) A 4) A 5) B 6) B 7) B 8) C 9) B 10) A 11) B 12) C2. What do you knowStep One1) CDNA is short for deoxyribonucleic acid (de-oxy-ri-bo-nu-cle-ic acid). DNA is a chemical in every cell of your body. It is shaped like a long, twisted ladder. This shape is called a double helix.2) CDNA is found in all living things, including you! This amazing chemical tells each cell what to do and determines what an organism will look like.3) CScientists are still debating how nature and nurture work together to make you who you are, but most agree that both play a role.4) BScientists used to think that humans had about 100,000 genes. Recently, it was discovered that we have about 10,000 to 20,000. We carry two copies of every gene, one copy from each parent.5) CMany things, such as what you eat, can affect how tall you’ll grow. Even if you have talent, making art takes practice. But eye color is a trait passed on through genes.6) BBefore Dolly, scientists used different techniques to clone animals. Dolly was the first animal to be cloned from a cell of an adult mammal.7) CBelieve it or not, humans and chimps have a lot of DNA in common! But as you can see, even small differences in genetic codes can make big differences in what an organism looks like.8) BYou can’t tell by looking at a fruit fly and a human, but they have a lot of similar DNA. In fact, scientists study the fruit fly genes to help advance medical knowledge.9) BThe human genome has a lot of DNA that carries no information and is not active genetically. It’s still a mystery to scientists why this DNA is there and what it does.10) CAlthough they can have very different personalities, identical twins are often difficult to tell apart physically. But the fingerprints of each are unique.Step TwoSample:What Do You Know about DNAEvery day you hear people talking about DNA, but do you know what is DNA and how it is related to our life Let me tell you briefly.DNA is the short form of deoxyribonucleic acid. It is a chemical in every cell of our body, in the shape of a double helix. DNA is found in all living things, including you and me! This amazing chemical tells each cell what to do and determines what an organism will look like. Scientists used to think that humans had about 100,000 genes. Recently, it was discovered that we have between 10,000 to 20,000 human protein-coding genes. We carry two copies of every gene, one copy from each parent. Living beings depend on genes, as they specify all proteins and functional RNA chains. Genes hold the information to build and maintain an organism’s cells and pass genetic traits to offspring. All organisms have many genes corresponding to various biological traits, some of which are immediately visible, such as eye color, or number of limbs, and some of which are not, such as blood type or increased risk for specific diseases, or the thousands of basic biological processes that comprise life. Genes, to a large extent, decide who we are, what we look like, and what we can do, but, of course, the environment we live in also plays a part.Believe it or not, humans and chimps, the closest living relatives to humans, have a lot of DNA in common (about 98%)! But as you can see, even small differences in genetic codes can make big differences in what an organism looks like. You don’t actually act or look like a chimp, rightPresently, only the function of a few percent of the DNA is known, the rest has been believed to be useless garbage, commonly called “Junk DNA” by molecular biologists.There is now i ncreasing evidence indicating that this DNA is not “junk” at all. It has been found to have various regulatory roles, which means that this so-called “non-coding DNA” influences the behavior of thegenes, the “coding DNA”, in important ways. However, the knowledge is still incomplete about this DNA. And there is little knowledge about the relationship between non-coding DNA and the DNA of genes. I believe scientists will tell us more with the furthering of their research.For Teachers:Strategies for Giving a speechPart OneThroughout history people have used public speaking as a vital means of communication. Pericles, the Greek leader, said more than 2,500 years ago, “One who forms a judgment on any point but cannot explain it clearly might as well never have thought at all on the subject.” The same is true ability to clearly and effectively communicate your thoughts and ideas is important in both your personal and professional , it can help you develop deeper and more fulfilling relationships of all , it can help you stand out among your colleagues and attain positions of leadership and influence.Following are some basic concepts of a speech:Organization:Get the attention and interest of your audience;Reveal the topic of your speech;Establish your credibility (you are qualified to speakon a given topic) and good will;Preview the body of the speech.Relate the topic to your audience;State the importance of your topic;Startle the audience with an arresting and intriguingstatement;Arouse the curiosity of the audience;Question the audience;Begin with a quotation;Tell a story;…Number of main points:make a few main pointsstand out and be remembered;Strategic order of main points: chronological order,spatial order, causal order, problem-solution order,topical order, etc.Signal the end of the speech;Reinforce the central idea.Summarize your speech;End with a quotation;Make a dramatic statement;Refer to the introduction;…Supporting evidence:Use representative statistics;Choose statistics from a reliable source;Use correct statistical measures.Expert testimony;Peer testimony: first -hand experience on the topic.Direct quoting;Paraphrasing: expressing by using different words, especially inorder to make it shorter or clearer.Presenting the speech:. using PowerPoint slidesKeep visual aids simple;Make sure visual aids are large enough;Use a limited number of slides;Display visual aids only when discussing them;Talk to your audience, not to your visual aids;Explain visual aids clearly and concisely.Part TwoFind two sample speeches, one to inform and the other to persuade, and 1) analyze the scripts together with the students in terms of the organization and the supporting evidence used; 2) watch the speeches to see how the speakers present the speeches.Part ThreeAsk the students to work in groups, with each group preparing a speech, either an informative speech or a persuasive speech. Each group chooses one representative to deliver it to the whole class. Then invite comments from the whole class, using the concepts presented in Step One.3. Relating Your Own ExperienceSamples:1.1) Both my parents were occupied with working so I was raised by my grandparents. They were kind to me. They talked to me a lot, especially my grandmother. They told me about their personal experiences, and what it was like when they were young and when my parents were children.2) My parents told me many stories and most of them were famous legends. The story that impressed me most was about a courageous orphan. Every day, he would go out to cultivatehis land. One day when he came home, he found a delicious meal on the table. This happened several times. In order to find out who was cooking for him, the young man hid behind the door. He discovered that it was the oyster fairy who had been sent to take care of him. From then on, the good fairy and the orphan lived happily together.3) Yes, but I also enjoyed doing things with them. While doing things with them, we not only talked a lot, I also learned a lot of practical skills.4) I think it helped to cultivate my morality. I am honest and hardworking. I think they made me strong and courageous.2.1) Yes, my parents talked to me a lot, especially my father. They believed that boys should be with their fathers more to be manly. As you can imagine, my father often taught me how to behave like a man. He also told me stories about brave men, about the universe, and about his college life. When we were together, he often treated me as his equal, rather than a kid. I really enjoyed that.2) My father graduated from an army institute so he told me a lot of stories about his college life, quite different from what we’re having now. There is one story that really impressed me, and every time I recall it, I can’t help laughing. Students in an army institute have to wear uniforms and army caps. Boys have to keep their hair short and those with long hair will be punished. And before the military review that year, the students were asked to have their hair cut, and all the boys in my father’s class had their heads shaved. During the military review, at the drill command “Dress right, DRESS!”（口令“向右看齐”）from the commanding officer, all the students raised their left arms parallel to the ground and locked their heads to the far right, and now happened the most funny thing: all their caps didn’t turn, keeping in the same position when they turned their heads since all the boys were “bald”. The girls in the class couldn’t help laughing, and neither could the commanding officer. You can imagine what they all looked like at that time…3) I really enjoyed talking and doing things with my father. From him I learned a lot of things that I would not otherwise have learned and with him I also felt being respected.4) Thanks to my father, now I know what a good father-son relationship is like and, more importantly, I have developed many masculine traits, which make me who I am now, a very popular boy with girls.4. Case Study5. Solving Teresa’s DilemmaSamples1) –Yes. Because the company needs to get the information about its clients so as to chargeaccordingly. The major concern of any company is profits and every effort should be made to maximize the profits.-- No. Because a genetic test is something private and each individual has the right to personal privacy. Even if a client has had the test, he/she has the right not to tell the company the result, especially if it means higher insurance premiums. Just as the company wants to maximize its profits, so individuals should try to minimize their costs.2) – Yes. Because the company should try to do everything possible to get as much informationabout its clients as possible, otherwise the company may suffer great loss. If the client refuses to take the test, it may mean either that he/she has some problem which might bring loss to the company or that he/she is uncooperative. Then the company may refuse to have him/her as its client.-- No. Because each individual has the right to decide whether he/she wants to take a certain test, especially a genetic test which is often considered something private. There is also the cost of a test. If the insurance company insists that its potential client do a genetic test, the company should pay the cost.3) – I think Teresa should charge people with the gene more because, due to their predispositionto alcoholism, the probability for them to have an accident is higher. Fully aware of the accidents involving illegal alcohol levels and as a director of the company, Teresa has to consider the risk that her company is running and she has to try her best to minimize the loss to her company. On the other hand, she shouldn’t charge those without the gene less because a traffic accident doesn’t always have to do with alcohol. So she shouldn’t lower the charge.4) -- I think Teresa should charge James the normal insurance price because James never drinks.His predisposition to alcoholism is something genetic and is not his own fault. He didn’t choose the genes and he should not be held responsible for something out of his control.Furthermore, due to his predisposition to alcoholism, he’s more likely to have an accident which might take away his life, so, to some extent, he is a victim of his genes. How can a victim be penalizedAnd If James was 25, Teresa should charge him more because the risk for the company is higher since young people have more activities and drive more, and they tend to be more emotional than older people.6. Which has a stronger influence, heredity or environmentPart Four Writing and Translation2. Translation Practice在全球范围内实行计划生育的困难之一在于，各国政府考虑到国家的工业发展水平以及可利用的食物和原材料，对人口控制采取了不同的态度。
Book 3 Unit 8课文答案和翻译
Book 3 Unit 8课文答案和翻译新视野BOOK3答案与课文翻译 @ 新视野第三版第三册第八单元Unit 8Section A Pre-reading activities 1 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.liked mostjoy and happiness reactions happy obeyLanguage focus Words in use1. indignation2. provocative3. militant4. overlap5. conferring6. defiance7. hesitant8. milestone9. cradled 10. preaching3 Word building4 New words formed -hoodmanhood motherhood -ioncalculation complication imitation assassination circulation accommodate accusation defection exhaustionWord building1新视野答案与课文翻译 @ 新视野第三版第三册第八单元BOOK35 1. circulation 2. accusation 3. accommodate 4. defection 5. manhood 6. imitation 7. complication 8. exhaustion 9. assassination 10. calculation 11. motherhoodBanked cloze 6 1. J 2. L 3. C 4. O 5. K 6. G 7. A 8. H 9. E 10. DExpressions in use 7 1. at their disposal 2. insulate him from 3. irrespective of4. has a high opinion of5. has authority over6. for your part7. get away with8. dispense with9. provide for10. tiptoeing aroundTranslation 92新视野BOOK3答案与课文翻译 @ 新视野第三版第三册第八单元维也纳爱乐乐团新年音乐会是古典音乐会，每年元旦上午在奥地利维也纳举行。
大学英语3第8课课文翻译l
Unit 8 Nature and NurtureUseful Information―Nature and nurture‖ is the catchy and rather poetic term used to evoke the two main sources of factors that influence the physical, psychological and intellectual characteristics of any human being. ―Nature‖, in this case, means everything a person inherits genetically. Originally, the verb ―nurture‖ was chosen to describe the home environment and the influences parents had on their children. In a broader sense, ―nurture‖ refers to the general social environm ent which includes such things as family influences, peer influences, and educational experiences.Which has more influence on us, our genes or our environment? How do people become who they are? These are questions that have intrigued educators, psychologists, and geneticists for decades. Over the years, various experiments and studies have been carried out in an effort to determine the relative importance of heredity and environment. Although it is fairly easy to see how our genetic make-up affects physical characteristics such as hair color, bone structure, and facial features, it is far more difficult to measure the impact of parental behavior on the development of personality, for example.One of the best-known studies on nature-nurture issues was carried out by scientists at the University of Minnesota. Their research on identical twins raised apart suggests that genes play a major role in shaping both personality and intelligence. Some critics of the Minnesota study feel that the social environments of the twins raised apart were too similar to really make conclusive observations feasible. Ideally, the Minnesota researchers should have had twins raised in different cultures and in totally different social classes.Other studies have stressed the influence of parental verbal behavior on the intellectual development of children. In other words, the more parents talk with their children, the more they are likely to enhance their children’s communication skills. The same studies also showed that socially and financially deprived working-class families were much less communicative than professional families.A recent study carried out by the Colorado Adoption Project on a large number of adopted children has shown the preponderance of genetic inheritance with regard to personality and intelligence. Other studies have stressed the importance of factors outside the home, such as neighborhoods and one’s peers.The debate over the relative importance of genes and environment is likely to continue until additional major discoveries are made in the field of genetics. Perhaps some day, the genes for shyness or for gentleness, for example, will be isolated. For the moment, common sense and personal experience tend to suggest that nature and nurture are both important, each having a greater or lesser effect, depending both on the complexity of the gene and the conditions of the environment.More for the teachers:How do you live?We all live in different worlds. Nobody can claim that their life has been the same as yours. Y ou might be wealthy or poor, a megastar, or an anonymous face in a city of millions. Y ou may have an older brother, be an only child, have mixed race parents, li ve on the sunny side of the street…or in anigloo. Y our genes make you unique, but so does your life. It is different from every other human life on earth.Different beginningsFrom the moment you were conceived you have been dealing with unique surroundings. Y ou may have had quite a different nine months in the womb compared to that of your brother or sister. Do stressed out mothers-to-be produce agitated babies? A link has been noticed and it’s just one sign that our different experiences count from very early on.…and once you are born then just about anything can happen. And almost everything that occurs during your childhood and adolescence could be having an impact on your health, your career and the relationships you are forming today.Blame it on the genes?Y our genes in combination with your early experiences of life are having an enormous impact on you. From how many calories you require to maintain your weight to your musical skills and talents, both your inherited genetic code and your environment are playing a part. So how do we know what to blame our genes for? In certain instances it is very clear-cut. Certain diseases are caused by a single gene. If you have a gene for cystic fibrosis there is nothing you can do to cure the disease although much can now be done to relieve the symptoms. Eye Color too is a product of our genes and can be changed only in appearance with contact lenses.In most cases though, the role our genes are playing and how powerful their influence is is unclear. Y our weight, intelligence and personality are influenced by many different genes but also by your environment. Scientists are only just beginning to understand the role our genes play in these very complicated areas.Twins BiologyThere are two types of twins, the identical twins called monozygotic and the fraternal twins called dizygotic. So the term twins just indicates two children born together. A twin birth occurs every 100 normal births. In all cases of twins there is a genetic predisposition: in some families twin births are particularly frequent.Identical Twins "monozygotic"Identical twins are born from the same egg which splits in two after conception. This is a rarer case that occurs in 30% of twins. These twins have identical DNA and, therefore, they are physically almost identical and must be of the same blood group and sex. In this case usually the two fetuses share the same placenta (胎盘) but have different amnions (羊膜). In some cases they can have even a separate placenta or share both the placenta and the amnions, only in this last case malformations such as Siamese twins can occur.Fraternal T wins "dizygotic"Fraternal twins are born from two different eggs and develop separately in different amnions and different placentas, sometimes in the same placenta but the amnions are always different; they have different DNA so they can be of different sexes and can have different blood groups. Fraternal twins are more common and occur in about 70% of twins. Fraternal twins are commonly called ―false twins,‖ because from a genetic point of view they are like brothers or sisters, only they are born atthe same time.Part One Preparation1. Talking about TwinsSamples1) I knew a set of twins in my class in the middle school. They looked alike and usually dressed alike so we often got them mixed up. They were very close to each other and could exchange their ideas quickly. But they had quite different personalities: one was shy, quiet, and self-conscious while the other was self-confident and optimistic.2) I think it’s because there aren’t many twins around us. People are always curious about things that they rarely see. Another reason for their curiosity is probably that twins resemble each other, which is very unusual among other people.3) — They must be proud because they are different from others.— They may feel happy because they can enjoy each other’s company at home.— They may feel lonely because it is difficult to make friends with other people.— They may feel bored and discouraged because every day they will see the mirror image of themselves.2. Nature, Nurture or Both1) Nature and nurture: A person can have natural talents, but mastery always takes some effort. Y ouhave to try to succeed.2) Nature: No matter what the hairdo (hair style) is, their hairlines stay the same. This trait is due tothe genes that the mother passed on to her son.3) Nature: There’s nothing wrong with Julie’s nose. Some people have the genes to smell freesia,others don’t.4) Nurture: Are you wild about mysteries? Adventures? Biographies? Y our tastes may bedetermined by the books that are available in your home or school.5) Nurture: Somebody’s favorite clothes and color can change as quickly as the cover of a stylemagazine. Y ou might say it’s due to the JEANS, not the GENES.6) Nature: Look at their mother’s earlobes. Genes determine whether a person’s earlobes areattached or detached.7) Nature and nurture: Y our personality isn’t determined only by genes. There are a lot of otherfactors that make you who you are, such as where you live and the people you meet.8) Nature and nurture: Practice makes perfect! Melissa earned her position as class champ becauseshe uses her athletic ability and works so hard.3. What makes us who we are?1) expected 2) conclude 3) account 4) nurture 5) argues6) myth 7) predetermine 8) react 9) consequences 10) revolution 11) between 12) creaturePart Two Reading-Centered ActivitiesIn-Class ReadingI. Pre-ReadingSampleThe conclusion is not justified because the sets of twins studied shared not only the same genes but also the same environment. The similarities are not due entirely to genes since environment also plays a role.II. Passage ReadingWords, Phrases and Grammatical Points1. history (l. 14)The word is used here as a countable noun, meaning ―a record of something that has affected someone or been done by them in the past‖. We have phrases like medical/employment/career, etc. history.e.g. I feel like a part of my history has been taken away.2. infancy (l. 19)The word is often used in its figurative sense, meaning ―the beginning or early period of existence‖.e.g.I) Research in this field is still in its infancy.II) Tourism on the island is still very much in its infancy.3. remove (l. 25)The word has several meanings. The major ones are listed below.1) take away (from a place) or take to another placee.g. I) The paintings were removed to a museum.II) As soon as the cake is done, remove it from the oven.2) get rid ofe.g. I) Instant publication would have removed suspicion.II) Doctors have decided to give her an operation to remove a tumor in her stomach.3) dismisse.g. I) All senior officers involved in the coup will have to be removed.II) They made an attempt to remove her from the General Council.4) removed from: very differente.g. I) What you say is far removed from what you said before.II) His ideas on foreign policy were far removed from those of the Government.4. prove (l. 34)The word here means ―turn out to be‖.e.g. I) He proved himself (to be) an amusing companion.II) The task proved to be more difficult than we’d expected.5. ...she had had few educational advantages herself, ... (l. 37～38)This means that she did not have much education herself or she was not an educated person herself.The word ―advantage‖, meaning something that helps someone to be more successful than others, or the state of having this, is often used in the following expressions:e.g. I) Her experience meant that she had a big advantage over her opponent.II) She took advantage of him even after they were divorced.III) It would be to your advantage to prepare questions in advance.IV) I took advantage of the good weather to paint the shed.6. except, except for (l. 48)except后面可以接名词、代词、介词短语、不定式或从句，意思为―not including‖。
大学英语精读第三册课后练习答案(KeytoExercisesUnit8)
Unit 8 Study & PracticeII. Comprehension of the Text1. l) d 2) d 3) c 4) a 5) b 6) e 7) b 8) c III. Vocabulary ActivitiesI. 1) neglects 2) attain3) will ... interfere with 4) hostile5) shaped 6) projecting7) appropriately 8) creative9) will contribute to 10) span11) remarkable 12) vision13) soared 14) supposedly2. 1) picture 2) appropriately3) go about 4) amount to5) achievement 6) benefit7) growth 8) Due to9) no substitute for 10) neglected brushing11) tense3.1) go about 2) dream of3) set aside 4) amount to5) interfere with 6) have gone beyond7) contributed to 8) reacted to/will react to9) was getting along with lO) lies inIV. Enriching Your Word Power1. l) sunbathe 2) shoplift 3) air-drop 4) heat-treat5) baby-sit 6) mass-produce 7) sleepwalk 8) typewrite2. 1) covered 2) made 3) good 4) cutting5) minded 6) willed 7) day 8) minute9) class 10) out 11) built 12) matter13) forgotten 14) wellV. Usage1. affect my decision2. the effect of the sleeping pills3. had a serious effect on/seriously affected the growth of crops4. will affect/have an effect on his eyesight5. was affected by the rain6. didn't have any effect7. effect a complete change8. had an almost immediate effect on/almost immediately affected his thinkingVI. StructureI. 1 ) Give us the tools and we will finish the job in two days.2) Turn over the page and you will see what I mean.3) Think of the difficulties that face us, and you will realize why progress is slow.4) Give them an inch and they will take a mile.5) Follow my instructions and you won*t get lost.6) Take a ten- or fifteen-minute "vacation" into the realm of the imagination each day,and you will probably add much to the excitement and enjoyment of your life.2. 1 ) My brother, a young chemist, is conducting experiments in much the same way thathis instructor used to do.2) The Americans spend Christmas Day in much the same way that the Europeans do.3) Mrs. Lu, born and brought up in France. does cooking in much the same way thatthe French do.4) Your nervous system reacts to what you imagine to be true in much the same waythat it does to real experiences.5) English is taught in your country in much the same way that Spanish is taught inours.VII. Cloze1. (1) hostile (2) interfere with (3) amount to (4) fantasy(5) benefits (6) contribute (7) recommend (8) picture(9) vision (10) supposedly (1l) neglect (12) substitute(13) attain2. (11) open (2) singing (3) window (4) what(15) sitting (6) in (7) say (8) so(9) that (10) not (1l) daydreaming (12) same(13) thoughtsVIII. Translation1. We didn't like his attitude that he deserved special treatment.2. Even if you are one of the best students in class, in order to maintain your grades youmust review your lessons often.3. Some of the old fantasies about the space age have come true.4. It is true that some people achieve success very early in life, while others must work along time before attaining their goals.5. He maintained that the failure of the experiment was largely due to inadequatepreparation.6. Researchers now recommend that we take time every day to project our desired goalsonto the semen in our minds.Reading ActivityExercise A1. b2. d3. a4. aExercise B1. For example (Group 1), Although (Group 2)2. Since (Group 5), Thus (Group 4)Exercise CI.F 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. F 6. F 7. F 8. T 9. TliLTExercise D( Appendix 3)Guided Writing1. Paragraph 3: Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way thatattitudes towards night dreaming have changed.Paragraph 6: The most remarkable thing about daydreaming may be its usefulness inshaping our future lives as we want them to be..How to Attain Our Goals in LifeAs a sailing ship has a certain destination, so we must have a definite goal in our life. To succeed in life, a man must learn to develop such qualities in himself asindustry, persistence, confidence, and strong willpower. Here I would like to dwell alittle on the first two.Undoubtedly, hard work is the key to success. Take Peter G. Beidler for example. Having chosen teaching as his career, Professor Beidler made a great effort to meet the challenges of the profession. Day after day he stayed up late preparing his lectures,even when his eyes became swollen for lack of sleep. His subsequent success as ateacher was borne out by the fact that he was named The Professor of the Year in 1983. Obviously his success has had a great deal to do with hard work.Persistence is another important factor leading to the realization of one's goal in life. Once we have set a goal for ourselves, we must not depart from our course untilwe reach it. The mother in Unit 5 is a case in point. She refused to give up in the faceof all the challenges in life. Instead, she persisted in improving herself. In the end, she became a reporter with a local newspaper. Clearly persistence helped to make herdream come true.。
全新版大学英语综合教程3课文翻译unit8
第八单元克隆技术课文A克隆技术使我们有可能分毫不差地复制自己。
这一技术是否应该获准应用?克隆技术会带来什么裨益与危险？克隆生命诞生了吉纳·科拉泰 1996年7月5日下午5点，有史以来最出名的小羊羔问世了。
它出生在苏格兰罗斯林镇的罗斯林研究院所在的那条路上的一个小棚里，这只羊羔是在该研究院创造出来的。
而它的创造者伊恩·威尔穆特，一位正在谢顶的文质彬彬的52岁的胚胎学家，却不记得自己是在什么地方听到这头名叫多利的羊问世的消息的。
他甚至不记得曾接到约翰·布雷肯的电话，这位对产下多利的那头羊的整个妊娠过程进行监测的科学家在电话上说多利健康存活，体重6．6千克。
没有人打开香槟酒庆贺。
没有人拍照留影。
只有研究院的几位员工，以及接生的一位当地兽医在场。
然而，多利，这头与苏格兰起伏的山丘上散布着的千百头其他的羊毫无异样的小羊羔，很快就改变了世界。
当后人编写我们这一时代的历史的时候，这一平静的降生，这头小羊羔的问世，将会引人注目。
世界因它降生而从此改变。
多利是头克隆羊。
它不是精卵结合的产物，而是由取自一头六龄羊的乳腺细胞的基因材料生成的。
威尔穆特先将取自另一头羊的卵子中的所有基因材料取出，再将该卵子与这一乳腺细胞融合。
乳腺细胞的基因在该卵子中安营扎寨，令其生长发育。
其结果就是多利羊，即与提供乳腺细胞的那头羊一模一样的孪生羊，只是这头孪生羊晚出生了6年。
在多利羊问世之前，克隆技术不过是科学幻想的故事。
几十年前有人提出这种可能性，后来遭到摒弃，严肃的科学家那时认为克隆在近期根本不可能实现。
现在这已不再是幻想，几十年之后，或许有朝一日你可以克隆自己，造出数十个，数百个，上千个基因完全相同的孪生的兄弟。
大学英语精读第三册课后练习答案（KeytoExercisesUnit8）
⼤学英语精读第三册课后练习答案（KeytoExercisesUnit8）Unit 8Study & PracticeII. Comprehension of the Text1. l) d 2) d 3) c 4) a 5) b 6) e 7) b 8) cIII. Vocabulary ActivitiesI. 1) neglects 2) attain3) will ... interfere with 4) hostile5) shaped 6) projecting7) appropriately 8) creative9) will contribute to 10) span11) remarkable 12) vision13) soared 14) supposedly2. 1) picture 2) appropriately3) go about 4) amount to5) achievement 6) benefit7) growth 8) Due to9) no substitute for 10) neglected brushing11) tense3.1) go about 2) dream of3) set aside 4) amount to5) interfere with 6) have gone beyond7) contributed to 8) reacted to/will react to9) was getting along with lO) lies inIV. Enriching Your Word Power1. l) sunbathe 2) shoplift 3) air-drop 4) heat-treat5) baby-sit 6) mass-produce 7) sleepwalk 8) typewrite2. 1) covered 2) made 3) good 4) cutting5) minded 6) willed 7) day 8) minute9) class 10) out 11) built 12) matter13) forgotten 14) wellV. Usage1. affect my decision2. the effect of the sleeping pills3. had a serious effect on/seriously affected the growth of crops4. will affect/have an effect on his eyesight5. was affected by the rain6. didn't have any effect7. effect a complete change8. had an almost immediate effect on/almost immediately affected his thinkingVI. StructureI. 1 ) Give us the tools and we will finish the job in two days.2) Turn over the page and you will see what I mean.3) Think of the difficulties that face us, and you will realize why progress is slow.4) Give them an inch and they will take a mile.5) Follow my instructions and you won*t get lost.6) Take a ten- or fifteen-minute "vacation" into the realm of the imagination each day, and you will probably add much to the excitement and enjoyment of your life.2. 1 ) My brother, a young chemist, is conducting experiments in much the same way that his instructor used to do.2) The Americans spend Christmas Day in much the same way that the Europeans do.3) Mrs. Lu, born and brought up in France. does cooking in much the same way thatthe French do.4) Your nervous system reacts to what you imagine to be true in much the same way that it does to real experiences.5) English is taught in your country in much the same way that Spanish is taught in ours.VII. Cloze1. (1) hostile (2) interfere with (3) amount to (4) fantasy(5) benefits (6) contribute (7) recommend (8) picture(9) vision (10) supposedly (1l) neglect (12) substitute(13) attain2. (11) open (2) singing (3) window (4) what(15) sitting (6) in (7) say (8) so(9) that (10) not (1l) daydreaming (12) same(13) thoughtsVIII. Translation1. We didn't like his attitude that he deserved special treatment.2. Even if you are one of the best students in class, in order to maintain your grades youmust review your lessons often.3. Some of the old fantasies about the space age have come true.4. It is true that some people achieve success very early in life, while others must work along time before attaining their goals.5. He maintained that the failure of the experiment was largely due to inadequatepreparation.6. Researchers now recommend that we take time every day to project our desired goalsonto the semen in our minds.Reading ActivityExercise A1. b2. d3. a4. aExercise B1. For example (Group 1), Although (Group 2)2. Since (Group 5), Thus (Group 4)Exercise CI.F 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. F 6. F 7. F 8. T 9. TliLTExercise D( Appendix 3)Guided Writing1. Paragraph 3: Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way thatattitudes towards night dreaming have changed.Paragraph 6: The most remarkable thing about daydreaming may be its usefulness inshaping our future lives as we want them to be..How to Attain Our Goals in LifeAs a sailing ship has a certain destination, so we must have a definite goal in our life. To succeed in life, a man must learn to develop such qualities in himself asindustry, persistence, confidence, and strong willpower. Here I would like to dwell alittle on the first two.Undoubtedly, hard work is the key to success. Take Peter G. Beidler for example. Having chosen teaching as his career, Professor Beidler made a great effort to meet the challenges of the profession. Day after day he stayed up late preparing his lectures,even when his eyes became swollen for lack of sleep. His subsequent success as ateacher was borne out by the fact that he was named The Professor of the Year in 1983. Obviously his success has had a great deal to do with hard work.Persistence is another important factor leading to the realization of one's goal in life. Once we have set a goal for ourselves, we must not depart from our course untilwe reach it. The mother in Unit 5 is a case in point. She refused to give up in the faceof all the challenges in life. Instead, she persisted in improving herself. In the end, she became a reporter with a local newspaper. Clearly persistence helped to make herdream come true.。
新编大学英语3课文翻译 Unit 5、6、 8、9,课后翻译
新编大学英语3课文翻译 Unit 5、6、 8、9第五单元，我是怎样识字的3 你可曾在航海时遇上过有浓雾的时候？你仿佛被困在了触手可及的一片白茫茫中，不见天日。
你乘坐的巨轮，靠测深锤或测深线的指引，举步维艰地靠向海岸，既紧张又焦急不安；而你则心里砰砰直跳，等着有事要发生。
而我在接受教育之前正像那巨轮，所不同的是我连指南针或测深线都没有，更无从知晓离港湾还有多远。
我的心灵在无声地疾呼：“光明！给我光明吧! ”而就在此时此刻，爱的光芒洒在了我的身上。
(考原课文填空，英文，注意新单词) 9 那天我学会了很多新词。
现在我已记不清都是些什么词了，但我还记得其中有“妈妈、爸爸、姐妹、老师”。
这些词使得整个世界就像有了“亚伦的神杖，充满了鲜花”，为我绽开。
在这个重要的日子快要结束时，已很难找到一个比我更加幸福的孩子。
我躺在自己的小床上，回味着这一天所给予我的欣喜；渴望着新的一天的到来，这是我有生以来从未有过的期盼。
(考课文英翻汉)第六单元，人和动物的好斗性1 人类肯定是所有动物中最好斗和最残忍的。
我们会说暴徒的行为就“像野兽”，然而事实上，没有任何一种动物象人类那样残暴。
当领域性的动物或鸟类侵入了别的同类动物的领地时，后者只会做一些表示敌意的姿态以吓跑入侵者。
但是，万一有争斗，任何一方都不会受重伤，因为败方会做出姿态表示投降以便保全性命。
一般情况下，动物之间只会为了觅食而杀戮，同类动物之间自相残杀是极少见的。
(考课文英翻汉)2 然而，如果动物发现自己处于异常环境下，它会表现出特别地富有攻击性。
有一只老虎从丛林跑到村庄来，袭击了人，后来人们发现原来它的爪子受了伤，使它显然不能像平时那样去猎食。
假如不是因为受伤，这只虎毫无疑问还会呆在丛林里，并像往常那样去猎取食物。
关在动物园笼子里的动物，往往会比在野外时更加寻衅好斗。
比如说，关在笼子里的狮子一旦能自由自在地徜徉在非洲的大草原上，那么它会一直活力充沛，长途游弋，与家族同类一起追捕食物。
新视野大学英语第三版读写第二册UNIT8课文翻译(A+B篇)
TEXT AAnimals or children? — A scientist's choice动物还是孩子？—— 一位科学家的选择1 I am the enemy! I am one of those cursed, cruel physician scientists involved in animal research. These rumors sting, for I have never thought of myself as an evil person. I became a children's doctor because of my love for children and my supreme desire to keep them healthy. During medical school and residency, I saw many children die of cancer and bloodshed from injury — circumstances against which medicine has made great progress but still has a long way to go. More importantly, I also saw children healthy thanks to advances in medical science such as infant breathing support, powerful new medicines and surgical techniques and the entire field of organ transplantation. My desire to tip the scales in favor of healthy, happy children drew me to medical research.我就是那个敌人！我就是那些被人诅咒的、残忍的、搞动物实验的医生科学家之一。
全新版大学英语综合教程三课后8单元的翻译题目+答案
Translation1.我们的计算机系统出了问题，但我觉得问题比较小。
（minor）We have a problem with the computer system, but I think it is fairly minor.2.父亲去世时我还小，不能独立生活。
就在那时，家乡的父老接过了养育我（myupbringing）的责任。
（at that point）My father died when I was too young to live on my own. The people of my hometown took over responsibility for my upbringing at that point.3.这些玩具必得在到达严格的安全要求后才可出售给儿童。
（requirement）The toys have to meet strict safety requirements before they can be sold to children.4.作为新闻和舆论的载体（carrier），广播和电视补充了而不是替代了报纸。
（supplement, rather than）Radio and television have supplemented rather than replaced the newspaper as carriers of new and opinion.5.至于这本杂志，它刊载世界各地许多报纸杂志上文章的摘要。
（digest, whenit comes to …）When it comes to this magazine, it is a digest of articles from many newspapers and magazines around the world.6.虽然受到全球金融危机后果的巨大影响，但是我们仍然相信我们能够面对挑战，克服危机。
新编大学英语第三册uint8课后练习（答案和翻译）
新编大学英语第三册uint8课后练习（答案和翻译）1.A recent survey reveals a grim fact that every year inthat asian country 78,0000 women die from __complication____ related to childbirth.最近的一项调查揭示了一个残酷的事实，亚洲每年有78000位妇女死于分娩并发症．2.When we are faced with a challenge, self-discouragementand self-encouragement can make a ___tremendous___ difference between a life of fear, frustration and a life of joy and harmony.当我们面对挑战的时候，沮丧和自我激励对生活的恐惧和挫折和开心和谐的生活有着巨大的区别．3.When spring is at last freed from winter’s bond, silentbirds arrive in their full songs and lifeless flowers burst forth in ___brilliant___ bloom.当春天摆脱了冬天的束缚，静寂的小鸟带着歌声来到，死气沉沉的花朵绽放着灿烂的生机4.Behavior ___analysis_is a natural scientific approachto the study of all behavior, and behavior analysts areconcerned with how our surroundings and personal histories determine who we are.行为分析是一种自然科学的方法研究所有的行为，行为分析师关心什么样的生活环境和个人历史决定我们是谁．5.A successful bone marrow _transplant___ can help curecancers of the blood. It is a tragedy that nearly one-third of all patients seeking a _transplant___are unable to find a donor whose bone marrow closely matches their own.一个成功的骨髓移植手术可以帮助治愈血癌，这是个悲剧，近三分之一的病人无法找到一个捐赠者的骨髓和自己的相匹配．6.“___In a sense_, the stark reality of the financialcrisis provides arare opportunity to rethink an economic system that has lost touch with the real wor ld,” said our professor of economics at a recent lecture.从某种意思上来说，金融危机严峻的显示提供了一个难得的机会让我们重新思考一个经济系统脱离了现实＂我们的经济学教授最近的一次演讲．7.On the rare occasions when he ___consented_____ to dointerviews, he usually sat silent and still, staring stone-faced at puzzled journalists.在极少数情况下，当他同意作采访，他通常沉默，仍然坐着，面无表情的盯着困惑的记者8._In some ways__, you’re like your mother. She didn’tcare who she hurt, just as long as she got what she wanted.在某些方面，你有点象你的母亲，她不在乎自己受伤没有，她只在乎她得到他想要的9.Deaf dogs can manage surprisingly well, with their____eyesight__and sense of smell helping to compensate for their lack of hearing.聋狗可以管理的非常好，它们的视力和嗅觉帮助它们弥补听力的不足．10.These nursing homes are meant to give old people asense of dignity and worth, but _In reality__they live in an isolated world cut off from both family and the wider community.这些疗养院是为了给老人们尊严和价值，但在现实中他们生活在一个孤立的世界切断了他们同家庭和社会的联系11.Is it sickening to think of a time when embryos willbe_Implanted_ in a man’s body, and develop. And be born, perhaps by caesarian section.当把胚胎植入一个人的身体，再成长，然后可能通过剖腹产生出来想起来就令人作呕．12.You can increase the life of your air-conditioner byperforming simple, routine cleaning __procedures___in accordance with the owner’s manual.空调可以通过做些简单的操作改善你的生活，按照用户手册日常清洁程序。
Unit 8, B3 课后练习答案
Book III Unit 8 cloningText AContent questions1.at his mother’s funeral, the writer swore that one day he’d do something about conditionslike hers2.one night,the writer went out for dreinks with another gentleman whose father had diedof ALS. They talked about their parents then and wanted to do something as a legacy for them. The stem cell research company Stemagen thus came into existence3.they are concerned about the reproductive possibilities of cloning when Dolly was born4.human reproductive cloning is ethically wrong because the majority of reproductiveclones in other species are actually abnormal,with very high miscarriage rates, very high stillbirth rates, fetal anomalies, death soon after birth,etc.5.the writer shows a positive attitude towards therapeutic cloning. He holds thattherapeutic cloning does not involve any type of rist to human life and actually provides tremendous potential for the relief of suffering in human beings who are undergoing some awful things.6.the writer honestly thinks that someone will attempt human reproductive cloning andthere is no way to stop it7.because by doing so, they could make cloning very real so that people around the worldknow that cloning is coming along8.their purpose in creating disease-specific stem cell lines is to study the causes of specificdiseases,and then research a variety of treatments for these diseases. If the stem cell lines are created for any given individual and are later transplated back into the individual, they will not be rejected by the individual.9.the writer holds that in reality it is transcendent because when you look through themicroscope, you see what you may have looked like a long ago, at least in part10.it brought teras to his eyes because the research was done for his mother,and he realizedthat if she had only been able to live a few years longer, maybe they could have used this technology to help her11.in the process of analysis, the embroys were destroyed by necessity. In other words, toget the genetic material from inside the cells to analyze it, they had to destroy the cell\12.because the writer thinks that logically, an embryo is not life, although it is a potentiallife. The vast majority of embroys never become life—they just generate , don't implant and dieLanguage sense enhancement1) in some ways 2)make the most of 3)individual 4)replicated 5)roadmap 6)in place 7) resulst from 8)dissuade 9)Quite honestly 10)legislateVocabulary1.1) complications 2)tremendous 3)brillian 4)analysis \5)transplant , transplant 6)In a sense 7)consented 8)In some ways 9)eyesight10)in reality 11)implanted 12) procedures2. 1)focus 2)come forward 3)result from 4)go through5)carry out 6)work on 7)feed on 8)settled over3. 1)resulted from a childhood illness2)was condemmed by the trade unions as endangering jobs3)in place,even those with presistent, long-term mental illness can usually learn to manage theirsymptoms and live productive lives4)but apparently showed disapproval of his behaviour5)you should make the most of any advice which you can get from the interviewer4. 1)misconceptions, potential, make the most of ,2)donated, cntentious issue, and opponents3)a fraud , in some ways, condemn himII Collocation1)permission to adopt her2)a willingness to restart peace talks3）failure to find meaning in life4)his determination to realize his ideals5)attempt to blow up the bridge6)an opportunity to pursue a college degreeIII. Usage1)do you consider it any good continuing your investigations?2)It is reported that two people were killed in the explosion3)I owe it to you that I have been able to get back to my studies4)It is no good bothering about such a trifle5)It wont do you any good to hide your sickness for fear of treatment6)We all think it a pity to give up the experiment half wayComprehensive exercisesI.Cloze1.text-related1)issue 2)contenious 3)clones 4)potential 5)condemn6)misconceptions 7)opponents 8)results from 9)come forward 10)donated2.theme-related1)prospect 2)intention 3)despite 4)developing 5)publish6)condemned 7)among 8)standpoint 9)standard 10)rejectionII.Translation1.1)Medical experts debated whether the cloning of human beings should be permitted andwhat its potential effects on society might be2）eighty-five percent of the people in the local area in full-time employment ;only 3% describe themselves as unemployed3). The departments concerned in China will speed up legislation to protect rights of migrant workers4). In recent years, some psychologists have tried to explain intelligence from a biological standpoint5). The global finanical crisis has had a huge impact on that country’s export industry. In no more than six months,many factories have closed down by necessity.2. Dolly the sheep resulted from a cloning experiment by a group of Scottish scientists in 1997. Afierce debate on human cloning has ever since been going on. This contentious issue has focused on ethical and social implications of the technology:what the technology might do to the very meaning of human reproduction,child rearing, individuality, etc.The majority of scientists are adamantly opposed to reproductive cloning and support therapeutic cloning for treating diseases. The reason is that therapeutic cloning does not involve any type of relief of suffering in human beings. Scientists believe that with politics and monitoring in place to ensure that therapeutic cloning is used safely, we can all benefit from this procedure.Text BComprehension check:1. d 2, c 3,b 4, d 5, b 6, cTranslation :1.时至今日，眼看着新一轮要求对克隆人全面禁止而非简单规范的呼声即将再起，我倒想说: “慢一点来。