Translation --Unit 3

Translation

Unit 3

英汉思维差异与翻译

一﹑思维的“抽象”与“具体”——→翻译中的“虚”、“实”转换。

[1] a good dinner

[2] a good chess player

[3] speak good English

[4] a good listener

[5] Yet, as it sometimes happens that a person departs this life, who is really deserving of all the praises the stone-cutter carves over his bones; who is a good Christian, a good parent, child, wife or husband. ( W.M.Thackery, Vanity Fair)

[6] He allowed the father to be overruled by the judge, and declared his own son guilty.

[7] Therefore we generally suffer less depression than Westerners, as the degree of the suffering varies directly with that of our desire and ambition.

[8] All the irregularities of the students in that university resulted in punishment.

[9] There had been too much violence in that region.

[10] The British Welfare State was planned during the Second World War by the economist, William Beveridge. The Labour government of 1945-1950 passed laws giving the country almost everything for which Beveridge asked.

[11] If a rainy morning deprived the girls of other enjoyment, they were still resolute in meeting in defiance of wet and dirt, and shut themselves up to read novels together.

[12] We are making you, subject to your acceptance reaching us by August 15, Beijing time, the following offer.

[13] We will establish the required L/C upon receipt of your confirmation.

[14] The certificate given by the China Commodity Inspection Bureau is to be considered as final in dealing with any quality discrepancy and/or short weight in case of a claim.

[15] 打架斗殴成了这伙人的家常便饭。

[16] 她感到五脏六腑像被什么扯着似的阵阵作痛。

[17] 前台经理必须保持冷静，能够处理面对的紧急情况。

[18] 或许我的精、气、神都不足吧，我喜欢写短的东西。

二、“形合”与“意合”——→翻译中的“显”、“隐”转换。

[1] A market analyst is a person with specialist knowledge of a specific market who often predicts what will happen and tries to explain what has happened.

译文：市场分析员是拥有某个特定市场专业知识，往往能够预测市场，并且试图对市场现象做出解释的人。

[2] 枯藤老树昏鸦，小桥流水人家，古道西风瘦马。

夕阳西下，断肠人在天涯。——（马致远《天净沙·秋思》）译文1：Dry wine, old tree, crows at dusk,

Low bridge, stream running, cottages,

Ancient road, west wind, lean nag,

The sun westering

And one with breaking heart at the sky’s edge.(Schlepp译)

译文2：Crows hovering over rugged trees wreathed with rotten wine ——the day is about done. Yonder is a tiny bridge over a sparkling stream, and on the far bank, a pretty little village. But the traveler has to go on down this ancient road. The west wind moaning, his bony horse groaning, trudging towards the sinking sun, farther and farther away from home.（翁显良译）

[3] If the market is thought to be poor and prices on the Stock Exchange are thought to be likely to fall, the market is called a bear market.

[4] The employees were so angry that they asked to see the manager.

[5] If winter comes, can spring be far behind?

[6] The air seemed almost sticky from the scent of busting buds.

[7] Chilly gusts with a taste of rain in them had wellnigh dispeopled the streets.

[8]学得有趣，效率就会高；学的很苦，效率就低。

[9]人是很有趣的，往往在接触一个人时首先看到的都是他或她的优点。

[10]男人四十一朵花，女人四十豆腐渣。

[11]车未停稳，切勿上下。

[12]天目山林深人少，古树掩映，清泉石上流，雾生半山腰，如仙境一般。

[13]连年混战，百姓受苦。

[14]夜已经很深了，他还在不停地工作着。

[15]在一千三百年前，已经发明了刻板印刷。在八百年前，便发明了活字印刷。

[16]他指定几本书给我们在家念，使我们对这个问题能有较深的理解。

[17]他是广东人，我们从他的口音上就听出来了。

[18]美国社会将重点放在大学教育，将大学教育看成通向事业成功之路。

[19]浙江省是中国古代文明发祥地之一，有悠久的历史。

三、“主体意识”——→翻译中的主语及语态转换。

[1] Business took me to town.

[2] The thought of returning filled him with fear.

[3] His kindness often brought him many friends.

[4] A careful inspection will show you the leak in the roof.

[5] The camera gave us a lasting picture.

[6] The remembrance of these will add zest to his life.

[7] His absence of mind during the driving nearly caused an accident.

[8] A few steps across the lawn brought me to a large splendid hotel.

[9] It appears that you are right.

[10] It occurred to me the other day that I might not have come to love life as I do if I hadn’t been blind.

[11]Feedback is obtained by measuring consumer satisfaction, looking at competitive trends, evaluating the relationship with government agencies, monitoring the economy and potential resource shortages.

[12]Because of the trend toward impulse buying, greater emphasis must be placed on promotional programs to get more people into a store.

[13] Everything possible was done to conceal our movements from the enemy and to mislead them.

[14] You are wanted on the phone.

[15] Swift progress has also been made in culture and education. （被动语态）

[16]饭做好了。

[17]书已经卖完了。

[18]书出版了。

[19]树栽好了。[20]会议取消了。

[21]问题解决了。[22]机器修好了。

四、“尾焦点”（end-focus）与信息重心的调整。

[1] It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife. (Pride and Prejudice)

[2] I am very happy to have received your message of greetings.

[3] He had a disconcerting habit of expressing contradictory ideas in rapid succession.

[4] It is surely not wrong to live in the present rather than in the past or future.

[5] The two sides found it beneficial to have this opportunity to present to one another their views on a variety of issues.

[6] He had to stay at home because he was ill.

[7] There are many wonderful stories to tell about the places I visited and the people I met.

[8] Petra had become the leader of the girls as soon as she snapped out of her original depression at coming to Prague.

[9]你们班住在乡下的同学有多少？

[10]我们分别之后，一直没有发生什么事情。

[11]杭州市北有超山，西有天目山，附近还有桐庐瑶琳仙境、桐君山、建德灵栖三洞、新安江“千岛湖”等名胜，形成一个以西湖为中心的广阔旅游区。

翻译练习: [1] The government is doing its best to ease the tension in that region.

[2] The large mammalian brain is the most complicated thing, for its size, known to us.

[3]发展体育运动，增强人民体质。[4]他病了，今天没来。

[5]水能载舟，亦能覆舟。[6]天气寒冷，河水都结冰了。

[7]前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。

[8] It didn’t occur to me that y ou would object.

[9] His new book hits off the American temperament with amazing insight.

[10] The Second World War brought him rapid battle promotion.

[11] It is through struggle that we learnt this truth.

[12] He became deaf after an attack of illness at 5.

[13] I had to postpone the visit which I had intended to pay to China in January.