2013年6月英语四级考试真题及答案(第2套)

2013年6月四级真题(第2套)Part I Writing(30minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to write a short essay.You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on.the importance of learning basic skills.You should write at least120words but no more than180words.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

Part II Listening Comprehension(30minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,you will hear8short conversations and2long conversations.At the end of each conversation,one or more questions will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After each question there will be a pause.During the pause,you must read the four choices marked A,B,C and D,and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

1.A．Children should be taught to be more careful.B．Children shouldn't drink so much orange juice.C．There is no need for the man to make such a fuss.D．Timmy should learn to do things in the right way.2..A．Fitness training.B．The new job offer.C．Computer programming.D．Directorship of the club.3.A．He needs to buy a new sweater.B．He has got to save on fuel bills.C．The fuel price has skyrocketed.D．The heating system doesn't work..4.A．Committing theft.B．Taking pictures.C．Window shopping.D．Posing for the camera.5.A．She is taking some medicine.B．She has not seen a doctor yet.C．She does not trust the man's advice.D．She has almost recovered from the cough.6.A．Pamela's report is not finished as scheduled.B．Pamela has a habit of doing things in a hurry.C．Pamela is not good at writing research papers.D．Pamela's mistakes could have been avoided.7.A．In the left-luggage office.B．At the hotel reception.C．In a hotel room.D．At an airport.8.A．She was an excellent student at college.B．She works in the entertainment business.C．She is fond of telling stories in her speech.D．She is good at conveying her message.Questions9to11are based on the conversation you have just heard.9.A．Arranging the woman's appointment with Mr.Romero.B．Fixing the time for the designer's latest fashion show. C．Talking about an important gathering on Tuesday.D．Preparing for the filming on Monday morning.10.A．Her travel to Japan.B．The awards ceremony.C．The proper hairstyle for her new role.D．When to start the makeup session.11.A．He is Mr.Romero's agent.B．He is an entertainment journalist.C．He is the woman's assistant.D．He is a famous movie star.Questions12to15are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A．Make an appointment for an interview.B．Send in an application letter.C．Fill in an application form.D．Make a brief self-introduction on the phone.13.A．Someone having a college degree in advertising.B．Someone experienced in business management.C．Someone ready to take on more responsibilities.D．Someone willing to work beyond regular hours.14.A．Travel opportunities.B．Handsome pay.C．Prospects for promotion.D．Flexible working hours.15.A．It depends on the working hours.B．It is about500pounds a week.C．It will be set by the Human Resources.D．It is to be negotiated.Section BDirections:In this section,you will hear3short passages.At the end of each passage,you will hear some questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A,B,C and D.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

Passage OneQuestions16to19are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A．To give customers a wider range of choices.B．To make shoppers see as many items as possible.C．To supply as many varieties of goods as it can.D．To save space for more profitable products.17.A．On the top shelves.B．On the bottom shelves.C．On easily accessible shelves.D．On clearly marked shelves.18.A．Many of them buy things on impulse.B．A few of them are fathers with babies.C．A majority of them are young couples.D．Over60%of them make shopping lists.19.A．Sales assistants promoting high margin goods.B．Sales assistants following customers around.C．Customers competing for good bargains.D．Customers losing all sense of time.Passage TwoQuestions20to22are based on the passage you have just heard.20.A．Teaching mathematics at a school.B．Doing research in an institute.C．Studying for a college degree.D．Working in a hi-tech company.21.A．He studied the designs of various clocks.B．He did experiments on different materials.C．He bought an alarm clock with a pig face.D．He asked different people for their opinions.22.A．Its automatic mechanism.B．Its manufacturing process.C．Its way of waking people up.D．Its funny-looking pig face.Passage ThreeQuestions23to25are based on the passage you have just heard.23.A．It is often caused by a change of circumstances.B．It actually doesn't require any special treatment.C．It usually appears all of a sudden.D．It generally lasts for several years.24.A．They cannot mix well with others.B．They irrationally annoy their friends.C．They depend heavily on family members.D．They blame others for ignoring their needs.25.A．They lack consistent support from peers.B．They doubt their own popularity.C．They were born psychologically weak.D．They focus too much on themselves.Section CDirections:In this section,you will hear a passage three times.When the passage is read for the first time,you should listen carefully for its general idea.When the passage is read for the second time you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard.Finally,when the passage is read for the third time,you should check what you have written.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

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2013年6月四级英语真题与听力原文及答案解析

If vw can efnPTv llw diusttrinDal l 4m a Ml wardedabouT ofnucl«r wufe.here, mu can do anyfhiEifi!| 2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题（标准卷）Total score: 710 Total time allowed: 125 minu tes特注：2013年6月大学四级考试采用多题多卷形式，本试卷含两套写作题，考生可以任选其一。

Part I Writing (多题多卷写作题 1) (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importanee of doing small thi ngs before un dertak ing someth ing big. You should write at least 120 words but no more tha n 180 words.Part I Writing (多题多卷写作题 2) (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importanee of readi ng literature. You should write at least 120 words but no more tha n 180 words.」thi nk of it a* if you're reding A long text-message.s limited budget, typically cosisigfhuonars says Kalp They wererPart II Reading Comprehension （Skimming and Scanning ）（15 minutes ）Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A ）, B ）, C ） and D ）. For questio ns 8-10, complete the senten ces with the in formatio n give n in the passage.Can Digital Textbook Truly Replace the Print Kind?The shortcomings of traditional print edition textbooks are obvious: For starters they' re with the average physics textbook weighing 3.6 pounds. They' re also expensive, especially when you factor in the average college stude ntevery semester.But the worst part is that print version of textbooks are constantly undergoing revisions. Many professors require that their stude nts use only the latest vers ions in the classroom, essentially rendering older texts unusable. For students, it means they ' basically stuck with a four pound paper-weight that they can ' t sell back.Which is why digital textbooks, if they live up to their promise, could help ease many of these shortcomings. But till now, they' ve beerkeomimiilnEi]g|3pli （幻影）in the distanee, more like a hazy （模糊的） dream than an actual reality. Imagine the promise: Carrying all yourtextbooks in a 1.3 pound iPad? It sounds almost too good to be true.But there are a few pilot schools already making the transition （过渡）over to digital books. Un iversities like Corn ell and Brow n have jumped on board. And one medical program at the Uni versity of California, Irvi ne, gave their en tire class iPads with which to dow nl oad textbooks just last year.But not all were eager to jump aboard.“ People were tired of using the iPad textbook besides using it for reading, who will be going into his secondyear at Irvine ' s medical program this fall.it as a source of com muni cati on because they could n ' t read or write in it. So a third of the people in my program were using the iPad in class to take no tes, the other third were using laptops and the last third were using paper and pen cil. ”The reason it hasn ' t caught on yet, he tells me, is that telehuality of e-edition textbooksis in credibly limited, and some stude nts just aren' t motivated to lear n new study behavior. But a new application called Inkling might change all that. The company just released an updated version last week, and it utilized ihbsver 50 un dergraduate and graduate classrooms this coming school year.“ Digital textbooks are not going to catch on,” says Inkling CEO Matt Maclnnis as he' me a demo （演示） over coffee. “ Whatl mean by that is the current perspective of the digital textbook is it ' s an exact copy of theprint book. There' s Course Smart, etc., these guys who take any image of the page and put it on a screen. If that' s how we ' re defining digital textbooks, there no hope of that beco ming a main stream product. ” He calls In kli ng a platform for publishers to build rich multimedia content from the gro undup, with a heavy emphasis on real-world fun ctio nality. The traditi onal textbook merely serves as a skelet on.At first glanee Inkling is an impressive experienee. After swiping （敲击）into the iPad app （应用软件）,which you can get for free here, he ope ns up a few differe nt types of textbooks.Up first is a chemistry book. The boot time is pretty fast, and he navigates through （浏9览）afew chapters before swipi ng into a fully ren dered 3D molecule that can be spun around to view its various building blocks. “ Publisherggive us all of the source media, artwork, videos, he says,“ We help them think through how to actually build someth ing for this platform.” Next he pulls u p a music composition textbook, complete with playable demos. It ' s a learning experie nee that attacks you from multiple sen sory direct ions. It ' dear why this would be someth ing a music major would love.A) But the most exciting part about Inkling, to me, is itsnotation (批注) system. Here ' s how itworks! When you purchase a used print book, it comes with its previous owner ' highlights and no tes in the margin s. It uses the experie nee of some one who already went through the class to help improve your readi ng (how much you trust each no tati on is obviously up to you).But with Inkling, you can highlight a piece of content and make notes. Here ' s where thir get in terest ing, though: If a particularly importa nt passage is highlighted by multiple In kli ng users, that in formati on is stored on the cloud and is available for anyone read ing the same textbook to come across. That means users have access to no tes from not only their classmates and Facebook frien ds, but anyone who purchased the book across the coun try. The best comme nts are the n sorted democratically by a voti ng system, meaning that your social lear ning experie nee is shared with the best and brightest thin kers.As a bonus, professors can even chime in (插话 )on discussions. They ' ll be able to answer the questi ons of stude nts who are in their class directly via the in teractive book.Of course, Inkling addresses several of the other shortcomings in traditional print as well. Textbook vers ions are con sta nly updated, motivati ng publishers by mini miz ing product ion costs(the big ones like McGraw-Hill are already on board). Furthermore, stude nts will be able to purchase secti ons of the text in stead of buying the whole thing, with in dividual chapters cost ing as little as $2.99.There are, however, challe nges."It takes efforts to build each book,” Maclnnis tells me. And it ' s clear why. Each in teractive textbook is a media-heavy experie nee built from the ground up, and you can tell that it takes a respectableamount of man power to put together each one. For now the app is also iPad-exclusive, and though a few of these educati onal in stituti ons are giving the hardware away for free, for other students who don' t have such a luxury it ' slayer of cost — and an expe nsive one at that.But this much is clear. The traditi onal textbook model is and has bee n broke n for quite some time. Whether digitally interactive ones like In kli ng actually take off or not remai ns to be see n, and we probably won ' t have a definite answer for the next few years.However the solutio n to any problem begi ns with a step in a directi on. And at least for now, that hazy mirage in the distanee?A little more tangible (可触摸的 ),a little less of a dream. 1. The biggest problem with traditi onal print textbooks is that ________A) they are not reused once a new editi on comes outB) they cost hun dreds of dollars every semesterC) they are too heavy to carry aroundD) they take a Ion ger time to revise2. What does the author say about digital textbooks?A) It ' s not likehey will replace traditional textbooks.B) They haven ' t fixed all the shortcomings of print books.C) Very few of them are available in the market.D) Many people still have difficulty using them.3. Accord ing to Kalpit Shah, some stude nts still use paper and pencil because ___________ .A) they find it troublesome to take no tes with an iPadB) they are un willi ng to cha nge their study behaviorC)they have get tired of read ing on the iPadD)they are not used to readi ng on the scree n4.Inkling CEO Matt Maclnnis explains that the problem with Course Smart ' current digitaltextbooks is that _______ .A)they have to be revised repeatedlyB)they are inconvenient to use in classC)they are differe nt from most mai nstream productsD)they are no more tha n print versions put on a scree n5.Matt Maclnnis describes the updated version of In kli ng as ________ .A) a good example of the main stream productsB) a marvelous product of many creative ideasC) a platform for buildi ng multimedia contentD) a mere skelet on of traditi onal textbooks6.The author is most excited about Inkling 'notation system because one can _____________________________ .A)share his lear ning experie nee with the best and brightest thi nkersB)participate in discussi ons with classmates and Facebook friendsC)vote for the best lear ners democraticallyD)store in formatio n on the cloud7.One additi onal adva ntage of the in teractive digital textbook is that ________ .A)stude nts can switch to differe nt discussi ons at any pointB)stude nts can dow nl oad releva nt critical comme ntsC)professors can join in stude nts ' on li ne discussi onsD)professors can give prompt feedback to stude nts ' homework8.One of the challe nges to build an in teractive digital textbook from the ground up is that is takesa great deal of ________ .9.One problem for stude nts to replace traditi onal textbooks with in teractive digital ones is thehigh ________ of the hardware.10.Accord ing to the author, whether digital textbooks will catch on still ________ .Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the con versati on and the questi ons will be spoke n only once. After each questio n there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the cen tre.B) At the hotel recepti on. D) At an airport.11. A) Childre n should be taught to be more careful.B) Children shouldn ' t drink so much orange juice.C) There is no n eed for the man to make such a fuss.D) Timmy should lear n to do thi ngs in the right way.12. A) Fit ness training.C) Computer program ming.13. A) He n eeds to buy a new sweater.C) The fuel price has skyrocketed.14. A) Committi ng theft.C) Window shopp ing.15. A) She is tak ing some medici ne.B) The new job offer. D) Directorship of the club. B) He has got to save on fuel bills. D) The heating system doesn ' t work.B) Taking pictures. D) Posing for the camera. B) She has not see n a doctor yet.C) She does not trust the man ' s adviceD) She has almost recovered from the cough16. A) Pamela ' s report is not finished as scheduled.B) Pamela has a habit of doing things in a hurry.C) Pamela is not good at writi ng research papers.D) Pamela ' s mistakes could hab e en avoided.17. A) In the left-luggage office.C) In a hotel room. 18. A) She was an excelle nt stude nt at college. B) She works in the en terta inment bus in ess.C) She is fond of tell ing stories in her speech.D) She is good at con vey ing her message. Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) Arranging the woman ' s appointment with Mr. Romero.B) Fix ing the time for the desig nerfashi'onsslaow.t C) Talk ing about an importa nt gatheri ng on Tuesday.D) Prepari ng for the filming on Mon day morning.20. A) Her travel to Japa n.B) The awards ceremony.C) The proper hairstyle for her new role.D) When to start the makeup sessi on.21. A) He is Mr. Romero ' s age nt.B) He is an en terta inment journ alist.C) He is the woman ' s assistant.D) He is a famous movie star.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22.A) Make an appo in tme nt for an in terview.B)Send in an applicati on letter.C)Fill in an applicati on form.D)Make a brief self- in troduct ion on the phone.23.A) Some one hav ing a college degree in advertis ing.B)Some one experie need in bus in ess man ageme nt.C)Some one ready to take on more resp on sibilities.D)Some one willi ng to work bey ond regular hours.24.A) Travel opport un ities.B)Han dsome pay.C)Prospects for promoti on.D)Flexible work ing hours.25.A) It depe nds on the work ing hours.B)It ' s about 500 pound a week.C)It will be set by the Huma n Resources.D)It is to be n egotiated.Section BDirections: In this section you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questi ons. Both the passage and the questi ons will be spoke n only once. After you hear a questi on, you must choose the best an swer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26.A) To give customers a wider range of choices.B)To make shoppers see as many items as possible.C)To supply as many varieties of goods as it can.D)To give space for more profitable products.27.A) On the top shelves.B)On the bottom shelves.C)On easily accessible shelves.D)On clearly marked shelves.28.A) Many of them buy things on impulse.B) A few of them are fathers with babies.C) A majority of them are young couples.D)Over 60% of them make shopp ing lists.29.A) Sales assista nts promoti ng high margin goods.B)Sales assista nts followi ng customers around.C)Customers compet ing for good barga ins.D)Customers los ing all sense of time.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30.A) Teach ing mathematics at a school.B)Doing research in an in stitute.C)Study ing for a college degree.D)Work ing in a high-tech compa ny.31.A) He studied the desig ns of various choices.B)He did experime nts to differe nt materials.C)He bought an alarm clock with a pig face.D)He asked differe nt people for their opinions.32.A) Its automatic mecha ni sm.B)Its manu facturi ng patter n.C)Its way of wak ing people up.D)Its funn y-look ing pig face.Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33.A) It ' s often caused by a change of circumstances.B)It usually doesn ' t require any special attention.C)It usually appears all of a sudde n.D)It usually lasts for several years.34.A) They can ' t nalXvwth others.B)They emoti on ally receive their frien ds.C)They depe nd severely on family members.D)They share similar in terests with frien ds.35.A) They lack con siste nt support from peers.B)They doubt their own popularity.C)They were born psychologically weak.D)They focus too much atte nti on on themselves.Section CDirections: In this sect ion, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should liste n carefully for its gen eral idea. When the passage is read for the sec ond time, you are required to fill in the bla nks nu mbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For bla nks nu mbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the miss ing in formati on. For these bla nks you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write dow n the main points in your own words. Fin ally whe n the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have writte n.There was a time whe n any pers onal in formati on that was gathered about us was typed on a piece of paper and (36) ______________________ away in a file cab in et. It could rema in there for years and, ofte n (37) ____________ , n ever reach the outside world.Things have done a complete about-face since the n. (38) _______________for the cha nge has bee nthe ast onishin gly (39) ___________ developme nt in rece nt years of the computer. Today, any data thatis(40) ___________ about us in one place or ano ther —and for one reas on or ano ther —can bestored in a computer ban k. It can the n be easily passed to other computer ban ks. They are owned by (41) _____________________ and by private bus in esses and corporati ons, lending (42) ___________________ , direct mailing and telemarketing firms, credit bureaus, credit card companies, and government (43) at the local, state, and federal level.A grow ing nu mber of America ns are see ing the accumulati on and distributio n of computerized date as a frighte ning in vasi on of their privacy. (44) ________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ as the computer becomesincreasingly efficient, easier to operate, and less costly to purchase and maintain. In 1970, a n atio nal survey showed that (45)________________________ . Seven years later, 47 perce nt expressed the same worry. (46) ______________________Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this sect ion, there is a passage with ten bla nks. You are required to select one word for each bla nk from a list of choices give n in a word bank follow ing the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresp onding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a si ngle line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Walk ing, if you do it vigorously eno ugh, is the overall best exercise for regular physical activity. It requires no equipme nt, every one knows how to do it and it carries the 47 risk ofinjury. The huma n body is desig ned to walk. You can walk in parks or along a river or in your n eighborhood. To get 48 ben efit from walk ing, aim for 45 mi nu tes a day, an average of five days a week.Stren gth training is ano ther importa nt 49 of physical activity. Its purpose is to build and50_ bone and muscle mass, both of which shrink with age. In general, you will want to do stre ngth trai ning two or three days a week, 51 recovery days betwee n sessi ons.Fin ally, flexibility and bala nee trai ning are 52 importa nt as the body ages. Aches andpains are high on the list of complaints in old age. The result of constant muscle tension and stiffness of joi nts, many of them are 53, and simple flexibility training can 54 these bymaking muscles stronger and keeping joints lubricated (润滑).Some of this you do whenever you stretch. If you watch dogs and cats, you ' ll get an idea of how natueneras . ThS5gis simple: whe never the body has bee n in one positi on for a while, it is good to 56 stretch it in an opposite positi on.Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this sect ion. Each passage is followed by some questi ons or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a sin gle line through the cen tre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Junk food is everywhere. We reeating way too much of it. Most of us know what we' re doing and yet we do it any way.So here ' s a suggestion offered by two researchers at the Rand Corporation: Why not take aless on from alcohol con trol policies and apply them to where food is sold and how it ' s displayed“ Manypolicy measures to control obesity (肥胖症) assume that people consciously andrati on ally choose what and how much they eat and therefore focus on providi ng in formatio n and more access to healthier foods,” note the two researchers."Incon trast, th e researchers continue, “ man yegulati ons that don ' assume people make rati onal choices have bee n successfully applied to con trol alcohol, a substa nee — like food — of which immoder ate consumption leads to serious health problems. ”The research references studies of people ' behavior with food and alcohol and results of alcohol restricti ons, and the n lists five regulati ons that the researchers think might be promis ing if applied to junk foods. Among them:Density restrictions: licenses to sell alcohol aren ' t handed out unplanned to all comers but are allotted (分配) based on the number of places in an area that already sell alcohol. These make alcohol less easy to get and reduce the nu mber of psychological cues to drink.Similarly, the researchers say, being prese nted with junk food stimulates our desire to eat it.So why n ot limit the den sity of food outlets, particularly ones that sell food rich in empty calories?And why not limit sa le of food in places that aren ' t primarily food stores?Display and sales restrict ions: Califor nia has a rule prohibit ing alcohol displays n ear the cash registers in gas stations, and in most places you can ' t b-thiadughcfeatldriveAtsupermarkets, food companies pay to have their wares in places where they ' re easily seen. One could remove junk food to the back of the store and ban them from the shelves at checkout lin es.The other measures in clude restrict ing portion sizes, tax ing and prohibit ing special price deals for junk foods, and placi ng warning labels on the products.57.What does the author say about junk food?A)People should be educated not to eat too much.B)It is widely con sumed despite its ill reputati on.C)Its temptati on is too strong for people to resist.D)It causes more harm tha n is gen erally realized.58.What do the Rand researchers think of many of the policy measures to con trol obesity?A)They should be impleme nted effectively.B)They provide misleadi ng in formati on.C)They are based on wrong assumptio ns.D)They help people make rati onal choices.59.Why do policymakers of alcohol con trol place den sity restricti ons?A)Few people are able to resist alcohol ' s temptations.B)There are already too many stores selli ng alcohol.C)Drinking stro ng alcohol can cause social problems.D)Easy access leads to customers -con sumpeFn.60.What is the purpose of California ' s rule about alcohol display in gas stations?A)To effectively limit the den sity of alcohol outlets.B)To help drivers to give up the habit of drinking.C)To preve nt possible traffic jams in n earby areas.D)To get alcohol out of drivers ' immediate sight.61.What is the gen eral guideli ne the Rand researchers suggest about junk food con trol?A)Guidi ng people to make rati onal choices about food.B)Enhancing people ' s awareness of their own health.C)Borrow ing ideas from alcohol con trol measures.D)Resort ing to econo mic, legal and psychological means.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Kodak' s decisi on to file for ban kruptcy (破产) protect ion is a sad, though not un expected, turning point for a leading American corporation that pioneered consumer photography and domin ated the film market for decades, but ultimately failed to adapt to the digital revoluti on.Although many attribute Kodak' sdownfall to complacency(自满),"that explanationdoesn ' atknow-ledge the lengths to which the company went to reinvent itself. Decades ago, Kodak an ticipated that digital photography would overtake film — and in fact, Kodak inven ted the first digital camera in 1975 —— but in a fateful decisi on, the compa ny chose to shelf its newdiscovery to focus on its traditi onal film bus in ess.It wasn ' t that Kodak was bdirbo the future, said Rebecca Henderson, a professor at Harvard Busin ess School, but rather that it failed to execute on a strategy to confront it. By the time the compa ny realized its mistake, it was too late.Kodak is an example of a firm that was very much aware that they had to adapt, and spe nt a lot of money trying to do so, but ultimately failed. Large companies have a difficult time switching into new markets because there is a temptation to put existing assets into the new bus in esses.Although Kodak an ticipated the in evitable rise of digital photography, its corporate (企业的) culture was too rooted in the successes of the past for it to make the clea n break n ecessary to fully embrace the future. They were a compa ny stuck in time. Their history was so importa nt to them. Now their history has become a liability.Kodak' sdownfall over the last several decades was dramatic. In 1976, the company comma nded 90% of the market for photographic film and 85% of the market for cameras. But the 1980s brought new competition from Japanese film company Fuji Photo, which undermined Kodak by offering lower prices for film and photo supplies. Kodak ' s decision not to pursue therole of official film for the 1984 Los An geles Olympics was a major miscalculati on. The bid went in stead to Fuji, which exploited its spon sorship to win a perma nent foothold in the marketplace.62.What do we learn about Kodak?A)It went ban krupt all of a sudde n.B)It is approach ing its dow nfall.C)It in itiated the digital revoluti on in the film in dustry.D)It is play ing a dominant role in the film market.63.Why does the author mention Kodak ' s invention of the first digital camera?A)To show its early attempt to reinven t itself.B)To show its effort to overcome complace ncy.C)To show its quick adaptation to the digital revolution.D)To show its will to compete with Japan ' s Fuji photo.64.Why do large compa nies have difficulty switch ing to new markets?A)They find it costly to give up their existing assets.B)They tend to be slow in confron ti ng new challe nges.C)They are un willi ng to in vest in new tech no logy.D)They are deeply stuck in their glorious past.65.What does the author say Kodak ' s history has become?A) A burde n.B) A mirror.C) A joke.D) A challe nge.66.What was Kodak ' s fatal mistake?A)Its bli nd faith in traditi onal photography.B)Its failure to see Fuji photo ' s emerge nee.C)Its refusal to spo nsor the 1984 Olympics.D)Its overcon fide nee in its corporate culture.Part V Cloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.Whether you think you need daytime rest or not, picking up a nap (午睡) habit is a smart, healthy move. The Mayo Cli nic says n aps 67 relaxati on, better mood and alert ness, and asharper work ing 68 . A 2008 British study found that compared to gett ing more ni ghttime sleep,a mid-day nap was the best way to cope 69 the mid-after noon sleep in ess.According to the Harvard Health Letter, several studies have shown that people _70 new in formatio n better whe n they take a nap shortly after lear ning it. And, most 71 , a 2007study of n early 24,000 Greek adults in the Archives of Internal Medici ne found that people who n apped 72 had a 37 perce nt reduced risk of dying 73 heart disease compared to peoplewho didn ' t nap.Of course, n app ing isn 't 74 for every on e. If you ' reufferi ng from in ability to sleep, naps that are too long or taken too late in the day can 75 with your ability to fall or stay asleep at ni ght.But for most, n aps can make you feel sharper and happier. Naps provide differe nt ben efits 76_ on how long they are. A20-minute nap will boost alertness and concentration; a 90-minute snooze (小睡)can 77 creativity.Accord ing to preve ntio , you 78 a n atural dip in body temperature 79 1 p.m.and 3 p.m. A short nap at this time can boost alert ness 80 several hours and, for most people, shouldn ' t 81 being able to fall asleep at night.Pick a dark, cozy place that ' s not too warm or too chilly. prevention*2)m snapping。

2013年6月份英语四级题目和答案

Part III Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.11.W: What are you doing in here, Sir? Didn't you see the private sign over there?M: I'm sorry. I didn't notice it when I came in. I'm looking for the manager's office.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?12.W: Mike, what's the problem? You've known from month the report is due today.M: I know, but I'm afraid I need another few days. The data is hard to interpret than I expected.Q: What does the man mean?13.W: Excuse me, Tony. Has my parcel from New York arrived?M: Unfortunately, it's been delayed due to the bad weather.Q: What is the woman waiting for?14.W: Pam said we won't have the psychology test until the end of next week.M: Ellen, you should know better than to take Pam's words for anything.Q: What doesthe man imply about Pam?15.W: Tom, would you please watch my suitcase for a minute? I need to go make a quick phone call. M: Yeah, sure. Take your time. Our train doesn’t leave for another twenty minutes.Q: What does the man mean?16.M: Frankly, Mary is not what I'd called easy-going.W: I see. People in our neighborhood find it hard to believe she's my twin sister.Q: What does the woman imply?17.M: How soon do you think this can be cleaned?W: We have same day service, sir. You can pick up your suit after five o'clock.Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?18.W: I really enjoy that piece you just play on the piano. I bet you get a lot of requests for it.M: You said it. People just can't get enough of it.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?Section BQuestions 19-22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.W: Good afternoon, Mr. Jones. I am Teresa Chen, and I’ll be interviewing you. How are you today? M: I am fine, thank you. And you, Miss Chen?W: Good, Thanks. Can you tell me something about your experience in this kind of work?M: Well, for several years, I managed a department for the Brownstone Company in Detroit, Michigan. Now I work part time because I also go to school at night. I’m getting a business degree.W: Oh, how interesting. Tell me, why do you want to leave your present job?M: I’ll finish school in a few months, and I’d like a full-time position with more responsibility.W: And why would you like to work for our company?M: Because I know your company’s work and I like it.W: Could you please tell me about your special skills and interests?M: Of course, I’m good at computers and I can speak Spanish. I used to take classes in Spanish at the local college. And I like travelling a lot.W: Can you give me any references?M: Yes, certainly. You can talk to Mr. McCaw, my boss, at the Brownstone Company. I could also give you the names and numbers of several of my teachers.W: All right, Mr. Jones, and would you like to ask me any questions?M: Yes, I wonder when I’ll be informed about my application for the job.W: Well, we’ll let you know as soon as possible. Let’s stay in touch. Thank you very much for coming this afternoon.M: Thank you.Questions 19-22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. What does the man say about his working experience?20. Why does the man want to leave his present job?21. What is the man interested in?22. What question did the man ask the woman？Questions 23-25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.M: Lisa, Lisa! Over here, darling! It's wonderful to see you. Oh, Lisa, you look marvelous.W: Oh, Paul, you look tired. Two months away in the capital? Paul, I think you've been working too hard.M: I'm fine. The city is very hot this time of the year. It's good to get back to some fresh air. You know, Lisa, what they say about pregnant women really is true.W: What's that Paul?M: They say they look beautiful.W: Well, I had a lot of tension while you've been studying hard on your course in D.C.M: Oh?W: Oh, don't worry, all from a man over 50. Father has told all his business friends the good news about the baby. And the phone hasn't stopped ringing.M: Oh, look, darling. There's a taxi.W: Paul, tell me about the special project you mentioned on the phone. You sounded very excited about it!M: You know, I've learned a lot from the project. I'm surprised that was still in business.W: That's because we have a wonderful sales manager ——you!M: Thanks. But that's not the problem at all. Lisa, our little company, and it is little compared to the giants in the city. Our little company's in danger. We are out of date.We need to expand. If we don't, we will be swallowed up by one of the giants.Questions 23-25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. What do we learn about Lisa?24. What do we learn about the man from the conversation?25. What does the man say about his company?Section CPassage 1Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.Farmington, Utah, is a more pleasant community since a local girls' 4-H club improved Main Street. Six 4-H girls worked to clean the 72 foot curbside that was covered with weeds, rocks and trash. Each member volunteered to clean up and to dig in plot, five flats of flowers. They also took terms in watering, weeding and maintaining the plot. Participation in this project helped the girls developed a new attitude towards their parents of their own homes; they've learned how to work with tools, and improve their work habits. One mother said that before her daughter was involved in this project, she would not even pour a weed. The experience on Main Street stimulated self-improvement, and encouraged members to take pride in their home grounds and the total community. City officials cooperated with the 4-H members in planting trees, building cooking facilities, pick-me tables, swings and public rest rooms. The 4-H girls planted trees and took care of them during the early stages of growth. The total park project needed more plantings in the following years. Members of the 4-H club agreed to follow the project through to completion, because they receive satisfaction from the results of constructive work. The project is a growing one and is spread from the park to the school and the shopping center. Trees and flowers have all been planted in the shopping center, making the atmosphere pleasant.Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. What do we learn about Main Street in Farmington?27. What do the 4-H club members do about the curbside?28. What have the 4-H girls learned from the project?29. Why do the 4-H girls agree to follow the park project through to complete.Question 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.Passage 2According to a survey on reading conducted in 2001 by the U.S. National Education Association (NEA), young Americans say reading is important, more important than computers and science. Over 50% of the 12 to 18 years old interviewed say they enjoy reading a lot. 79% find it stimulating and interesting. And 87% think it is relaxing. About 68% of those surveyed disagreed with the opinion that reading is boring or old-fashioned.Over half teenagers interviewed said they read more than ten books a year. The results also show that middle school students read more books than high schoolers. Over 66% of teens like to read fiction, such as novels and stories. Over 26% are interested in non-fiction, such history books.64% of students listed reading stories about people my own age. That's a favorite topic. Mysteries and detective stories came second on the list at 53%. Just under 50% said they were interested in reading about their own culture in tradition. Of the teenagers who participated in the survey, 49% said that libraries are where they get most of their books. However, many complain that theirschool libraries do not have enough up-to-date interesting books and magazines. Even though many teenagers in the US enjoy reading, they still have other interests. When asked which activity would be the most difficult to give up for a week, 48% said listening to music. TV would be difficult to give up for 25% of those surveyed.Question 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. What does the survey on teenager reading show?31. What books are most popular among teenagers according to the survey?32. What activity do teenagers find the most difficult to give up for a week?Questions 33-35 are based on the passage you have just heard.Passage 3Thank you for coming, everyone. Today’s presentation will show how we see the development of the motor car in the short to medium term, and that is why we have invited all of you here today. Let’s start with power. It’s clear that petrol-driven engines have no future. Already there are many alternative fuel vehicles on the market, powered by anything from solar power to natural gas. Some independent thinkers have even produced cars that run on vegetable oil. But as we all know, of all these alternative fuel vehicles, the most practical are electric vehicles. Sure, in the past electric vehicles have their problems, namely, a limited driving range, and very few recharging points, which limited their use. Now, however, recent developments in electric vehicle technology mean they can match conventional petrol engines in terms of performance and safety. Let’s not forget that electric vehicles ar e cleaner. Plus, importantly, the power source is rechargeable, so this does not involve using any valuable resources. Moving on to communications, very soon, cars will be linked to GPS satellites, so they’ll do all the driving for you. What controls remain for the users will be audio-based, so, for example, you’ll just have to say “a bit warmer”, and the air conditioning will adjust automatically. You’ll also be able to receive email, music and movies, all via an internet link. So just type in the destination you want, sit back, sleep, watch your movie, whatever.Questions 33-35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. What is the presentation mainly about?34. What used to restrict the use of electric vehicles?35. What does the speaker say about electric vehicles of today?2013年6月大学英语四级考试Part III Listening Comprehension长对话答案+解析Conversation 1【听力原文】W: Good afternoon, Mr. Jones. I am Teresa Chen, and I’ll be interviewing you. How are you today?M: I am fine, thank you. And you, Miss Chen?Good, Thanks.W: Can you tell me something about your experiences in this kind of work?M: Well, for several years, I managed a department for the Brownstone Company in Detroit, Michigan. Now I work part time because I also go to school at ni ght. I’m getting a business degree.W: Oh, how interesting. Tell me, why do you want to leave your present job?M: I’ll finish school in a few months, and I’d like a full-time position with more responsibility.W: And why would you like to work for our company?M: Because I know your company’s work, and I like it.W: Could you please tell me about your special skills and interests?M: Of course, I’m good at computers and I can speak Spanish. I used to take classes in Spanish at the local college. And I like travelling a lot.W: Can you give me any references?M: Yes, certainly. You can talk to Mr. McCaw, my boss, at the Brownstone Company. I could also give you the names and numbers of several of my teachers.W: All right, Mr. Jones, and would you like to ask me any questions?M: Yes, I wonder when I’ll be informed about my application for the job?W: Well, we’ll let you know as soon as possible. Let’s stay in touch. Thank you very much for coming this afternoon.M: Thank you.Questions 19-22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. What does the man say about his working experience?20. Why does the man want to leave his present job?21. What is the man interested in?22. What question did the man ask the woman？【总评】这是一篇以面试为场景的听力对话。

2013年6月英语四级考试真题以及答案(第2套)

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken onlyonce. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must readthe four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. Thenmark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

1. A． Children should be taught to be more careful.B． Children shouldn't drink so much orange juice.C． There is no need for the man to make such a fuss.D． Timmy should learn to do things in the right way.2.. A． Fitness training.B． The new job offer.C． Computer programming.D． Directorship of the club.3. A． He needs to buy a new sweater.B． He has got to save on fuel bills.C． The fuel price has skyrocketed.D． The heating system doesn't work..4. A． Committing theft.B． Taking pictures.C． Window shopping.D． Posing for the camera.5. A． She is taking some medicine.B． She has not seen a doctor yet.C． She does not trust the man's advice.D． She has almost recovered from the cough.6. A． Pamela's report is not finished as scheduled.B． Pamela has a habit of doing things in a hurry.C． Pamela is not good at writing research papers.D． Pamela's mistakes could have been avoided.7. A． In the left-luggage office.B． At the hotel reception.-C． In a hotel room.D． At an airport.8. A． She was an excellent student at college.B． She works in the entertainment business.C． She is fond of telling stories in her speech.D． She is good at conveying her message.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. A． Arranging the woman's appointment with Mr. Romero.B． Fixing the time for the designer's latest fashion show.C． Talking about an important gathering on Tuesday.D． Preparing for the filming on Monday morning.10. A． Her travel to Japan.B． The awards ceremony.C． The proper hairstyle for her new role.D． When to start the makeup session.11. A． He is Mr. Romero's agent.B． He is an entertainment journalist.C． He is the woman's assistant.D． He is a famous movie star.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A． Make an appointment for an interview.B． Send in an application letter.C． Fill in an application form.D． Make a brief self-introduction on the phone.13. A． Someone having a college degree in advertising.B． Someone experienced in business management.C． Someone ready to take on more responsibilities.D． Someone willing to work beyond regular hours.14. A． Travel opportunities.B． Handsome pay.C． Prospects for promotion.D． Flexible working hours.15. A． It depends on the working hours.B． It is about 500 pounds a week.C． It will be set by the Human Resources.D． It is to be negotiated.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of eachpassage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will bespoken only once. After you hear a question you must choose the best answer fromthe four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer-Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

2013年6月四级英语真题与听力原文及答案解析大学英语

2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题（标准卷）Total score: 710 Total time allowed: 125 minutes特注：2013年6月大学四级考试采用多题多卷形式，本试卷含两套写作题，考生可以任选其一。

Part I Writing (多题多卷写作题1) (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of doing small things before undertaking something big. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part I Writing (多题多卷写作题2) (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then expressyour views on the importance of reading literature. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II ReadingComprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Can Digital Textbook Truly Replace the Print Kind?The shortcomings of traditional print edition textbooks are obvious: For starters they’re heavy, with the average physics textbook weighing 3.6 pounds. They’re also expensive, especially when you factor in the average college student’s limited budget, typically costing hundre ds of dollars every semester.But the worst part is that print version of textbooks are constantly undergoing revisions. Many professors require that their students use only the latest versions in the classroom, essentially rendering older texts unusable. For students, it means they’re basically stuck with a four pound paper-weight that they can’t sell back.Which is why digital textbooks, if they live up to their promise, could help ease many of these shortcomings. But till now, they’ve been something li ke a mirage （幻影）in the distance, more like a hazy（模糊的）dream than an actual reality. Imagine the promise: Carrying all your textbooks in a 1.3 pound iPad? It sounds almost too good to be true.But there are a few pilot schools already making the transition（过渡）over to digital books. Universities like Cornell and Brown have jumped onboard. And one medical program at the University of California, Irvine, gave their entire class iPads with which to download textbooks just last year.But not all were eager to jump aboard.“People were tired of using the iPad textbook besides using it for reading,” says Kalpit Shah, who will be going into his second year at Irvine’s medical program this fall. “They weren’t using it as a source of communication because they couldn’t read or write in it. So a third of the people in my program were using the iPad in class to take notes, the other third were using laptops and the last third were using paper and pencil.”The reason it hasn’t caught on yet, he tells me, is that the functionality of e-edition textbooks is incredibly limited, and some students just aren’t motivated to learn new study behavior.But a new application called Inkling might change all that. The company just released an updated version last week, and it’ll be utilized in over 50 undergraduate and graduate classrooms this coming school year.“Digital textbooks are not going to catch on,” says Inkling CEO Matt Maclnnis as he’s giving me a demo（演示）over coffee. “What I mean by that is the current perspective of the digital t extbook is it’s an exact copy of the print book. There’s Course Smart, etc., these guys who take any image of the page and put it on a screen. If that’s how we’re defining digital textbooks, there’s no hope of that becoming a mainstream product.”He calls Inkling a platform for publishers to build rich multimedia content from the ground up, with a heavy emphasis on real-world functionality. The traditional textbook merely serves as a skeleton.At first glance Inkling is an impressive experience. After swiping（敲击）into the iPad app (应用软件), which you can get for free here, he opens up a few different types of textbooks.Up first is a chemistry book. The boot time is pretty fast, and he navigates through (浏览) a few chapters before swiping into a fully rendered 3D molecule that can be spun around to view its various building blocks. “Publishers give us all of the source media, artwork, videos,” he says, “We help them think through how to actually build something for this platform.”Next he pulls up a music composition textbook, complete with playable demos. It’s a learning experience that attacks you from multiple sensory directions. It’s clear why this would be something a music major would love.But the most exciting part about Inkling, to me, is its notation（批注）system. Here’s how it works!When you purchase a used print book, it comes with its previous owner’s highlights and notes in the margins. It uses the experience of someone who already went through the class to help improve your reading (how much you trust each notation is obviously up to you).But with lnkling, you can highlight a piece of content and make notes. Here’s where things get interesting, though: If a particularly important passage is highlighted by multiple lnkling users, that information is stored on the cloud and is available for anyone reading the same textbook to come across. That means users have access to notes from not only their classmates and Facebook friends, but anyone who purchased the book across the country. The best comments arethen sorted democratically by a voting system, meaning that your social learning experience is shared with the best and brightest thinkers.As a bonus, professors can even chime in (插话) on discussions. They’ll be able to answer the questions of students who are in their class directly via the interactive book.Of course, Inkling addresses several of the other shortcomings in traditional print as well. Textbook versions are constanly updated, motivating publishers by minimizing production costs (the big ones like McGraw-Hill are already onboard). Furthermore, students will be able to purchase sections of the text instead of buying the whole thing, with individual chapters costing as little as $2.99.There are, however, challenges.“It takes efforts to build each book,” Maclnnis tells me. And it’s clear why.Each interactive textbook is a media-heavy experience built from the ground up, and you can tell that it takes a respectable amount of manpower to put together each one.For now the app is also iPad-exclusive, and though a few of these educational institutions are giving the hardware away for free, for other students who don’t have such a luxury it’s an added layer of cost — and an expensive one at that.But this much is clear. The traditional textbook model is and has been broken for quite some time. Whether digitally interactive ones like Inkling actually take off or not remains to be seen, and we probably won’t have a definite answer for the next few years.However the solution to any problem begins with a step in a direction. And at least for now, that hazy mirage in the distance? A little more tangible (可触摸的), a little less of a dream.1. The biggest problem with traditional print textbooks is that _____.A) A) they are not reused once a new edition comes outB) they cost hundreds of dollars every semesterC) they are too heavy to carry aroundD) they take a longer time to revise2. What does the author say about digital textbooks?A) It’s not likely they will replace traditional textbooks.B) They haven’t fixed all the shortcomings of print books.C) Very few of them are available in the market.D) Many people still have difficulty using them.3. According to Kalpit Shah, some students still use paper and pencil because _____.A) they find it troublesome to take notes with an iPadB) they are unwilling to change their study behaviorC) they have get tired of reading on the iPadD) they are not used to reading on the screen4. Inkling CEO Matt Maclnnis explains that the problem with Course Smart’s current digital textbooks is that _____.A) they have to be revised repeatedlyB) they are inconvenient to use in classC) they are different from most mainstream productsD) they are no more than print versions put on a screen5. Matt Maclnnis describes the updated version of lnkling as _____.A) a good example of the mainstream productsB) a marvelous product of many creative ideasC) a platform for building multimedia contentD) a mere skeleton of traditional textbooks6. The author is most excited about lnkling’s notation system because one can _____. A) share his learning experience with the best and brightest thinkersB) participate in discussions with classmates and Facebook friendsC) vote for the best learners democraticallyD) store information on the cloud7. One additional advantage of the interactive digital textbook is that _____.A) students can switch to different discussions at any pointB) students can download relevant critical commentsC) professors can join in students’ online discussionsD) professors can give prom pt feedback to students’ homework8. One of the challenges to build an interactive digital textbook from the ground up is that is takes a great deal of _____.9. One problem for students to replace traditional textbooks with interactive digital ones is the high ______ of the hardware.10. According to the author, whether digital textbooks will catch on still _____. Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. A) Children should be taught to be more careful.B) Children shouldn’t drink so much orang e juice.C) There is no need for the man to make such a fuss.D) Timmy should learn to do things in the right way.12. A) Fitness training. B) The new job offer.C) Computer programming. D) Directorship of the club.13. A) He needs to buy a new sweater. B) He has got to save on fuel bills.C) The fuel price has skyrocketed. D) The heating system doesn’t work.14. A) Committing theft. B) Taking pictures.C) Window shopping. D) Posing for the camera.15. A) She is taking some medicine. B) She has not seen a doctor yet.C) She does not trust the man’s advice. D) She has almost recovered from the cough.16. A) Pamela’s report is not finished as scheduled.B) Pamela has a habit of doing things in a hurry.C) Pamela is not good at writing research papers.D) Pamela’s mistakes could have been avoided.17. A) In the left-luggage office. B) At the hotel reception.C) In a hotel room. D) At an airport.18. A) She was an excellent student at college. B) She works in the entertainment business.C) She is fond of telling stories in her speech. D) She is good at conveying her message.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) Arranging the woman’s appointment with Mr. Romero.B) Fixing the time for the designer’s latest fashion show.C) Talking about an important gathering on Tuesday.D) Preparing for the filming on Monday morning.20. A) Her travel to Japan.B) The awards ceremony.C) The proper hairstyle for her new role.D) When to start the makeup session.21. A) He is Mr. Romero’s agent.B) He is an entertainment journalist.C) He is the woman’s assistant.D) He is a famous movie star.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. A) Make an appointment for an interview.B) Send in an application letter.C) Fill in an application form.D) Make a brief self-introduction on the phone.23. A) Someone having a college degree in advertising.B) Someone experienced in business management.C) Someone ready to take on more responsibilities.D) Someone willing to work beyond regular hours.24. A) Travel opportunities.B) Handsome pay.C) Prospects for promotion.D) Flexible working hours.25. A) It depends on the working hours.B) It’s about 500 pound a week.C) It will be set by the Human Resources.D) It is to be negotiated.Section BDirections:In this section you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) To give customers a wider range of choices.B) To make shoppers see as many items as possible.C) To supply as many varieties of goods as it can.D) To give space for more profitable products.27. A) On the top shelves.B) On the bottom shelves.C) On easily accessible shelves.D) On clearly marked shelves.28. A) Many of them buy things on impulse.B) A few of them are fathers with babies.C) A majority of them are young couples.D) Over 60% of them make shopping lists.29. A) Sales assistants promoting high margin goods.B) Sales assistants following customers around.C) Customers competing for good bargains.D) Customers losing all sense of time.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. A) Teaching mathematics at a school.B) Doing research in an institute.C) Studying for a college degree.D) Working in a high-tech company.31. A) He studied the designs of various choices.B) He did experiments to different materials.C) He bought an alarm clock with a pig face.D) He asked different people for their opinions.32. A) Its automatic mechanism.B) Its manufacturing pattern.C) Its way of waking people up.D) Its funny-looking pig face.Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. A) It’s often caused by a change of circumstances.B) It usually doesn’t require any special attention.C) It usually appears all of a sudden.D) It usually lasts for several years.34. A) They can’t mix well with others.B) They emotionally receive their friends.C) They depend severely on family members.D) They share similar interests with friends.35. A) They lack consistent support from peers.B) They doubt their own popularity.C) They were born psychologically weak.D) They focus too much attention on themselves.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.There was a time when any personal information that was gathered about us was typed on a piece of paper and (36) ________ away in a file cabinet. It could remain there for years and, often (37) ________, never reach the outside world.Things have done a complete about-face since then. (38) ________ for the change has been the astonishingly (39) ________ development in recent years of the computer. Today, any data that is(40) ________ about us in one place or another —and for one reason or another — can be stored in a computer bank. It can then be easily passed to other computer banks. They are owned by (41) ________ and by private businesses and corporations, lending (42) ________, direct mailing and telemarketing firms, credit bureaus, credit card companies, and government (43) ________ at the local, state, and federal level.A growing number of Americans are seeing the accumulation and distribution of computerized date as a frightening invasion of their privacy. (44) ____________________________________________________________________ as the computer becomes increasingly efficient, easier to operate, and less costly to purchase and maintain. In 1970, a national survey showed that (45) ___________________________________________________ _________________. Seven years later, 47 percent expressed the same worry. (46) ____________ ________________________________________________________.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes) Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Walking, if you do it vigorously enough, is the overall best exercise for regular physical activity. It requires no equipment, everyone knows how to do it and it carries the 47 risk of injury. The human body is designed to walk. You can walk in parks or along a river or in your neighborhood. To get 48 benefit from walking, aim for 45 minutes a day, an average of five days a week.Strength training is another important 49 of physical activity. Its purpose is to build and 50 bone and muscle mass, both of which shrink with age. In general, you will want to do strength training two or three days a week, 51 recovery days between sessions.Finally, flexibility and balance training are 52 important as the body ages. Aches and pains are high on the list of complaints in old age. The result of constant muscle tension and stiffness of joints, many of them are 53 , and simple flexibility training can 54 these by making muscles stronger and keeping joints lubricated (润滑). Some of this you do whenever you stretch. If you watch dogs and cats, you’ll get an idea of how natural it is. The general55 is simple: whenever the body has been in one position for a while, it is good to56 stretch it in an opposite position.A) allowing F) helping K) preventB) avoidable G) increasingly L) principleC) briefly H) lowest M) provokeD) component I) maintain N) seriouslyE) determined J) maximum O) topicSection BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Junk food is everywhere. We’re eating way too much of it. Most of us know what we’re doing and yet w e do it anyway.So here’s a suggestion offered by two researchers at the Rand Corporation: Why not take a lesson from alcohol control policies and apply them to where food is sold and how it’s displayed?“Many policy measures to control obesity（肥胖症）assume that people consciously and rationally choose what and how much they eat and therefore focus on providing information and more access to healthier foods,” note the two researchers.“In contrast,” the researchers continue, “many regulations that don’t assume people make rational choices have been successfully applied to control alcohol, a substance — like food — of which immoderate consumption leads to serious health problems.”The research references studies of people’s behavior with food and alcohol and results of alcohol restrictions, and then lists five regulations that the researchers think might be promising if applied to junk foods. Among them: Density restrictions: licenses to sell alcohol aren’t handed out unplanned to all comers but are allotted（分配）based on the number of places in an area that already sell alcohol. These make alcohol less easy to get and reduce the number of psychological cues to drink.Similarly, the researchers say, being presented with junk food stimulates our desire to eat it. So why not limit the density of food outlets, particularly ones that sell food rich in empty calories? And why not limit sale of food in places that aren’t primarily food stores?Display and sales restrictions: California has a rule prohibiting alcohol displays near the cash registers in gas stations, and in most places you can’t buy alcohol at drive-through facilities. At supermarkets, food companies pay to have their wares in places where they’re easily seen. One could remove junk food to the back of the store and ban them from the shelves at checkout lines. The other measures include restricting portion sizes, taxing and prohibiting special price deals for junk foods, and placing warning labels on the products.57. What does the author say about junk food?A) People should be educated not to eat too much.B) It is widely consumed despite its ill reputation.C) Its temptation is too strong for people to resist.D) It causes more harm than is generally realized.58. What do the Rand researchers think of many of the policy measures to control obesity?A) They should be implemented effectively.B) They provide misleading information.C) They are based on wrong assumptions.D) They help people make rational choices.59. Why do policymakers of alcohol control place density restrictions?A) Few people are able to resist alcohol’s temptations.B) There are already too many stores selling alcohol.C) Drinking strong alcohol can cause social problems.D) Easy access leads to customers’ over-consumption.60. What is the purpose of California’s rule about alcohol display in gas stations?A) To effectively limit the density of alcohol outlets.B) To help drivers to give up the habit of drinking.C) To prevent possible traffic jams in nearby areas.D) To get alcohol out of drivers’ immediate sight.61. What is the general guideline the Rand researchers suggest about junk food control?A) Guiding people to make rational choices about food.B) Enhancing people’s awareness of their own health.C) Borrowing ideas from alcohol control measures.D) Resorting to economic, legal and psychological means.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Kodak’s decision to file for bankruptcy（破产）protection is a sad, though not unexpected, turning point for a leading American corporation that pioneered consumer photography and dominated the film market for decades, but ultimately failed to adapt to the digital revolution.Although many attribute Kodak’s downfall to “complacency(自满) ,” that explanation doesn’t acknow-ledge the lengths to which the company went to reinvent itself. Decades ago, Kodak anticipated that digital photography would overtake film — and in fact, Kodak invented the first digital camera in 1975 — but in a fateful decision, the company chose to shelf its new discovery to focus on its traditional film business.It wasn’t that Kodak was blind to the future, said Rebecca Henderson, a professor at Harvard Business School, but rather that it failed to execute on a strategy to confront it. By the time the company realized its mistake, it was too late.Kodak is an example of a firm that was very much aware that they had to adapt, and spent a lot of money trying to do so, but ultimately failed. Large companies have a difficult time switching into new markets because there is atemptation to put existing assets into the new businesses.Although Kodak anticipated the inevitable rise of digital photography, its corporate（企业的）culture was too rooted in the successes of the past for it to make the clean break necessary to fully embrace the future. They were a company stuck in time. Their history was so important to them. Now their history has become a liability.Kodak’s do wnfall over the last several decades was dramatic. In 1976, the company commanded 90% of the market for photographic film and 85% of the market for cameras. But the 1980s brought new competition from Japanese film company Fuji Photo, which undermined Kodak by offering lower prices for film and photo supplies. Kodak’s decision not to pursue the role of official film for the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics was a major miscalculation. The bid went instead to Fuji, which exploited its sponsorship to win a permanent foothold in the marketplace.62. What do we learn about Kodak?A) It went bankrupt all of a sudden.B) It is approaching its downfall.C) It initiated the digital revolution in the film industry.D) It is playing a dominant role in the film market.63. Why does the author mention Kodak’s invention of the first digital camera?A) To show its early attempt to reinvent itself.B) To show its effort to overcome complacency.C) To show its quick adaptation to the digital revolution.D) To show its will to compete with Japan’s Fuji photo.64. Why do large companies have difficulty switching to new markets?A) They find it costly to give up their existing assets.B) They tend to be slow in confronting new challenges.C) They are unwilling to invest in new technology.D) They are deeply stuck in their glorious past.65. What does the author say Kodak’s history has become?A) A burden.B) A mirror.C) A joke.D) A challenge.66. What was Kodak’s fatal mistake?A) Its blind faith in traditional photography.B) Its failure to see Fuji photo’s emergence.C) Its refusal to sponsor the 1984 Olympics.D) Its overconfidence in its corporate culture.Part V Cloze (15 minutes)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Whether you think you need daytime rest or not, picking up a nap（午睡）habit is a smart, healthy move. The Mayo Clinic says naps 67 relaxation, better mood and alertness, and a sharper working 68 . A 2008 British study found that compared to getting more nighttime sleep, a mid-day nap was the best way to cope 69 the mid-afternoon sleepiness.According to the Harvard Health Letter, several studies have shown that people 70 new information better when they take a nap shortly after learning it. And, most 71 , a 2007 study of nearly 24,000 Greek adults in the Archives of Internal Medicine found that people who napped 72 had a 37 percent reduced risk of dying 73 heart disease compared to people who didn’t nap.Of course, napping isn’t74 for everyone. If you’re suffering from inability to sleep, naps that are too long or taken too late in the day can 75 with your ability to fall or stay asleep at night.But for most, naps can make you feel sharper and happier. Naps provide different benefits 76 on how long they are. A 20-minute nap will boost alertness and concentration; a 90-minute snooze（小睡）can 77 creativity.According to , you 78 a natural dip in body temperature 79 1 p.m. and 3 p.m. A short nap at this time can boost alertness 80 several hours and, for most people, shouldn’t81 being able to fall asleep at night.Pick a dark, cozy place that’s not too warm or too chilly. 82 snapping on the couch instead of in bed, so you’re less83 to snooze for too long.Surprisingly, the best place to take a nap may be a hammock（吊床）if you have one. A Swiss study 84 last year found that people fell asleep faster and had deeper sleep when they napped in a hammock than in a bed. That same rocking 85 that puts babies to sleep works 86 for grown-ups, too.67. A) enforce B) promote C) operate D) support68. A) feeling B) frame C) sense D) mind69. A) with B) aside C) about D) upon70. A) remark B) consider C) remember D) concern71. A) reportedly B) incredibly C) constantly D) frankly72. A) regularly B) enormously C) heavily D) strongly73. A) off B) under C) against D) from74. A) exact B) correct C) right D) precise75. A) influence B) eliminate C) compete D) interfere76. A) focusing B) depending C) relying D) basing77. A) enlarge B) engage C) enhance D) enlighten。

2013年06月大学英语四级真题含答案

2013年6月大学英语四级考试试题Part Writing (30 minute)Directions: For this part ,you are allowed 30minute to write a short essay on the topic of students selecting their lectures. You should write at least 120 words following the outline when bellow:1.有些大学允许学生自由选择某些课程的任课教师2.学生选择教师时所考虑的主要因素3.学生自选任课教师的益处和可能产生的问题Part II Reading comprehension (skimming and scanning ) (15 minute)HighwayA government study recommended a national highway system of 33,920 miles, and congress passed the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1944,which called for strict, centric controlled desert criteria.The interstate highway system was finally launched in 1956 and has been hailed as one of the greatest public works projects of the century .To build its 44,000-mile web of highways, bridge and tunnels, hundreds of unique engineering designs and solutions had to be worked out. Consider the many geographic, features of the country: mountains, steep grades, wetlands, rivers, deserts and plains. Variables included the slope of the land, the ability of the pavement to support the load. Innovative, designs of roadways, tunnels, bridges, overpasses, and interchanges that could run through or bypass urban areas soon began to weave their way across the country, forever altering the face of American.Long-span, segmented-concrete, cable-stayed bridges such as Hale Boggs in Louisiana and the Sunshine Skyway in Florida ,and remarkable tunnels like Fort Mchenry in Maryland and Mr. baker in Washington developed under the nation's physical challenges, Traffic control systems and methods of construction developed under the interstate program soon influenced highway construction around the world, and were invaluable in improving the condition of urban streets and traffic patterns.Today the interstate system links every major city in the U.S, and the U.S with Canada and Mexico. Built with safety in mind the highways have wide lanes and shoulders, dividing medians, or barriers, long entry and exit lanes, our engineered for safe turns, and limited access. The death rate on highways is half that of all other U.S roads (0.86 deaths per 100 million passenger miles compared to 1.99 deaths per 100 million on all other roads)By opening the North American continent, highways have enabled consumer goods and services to reach people in remote and rural areas of jobs, access to the growth options in terms of jobs access to cultural programs health care, and other benefits. Above all, the interstate system provides individuals with what they enrich most: personal freedom of mobility.The interstate system has been an essential element of the nation's economic growth in terms of shipping and job creation: more than 75 percent of the nation's freight deliveries arrive by truck. And most products that arrive by rail or air use interstates for the last leg of the journey by vehicle.Not only has the highway system affected the American economy by providing shipping routes, it has led to the growth of spin-off industries like service stations ,motels, restaurants, and shopping centers. It has allowed the relocation of manufacturing plants and other industries from urban areas to rural.By the end of the century there was an immense network of paved roads, residential streets, expressways, and freeways built to support millions of vehicles. The high way system was officially renamed for Eisenhower to honor his vision and leadership. The year construction began he said: "Together, the united forces of our communication and transportation systems are dynamic elements in the very name we bear -United States. Without them, we would be a mere alliance of many separate parts."1. National standards for paved roads were in place by 1921.2. General Eisenhower felt that the broad German motorways made more sense than the two-lane highways of America.3. It was in the 1950s that the American government finally took action to build a national highway system.4. Many of the problems presented by the country’s geograp hical features found solutions in innovative engineering projects.5. In spite of safety considerations, the death rate on interstate highways is still higher than that of other American roads.6. The interstate highway system provides access between major military installations in America.7. Services stations, motels and restaurants promoted the development of the interstate highway system.8. The greatest benefit brought about by the interstate system was___________9.Trucks using the interstate highways deliver more than__________________10.The interstate system was renamed after Eisenhower in recognition_____________Part Ⅲ Listening ComprehensionSection A11. A)The girls got on well with each other. B)It's understandable that girls don't get along.C)She was angry with the other young stars. D)The girls lacked the courage to fight.12. A)The woman does her own housework. B)The woman needs a housekeeper.C)The woman's house is in a mess. D)The woman works as a housekeeper.13. A)The Edwards are quite well-off.B)The Edwards should cut down on their living expenses.C)It'll be unwise for the Edwards to buy another house.D)It's too expensive for the Edwards to live in their present house.14.A)The woman didn't except it to be so warm at noon. B)The woman is sensitive to weather changes.C)The weather forecast was unreliable D)The weather turned cold all of a sudden.15. A)At a clinic. B)At a restaurant. C)In a supermarket. D)In an ice cream shop.16. A)The woman did not feel any danger growing up in the Bronx.B)The man thinks it was quite safe living in the Bronx district.C)The woman started working at an early age to support her family .D)The man doesn’t think it safe to send an 8-year-old to buy things.17. A)The man has never seen the woman before. B)The two speakers work for the same company.C)The two speakers work in the same floor. D)The woman is interested in market research.18. A)The woman can't tolerate any noise. B)The man is looking foe an apartment.C)The man has missed his appointment. D)the woman is going to take a train trip.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A)To make a business report to the woman . B)To be interviewed for a job in the woman's company.C)To resign from his position in the woman's company. D)To exchange stock market information with the woman.20. A)He is head of a small trading company. B)He works in an international insurance company.C)He leads s team of brokers in a big company. D)He is a public relations officer in a small company.21. A)The woman thinks Mr. Saunders is asking for more than they can offer.B)Mr. Saunders will share one third of the woman's responsibilities.C)Mr. Saunders believes that he deserves more paid vacations.D)The woman seems to be satisfied with Mr. Saunders' past experience.22. A)She's worried about the seminar. B)The man keeps interrupting her.C)She finds it too hard. D)She lacks interest in it.23. A)The lecturers are boring. B)The course is poorly designed.C)She prefers Philosophy to English. D)She enjoys literature more.24. A)Karen's friend. B)Karen's parents. C)Karen's lecturers. D)Karen's herself.25. A)Changing her major. B)Spending less of her parents' money.C)Getting transferred to the English Department. D)Leaving the university.Section BPassage One Question 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) Rent a grave. B) Burn the body. C) Bury the dead near a church. D)buy a piece of land for a grave.27. A) To solve the problem of lack of land. B)To see whether they have decayed.C)To follow the Greek religious practice. D)To move them to a multi-Storey28. A)They should be buried lying down . B)They should be buried standing up.C)They should be buried after being washed. D)They should be buried when partially decayed.29. A)Burning dead bodies to ashes. B)Storing dead bodies in a remote place.C)Placing dead bodies in a bone room. D)Digging up dead bodies after three years.Passage Two Question 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. A)Many foreign tourist visit the Unite States every year. B)Americans enjoy eating out with their friends.C)The United States is a country of immigrants. D)Americans prefer foreign foods to their own food.31. A)They can make friends with people from other countries.B)They can get to know people of other cultures and their lifestyles.C)They can practice speaking foreign languages there.D)They can meet with businessmen from all over the world.32. A)The couple cook the dishes and the children help them .B)The husband does the cooking and the wife serves as the address.C)The mother does the cooking while the famepand children within the guests.D)A hired cook prepares the dishes and the family members serve the guests.Passage Three Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard .33. A)He took them to watch a basketball game. B)He trained them to play European football.C)He let them compete in getting balls out of a basket. D)He taught them to play an exciting new game.34. A)The players found the basket too high to teach. B)The players had trouble getting the ball out of the basket.C)The players had difficulty understanding the complex rules. D)The players soon found the game boring.35. A)By removing the bottom of the basket. B)By lowering the position of the basket.C)By simplifying the complex rules. D)By altering the size Of the basket.Section CF or American time is money. They say, “you only get so much time in this life; you'd better use it wisely." The(36)__________without be better than the past or present. As American are (37)__________to see things, unless people use their time for constructive activity, Thus American(38)__________a "well-organized" person is punctual and is(40)__________of other people's time. They do not (41)__________people's time with conversation or other activity that has no(42)__________beneficial outcome.The American attitude toward time is not (43)__________shared by others, especially non-Europeans. They aremore likely to regard time as (44)__________.One of the more difficult things many students must adjust to in the states is the notion that time must be saved whenever possible and used wisely every day.In the contest (45)__________.McDonald’s, KFC, and eating meals. As McDonald’s restaurants(46)__________, bringing not just hamburgers but an emphasis on speed, efficiency, and shiny cleanliness.Part IV reading comprehension(reading in depth)Section AEI Nino is name given to the mysterious and often unpredictable change in the climate of the world. This strange ___47_____happens every five to eight years. It starts in the Pacific Ocean and is thought to be caused by a failure in the trade winds(信风)，which affects the ocean currents driven by these winds. As the trade winds lessen in ____48____,the ocean temperatures rise causing the Peru current flowing in form the east to warm up by as much as 5`C.The warming of the ocean has far-reaching effects. The hot, humid(潮湿的)air over the ocean causes severe ___49___thunderstorms.The rainfall is increased across South American ____50____floods to Peru. In the West pacific, there are droughts affecting Australia and Indonesia. So while some parts of the world prepare for heavy rains and floods, other parts face drought, poor crops and____51____.EI Nino usually lasts for about 18 months The 1982-83 EI Nino brought the most___52____weather in modern history .Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds ____53___of damage. The 1990 EI Nino will ____55___,but they are still not __56___sure what leads to it or what affects how strong it will be.A)estimate B)strength C)deliberately D)notify E)tropical F)phenomenon G)stable H)attractionI)completely J)destructive K)starvation L)bringing M)exhaustion N)worth O)strikeSection BPassage OneCommunications technologies are far from equal when it comes to conveying the truth. The first study to tell lies in phone conversations as they are in emails. The fact that emails are automatically recorded-and can come back to haunt(困扰)you appears to be the key to the finding.Jeff Hancock of Cornell University in Ithaca, Mew York, asked 30 students to keep a communications diary for a week. In it they noted the number of conversations or email exchanges they had lasting more than 10 minutes, and confessed to how many lies they told. Hancock then worked out the number of lies per conversation foe each medium .He found that lies made up 14 per cent of emails, 21 per cent of instant messages,27 per cent of face-to-face interactions and an astonishing 37 per cent of phone calls.His resolves to be presented at the conference on human-computer interaction in Vienna, Austria, in April, have surprised psychologists. Some expected e-mailers to be the biggest liars, reasoning that because deception makes people uncomfortable, the detachment(非直接接触）of emailing would make it easier to lie. Others expected people to lie more in face-to-face exchanges because we are most practiced at that form of communication.But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread, and whether it occurs in real time. People appear to be afraid to lie when they know the communication could later be used to hold them to account, he says. This is why fewer lies appear in email than on the phone.People are also more likely to lie in real time in a instant message or phone call say-than if they have time to think of a response, says Hancock. He fond many lies are spontaneous(脱口而出的)responses to an unexpected demand, such as: “Do you like my dress?"Hancock hopes his research will help companies work our the best ways for their employees to communicate. For instance, the phone might be the best medium foe sales where employees are encouraged to stretch the truth. But, given his result, work assessment where honesty is a priority, might be best done using email.57.Hancock's study focuses on ____________.A)the consequences of lying in various communications’ media.B)the success of communications technologies in conveying ideas.C)people are less likely to lie in instant messages.D)people 's honesty levels across a range of communications media.58.Hancock's research finding surprised those who believed that________________.A)people are less likely to lie in instant messages. B)people are unlikely to lie in face-to-face interactions.C)people are most likely to lie in email communication D)People are twice as likely to lie in phone conversations.59. According to the passage, why are people more likely to tell the truth through certain media of communication?A)They are afraid of leaving behind traces of their lies. B)They believe that honesty is the best policy.C)They tend to be relaxed when using those media. D)They are most practiced at those forms of communication.60. According to Hancock the telephone is a preferable medium for promoting sales because____________.A)Salesmen can talk directly to their customers. B)Salesmen may feel less restrained to exaggerate.C)Salesmen can impress customers as being trustworthy. D)Salesmen may pass on instant messages effectively.61. It can be inferred from the passage that_____________.A)Honesty should be encouraged in interpersonal communicationsB)more employers will use emails to communicate with their employeesC)suitable media should be chosen for different communication purposesD) email is now the dominant medium of communication within a company.Passage TwoIn a country that defines itself by ideals, not by shared blood, who should be allowed to come to work and live here? In the wake of the Sept.11 attacks these questions have never seemed more pressing.On December .11,2001,as part of the effort to increase homeland security ,federal and local authorities in 14 states staged "Operation Safe Travel" -raids on airports to arrest employees with false identification(身份证明).In Salt Lake City there were 69 arrests. But those captured were anything but terrorists, most of them illegal immigrants from Central or South American .Authorities said the undocumented worker's illegal status made them open to blank mall(讹诈)by terrorists Many immigrants in Salt Lake City were angered by the arrests and said they felt as if they were being treated like disposable goods.Mayor Anderson said those feelings were justified to a certain extent. “We’re saying we want you to work in these places, we’re going to look the other way in terms of what our laws are, and then when it's convenient for us, or when we can try to make a point in terms of national security, especially after Sept.11, then you’re disposable Ther e are whole families being uprooted for all of the wrong reasons,” Anderson said.If Sept.11 had never happened the airport workers would not have been arrested and could have gone on quietly living in America, probably indefinitely .Ana Castro, a ,mana ger at a Ben & Jerry’s ice cream shop at the airport had been working 10 years with the same false Social Security card when she was arrested in the December airport raid. Now she and her family are living under the threat of deportation(驱逐出境)。

2013年6月四级听力(第2套)

[01:45.84]College English Test (Band 4)Part ⅢListening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C), and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre. Now let’s begin with the 8 short conversations.Now let’s begin with the 8 short conversations.[02:39.49]11. M: I don’t know what to do with Timmy. This morning I found orange juice spilled all over the kitchen floor.W: Don’t be so hard on him. He’s only four.Q: What does the woman mean?[03:10.96]12. W: Excuse me, sir. I would like to know about the fitness training program in your club.M: I’ll have you speak with the director in charge of new accounts.Q: What is the woman interested in?[03:42.22]13. W: It’s really cold in this apartment. Can we turn up the heat a little bit?M: Sorry. I’ve run out of money and can hardly pay the fuel bill. Maybe you’d better put on a sweater.Q: What does the man mean?[04:15.63]14. M: I’m sorry, Miss. But you have to come with me to the security office. The video cameras in our shop have recorded everything you did.W: No. No. I...I didn’t do anything.I’ll call the police if you dare insult me.Q: What does the man think the woman was doing?[04:53.36]15. M: I think you ought to see a doctor right away about that cough.W: Well, I’ll wait a few more days.I’m sure I’ll get over it soon.Q: What do we learn about the woman?[05:25.64]16. M: I’ve hear d that Pamela made quite a few mistakes in her lab report.W: Well, she wouldn’t have if she hadn’t been in such a hurry to get it done.Q: What does the woman imply?[05:58.07]17. M: We’d better check out before 12 o’clock, Marry. And now there are only thirty minutes left.W: Let’s hurry up. You go pay the bill and I’ll call the reception to have our luggage taken downstairs.Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?[06:35.06]18. W: Have you ever heard this speaker before?M: Yeah. She’s excellent. She gets her point across and it’s entertaining at the same time.Q: What does the man say about the speaker?[07:06.96]Now you will hear the two long conversations.[07:11.36]Conversation OneM: What should I do about Mr. Romero? Remember? He said it was important and couldn’t wait. I think he may want you for that new movie he’s directing.W: That’s absolutely correct. Now, we have to fit him in somewhere. Mmm, what does Monday morning look like?M: That doesn’t look so good. You have a make-up session starting at 6:00. Then filming starts at 8:00 and that’s going to take the whole morning.W: Well, what’s after that?M: You have lunch with your agent to discuss the awards ceremony and you’ll have to meet him at one o’clock at the restaurant.W: Oh, terrific. Listen, I cannot miss that. But I still have to make time for Mr. Romero.M: Well, now, don’t forget you’ve got a three-o’clock appointment with your fashion designer. W: That’s right.You know he’s showing the latest fashions from Japan?You know that loose-fitting look? Those clothes are on show in this year.M: At 4:30, you have an appointment with your hairdresser. Then at 7:00, you have dinner with a journalist. Now remember, be nice to that guy.W: Do I have to? That won’t be easy and it’s likely to run late. How does Tuesday look?M: Well, you have to spend the whole morning at the photographer’s.They’ll take you photos to publicize your new movie.W: What about the afternoon? Am I free then?M: Let me see… Yes, you are free after 3:30.W: Then you can set up a meeting with Mr. Romero at 4:00.M: Ok. I’ll get on it right away.[09:03.86]Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. What are the speakers doing?20. What is the woman going to discuss with her agent over lunch on Monday?21. What do we learn from the conversation about the man?[10:16.28]Conversation TwoM: I’m phoning up about this job you advertise in this paper. This...er...young sales manager? W: Oh, yes.M: I’d like to apply for it. Would you send me an application form?W: No. You simply send in a written application, a letter.M: Can you tell me a bit more about the job?W: Well, we are very looking for someone who isn’t too concerned about working fairly long hours.M: What do you mean by long hours?W: This is a job which does, as the advertisement says, have travel possibilities, and very often, one would be away at weekends, for instance.M: Oh, I thought you meant working in the evenings and working overtime.W: Well, it could also mean working in the evenings. But for a managerial post, I’m afraid we don’t pay overtime. Mmm, that’s for other grades.M: Oh. What kind of money are you paying then?W: Well, this is to be negotiated. Oh, it depends partly on your experience and education. Perhaps you can tell me briefly what that is?M: I’ve just left school and got A level in geography.W: Oh, I see.M: And it’s the travel that appeals to me.That’s why I’m inquiring about the job.W: Yes, I see. What sort of salary were you thinking in terms of?M: Starting off, I thought it would be something like ￡500 a week?W: Well, send in a written application and then we’ll consider your case along with all the other applicants.M: Alright. Many thanks. Good bye.W: Bye.[12:02.82]Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. What does the woman say an applicant should do first to apply for the job?23. What kind of a person is the company looking for?24. What does the man like most about the job?25.What does the woman say about the salary if the man is accepted by the company?[13:39.79]Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.[14:12.34]Passage OneA typical large supermarket offers around 17 000 to 20 000 items for sale and it wants to make sure that customers see as many of them as possible. That’s why you’ll normally find the central goods like bread, vegetables and meat in completely different parts of the store. Products with a high profit margin are always placed on shelves within easy reach of the customer, while lower margin items like sugar or flower are on the top or bottom shelves. Many people make shopping list before they visit supermarkets. But even so, around 60% of all supermarket purchases are the result of decisions that are taken in the store. For this reason, supermarkets try to attract their customers by placing certain kinds of product next to each other.In the UK, beer will often be found next to items for babies because research shows that fathers of babies buy them on their way home from work and will buy beer at the same time. Research has also shown that this kind of impulse buy happens more frequently when no sales assistants are nearby. Supermarkets have made selling such a fine art that their customers often lose all sense of time. When interviewed, customers normally guess t hey’ve only spent half an hour in the supermarket even when they have been there for over 45 minutes. But that shouldn’t be too surprising. Any really profitable supermarket knows that it should keep its clocks well hidden. [16:06.68]Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. Why are central goods displayed in totally different parts of the supermarket?27. Where are goods with a high profit margin usually found?28. What does the speaker say about supermarket goers?29. What shouldn’t be too surprising according to the speaker?[17:42.51]Passage TwoWhen Matty Sallin was working on a degree in art and technology at university, he got an interesting assignment in electronics class: Create something for the household. He decided to create an alarm clock. "Everybody has to use an alarm clock of some kind every day, and it’s extremely unpleasant!" he says. He asked different people what they'd like to wake up to instead of a noisy alarm. A lot of them said, "The smell of bacon." So Sallin invented a new kind of alarm clock: a wooden box with a pig face and a digital clock that uses the smell of cooking bacon rather than sound to wake someone up.He explains, "There's no danger of burning, because I built it carefully. It uses light bulbs instead of a flame for cooking and turns off automatically after ten minutes." Just a few easy steps are required to set the "alarm." "What you do is put in a couple of frozen strips the night before," says Sallin. Bacon is preserved, so there is no danger of its spoiling overnight. " If you set the alarm for 8:00, it will turn on at 7:50 and slow cook for ten minutes under the bulbs," he says. Then the bulbs turn off and a fan blows the smell out through the nose of the pig. "So instead of an alarm, you smell yourself awake," says Sallin. "Then you can open the door on the side and pull the bacon out and eat it."[19:31.91]Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. What was Matty Sallin doing when he created an alarm clock?31. What did Matty Sallin do before making the new type of alarm clock?32. What makes the newly invented alarm clock so unique?[20:47.16]Passage ThreeMost people feel lonely sometimes, but it usually only lasts between a few minutes and a few hours. For some people, though, loneliness can last for years. Psychologists are studying this complex phenomenon and have identified three different types of loneliness. The first kind of loneliness is temporary. It usually disappears quickly and does not require any special attention. The second kind, situational loneliness, is a natural result of a particular situation, for example, a divorce or moving to a new place.Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems it usually does not last for more than a year. Unlike the second type, the third kind of loneliness usually lasts more than two years and has no specific cause. People who experience habitual loneliness have problems socializing and becoming close to others.Unfortunately, many of them think there is little or nothing they can do about it. Psychologists agree that one important factor in loneliness is a person's social contacts, for example, friends, family members, etc. We depend on various people for different reasons.For instance, our families give us emotional support and our friends share similar interests and activities. However, psychologists have found that the number of social contacts we have is not the only reason for loneliness. It is more important how many social contacts we think or expect we should have. In other words, though lonely people may have many social contacts, theysometimes feel they should have more. They question their own popularity.[22:45.98]Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. What does the speaker say about situational loneliness?34. What problem will people have if they experience habitual loneliness?35. Why do some people suffer loneliness according to psychologists?[24:00.71]Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.[24:49.83]Now listen to the passage.There was a time when any personal information that was gathered about us was typed on a piece of paper and locked away in a file cabinet. It could remain there for years and, often forgotten, never reach the outside world.Things have done a complete about-face since then.Responsible for the change has been the astonishingly swift development in recent years of the computer. Today, any data that is collected about us in one place or another— and for one reason or another—can be stored in a computer bank. It can then be easily passed to other computer banks. They are owned by individuals and by private businesses and corporations, leading institutions, direct mailing and telemarketing firms, credit bureaus, credit card companies, and government agencies at the local, state, and federal level.A growing number of Americans are seeing the accumulation and distribution of computerized data as a frightening invasion of their privacy. Surveys show that the number of worried Americans has been steadily growing over the years as the computer becomes increasingly efficient, easier to operate, and less costly to purchase and maintain. In 1970, a national survey showed that 37 percent of the people questioned felt their privacy was being invaded. Seven years later, 47 percent expressed the same worry. A recent survey by a credit bureau revealed that the number of alarmed citizens had soared up to 76 percent.。

2013年6月英语四级真题及答案【全】

2013年6月英语四级真题及答案【全】2013年6月英语四级真题及答案【全】Part I Writing对白：儿子： Dad, I'm a bit worried about disposing of nuclear waste（处理核废料）爸爸： If you can empty the dustbin（垃圾筒） here, you can do anything！范文：The picture shows us a dialogue between a father and a son. The son told his father, “Dad, I’m a bit worried about disposing of nuclear waste”. While his father told him, “If you can empty the dustbin here you can do anything”. It reveals the importance of doing small things well before undertaking something big. There is also an old Chinese saying to go with this that a person can’t sweep the world before he can sweep his own room.Unquestionably, doing small things is the first step of success and will layroot for doing something big. By doing something small, we are enabled to accumulate experience, master skills and train ourselves to be more patient. In other word, we can be well prepared for further challenges in the course of fulfilling small things. By contrast, those who set out to do something big will be constantly haunted by disappointment, frustrations or even failures. As when opportunity “something big” appears, they can hardly seize them because of the lack of experience and confidence stems from doing small things.Taking the picture presented above as a case in point, how can the little boy succeed in disposing of nuclear weapons if he even doesn’t know how to empty1.who take an image of the page and put it on a screen.”可知，Course Smart现在的电子课本只是对纸质课本的复制，因此，正确答案为D。

2013年6月英语四级答案完整版

快速阅读答案：1. A. they are not rescued once a new edition comes out2. B. They haven’t fixed all the shortcomings of print books.3. A. they find it troublesome to take notes with an iPad.4. D. they are no more than print versions put on a screen5. C. a platform for building multimedia content6. A. share his learning experience with the best and brightest thinkers7. C. professors can join in students’ online discussions8. manpower to put together each 9. cost10. remains to be seen仔细阅读答案之选词填空部分：47. H. lowest 48. J. maximum 49. D. component 50. I. maintain 51. A. allowing 52. G. increasingly 53. B. avoidable 54. K. prevent 55. L. principle 56. C. briefly仔细阅读答案之篇章阅读部分：57. C . Its temptation is too strong for people to resist.58. C. They are based on wrong assumptions.59. D. Easy access leads to customers' over-consumption.60. D. To get alcohol out of drivers’ immediate sight.61. C. Borrowing ideas from alcohol control measures.62. B. It's approaching its downfall.63. A. To show its early attempt to reinvent itself.64. D. They are deeply stuck in their glorious past.65. A. A burden.66. C. Its refusal to sponsor the 1984 Olympics.完形填空答案：67. promote68. mind69. with70. remember71. incredibly72. regularly73. from74. right75. interfere76. depending77. enhance78. experience79. between80. for81. affect82. recommends83. tempted84. published85. motion86. wonders翻译答案：87. studying abroad by herself88. even if we invest time and money in them89. would live up to their expectations90. had he been injured in the traffic accident91. obtaining information from the internetThe Big is the LittleNothing can be done except little by little, the French poet Baudelaire Charles once said. Most people, however, often ignore such a truth. So does the little boy shown in the picture. He expresses his worries to his father about disposing of nuclear waste, but is told that he can achieve nothing if he doesn’t empty the dustbin first.Every single little thing you can do today matters. The truth has been tested for ages, and thousands of great people have set good examples for us. For instance, Leonardo da Vinci, the world-renowned master in painting, starts his career with repeatedegg-drawing. Lu Xun, the great man of letters, reminded himself to get up early by inscribing the character “morning” on his As university students, in my opinion, we should aim high, but at the same time, we shall never measure a task by its size. All in all, only those who have the patience to do simple things perfectly will acquire the skill to do difficult things easily.。

二套 2013年6月大学英语四级听力试题

2013年6月大学英语四级听力试题Part III Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.11.A. The woman is the manager’s secretary.B. The man found himself in a wrong place.C. The man is the manager’s business associate.D. The woman was putting up a sign on the wall.12.A. He needs more time for the report.B. He needs help to interpret the data.C. He is sorry not to have helped the woman.D. He does not have sufficient data to go on.13. A. A friend from New York.B. A message from Tony.C. A postal delivery.D. A change in the weather.14. A. She is not available until the end of next week.B. She is not reliable source of information.C. She does not like taking exams.D. She does not like psychology.15.A. He will help the woman carry the suitcase.B. The woman’s watch is twenty minutes fa st.C. The woman shouldn’t make such a big fuss.D. There is no need for the woman to be in a hurry16. A. Mary is not so easygoing as her.B. Mary and she have a lot in common.C. She finds it hard to get along with Mary.D. She does not believe what her neighbors said.17. A. At an information service.B. At a car wash point.C. At a repair shop.D. At a dry cleaner’s.18. A. The woman came to the concert at the man’s request.B. The man is already fed up with playing the piano.C. The piece of music the man played is very popular.D. The man’s unique talents are the envy of many people.Section BQuestions 19-22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A. He has taught Spanish for a couple of years at a local school.B. He worked at the Brownstone Company for several years.C. He owned a small retail business in Michigan years ago.D. He has been working part-time in a school near Detroit.20. A. He prefers a full-time job with more responsibility.B. He is eager to find a job with more responsibility.C. He likes to work in a company close to home.D. He would rather get a less demanding job.21. A. Sports. B. Travel.C. Foreign languages.D. Computer games.22. A. When he is supposed to start workB. What responsibilities he would have.C. When he will be informed about his application.D. What career opportunities her company can高分子5、6班英语四级听力练习（二）offer.Questions 23-25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. A. She is pregnant.B. She is over 50.C. She has just finished her project.D. She works as a sales manager.24. A. He takes good care of Lisa.B. He is the CEO of a giant company.C. He is good at business management.D. He works as a sales manager.25. A. It is in urgent need of further development.B. It produces goods popular among local people.C. It has been losing market share in recent years.D. It is well positioned to compete with the giants. Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A. It is lined with tall trees.B. It was widened recently.C. It has high buildings on both sides.D. It used to be dirty and disorderly.27. A. They repaved it with rocks.B. They built public restrooms on it.C. They beautified it with plants.D. They set up cooking facilities near it.28. A. What makes life enjoyable.B. How to work with tools.C. What a community means.D. How to improve health.29. A. They were obliged to fulfill the signed contract. 第- 3 - 页共3页B. They were encouraged by the city officials’ praise.C. They wanted to prove they were as capable as boys.D. They derived happiness from the constructive work.Question 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. A. The majority of them think it less important than computers.B. Many of them consider it boring and old-fashioned.C. The majority of the find it interesting.D. Few of them read more than ten books a year.31. A. Novels and stories.B. Mysteries and detective stories.C. History and science books.D. Books on culture and tradition.32. A. Watching TV. B. Listening to music.C. Reading magazines.D. Playing computer games. Questions 33-35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. A. Advice on the purchase of cars.B. Information about the new green-fuel vehicles.C. Trends for the development of the motor car.D. Solutions to global fuel shortage.34. A. Limited driving range.B. Huge recharging expenses.C. The short life of batteries.D. The unaffordable high price.35. A. They need to be further improved.B. They can easily switch to natural gas.高分子5、6班英语四级听力练习（二）C. They are more cost-effective than vehicles powered by solar energy.D. They can match conventional motor cars in performance and safety.Section C Compound DictationMy favorite TV show? “The Twilight Zone.” I 36) especially like the episode called ―The Printer’s Devil. It’s about a newspaper editor who’s bein g driven out of business by a big newspaper syndicate –you know, a group of papers 37) owned by the same people.He is about to 38) commit suicide when he is interrupted by an old man who says his name is Smith. The editor is not only offered 5,000 dollars to pay off his newspaper’s 39) debts, but this Smith character also offers his services for free. It turns out that the guy 40) operates the printing machine with amazing speed, and soon he is turning out newspapers with 41) shocking headlines. The small paper is successful again. The editor is amazed at how quickly Smith gets his stories – only minutes after they happen – but soon he is 42) presented with a contract to sign. Mr. Smith, it seems, is really the devil! The editor is frightened by this news, but he is more 43) frightened by the idea of losing his newspaper, so he agrees to sign. But soon Smith is reporting the news even before it happens –and it’s all terrible –one 44) disaster after another. Anyway, there is a little more to tell, but I don’t want to ruin the story for you. I really like these old episodes of the Twilight Zone, because the stories are 45) fascinating. They are not realistic. But then again, in a 第- 5 - 页共3页way they are, because they deal with human nature.。

2013年6月四级真题(第2套)

2013年6月四级真题(第2套) D[02:00.05]College English Test (Band 4)[02:04.68]Part ¢ò Listening Comprehension[02:09.10]Section A[02:10.65]Directions: In this section,[02:13.66]you will hear 8 short conversations[02:16.35]and 2 long conversations. [02:19.27]At the end of each conversation,[02:21.57]one or more questions will be asked[02:23.61]about what was said. [02:26.19]Both the conversation and the questions[02:29.04]will be spoken only once. [02:31.85]After each question there will be a pause.[02:35.05]During the pause,[02:36.32]you must read the four[03:32.62]the fitness training program in your club.[03:35.97]M: I¡¯ll have you speak with the director[03:38.13]in charge of new accounts. [03:40.82]Q: What is the woman interested in?[03:59.30]3. W: It¡¯s really cold in this apartment.[04:03.72]Can we turn up the heat a little bit?[04:06.76]M: Sorry. I¡¯ve run out of money[04:09.01]and can hardly pay the fuel bill.[04:11.74]Maybe you¡¯d better put on a sweater.[04:14.40]Q: What does the man mean? [04:31.44]4. M: I¡¯m sorry, Miss. [04:34.20]But you have to come with me to the security office.[04:37.74]The video cameras in our shop[04:39.79]have recorded everything you did.[04:42.40]W: No, no. I...I didn¡¯t do anything.[04:45.84]I¡¯ll call the police if you dare insult me.[04:49.80]Q: What does the man think the woman was doing?[05:08.94]5. M: I think you ought to see a doctor right away[05:13.56]about that cough.[05:15.98]W: Well, I¡¯ll wait a few more days.[05:18.74]I¡¯m sure I¡¯ll get over it soon.[05:22.29]Q: What do we learn about the woman?[05:40.99]6. M: I¡¯ve heard that Pamela made quite a few mistakes [05:46.80]in her lab report.[05:48.63]W: Well, she wouldn¡¯t have [05:50.46]if she hadn¡¯t been in such a hurry to get it done.[05:55.08]Q: What does the woman imply?[06:13.59]7. M: We¡¯d better check out before 12 o¡¯clock, Marry. [06:19.10]And now there are only 30 minutes left.[06:22.63]W: Let¡¯s hurry up.[06:23.95]You go pay the bill[06:25.53]and I¡¯ll call the reception[06:27.06]to have our luggage taken downstairs.[06:31.17]Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?[06:50.52]8. W: Have you ever heard this speaker before?[06:55.43]M: Yeah. She¡¯s excellent. [06:57.96]She gets her point across[06:59.88]and it¡¯s entertaining at the same time.[07:03.74]Q: What does the man say about the speaker?[07:22.50]Now you will hear the two long conversations.[07:27.13]Conversation One[07:29.92]M: What should I do about Mr. Romero?[07:33.03]Remember? He said it was important and couldn¡¯t wait.[07:37.70]I think he may want you for that new movie he¡¯s directing. [07:42.11]W: That¡¯s absolutely correct.[07:44.58]Now, we have to fit him in somewhere.[07:48.32]Uh... what does Monday morning look like?[07:52.40]M: That doesn¡¯t look so good.[07:54.44]You have a make-up sessionstarting at 6:00,[07:57.35]then filming starts at 8:00,[07:59.75]and that¡¯s going to take the whole morning.[08:02.51]W: Well, what¡¯s after that?[08:05.30]M: You have lunch with your agent[08:06.95]to discuss the awards ceremony[08:09.26]and you¡¯ll have to meet him at one o¡¯clock[08:11.06]at the restaurant.[08:12.12]W: Oh, terrific![08:13.25]Listen, I cannot miss that. [08:15.82]But I still have to make time for Mr. Romero.[08:19.09]M: Well, now, don¡¯t forget [08:21.52]you got a three-o¡¯clock appointment[08:23.15]with your fashiondesigner.[08:24.92]W: That¡¯s right.[08:26.33]You know he¡¯s showing the latest fashions from Japan?[08:29.83]You know that loose-fitting look?[08:32.06]Those clothes are so in this year.[08:36.42]M: At 4:30 you have an appointment with your hairdresser. [08:40.90]Then at 7:00, you have dinner with a journalist.[08:44.67]Now remember, be nice to that guy.[08:47.32]W: Do I have to?[08:48.89]That won¡¯t be easy and it¡¯s likely to run late.[08:52.33]How does Tuesday look? [08:54.41]M: Well, you have to spend the whole morning[08:57.14]at the photographer¡¯s. [08:58.49]They are taking photos topublicize your new movie.[09:02.93]W: What about the afternoon? Am I free then?[09:06.47]M: Let me see... Yes, you are free after 3:30.[09:12.18]W: Then you can set up a meeting with Mr. Romero at 4:00. [09:16.42]M: Ok. I¡¯ll get on it right away.[09:19.33]Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation[09:23.06]you have just heard.[09:25.10]9. What are the speakers doing?[09:45.11]10. What is the woman going to discuss with her agent[09:49.31]over lunch on Monday? [10:07.99]11. What do we learn from the conversation about the man? [10:30.32]Conversation Two[10:32.90]M: I¡¯m phoning up about this job you advertised in the paper.[10:37.36]This...er...young sales manager?[10:40.00]W: Oh, yes.[10:41.58]M: I¡¯d like to apply for it.[10:43.46]Would you send me an application form?[10:45.81]W: No. You simply send in a written application, a letter. [10:50.83]M: Can you tell me a bit more about the job?[10:53.75]W: Well, we are very looking for someone[10:55.84]who isn¡¯t too concerned about working fairly long hours. [11:00.21]M: What do you mean by long hours?[11:03.12]W: This is a job which does, [11:05.32]as the advertisement says, [11:07.10]have travel possibilities, [11:08.83]and very often,[11:09.94]one would be away atweekends, for instance.[11:13.21]M: Oh, I thought you meant working in the evenings[11:16.12]and working overtime. [11:17.67]W: Well, it could also mean working in the evenings.[11:20.77]But for a managerial post, [11:22.93]I¡¯m afraid we don¡¯t pay overtime.[11:25.49]Um...that¡¯s for other grades.[11:28.36]M: Oh. What kind of money are you paying then?[11:31.89]W: Well, this is to be negotiated.[11:34.97]Uh, it depends partly on your experience and education. [11:39.75]Perhaps you can tell me briefly what that is?[11:42.58]M: I¡¯ve just left school and got A level in geography.[11:46.64]W: Oh, I see.[11:48.85]M: And it¡¯s the travel that appeals to me.[11:51.86]That¡¯s why I¡¯m inquiring about the job.[11:54.76]W: Yes, I see.[11:56.57]What sort of a salary were you thinking in terms of?[12:00.31]M: Starting off,[12:01.30]I thought it would be something like ¡ê500 a week?[12:05.61]W: Well, send in a written application[12:07.95]and then we¡¯ll consider your case[12:09.67]along with all the other applicants.[12:12.30]M: All right. Many thanks. Goodbye.[12:15.15]W: Bye.[12:16.76]Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation[12:20.24]you have just heard.[12:22.91]12. What does the woman say an applicant should do first[12:28.45]to apply for the job? [12:46.28]13. What kind of a person is the company looking for?[13:08.49]14. What does the man like most about the job?[13:29.51]15. What does the woman say about the salary[13:33.84]if the man is accepted by the company?[13:52.86]Section B[13:54.06]Directions: In this section,[13:56.93]you will hear 3 short passages.[13:59.84]At the end of each passage, [14:01.73]you will hear some questions.[14:03.90]Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. [14:08.76]After you hear a question,[14:10.71]you must choose the best answer from the four choices[14:13.75]marked A), B), C) and D). [14:18.58]Then mark the corresponding letter[14:20.68]on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. [14:26.55]Passage One[14:28.71]A typical large supermarket offers[14:30.98]around 17,000 to 20,000 items for sale[14:35.85]and it wants to make sure [14:37.28]that its customers see as many of them as possible.[14:41.78]That¡¯s why you¡¯ll normally find the essential goods [14:45.10]like bread, vegetables and meat[14:47.80]in completely different parts of the store.[14:51.37]Products with a high profitmargin[14:53.64]are always placed on shelves within easy reach of the customer,[14:58.32]while lower margin items like sugar or flower[15:02.00]are on the top or bottom shelves.[15:05.25]Many people make shopping list before they visit supermarkets. [15:10.18]But even so,[15:11.15]around 60% of all supermarket purchases[15:15.12]are the result of decisions that are taken in the store.[15:19.23]For this reason,[15:20.16]supermarkets try to attract their customers[15:23.45]by placing certain kinds of product next to each other.[15:28.32]In the UK,[15:29.80]beer will often be foundnext to items for babies[15:33.54]because research shows [15:34.78]that fathers of babies buy them[15:36.81]on their way home from work [15:39.24]and will buy beer at the same time.[15:42.58]Research has also shown that[15:44.68]this kind of impulse buy happens more frequently[15:48.66]when no sales assistants are nearby.[15:52.07]Supermarkets have made selling such a fine art[15:55.86]that their customers often lose all sense of time.[15:59.87]When interviewed, customers normally guess[16:02.68]they¡¯ve only spent half an hour in the supermarket[16:06.12]even when they have beenthere for over 45 minutes.[16:10.22]But that shouldn¡¯t be too surprising.[16:13.62]Any really profitable supermarket knows[16:16.24]that it should keep its clocks well hidden.[16:19.81]Questions 16 to 19 are based on the passage you have just heard.[16:26.17]16. Why are essential goods [16:30.11]displayed in totally different parts of the supermarket? [16:49.82]17. Where are goods with a high profit margin usually found? [17:12.00]18. What does the speaker say about supermarket goers?[17:33.07]19. What shouldn¡¯t be too surprising according to the speaker? [17:55.17]Passage Two[17:57.37]When Matty Sallin was working on a degree[18:00.07]in art and technology at university,[18:03.59]he got an interesting assignment in electronics class: [18:07.92]Create something for the household.[18:10.59]He decided to create an alarm clock.[18:14.63]"Everybody has to use an alarm clock of some kind every day, [18:19.00]and it¡¯s extremely unpleasant!" he says.[18:22.67]He asked different people [18:24.20]what they'd like to wake up to instead of a noisy alarm.[18:28.08]A lot of them said,[18:29.79]"The smell of bacon." [18:32.35]So Sallin invented a new kind of alarm clock:[18:36.19]a wooden box with a pig face and a digital clock[18:39.75]that uses the smell ofcooking bacon[18:42.74]rather than sound to wake someone up.[18:46.01]He explains, "There's no danger of burning,[18:49.18]because I built it carefully.[18:51.41]It uses light bulbs instead of a flame for cooking[18:55.26]and turns off automatically after ten minutes." [18:59.08]Just a few easy steps are required to set the "alarm."[19:03.94]"What you do is put in a couple of frozen strips[19:06.98]the night before," says Sallin.[19:09.44]Bacon is preserved,[19:10.81]so there is no danger of its spoiling overnight. "[19:15.11]If you set the alarm for 8:00,[19:18.58]it will turn on at 7:50 [19:21.14]and slow cook for ten minutes under the bulbs," he says. [19:26.44]Then the bulbs turn off [19:28.49]and a fan blows the smell out through the nose of the pig. [19:33.59]"So instead of an alarm, you smell yourself awake," says Sallin.[19:39.09]"Then you can open the door on the side[19:41.78]and pull the bacon out and eat it."[19:45.54]Questions 20 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.[19:51.96]20. What was Matty Sallin doing when he created an alarm clock? [20:14.17]21. What did Matty Sallin do[20:17.68]before making the new type of alarm clock?[20:37.29]22. What makes the newly invented alarm clock so unique? [20:59.80]Passage Three[21:02.08]Most people feel lonely sometimes,[21:04.84]but it usually only lasts [21:06.84]between a few minutes and a few hours.[21:09.72]For some people, though, loneliness can last for years. [21:13.56]Psychologists are studying this complex phenomenon[21:17.00]and have identified three different types of loneliness. [21:21.18]The first kind of loneliness is temporary.[21:23.94]It usually disappears quickly[21:26.19]and does not require any special attention.[21:28.92]The second kind, situational loneliness,[21:31.99]is a natural result of a particular situation,[21:35.51]for example, a divorce or moving to a new place.[21:40.10]Although this kind of loneliness[21:41.83]can cause physical problems[21:44.19]it usually does not last for more than a year.[21:48.24]Unlike the second type, [21:49.80]the third kind of loneliness[21:51.58]usually lasts more than two years[21:53.85]and has no specific cause. [21:56.29]People who experience habitual loneliness[21:59.08]have problems socializing [22:00.77]and becoming close to others.[22:02.99]Unfortunately,[22:04.17]many of them think[22:05.25]there is little or nothing they can do about it.[22:09.19]Psychologists agree that one important factor in loneliness [22:13.65]is a person's social contacts,[22:16.13]for example, friends, family members, etc.[22:20.16]We depend on various people for different reasons.[22:24.38]For instance,[22:25.34]our families give us emotional support[22:28.26]and our friends share similar interests and activities. [22:32.17]However, psychologists have found that[22:34.66]the number of social contacts we have[22:37.47]is not the only reason for loneliness.[22:40.90]It is more important [22:42.03]how many social contacts we think[22:44.35]or expect we should have. [22:46.94]In other words,[22:48.02]though lonely people may have many social contacts,[22:51.59]they sometimes feel they should have more.[22:54.67]They question their own popularity.[22:58.54]Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage[23:02.56]you have just heard. [23:04.64]23. What does the speaker say about situational loneliness? [23:26.91]24. What problem will people have[23:30.40]if they experience habitual loneliness?[23:49.72]25. Why do some people suffer loneliness[23:54.05]according to psychologists?[24:13.41]Section C[24:14.97]Directions: In this section,[24:17.79]you will hear a passage three times.[24:20.49]When the passage is read for the first time,[24:23.14]you should listen carefully for its general idea. [24:26.53]When the passage is read for the second time,[24:28.87]you are required to fill in the blanks[24:31.20]with the exact words you have just heard.[24:34.49]Finally, when the passage is read for the third time,[24:38.12]you should check what you have written.[24:41.62]Now listen to the passage.[24:45.19]There was a time when any personal information[24:47.79]that was gathered about us [24:49.62]was typed on a piece of paper[24:51.58]and locked away in a file cabinet.[24:54.25]It could remain there for years and,[24:56.58]often forgotten,[24:58.09]never reach the outside world.[25:00.90]Things have done a complete about-face since then.[25:04.23]Responsible for the change [25:05.65]has been the astonishingly swift development[25:08.44]in recent years of the computer.[25:10.88]Today, any data that is collected about us in one place or another¡ª[25:15.88]and for one reason or another¡ª[25:17.90]can be stored in a computer bank.[25:20.45]It can then be easily passed to other computer banks. [25:24.36]They are owned by individuals[25:26.21]and by private businesses and corporations,[25:29.25]leading institutions, [25:30.60]direct mailing and telemarketing firms,[25:33.66]credit bureaus, credit card companies,[25:35.90]and government agencies [25:37.59]at the local, state, and federal level.[25:40.96]A growing number of Americans[25:42.88]are seeing the accumulation[25:44.48]and distribution of computerized data[25:47.40]as a frightening invasion of their privacy.[25:51.28]Surveys show that the number of worried Americans[25:54.32]has been steadily growing over the years[25:56.95]as the computer becomes increasingly efficient,[25:59.87]easier to operate,[26:01.18]and less costly to purchase and maintain.[26:04.42]In 1970, a national survey showed[26:07.69]that 37 percent of the people questioned[26:11.22]felt their privacy was being invaded.[26:14.75]Seven years later,[26:16.11]47 percent expressed the same worry.[26:19.93]A recent survey by a credit bureau revealed[26:22.99]that the number of alarmed citizens[26:25.36]had shot up to 76 percent. [26:28.95]Now the passage will be read again.[26:32.56]There was a time when any personal information[26:36.03]that was gathered about us [26:37.53]was typed on a piece of paper[26:40.01]and locked away in a file cabinet.[26:43.10]It could remain there for years and,[26:45.88]often forgotten,[26:47.71]never reach the outside world.[26:51.10]Things have done a complete about-face since then.[26:54.50]Responsible for the change[26:56.12]has been the astonishingly swift development[26:59.21]in recent years of the computer.[27:02.32]Today, any data that is collected about us in one place or another¡ª[27:07.63]and for one reason or another¡ª[27:10.16]can be stored in a computer bank.[27:13.02]It can then be easily passed to other computer banks. [27:16.79]They are owned by individuals[27:18.72]and by private businesses and corporations,[27:22.31]leading institutions, [27:23.90]direct mailing and telemarketing firms,[27:27.23]credit bureaus, credit card companies,[27:30.28]and government agencies [27:31.92]at the local, state, and federal level.[27:35.14]A growing number of Americans[27:37.41]are seeing the accumulation[27:39.18]and distribution of computerized data[27:42.50]as a frightening invasion of their privacy.[27:45.96]Surveys show that the number of worried Americans[27:49.42]has been steadily growing over the years[27:52.68]as the computer becomes increasingly efficient,[27:56.14]easier to operate,[27:57.84]and less costly to purchase and maintain.[28:01.49]In 1970, a national survey showed[28:04.21]that 37 percent of the people questioned[28:07.55]felt their privacy was being invaded.[28:10.62]Seven years later,[28:12.21]47 percent expressed the same worry.[28:16.14]A recent survey by a credit bureau revealed[28:19.46]that the number of alarmed citizens[28:21.72]had shot up to 76 percent. [28:25.03]Now the passage will be read for the third time.[28:28.78]There was a time when any personal information[28:31.39]that was gathered about us [28:33.22]was typed on a piece of paper[28:35.26]and locked away in a file cabinet.[28:37.91]It could remain there foryears and,[28:40.03]often forgotten,[28:41.71]never reach the outside world.[28:44.59]Things have done a complete about-face since then.[28:47.93]Responsible for the change [28:49.44]has been the astonishingly swift development[28:52.16]in recent years of the computer.[28:54.64]Today, any data that is collected about us in one place or another¡ª[28:59.68]and for one reason or another¡ª[29:01.72]can be stored in a computer bank.[29:04.32]It can then be easily passed to other computer banks. [29:08.22]They are owned by individuals[29:10.16]and by private businesses and corporations,[29:13.17]leading institutions, [29:14.60]direct mailing and telemarketing firms,[29:17.60]credit bureaus, credit card companies,[29:19.89]and government agencies [29:21.60]at the local, state, and federal level.[29:24.96]A growing number of Americans[29:26.90]are seeing the accumulation[29:28.40]and distribution of computerized data[29:31.52]as a frightening invasion of their privacy.[29:35.37]Surveys show that the number of worried Americans[29:38.48]has been steadily growing over the years[29:41.06]as the computer becomes increasingly efficient,[29:43.98]easier to operate,[29:45.30]and less costly to purchase and maintain.[29:48.60]In 1970, a national survey showed[29:51.75]that 37 percent of the people questioned[29:55.53]felt their privacy was being invaded.[29:58.85]Seven years later,[30:00.21]47 percent expressed the same worry.[30:04.07]A recent survey by a credit bureau revealed[30:07.06]that the number of alarmed citizens[30:09.45]had shot up to 76 percent. [30:13.14]This is the end of listening comprehension.。

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